Статті в журналах: "International economic relations"

1

Shchurov, I. V. "International economic relations." Economic Bulletin of Dnipro University of Technology 79 (September 2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/ebdut/79.040.

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2

Eremicheva, Tat'yana V. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Science and art of management / Bulletin of the Institute of Economics, Management and Law of the Russian State University for the Humanities, no. 4 (2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2782-2222-2021-4-97-113.

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During recent years the modern World Economy has undergone colossal changes, which were influenced not only by unexpected situations like a pandemic, but also by various factors and trends. The research is intended to make an attempt for considering the long-established trends in international economic relations in a new aspect of current events and economic integration and the overall economic integration of the labour, industries and capital. Now, in the context of a global pandemic, all states and entire regions are subject to integration. Thus, the purpose of the article is to determine the main forms and current trends in international economic relations. In the process of this work were used such a research method as the induction, synthesis, analysis.

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3

Polad Mammadova, Zarifa. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IN ECONOMIC RELATIONS." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/116-119.

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that plays an important role in regulating the economy and aims to prevent the economic crisis by providing various loans to many developing countries. At the same time, one of the IMF's priority goals is to reduce poverty. The article clarifies the issues related to the regulation of economic relations between the IMF and its consequences, as well as examines the legal and factual aspects of this regulation. Key words: The International Monetary Fund, organization, governance, surveillance, financial and technical functions, poverty reduction

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4

Bilan, Yuriy, Vitalii Nitsenko, Iuliia Ushkarenko, Anna Chmut, and Olga Sharapa. "Outsourcing in International Economic Relations." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 13, no. 3 (September 2017): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2017.13-3.14.

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5

Басовская, Elena Basovskaya, Басовский, and Leonid Basovskiy. "International Economic Relations’ Risk Criterion." Economics 2, no. 6 (December 17, 2014): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6730.

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A criterion for an assessment of international economic relations’ risks has been offered. This criterion is based on proposed approach to assessment of risks for world economic dynamics and economic dynamics of different countries and territories. The economic dynamics risk is estimated by comparison of economic growth rates’ average size and a risk measure — a mean square deviation of growth rates. Definition for a line of market of international economic relations’ prospects is offered, similar to the capital market line in the financial assets’ profitability model (CAPM). On the basis of IMF data for 2004-2013 the economic dynamics risks for Europe and CIS countries have been estimated. It has been established that in Europe only economies of Switzerland, Poland, Albania and Malta have the risks below the world economy ones. From among the largest economies the smallest risks have economies of Great Britain, Germany and France. The greatest risks have economies of Italy and Spain. In the CIS only Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have the risks below the world economy ones. From among the CIS countries the Ukraine has the worst risk criteria.

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6

Chow, Peter C. Y. "Taiwan in International Economic Relations." Orbis 60, no. 4 (2016): 531–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2016.09.001.

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7

McKenzie, Francine. "International Economic Relations Since 1945." Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no. 2 (April 2015): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00537.

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8

Strange, Susan. "Review: International Economics: Economic Statecraft." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 41, no. 4 (December 1986): 896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070208604100415.

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9

Muzyka-Stefanchuk, O., and N. Yakymchuk. "International currency legal relations and international economic relations: interconnection and interaction." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.114.

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International currency relations are considered through the prism of international economic relations. It is emphasized that the latter arise between subjects from different countries, between tax residents of different tax jurisdictions regarding the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods, provision and receipt of services, capital circulation. It is argued that international economic relations are manifested at different levels of the economy (micro-, meta-, macro-levels). Where the macro level is the level of state and interstate international processes; metalevel these are international ties of industry and regional importance; micro level is the level of connections between firms of different countries. International economic contacts, international economic interaction, international economic cooperation, international economic integration are considered in detail. It is proved that the existence of international economic relations gave impetus to the formation of international economic and international currency (monetary) law. So, in the context of international economic law, international currency law and the corresponding legal relations arose as early as the 19th century, and they received the greatest development in the second half of the 20th century. In the XIX-XX centuries currency and financial systems are actively developing both domestically and internationally. It also gave impetus to the formation and development of economic and financial science. The stages of the evolutionary development of the world monetary and financial system are considered. The main principles of the organization of currency relations in different periods are analyzed. Alternative options to the existing currency system proposed by various authors are critically considered. It is proven that the formation and development of international trade relations, the world economy, and the world currency system contributed to the formation of a certain system of legal norms regulating relations in the currency sphere. At the same time, such norms are considered within the framework of different legislation, studied in different academic disciplines.

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10

SHUMILOV, VLADIMIR. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND INTERNATIONAL LAW." Sociopolitical Sciences 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2021-11-3-26-31.

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The purpose and objectives of this article are to provide a comparative analysis of the development of the international economic system and international law. Methodological approach. The work uses general scientific methods, as well as the method of legal interpretation and the comparative legal method. Results and conclusions. The article reveals the concept of the international economic system (MEA) as particularly significant for the most important sections of a number of sciences - economics, political science, philosophy, and law. It is shown that the MEA is the reality that each science studies from its own point of view. It is in the international economic system - on the territory of all States of the world-that the production of goods and services takes place, commodity flows are formed, and the cross-border movement of goods, services, financial instruments, investments, and labor is carried out. National law and international law serve as a kind of legal superstructure over these realities; through the two systems of law, States manage processes and regulate all types of relations in the international economic system. The originality and value of the work lies in the identification of the relationship between the MEA and international law. The author examines how international law is involved in the process of regulating international economic relations at all levels and how it will change along with the transformation of the MEA, which is taking place in our time.

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11

Вікторія Бойко. "INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AS A FORM OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS." Scientific environment of modern human, sua19-02 (December 30, 2018): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/2663-5569.2021-19-02-007.

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12

Çela, Radovan. "International Labor Relations." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, no. 1 S1 (April 23, 2024): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n1s133.

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International Labor Relations (ILR) encapsulates the multifaceted interactions and dynamics shaping the global workforce's landscape. In an increasingly interconnected world, characterized by globalization, technological advancements, and economic interdependence, labor relations extend beyond national boundaries, influencing and being influenced by various factors. This abstract provides a succinct overview of the key themes, challenges, and opportunities within the realm of International Labor Relations. The study of ILR encompasses diverse aspects, including cross-border labor migration, multinational corporations' employment practices, labor standards, and international trade agreements' impact on employment. Central to ILR is the examination of the interactions between governments, employers, workers, and international organizations, as they navigate complex socio-economic and political contexts. Globalization has profoundly shaped ILR, fostering the integration of economies and labor markets across countries. As a result, labor issues increasingly transcend national borders, posing both opportunities and challenges for workers, employers, and policymakers. Technological advancements, such as automation and digitalization, further complicate labor dynamics, influencing employment patterns and skills requirements on a global scale. Challenges within ILR include ensuring decent work conditions, protecting workers' rights, and addressing inequalities in labor markets. Issues such as informal employment, gender disparities, and the informalization of labor pose significant hurdles to achieving inclusive and sustainable growth. Moreover, the rise of global supply chains has raised concerns about labor exploitation and the enforcement of labor standards across borders. International organizations play a crucial role in shaping ILR through the development and implementation of labor standards, conventions, and guidelines. Institutions like the International Labour Organization (ILO) provide platforms for dialogue and cooperation among governments, employers, and workers to address labor-related challenges and promote social justice. In conclusion, International Labor Relations are complex and dynamic, influenced by globalization, technological advancements, and economic forces. Addressing the diverse challenges within ILR requires collaborative efforts from governments, employers, workers, and international organizations to ensure fair and inclusive labor practices and promote sustainable development globally. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

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13

Naryshkin, Andrey Aleksandrovich. "Alternative economic relations under sanctions." Contemporary Europe, no. 5 (December 15, 2023): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020170832305008x.

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The current international relations crisis caused significant adjustments to the foreign economic activity. During the sanctions confrontation, new restrictions affect more and more tradable sectors, which makes it impossible to maintain previously purchased equipment. It also contradicts legal obligations and the terms of warranty service in the field of spare parts supplies. Buyers represented by government agencies, legal entities and ordinary citizens who trusted Western (mostly European) manufacturers find it hard to deal with the situation. The state is forced to look for ways to supply products and spare parts for previously imported equipment. This process is called “critical import”. Alternative ways of trade development will in fact not only increase the chances to overcome the current international relations crisis, but will also give impetus to variety of possible scenarios for the world trade evolution. This article examines alternative ways of developing international economic cooperation, as well as the development of international relations in the short and medium term prospects. Parallel import is likely to increase during the current crisis and also various trade schemes are likely to develop, namely, barter, deliveries through third countries, the organisation of trading houses.

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14

Butakova, Yana Sergeevna. "International economic sanctions in civil international law: a theoretical aspect." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 1 (January 2024): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2024.1.69642.

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Modern international economic sanctions (unilateral restrictive measures) are a unique phenomenon and a vivid example demonstrating how the operation of the norms of private international law can affect the achievement of foreign policy goals. Being a public legal category in its essence, international economic sanctions have a significant impact on private law relations, including relations with a foreign element. Civil law and other relations complicated by a foreign element are subject to the influence of sanctions adopted by the competent authorities of foreign states: contractual, corporate relations, as well as relations within the framework of arbitration, enforcement of foreign court decisions and others. In this regard, private (civil) international law functions as a filter that translates economic sanctions of public law origin into the sphere of private law. Its main task is to choose the applicable law, and conflict of laws rules decide whether a specific international economic sanction applies to contractual relations between the parties or not. The author applies both philosophical and general scientific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, critical and dialectical methods) and methods specific directly to legal science (structural-logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal).The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive study of international economic sanctions in the context of private and public law. It is precisely private international law that can help to smooth out differences in national judicial practice in cases related to international economic sanctions. The article deals mainly with EU sanctions in the context of private international law, and also provides recommendations for improving and unifying EU sanctions regulation in the context of civil international law. The European sanctions regulation, being one of the most ancient, has a significant amount of judicial practice in the field of application and recognition of sanctions of a foreign state. The study of international sanctions in the context of private law relations can play a significant role in the development of the doctrine of private international law and law enforcement practice.

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15

Ivanova, Tatyana A. "International Financial Settlements in Foreign Economic Relations." Jurist 8 (July 29, 2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2020-8-50-53.

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16

Bayne, Nicholas. "International Economic Relations After the Cold War." Government and Opposition 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01264.x.

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When The Berlin Wall Came Down, on 10 November 1989, and communist regimes crumbled first in Central Europe, then in the Balkans, finally in the Soviet Union, we all hoped that a new era of peace and prosperity would begin. We knew it would be hard and painful for working democracies and effective market economies to be established in the former Warsaw Pact countries. But we believed that this could be achieved: and that we in the West could provide not only material help, but also the valuable example of the successful economic system practised by the members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This system had finally triumphed over the rival, centrally-planned approach. Moreover, it was not just in Central and Eastern Europe that the open market economic system was prevailing, but all over the world. China was transforming its economy, with conspicuous success. The little dragons of East Asia were reaching economic standards close to those of OECD and their neighbours in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) were following in their wake. In Latin America new, open economic and trade policies were being brought in, notably in Mexico. The world-wide prospects had never looked better.

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17

Jackson, John H. "International Economic Relations in the 21st Century." European Business Organization Law Review 2, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1566752900000641.

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18

Cooper, Richard N. "The Coase Theorem and international economic relations." Japan and the World Economy 7, no. 1 (May 1995): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-1425(94)00036-s.

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19

Sutherland, Peter D. "A New Framework for International Economic Relations." Economic Affairs 15, no. 1 (December 1994): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1994.tb00257.x.

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20

Mamenova, K. M. "FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF ARGENTINA." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 5(74) (June 14, 2020): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.1.74.733.

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For Argentina, the export has become the reliance in Economy and International Relationships. Tackling the index of globalisation, called KOF1, Argentina is rated as 66, 51. The ratio, which demonstrates the development of economically-globalised relationships between the state and overseas countries, is sufficiently high. Therefore, considering the evolution of relationships with multiply world markets is fundamental as a method of qualification for bilateral relations and regional links. Argentina has external economic relations with numerous states. The article studies the issues of substantive trade tendencies of Argentina international contacts.

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21

Mahant, Edelgard. "Interregionalism and International Relations." Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no. 3 (September 2007): 777–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070898.

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Interregionalism and International Relations, Heiner Hänggi, Ralf Roloff and Jürgen Rüland, eds., Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics; London: Routledge, 2006, pp. 364.How do we explain a widespread international phenomenon that only occasionally contributes to the geo-strategic or economic interests of the participating states? This book is about interregionalism, the international organizations and institutions that link regional organizations from more than one region of the world (as, for example, ASEM, also known as Asia-Europe Meeting) or that span across more than one region, such as APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation) or FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas). The fact is that few of these institutions have accomplished much in concrete terms, yet they continue to proliferate, as the four-and-a-half page list of acronyms at the beginning of this volume amply demonstrates.

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22

Boklan, Darya S., and Mikhail N. Kopylov. "Interaction of International Environmental and International Economic Law as Branches of the System of International Law." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2014-3-171-191.

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The article gives grounds for necessity of interaction of international environmental and international economic law. Such interaction makes regulation of international relations efﬁ cient and comprehensive. Interaction of these branches of international law doesn’t lead to their integration but points out necessity of combined application of their norms which regulate one and the same international relations. Interaction of international environmental and international economic law gets to a new level of quality today. This process is determined by necessity of «ecologization» of international economic relations. Moreover such necessity is connected with environmental protection, defense of environmental human rights, environmental security and sustainable use of natural recourses as well as with economic development.

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23

Bokhan, A. "Diplomacy of development in ecologization of international economic relations." Balanced nature using, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2021.253335.

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The article deals with the historical and modern aspects of greening of international economic relations in the context of scientific approaches, theories and concepts. The peculiarities of the influence of natural and ecological factors on the development of society, nature management, economic interactions are determined. A retrospective review of scientific economic thought is presented in the context of interdisciplinary environmental context. The complexity of the process and phenomena of evolutionary changes in politics, economics and ecology are identified. Methodology of coverage of environmental and economic concepts includes different approaches: philosophical, psychological, biological, technical and economic. The mechanisms of greening are reflected in the areas of neo-Keynesianism, neoclassicism, institutionalism, globalism, post-industrialism. Environmental threats affect society in different ways, but stimulate change and transform economic systems. The intensification of the environmental crisis and global problems has led to the expansion of international activities, environmental policy, economic culture and environmental awareness. New formats of international contacts, coordination of market and social interests should be considered in the context of theories of environmentalism, greening of the economy, economic modernization, resource provision, environmental security. The formation of progressive models of social development involves international economic integration, the inclusion of national environmental policies in the international security system, promoting cooperation and cooperation between countries. development diplomacy is seen as a tool for consolidating countries in solving global problems, intensifying international integration in the field of environmental activities, greening trade and economic activities and international business. The field of research on the greening of international economic relations is constantly expanding in the context of security, cooperation, resource management.

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24

Okano-Heijmans, Maaike. "Conceptualizing Economic Diplomacy:The Crossroads of International Relations, Economics, IPE and Diplomatic Studies." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x566742.

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AbstractThis article introduces both a conceptual and an analytical framework of economic diplomacy so as to contribute to sounder understanding of economic diplomacy’s activities, tools and goals. While the state is not regarded as the only player, or as a coherent entity, it is assumed that the state is the primary actor in economic diplomacy. The conceptual framework discerns five strands of economic diplomacy, which involve tools and purposes that are relatively more commercial/economic or political in character and are thereby closer to the ‘business end’ or ‘power-play end’ of economic diplomacy. The analytical framework identifies four essential dimensions of economic diplomacy within which historically contingent change may occur: the context; tools; theatres; and processes. Interaction between these dimensions takes place in multiple ways. Building on the insights provided by these frameworks, the article analyses the foci, assumptions and methodologies of the research fields that are concerned with economic diplomacy, and discusses the strategic and ideological considerations that underpin it.

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25

Hilpold, P. "Review: International Economic Law * Andreas F. Lowenfeld: International Economic Law." European Journal of International Law 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/15.3.593.

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26

Врублевська-Місюна, К. М. "ІННОВАЦІЙНЕ ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ В ПРОЦЕСАХ РОЗВИТКУ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН". Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г. С. Сковороди "Право", № 30 (2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/23121661.2019.30.09.

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This article describes the essence of intangible assets in the system of concepts that determine the features of international investment activity. It is established, that without attracting of foreign investment becomes impossible to increase the level of competitiveness of domestic products in the world market. The purpose of the article is to identify the nature, dynamics and specifics of innovative investment in the development of international economic relations. It is stated that in modern conditions of economic development, intangible assets start to acquire increasingly important role in the process of capitalizing the value of enterprises and will play a major role in the formation of companies soon. It was concluded, that given trends in information development, intangible assets are becoming more valuable for an enterprise in terms of generating additional value and capitalization growth of an enterprise. Now the state policy of innovation development is characterized by inconsistency, lack of clear concept of national innovation priorities and system approach to the development of innovation activity (national innovation system), however economic and legal relations are able to acquire maximum effectiveness in the case of investing economic activity through the transfer of innovative production.

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27

Tambunlertchai, Somsak. "Economic Prospects and External Economic Relations of Thailand." Asian Development Review 07, no. 02 (January 1989): 88–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110589000102.

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Among the developing economies in Asia, Thailand stands out in terms of economic growth and stability. Recently, it has been receiving increasing attention by the international community, and there are high hopes that it will soon join the ranks of newly industrializing economies (NIEs). However, as in the case of other economies, the economy of Thailand has experienced several critical periods in reaching its present stage of development, and there are many economic problems that are yet to be resolved…

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28

Новік, Ірина. "LEADERSHIP AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 1 (August 29, 2019): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2019.1.100.

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29

Kozak, Yuriy, and Olexiy Sulym. "Ethnocultural features of international economic relations: global challenges." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 3(67) (October 30, 2018): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.3(67).2018.19-27.

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30

Woods, Ngaire. "Economic Ideas and International Relations: Beyond Rational Neglect." International Studies Quarterly 39, no. 2 (June 1995): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600845.

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31

Cao, Yumin, and Dali Zhang. "FEATURES OF GERMANY'S PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS." Прогрессивная экономика, no. 7 (2021): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54861/27131211_2021_7_48.

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32

Cottier, Thomas. "The Rule of Law in International Economic Relations." Zeitschrift für europarechtliche Studien 25, no. 1 (2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-439x-2022-1-3.

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33

Belousov, S. "The mechanism of USA international military-economic relations." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2008): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2008-10-68-76.

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34

Belousov, S. "The mechanism of USA international military-economic relations." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2008): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2008-10-68-76.

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35

Zagoria, Donald, Ross Garnaut, and Peter Drysdale. "Asia Pacific Regionalism: Readings in International Economic Relations." Foreign Affairs 73, no. 6 (1994): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20046997.

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36

Slyusarenko, Kateryna, Irina Maksymova, and Anastasiia Beskrovna. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 30, no. 5 (October 29, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3007.

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Foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU are developing under the terms of the Association Agreement coming into force. The article presents both positive and negative sides. The dynamics of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU countries is analyzed, Ukraine's export and import structure is represented, as well as the proposed priorities of the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union

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37

Chishti, Sumitra. "Globalization, International Economic Relations and the Developing Countries." International Studies 39, no. 3 (August 2002): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002088170203900302.

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38

Viktorovna Tretyakova, Galina, Ofeliia Andranikovna Azarova, Victoria Victorovna Levchenko, Olga Vladimirovna Meshcheryakova, and Olga Yevgenievna Lebedeva. "Economic Prospects of Balanced Development of International Relations." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24625.

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The article deals with the systematization of economic prospects of balanced development of international relations. It is established that the prerequisites for rapid development are special conditions of certain factors, which acquire different acuteness or form as institutional determinants of development. It is proved that the balanced development of international relations is associated not only with economic issues, but also with social features, political conflicts, and history. Globalization, which has originally manifested itself as liberalization, and then as the integration of capital, goods, and labor into a single world market also complicates the problem. The article highlights the importance of specialization because it is specialization that provides an opportunity to increase efficiency at the level of individuals, organizations, regions, and countries through the effect of scale, comparative advantages, and technological changes.

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39

Chinn, Menzie. "Asia Pacific regionalism: Readings in international economic relations." Journal of Asian Economics 6, no. 4 (December 1995): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1049-0078(95)90029-2.

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40

Martonyi, János. "Ferenc Mádl and International Economic Law." Central European Journal of Comparative Law 2, no. 2 (November 20, 2021): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2021.2.167-179.

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Ferenc Mádl, while rising to the ranks of the outstanding Hungarian statesmen who served their country unconditionally, remained a scholar with exceptional knowledge and a unique academic life. In the 1970s, he was the first to recognise that even the broadest interpretation of the field of private international law could not cope with the expansion and transformation of international economic relations in the world and in our country. Reality had gone beyond the given framework of thought, „the facts had rebelled”, a new system and new solutions were needed. A new discipline, international economic law was born to meet the needs of theory, education and practice. The new field of law not only sensed the changes in reality and the interconnections between different areas of reality, but also anticipated the future. Decades later, Ferenc Mádl comprehensively summarised the most important legal consequences of economic, political and social changes and demonstrated the role of law in these changes. In the field of international economic relations, changes have continued to accelerate, new issues and new dilemmas have emerged, including in the area of foreign investment, where public law meets private law, international law meets national law, substantive law meets procedural law. These – and many other exciting new topics – remain best located, cultivated and taught in the field of international economic relations 'invented' by Ferenc Mádl.

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41

T. W. Ojo and A. A. Adebayo. "Nigeria's Foreign Economic Relations (1998-2014)." Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance 2, no. 3 (January 4, 2023): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/economit.v2i3.818.

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Since Nigeria gained independence, its foreign policy has been guided by the pursuit of its national interests in bilateral and multilateral relationships. This has remained a reflection of Nigeria's understanding of the external environment and internal dynamics. A government's actions that deal with security, defence, international political ties, and international economic interactions are referred to as its foreign policy as a concept. In order for sovereign states to remain relevant within the context of modern global political economy, the post-cold war international system has highlighted the convergence of sovereign states as a desirable goal. In light of this, a state's relative benefits are primarily determined by the design, focus, and execution of its economic diplomacy. Nigeria's economic diplomacy primarily aims to diversify its economic foundation, increase its global market, draw in foreign investment, and control its debt. This study basically looked at how Nigeria's economic diplomatic interactions have influenced or otherwise hindered its development goals. The research focuses on Nigeria's external trade patterns, the draw of foreign investments, foreign loans, and management of external debt. The qualitative descriptive approach of data analysis revealed that the issue of Nigeria's development has not been considerably addressed by the country's foreign economic ties.

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42

Luzhina, A. N. "BOOK REVIEW : BOKLAN D.S. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS." Pravovedenie IAZH, no. 3 (2021): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rgpravo/2021.03.13.

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43

Buckley, Peter J., Hafiz Mirza, and Stephen F. Witt. "Japan's International Tourism in the Context of its International Economic Relations." Service Industries Journal 9, no. 3 (July 1989): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642068900000041.

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44

Kholopov, A. V. "Economic Studies." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-171-181.

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The establishment of the School of Economic Science at MGIMO was due to the necessity of the world economy research, and the need to prepare highly skilled specialists in international economics. The school is developing a number of areas, which reflect the Faculty structure. - Economic theory is one of the most important research areas, a kind of foundation of the School of Economic Science at MGIMO. Economic theory studies are carried out at the chair of Economic theory. "The course of economic theory" textbook was published in 1991, and later it was reprinted seven times. Over the past few years other textbooks and manuals have been published, including "Economics for Managers" by Professor S.N. Ivashkovskaya, which survived through five editions; "International Economics" - four editions and "History of Economic Thought" - three editions. - International Economic Relations are carried out by the Department of International Economic Relations and Foreign Economic Activity. Its establishment is associated with the prominent economist N.N. Lyubimov. In 1957 he with his colleagues published the first textbook on the subject which went through multiple republications. The editorial team of the textbook subsequently formed the pride of Soviet economic science - S.M. Menshikov, E.P. Pletnev, V.D. Schetinin. Since 2007, the chair of Foreign Economic Activities led by Doctor of Economics, Professor I. Platonova has been investigating the problems of improving the architecture of foreign economic network and the international competitiveness of Russia; - The history of the study of problems of the world economy at MGIMO begins in 1958 at the chair baring the same name. Since 1998, the department has been headed by Professor A. Bulatov; - The study of international monetary relations is based on the chair of International Finance, and is focused on addressing the fundamental scientific and practical problems; - The chair "Banks, monetary circulation and credit" was created in February 2012. It is head by Professor G.S. Panova. The members of the chair are experienced bank employees; - The field of practical application of research results in the field of accounting, statistics and auditing has been expanding in recent years. The research in the field is conducted at the synonymous chair; - An important direction of development of economic studies at MGIMO is a risk management and insurance. Established in 1993, the Department of Risk Management and Insurance is headed by Professor R.T. Yuldashev.

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45

Beker, Emilija. "Economic aspects of globalization." Privredna izgradnja 48, no. 3-4 (2005): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0504135b.

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Economic aspects of globalization are related to the increasing economic integration and interdependence on a global level through the processes of overall trade and financial liberalization and deregulation, minimization the role of the state, domination of market principles and mechanisms, and appearance of new actors on international economic scene. Ideological background of the new globalization wave is neoliberalism or market fundamentalism that is institutionalized in the form of trilateralism in international economic relations. Trilateralism includes concentrating the power of governing and regulation of international relations on three regional blocks in the world economy (SAD, Western Europe and Asia) and three international economic institutions (IMF, WTO and WB) that regulate specific area of international economic relations. Although globalization represents huge potential for creation of enormous economic prosperity these benefits aren't evenly distributed, so there exists an increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor that deepens the discontents of the globalization process. Considering that the only alternative is autarky and isolation of economy, globalization cannot be an option, but a reality that must be accepted, however, not at the cost of annulling national interests and sovereignty, degrading economic positions and initiating enormous social tensions.

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Nataliya Yakymchuk, Ganna Vlasova, Oksana Vaitsekhovska, Petro Tsymbal, and Yuliia Baliuk. "TO THE QUESTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGALITY OF LOCAL COMMUNITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS." European Cooperation 2, no. 42 (April 30, 2019): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32070/ec.v2i42.14.

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The article is devoted to the issue of international legal personality of cities as subnational persons. The rapid urbanization of cities, modern processes of decentralization of power in the countries and the growth of economic globalization in the world have led to an increase in the autonomy of subnational individuals (especially such their kind as cities). The sphere of greatest manifestation of such independence is economic, within which, cities are increasingly entering into foreign economic relations not only with foreign legal entities, but also with international intergovernmental organizations and governments of foreign countries when solving economic and economic issues of local level. The rapid growth and such foreign economic activity, the legal basis of which, as a rule, are international treaties between the countries, has caused ambiguous understanding of the legal status of subnational persons and highly actualized the research of this problem in the context of determining their international legal personality. The article analyzes the doctrinal approaches to the concept of "subject of international law" and the criteria for their separation from other legal entities participating in relations with a foreign element. The basic international documents and normative legal acts of foreign countries that regulate the legal status of territorial communities of cities as subjects of local self-government and give the rights to enter into a contractual relationship on their own and in a responsible manner in a transboundary context are investigated. Exploring the forms of urban cooperation at the regional and universal levels, the following forms of networking of cities as infrastructures, which are factors of international legal regulation (aimed at economic solidarity) and political ones, in which cities often act as agents of international intergovernmental organizations, are distinguished. Based on the analysis of international documents and national legal acts regulating the legal status of subnational persons and their relations with subjects of international law, as well as domestic and foreign doctrines of international legal personality, a scientific approach to the status of cities in economic relations with a foreign element is formulated. Cities are defined as complementary (substantive) subjects of international legal relations with a special international legal personality: in the formally-legal plane they are granted the rights in foreign economic activity by the legal norms of the national law, which these relations are regulated; similarly to the states, cities (like other subnationals) are representatives of the public interest of the communities of cities; in the economic-practical plane act as independent subjects of economic relations of an international character. Illustrated signs of the rapid development of "city diplomacy", which, on the background of decentralization of authorities to territorial communities and economic globalization, led to the expansion of the scope of international legal personality in the practice of foreign economic relations and caused a gradual change in their international legal personality in international acts.

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47

Abdullah Al - Jubouri, Ziad Khalaf. "The international actor (the individual) in international relations." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 3, no. 10 (February 24, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v3i10.26.

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The concept of international relations is very broad. In modern use it includes not only relations between States but also relations between States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations and other enterprises. As a result of the scientific and technological development of mankind and the accompanying economic, social and cultural developments, Is the only actor in international relations there are other international people have emerged to exist one by one in harmony with and consistent with these developments in humanity is no longer the international theater exclusive to the State alone, Lyon are better with the ability to work, performance and influence in international relations, the last of whom is an actor visible international individual.

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48

Farrands, Christopher. "International economic cooperation." International Affairs 66, no. 2 (April 1990): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621380.

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49

Bozinis, Athanasios I. "International Economic Relations and Information Communication Technologies (ICT) Use: Economic Globalization via Economic Digitalization." American Journal of Applied Sciences 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2007.188.191.

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50

Puig, Sergio. "Debiasing International Economic Law." European Journal of International Law 30, no. 4 (November 2019): 1339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa001.

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Abstract A flourishing number of bodies evaluate the conduct of government officials against broad standards, decide complex questions of scientific probity and calculate the present value of past decisions. The effects of implicit biases (systematic patterns of deviation from rationality in judgment) impact the assessment of these issues, which are central to international economic law. Such effects are well understood by psychologists and increasingly confirmed by experiments involving legal actors, including judges. In this article, I provide three concrete examples of implicit biases affecting international tax, trade and investment adjudication, and I call for the incorporation of mechanisms to overcome such biases as well as their strategic exploitation by litigants. At a conceptual level, I propose a typology to think of ‘debiasing tools’ for international adjudication – mechanisms that can act as a centrepiece of coordination of information rather than mere inoculants of the habits of mind on adjudicators. At a normative level, I pose that biases may impact confidence in dispute settlement systems and that both concerns for sovereignty and a predilection for negotiated solutions make international economic law ripe for testing these interventions.

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