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1
Costantini, Mattia <1985>. "International Scientific Cooperation." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent times the importance and opportunities a globalized science can offer have become more and more clear and needed. In a world struggling with economic depression, pollution, global warming, over population and looking for a reliable and unlimited source of energy capable of supporting the current needs, science and scientific knowledge needs to be at the center of every state policies.
In this thesis I will first give an overview of the first years of international scientific cooperation and what it means for nations to work together. I will describe one of the first international cooperation, the Manhattan Project, and then move on to more recent time and how globalization has changes the way of doing science.
Another important point I will take into consideration is the role science can play in international diplomacy, as a tool for nations to find common grounds and build something that can bring them closer.
I will then move on to describe modern international cooperation projects, especially the ISS, being the most expensive international project ever started, and ITER, probably the world´s best chance at finding a reliable and durable solution to the energy problem.
On ITER I will then focus on the creation of the project, thus analyzing the path that led to the signing of the agreement and of the Domestic Agencies as well as analyzing the problems the project has and is encountering. I will try to provide possible solutions for most of these problems, for the ITER project itself as well as for all future international scientific cooperation projects.
2
Chen, Hongxin. "Cooperative performance : factors affecting the performance of international technological cooperation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488313.
Повний текст джерела
3
Tang, Jianmin. "Essays on international environmental cooperation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20589.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
4
Radzevych, R. O. "International cooperation on environmental protection." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11942.
Повний текст джерела
5
MIYOSHI, Koichi. "Evaluation of ODA to Build and Strengthen International Cooperation : Towards Constructing an International Framework of Evaluation for International Cooperation." 名古屋大学農学国際教育協力研究センター, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8939.
Повний текст джерела
6
Digtyar, A. O. "Ukraine international cooperation in corruption prevention." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46964.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long aspirations of Ukraine to become an equal member of the
international community and European integration processes caused the
need to bring Ukrainian legal system and legislative framework into line
with international standards. According to the indexes of sociological
research of many international institutions, Ukraine is one of the most
corrupted countries in the world. Taking into account these processes,
along with the other problems and tasks facing Ukraine, the corruption
prevention is getting top priority.
7
Lee, Joonbeom. "Emergency oil system and international cooperation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012994.
Повний текст джерела
8
Keshk, Omar Muhammad Galal. "Understanding variations in OPEC members' cooperation levels using international cooperation theories /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488192960168109.
Повний текст джерела
9
Batniji, Rajaie. "Beyond contagion : Explaning international cooperation on health." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530017.
Повний текст джерела
10
Yapsan, Hikmet. "International Police Cooperation on Countering Transnational Terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the inception of modern police organizations, the police have been on the front lines of counter terrorism operations. The changing concept of terrorism into a more transnational nature has driven police organizations to devise new means to counter this challenge. International police cooperation on countering transnational terrorism is the product of this evolution. There have been several initiatives to build a competent and effective international police cooperation organization to fight against transnational terrorism, and new ones are steadily proposed by different stakeholders in the international arena. Without understanding what makes an international police cooperation organization effective in countering transnational terrorism, these initiatives will only yield to further duplication of efforts, waste of resources, and a steep decrease in the overall performance of those organizations. This project analyzes four international police cooperation organizations using the level of structural relations within the organization and geographic proximity as the independent variables. The cases are evaluated based on the performance of these organizations in achieving three organizational functions information exchange, ad hoc assistance and capacity building, and policy coordination and contracting.
11
Hooper, L. "International cooperation : A role for institutional mechanisms." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381237.
Повний текст джерела
12
Lima, Susana Maria Peixoto Godinho. "International cooperation for development in tourism destinations." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doutoramento em TurismoThe main goal of this thesis is to propose a conceptual theoretical model of critical success factors of International Development Cooperation programmes that are based in knowledge transfer approaches in the context of tourism development. The research was structured around three main theoretical pillars: international development cooperation (IDC), tourism as a tool for development, and knowledge transfer (KT). By exploring these pillars´ main interrelations, it was possible to gather the necessary background to develop the theoretical model and apply it to a real context. It was adopted a qualitative research approach using as a case study an IDC programme in tourism - the UNWTO.Volunteers programme. The key contribution of this thesis in the theoretical realm is the bridging of fields of study that are insufficiently covered in the scientific literature. The resulting model proposal applied to a real context of an IDC programme implementation permitted to test it partially providing useful insights for future research. It is postulated that IDC programmes in these contexts constitute a process rather than an end in itself. Therefore, they should be seen as a way of changing the state of the art of the tourism system in a sustainable manner so that it potentially generates positive development changes. This study suggested that it is not possible to achieve positive results if, instead of encouraging a KT and learning environment, it is simply disseminated knowledge in a linear, static, north-south approach. The characteristics of these interventions should be reviewed in that it was found that it is very difficult to guarantee the maintenance of the development changes induced by them if it is not safeguarded the necessary conditions and accountability to implement the recommended actions. While it was perceived a great potential for development changes to be induced by some IDC programmes in tourism destinations, it was concluded that these processes are too much dependent on the local political systems and existing power relations, as well as on the level of tourism development of the destination. However, more research is needed to examine the ability to generalise the findings to other IDC programmes and different destinations of developing countries.
O objectivo principal desta tese é desenvolver um modelo conceptual sobre os factores críticos de sucesso dos programas de turismo e cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento que se baseiam na transferência de conhecimento. O modelo teórico proposto procura preencher uma lacuna na literatura científica relativamente ao turismo e à cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento e o papel da transferência de conhecimento como um meio para induzir alterações positivas em termos de desenvolvimento humano. Foi desenvolvida uma abordagem de investigação qualitativa através de um estudo de caso do programa UNWTO.Volunteers. O principal contributo teórico desta tese é estabelecer uma ponte entre vários campos de investigação que não estão suficientemente estudados na literatura científica de forma integrada - transferência de conhecimento, turismo e a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Com o modelo teórico proposto pretende-se contribuir para a investigação futura, tendo este sido aplicado e testado parcialmente no contexto real da implementação de um programa de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Este estudo sugere que não é possível obter resultados satisfatórios nestes programas se, em vez de potenciar a transferência de conhecimento e a criação de um ambiente propício à partilha de conhecimento, forem adotadas abordagens estáticas e lineares Norte-Sul. O estudo sugere que as características destes projectos de desenvolvimento devem ser revistas no sentido em que se torna difícil garantir que as alterações induzidas inicialmente pelos programas perdurem no tempo depois daqueles terminarem. O estudo tornou evidente que existe um grande potencial para uma efetiva transferência de conhecimento que contribua para a melhoria das condições de vida e do desenvolvimento dos destinos intervencionados, mas que os mesmos estão demasiadamente dependentes dos sistemas políticos locais e das relações de poder existentes, assim como do seu nível do desenvolvimento turístico. É necessário desenvolver mais investigação para analisar outros programas em diferentes contextos de aplicação para que se possam generalizar os resultados para outros programas de cooperação de destinos de países em desenvolvimento.
13
Al-Ghoul, Salah Obaid. "Aspects of international cooperation in criminal matters." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535177.
Повний текст джерела
14
Salm, Adriane Marie. "Inter-institutional agreements for academic international cooperation." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102708.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura CorrespondenteMade available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T01:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 222143.pdf: 1289493 bytes, checksum: 1482844e9d0d903b4493674e16111077 (MD5)
The Scientific and Technological Agreements for International Cooperation (STAICs) between higher education institutions, and/or technical educational institutions and/or business institutions is part of the discourse of higher education, and constitutes an element of strategic importance in the process of the internationalization of higher education. However, there is little information about the relation between the language used in the academic agreements and the practices they represent. In order to contribute to this area of research, ten (10) STAICs between 5 Brazilian Higher education institutions and 7 foreign education institutions were analyzed in order to make a description of textual and contextual elements of this particular discourse. Regarding their configuration as a text, the STAICs were investigated in terms of their generic structure potential. Transitivity choices and instances of modality were analyzed in order to look at, respectively, the representation of the universities in relation to the roles prescribed to them and their level of commitment towards those roles. Regarding contextual concerns, the STAICs were analyzed in terms of the power relations considering the performance of the participating universities in the enactment of those roles. The analysis draws on genre analysis (Hasan, 1985a, 1994, 2004), other genre studies (Meurer, 1998, 2002), Halliday#s (1994; Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) Systemic Functional Grammar, notions from Giddens# (1979, 1984) Structuration Theory and the Law of the Subsidiary Character of the Scientific Production from Ramos# (1965) Theory of Sociological Reduction. Results have provided linguistic grounds to characterize this discourse as a type of promotional discourse as well as to show hidden evidence of power relations between its discourse participants. iv The results are expected to contribute as support for the fields of EFL teaching, Applied linguistics, Discourse Analysis including ESP and Business English, and Social Sciences.
15
Klykova, Ekaterina. "Security in International Relations: International cooperation to prevent non-states threats." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis is focusing on the analysis of the situation in Syria in the period since 2011 till present times. First part will present main theoretical thoughts on the international security such as Realist school, Liberalist school, Human and Collective security concepts and the most modern theoretical school of security- Copenhagen school. That was done in case to have a clear notion of the international security development and to chose the one theory which will reflect the best the situation in Syria. In the practical part I analyzing the actions and inter actions of the main international security actors, such as United Nations plus important actors in the region of the Middle East -- Arab League, and of course Syrian government and opposition. Also I will try to apply Copenhagen school of Security on the Syrian situation and to find out if that theory is good or not for that kind of analysis. After browsing actions taken by actors and opposition in the conclusion I found out that nowadays international security system cannot be called very successful and that Copenhagen school of Security its good explanatory theory but it pretty useless in case of conflict resolution.
16
Yi, Seong-Woo. "Domestic Influences for Interstate Cooperation: Do Domestic Conditions Affect the Occurrence of Cooperative Events in Democratic Regimes?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4558/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research addressed two main issues that have become evident in studies of interstate cooperation. The first issue has to do with the relationship between cooperation and conflict. Can they be represented on a single, uni-dimensional continuum, or are they better represented by two theoretically and empirically separable dimensions? Granger causality tests were able to clarify the nature of cooperative events. The second issue is related to factors that might facilitate or discourage cooperation with other countries as a foreign policy tool. Factors used to explain cooperation and conflict include domestic variables, which have not been fully accounted for in previous empirical analyses. It is hypothesized that economic variables, such as inflation rates, GDP, and manufacturing production indices affect the likelihood of cooperative event occurrences. The effect of political dynamics, such as electoral cycles, support rates and national capability status, can also affect the possibility of cooperative foreign policies. The domestic factors in panel data was tested with Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) in order to take care of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelations in residuals. The individual case analysis used linear time series analysis.
17
Arslan, Selin. "Women Trafficking In Turkey: International Cooperation And Intervention." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608051/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT
WOMEN TRAFFICKING IN TURKEY: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND INTERVENTION
Arslan, Selin
MS., Department of Gender and Women&rsquos Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Yusuf Ziya Ö
zcan December, 2006, 217 pages. This study has focused on analyzing the women trafficking in Turkey and the international cooperation and interventions which Turkey has done in years between 2004 and 2006. While mentioning efforts on combating human trafficking and international cooperation and interventions, the support of International Organization for Migration (IOM), the leading intergovernmental organization working against trafficking, which Turkey became member in 2004, should be mentioned as well. This study is trying to show the efforts of Turkey in the situation of combating with an organized crime, a gross human rights violation-especially after becoming member of the International Organization for Migration. Before discussing the situation and efforts in Turkey on counter trafficking the realization of women&rsquo
s rights the emergence of the women&rsquo
s discourse within the international arena and the international debate on trafficking especially after the Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP) have been introduced and discussed in detail. Such a beginning facilitated conceptualization of (1) the evolution of the emergence of conscious on trafficking crime in the international arena (2) the sprout of the idea and perception of &ldquo
combating trafficking crime&rdquo
in Turkish society and (3) the transformation of the Turkish context related to trafficking issues in the light of discussions emerged by the support of IOM Turkey.
18
Alkhunaizi, Kusay Abdulmohsin A. "International portfolio diversification in the gulf cooperation countries." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the debate on gains from International Portfolio Diversification (IPD) points to the attractiveness of emerging intemational financial markets to industrial markets investors primarily due to low correlations, no evidence exists on gains from IPD in the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) financial markets. This PhD dissertation aims at understandmg the behaviour, dynamics, and the potential for gains from IPD in the GCC financial markets from a USA investor's perspective over low and high oil prices periods.
19
Sezgin, Erkan. "A Comparative Perspective of International Cooperation against Terrorism." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1185301559.
Повний текст джерела
20
Choi, Yunmi. "UN-EU cooperation in international peace and security : the driving force behind peacekeeping cooperation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9720.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, cooperation between the UN and the EU in the realm of international peacekeeping has gone through major changes, including the remarkable achievement of a ‘Joint Declaration on UN-EU Cooperation in Crisis Management’ through which both organisations promised their primary role and responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Although the EU has reiterated its commitment to play a decisive role as a reliable peacekeeping actor within the UN framework, the decision of the EU to not always engage in international peacekeeping operations alongside the UN is puzzling. The aim of this dissertation is to examine the major driving forces behind decision-making which may determine the likelihood of EU cooperation with the UN in international peacekeeping, by asking: ‘under what condition do EU Member States lead UN-related peacekeeping operations?’ Using a revised two-level game approach, this thesis identifies the most important chief negotiators involved in negotiations, and analyses the dynamics of decision-making between the UN and the EU on the issue of international peacekeeping at two different levels: international UN level and domestic EU level. Variables and conditions under which chief negotiator(s) are more likely to provide active leadership to drive the EU to decide to engage in a peacekeeping operation are investigated with insights from two prominent IR theories; realist and social constructivist theories. Hypotheses drawn from each theory and the roles of chief negotiators are examined in each of three cases selected: Operation Artemis (2003), EUFOR RD Congo (2006), and EUFOR Tchad/RCA (2007). With the key research outcomes from a comparative analysis of the three case studies, the thesis aims to contribute to comprehensive debates on the role of the EU as a promising partner of the UN in international peacekeeping.
21
Rafferty, Kirsten. "Alliances as institutions : persistence and disintegration in security cooperation." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37818.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the end of the Cold War, the central puzzle of alliance theory is no longer why or how do alliances form, but (1) why do some alliances persist beyond the conditions in which they were created and (2) of these, why do some evolve in new directions ? Traditional realist scholarship cannot account for the persistence or evolution of military alliances when threats recede. This dissertation devises a model of alliance institutionalization and norm formation to explain and predict these processes.When multidimensional threats exist, states facing a common threat ally, but they formalize and institutionalize the alliance so it can better manage multiple threats. Institutionalization encourages conditions conducive to persistence and evolution in two ways. First, by facilitating consultation and cooperation, it increases transparency, improves the performance of the alliance, and makes it costly for allies to renounce commitments or otherwise abandon one another. Second, institutions foster norms that in turn induce a form of attachment, or "loyalty" to the institution.
The strength of the norms embodied in the alliance and the allies' assessment of performance determine the behavior of institutionalized alliances. The alliance persists unaltered when performance is satisfactory, but norms are weak. It evolves, or expands its purpose and activities, when satisfactory performance combines with strong constitutive norms. Erosion occurs when strong norms encourage allies to salvage a poorly functioning alliance by curtailing its scope. Dissolution takes place when unsatisfactory performance and weak norms fail to prevent exit.
The most significant findings of this dissertation are that given institutionalization and norms, states do not exit an alliance immediately following a significant alteration in the strategic context or a decline in performance, but they try to preserve it. Only when these efforts fail will they curtail or dissolve the relationship. The dissertation tests the model by engaging in a comparative analysis of Cold War institutionalized alliances: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Warsaw Pact, the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, and the Australia, New Zealand, and U.S. alliance. Therefore, policy makers should not assume that evolving institutionalized alliances are adversarial or rush to respond with destabilizing counter alliances and, to minimize the possibility of conflict, allies engaging in evolution must clearly communicate their objectives to non-participants.
22
McKenzie, Michael John. "Rethinking International Cooperation: Crime, Policy and Politics in Australia-Indonesia Relations." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scholars have long puzzled over the conditions that promote cooperation between nation-states. This thesis develops a new approach to the puzzle by examining the practice of international cooperation through a socio-legal lens. It is grounded in a qualitative case study of the criminal justice relationship between Australia and Indonesia, focusing on three areas: police cooperation, extradition arrangements, and cooperation relating to detained nationals. The thesis asks: what are the conditions that promote crime cooperation between Australia and Indonesia? Beneath this overarching question, it poses the following sub-questions: What drives the cooperation? How do different actors influence the cooperation? What determines the scope for cooperation? The thesis frames these questions socio-legally by situating the cooperative relationship within transnational legal orders (TLOs) that regulate terrorism and other transnational crimes. The TLO framework has several advantages over existing approaches to studying international cooperation. First, rather than privileging the state as an actor, the framework attends to the multiplicity of actors above and below the state who shape cooperative initiatives. Second, rather than focusing on political dynamics, it also highlights the significance of law and policy in the practice of international cooperation. Third, it embraces the inherent complexity of this practice by integrating various empirical and theoretical perspectives into its analysis. To provide a rich empirical picture of the criminal justice relationship between Australia and Indonesia, the thesis relies on interviews with over 100 current and former participants in the relationship, and extensive archival material, including media reporting and government records. To make sense of this data within the TLO framework, the thesis draws on theories relating to the construction of transnational problems (securitisation), the interplay of domestic and international politics (two-level games), the operation of international police networks (bureaucratic autonomy and culture), and the scope for international cooperation (reciprocity). It also incorporates insights from regulatory studies. Based on this analysis, the thesis argues that there is a structural tension between political and policy interests at the heart of the cooperative relationship. It further argues that cooperation is more likely to occur when these interests are in balance, and that law is a critical institution in enabling this balance to be struck. To conclude, the thesis brings the key findings of the study together to propose a model of the cooperative relationship. It also considers whether the findings could be generalised and their practical implications.
23
Ricci, James Benjamin. "The State, International Society, and Infectious Diseases : Emerging security threats and international cooperation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504663.
Повний текст джерела
24
Marques, Silvio Antonio. "La coopération juridique franco-brésilienne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis la fin du XXème siècle, le nombre d'enquêtes et de procédures judiciaires civiles et criminelles internationales a considérablement augmenté à cause de la mondialisation de l'économie et de la facilité de transport de personnes et de biens. Toutefois, les normes de coopération juridique internationale, y compris celles existantes entre la France et le Brésil, n'ont pas accompagné cette évolution. En réalité, l'assistance juridique internationale a toujours faiblement fonctionné à cause, notamment, de la défense rigoureuse de la souveraineté étatique, de l'absence de confiance mutuelle et de coordination entre les pays. La distribution de pouvoirs dans la communauté internationale est faite horizontalement, de sorte que les normes d'assistance entre les États sont marquées par la décentralisation et le particularisme. Dans la plupart des régions du monde, l'accomplissement des demandes d'entraide judiciaire est lent et bureaucratisé, en dépit de la signature de nombreux traités bilatéraux et de conventions régionales et mondiales. L'extradition est encore réalisée presque selon la même formule inventée par les égyptiens et les hittites en 1280 av. J.-C .. La commission rogatoire, dont les racines se retrouvent dans les systèmes de la litterœ publicœ romaine et de la lettre de pareatis française, est encore le principal outil d'entraide civile et pénale. Quelques normes qui peuvent être classées comme de première génération prévoient encore l'utilisation de la voie diplomatique indirecte. Les règles de deuxième génération, créées, notamment, à partir de la fin du XXème siècle, ont amélioré la transmission de demandes, à travers les autorités centrales, mais ne résolvent pas tous les problèmes. En fait, seules les normes de l'Union européenne sont véritablement de troisième génération, parce qu'elles privilégient l'envoi direct de demandes d'entraide civile et pénale, la rapide exécution du mandat d'arrêt européen et l'accomplissement d'une grande quantité de jugements civils sans exequatur ou autre procédure intermédiaire. Les normes de coopération juridique franco-brésiliennes, qui découlent des conventions signées en 1996, sont aujourd'hui dépassées et anachroniques. Les règles de droit interne des deux pays qui visent l'assistance internationale sont franchement plus généreuses et plus efficaces que les règles d'origine conventionnelle. L'élaboration de nouvelles conventions surgit ainsi comme une solution envisageable, malgré les énormes défis politiques et juridiques. Évidemment, les conventions éventuellement parrainées par les Nations Unies ou par la Conférence de La Haye qui traitent de la coopération juridique directe semblent plus appropriées à une résolution plus ample des principales questions. Mais rien n'empêche la conclusion de textes régionaux, inter-régionaux ou même bilatéraux, mais leur étendue serait plus restreinteSince the end of the twentieth century, the number of international investigations and legal proceedings in civil and criminal matters has grown considerably due to the globalization of the economy and the ease of transportation of people and goods. Nevertheless, the international legal cooperation rules and regulations, including those between France and Brazil, have not kept up with this evolution. In fact, the international legal cooperation has always been flawed, mostly as a result of the rigorous defense of state sovereignty and the lack of mutual trust and coordination among countries. The authority distribution in the international community is made horizontally, thus the norms of assistance among States are marked by decentralization and particularism. In most regions of the world, the enforcement of legal cooperation claims is slow and bureaucratized, despite numerous treaties and bilateral, regional or international conventions. Extradition is still carried out in accordance with practically the same formula invented by the Egyptians and Hittites in 1280 B.C .. The letter of request, which springs from the Roman litterœ publicœ and the French lettre de pareatis, is still the major tool of civil and criminal legal cooperation. Some standards, regarded as first-generation, stipulate the use of indirect diplomatic ways. The second-generation norms established mostly at the end of the twentieth century have improved the transmission of demands through central authorit1es but have not solved all the problems. In fact, only the European Union norms are truly third-generation, since they favor the straight submission of civil and criminal legal cooperation claims, the swift execution of the European arrest warrant and the execution of a large number of civil judgments, with no exequatur or any other intermediate procedure. The French-Brazilian legal cooperation rules, which stem from conventions signed in 1996, are outdated and anachronistic. The rules of internal law of the countries that pursue international cooperation are utterly more generous and effective than those of conventional origin. The elaboration of new conventions thus arises as a significant solution, despite the enormous political and juridical challenges. Naturally, prospective conventions sponsored by the United Nations or by The Hague Convention concerning: direct legal cooperation seem more suitable to a comprehensive solution of the main issues. However, nothing precludes the conclusion of regional, interregional and bilateral texts, even though these will have a smaller reach
25
Collins, Aron Shawn. "Conflict and Cooperation: Self-Interest Versus Other-Interest?" W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625683.
Повний текст джерела
26
Gray, Glenn Thomas. "International cooperation in the Alaska-British Columbia-Yukon Region." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary purpose of this thesis is to investigate transboundary cooperation in the Alaska-British Columbia-Yukon Region (ABCY Region). The study focuses on political relations about environmental and natural resource issues. It is argued that there are more appropriate means for cooperative planning in the transborder region than presently employed. Current relations between the three jurisdictions will be evaluated followed by recommendations for improving them.
Government cooperation occurs through a complex network of federal, sub-national, regional and local channels. International conflicts in the region have occurred throughout recorded history but means addressing them have changed throughout time. Despite some persistent problems, Alaska-Canadian relations are for the most part amicable.
The federal governments have historically had a major presence in Alaska and the Yukon while B.C. manages most of its land. Resource economies of all three jurisdictions follow cycles of booms and busts. Subsistence hunting and fishing and government payments help soften the busts. Access, distances to markets, power shortages, and poor resource markets provide substantial economic dilemmas.
International institutions have been developed for a wide spectrum of issues yet few of them are capable of addressing the relationships between resource sectors. Three notable institutions have been used to address
multi-sector issues: the Trialteral-Heads-of-Government (THOG) meetings, legislative exchanges, and meetings between Juneau and Whitehorse. Institutions for cooperation are generally Insufficient, they are short-lived, and cooperation occurs on an ad hoc basis.
Because most of the region is undeveloped, an excellent opportunity exists to design institutions capable of anticipating and mitigating future environmental and land use problems early on. It is recommended that a proactive, integrated approach involving regional and local interests be instituted. Relations need to be structured enough to encourage regular interaction yet flexible enough to respond to change.
The relationship could be strengthened by augmenting existing institutions and creating a few new ones. It is recommended that general guidelines for cooperation be developed. Annual THOG meetings should be supplemented by meetings of a coordinating committee and sectoral subcommittees. Communication between on-the-ground managers should be encouraged. Conflict resolution procedures should also be considered to assure timely response to problems. A major recommendation of this thesis is the creation of international regional conferences. These meetings would provide a foundation for future negotiations about the major issues in each of five sub-regions along the border.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Milinic, Djapo Gordana. "Outer space activities, international cooperation and the developing countries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ44068.pdf.
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Bonova, Lucia. "The international merger control regime : building cooperation without harmonization." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globalization has had two major implications for national merger control regimes: national competition authorities are called more and more to examine transactions with cross-border dimensions and secondly, domestic business practices may be scrutinized by foreign nations. In light of this, divergent substantive standards have become a source of international friction, notably between the two most mature merger control regimes, the European Union and the United States.Facing this new reality, it has become clear that some sort of international arrangement will be needed in order to reduce the inefficiencies created by multijurisdictional review. Various proposals have been made, ranging from ambitious ones that would include the creation of an international competition code and enforcement agency, to more realistic proposals of achieving international coordination of merger control regimes through bilateral and multilateral cooperation amongst antitrust agencies.
This thesis argues that the path of large-scale cooperation is the most appropriate way to cope with the problems raised by globalization. As such, cooperation does not imply the harmonization of merger control regimes. The future lies in the hands of the International Competition Network which, despite considerable achievements, must evolve in the near future.
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Onder, Harun. "Structure of International Cooperation in Trade, Investment and Environment." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/240.
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This dissertation analyzes the obstacles against further cooperation in international economic relations. The first essay explains the gradual nature of trade liberalization. I show that existence of asymmetric information between governments provides a sufficient reason for gradualism to exist. Governments prefer starting small to reduce the cost of partner’s betrayal when there is sufficient degree of information asymmetry regarding the partner’s type. Learning about partner’s incentive structure enhances expectations, encouraging governments to increase their current level of cooperation. Specifically, the uninformed government’s subjective belief for the trading partner being good is improved as the partner acts cooperatively. This updated belief, in turn, lowers the subjective probability of future betrayal, enabling further progress in cooperation. The second essay analyzes the relationship between two countries facing two policy dilemmas in an environment with two way goods and capital flows. When issues are independent and countries are symmetric, signing separate agreements for tariffs (Free Trade Agreements-FTA) and for taxes (Tax Treaties-TT) provides the identical level of enforcement as signing a linked agreement. However, linkage can still improve the joint welfare by transferring the slack enforcement power in a case of asymmetric issues or countries. I report non-results in two cases where the policy issues are interconnected due to technological spillover effect of FDI. Moreover, I show that linking the agreements actually reduces enforcement when agreements are linked under a limited punishment rule and policy variables are strategic substitutes. The third essay investigates the welfare/enforcement consequences of linking trade and environmental agreements. In the standard literature, linking the agreements generate non-trivial results only when there is structural relation between the issues. I focus on institutional design of the linkage and show that even if environmental aspects of international trade are negligible linking the agreements might still have some interesting welfare implications under current GATT Rules. Specifically, when traded goods are substitutes in consumption, linking the environmental agreement with trade agreement under the Withdrawal of Equivalent Concession Rule (Article XXVIII) will reduce the enforcement. However, enforcement in environmental issue increases when the same rule is implemented in the absence of linkage.
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Лапшин, Віктор Васильович, Виктор Васильевич Лапшин, Viktor Vasylovych Lapshyn, Віталій Анатолійович Омельяненко, Виталий Анатольевич Омельяненко, Vitalii Anatoliiovych Omelianenko, Наталія Олексіївна Вернидуб, Наталия Алексеевна Вернидуб, and Nataliia Oleksiivna Vernydub. "Foresight for optimization of international innovation and technological cooperation." Thesis, Wydawca «Diamond trading tour», 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44579.
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One of the most important aspects of the application of foresight in IITC is the need for a state corresponding to an integrated policy that takes into account the selected priorities of innovation development, because the main purpose of foresight is not only to forecast technological development, but also the need to take account of future trends in planning and decision-making.
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Nazarenko, Dmytro, and Danylo Vynohradov. "International cooperation in the cyber security field in Ukraine." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51000.
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1. Convention on Cybercrime [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_Cybercrime
2. Cybersecurity indicators [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ncsi.ega.ee/country/ua/495/#detailsCybersecurity is a priority topic for all states and Ukraine is no exception. With the development of technology, the number of cybercrimes has increased, according to experts, over the past few years, the total losses from cyberattacks were $ 4 trillion. The priority issue is the creation of a solid security system for the transfer, processing and storage of data between countries of the world.
Кібербезпека є пріоритетною темою для всіх держав, і Україна не є винятком. З розвитком технологій кількість кіберзлочинів зросла, за оцінками експертів, за останні кілька років загальні збитки від кібератак склали 4 трлн дол. Пріоритетним питанням є створення надійної системи безпеки для передачі, обробки та зберігання даних між країнами світу.
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Powers, Kathleen E. "Beyond Identity: Social Relations for International Conflict and Cooperation." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436885537.
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Ito, Takako Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "International regime theory and security cooperation in East Asia." Ottawa, 1988.
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Minnella, Carlotta. "Imperfect socialisers : international institutions in multilateral counter-terrorist cooperation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1d13bdc-56a2-4cc1-9919-dfda38a95604.
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This thesis examines the effects of cooperation within multilateral counter-terrorist fora on the process of preference formation of a selected group of Western countries: the United States, the United Kingdom and Italy. The analysis focuses on the global counter-terrorist regime, a set of complex and multifaceted institutional arrangements, which were developed in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks in order to harmonise state counter-terrorist responses worldwide. The study looks at three sets of formal international institutions within the regime: the United Nations, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the European Union. It also selects a sample of three issue areas in multilateral counter-terrorist cooperation: counter-radicalisation policies, the inclusion of human rights safeguards within the main counter-terrorist sanctions provisions, and counter-terrorist financing standards. The thesis identifies as the visible symptom of institutional effects the progressive convergence of policy outputs at member state level, and proceeds with an exploration of the processes of regime creation, evolution, reform, and participation on the part of the three country case studies. The analysis reveals that the instances of pro-institution behaviour displayed by state actors are occasioned by image-related group-pressures, triggered by considerations of the maximisation of status markers and social praise, and the related avoidance of shame and social devaluation. The thesis labels this process social influence. The study further outlines the specific conditions under which interaction within a group can activate the social influence phenomenon and identifies the main triggers of state actors’ particular sensitivity to image and shame.
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Madsen, Scott E. "An examination of three approaches to the study of the politics of interdependence." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020352/.
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Febrica, Senia. "Explaining Indonesia's participation in maritime security cooperation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5429/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia’s cooperation in maritime security initiatives is vitally important because half of the world’s trading goods and oil pass through Indonesian waters including the Straits of Malacca, the Strait of Sunda and the Strait of Lombok. Consequently, Indonesia’s active engagement in maritime cooperation is a matter of some import for the international community. However, Indonesia’s varying participation across maritime cooperation arrangements is puzzling. Indonesia has joined some of these cooperation initiatives and opted out of others despite the presence of United States leadership. This thesis addresses this puzzle by carrying out a comparative analysis of 26 cooperation arrangements using government documents and elite interviews in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and New York. In addition to addressing an empirical puzzle, this thesis also contributes to the theoretical debate on international cooperation. The International Relations literature on cooperation tends to focus on great power bargaining. Whether, why and how middle powers decide to join international initiatives over which they have little influence has been overlooked. The implication of this study suggests that neither the calculation of relative gains as argued by neorealists, the constructivist expectation regarding the importance of shared identity, the neorealist or the neoliberal argument on the role of hegemonic leadership nor the bureaucratic politics approach emphasis on competing government actors’ preferences can explain the variation in Indonesia’s engagement with cooperation initiatives. I argue that Indonesia’s decision to cooperate is formed by the calculation of absolute gains. Indonesia cooperated as long as the benefits of cooperation exceeded the costs.
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Xu, Yi Hua. "Power, interest, value and state's non-compliance with international regimes." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335242.
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Ozeren, Suleyman. "Global response to cyberterrorism and cybercrime: A matrix for international cooperation and vulnerability assessment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4847/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyberterrorism and cybercrime present new challenges for law enforcement and policy makers. Due to its transnational nature, a real and sound response to such a threat requires international cooperation involving participation of all concerned parties in the international community. However, vulnerability emerges from increased reliance on technology, lack of legal measures, and lack of cooperation at the national and international level represents real obstacle toward effective response to these threats. In sum, lack of global consensus in terms of responding to cyberterrorism and cybercrime is the general problem. Terrorists and cyber criminals will exploit vulnerabilities, including technical, legal, political, and cultural. Such a broad range of vulnerabilities can be dealt with by comprehensive cooperation which requires efforts both at the national and international level. "Vulnerability-Comprehensive Cooperation-Freedom Scale" or "Ozeren Scale" identified variables that constructed the scale based on the expert opinions. Also, the study presented typology of cyberterrorism, which involves three general classifications of cyberterrorism; Disruptive and destructive information attacks, Facilitation of technology to support the ideology, and Communication, Fund raising, Recruitment, Propaganda (C-F-R-P). Such a typology is expected to help those who are in a position of decision-making and investigating activities as well as academicians in the area of terrorism. The matrix for international cooperation and vulnerability assessment is expected to be used as a model for global response to cyberterrorism and cybercrime.
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Molin, Filippo <1995>. "Epidemic diseases: between cooperation and competition The evolution of the international sanitary cooperation and new challenges." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20718.
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L’elaborato analizza le origini e l’evoluzione della cooperazione sanitaria internazionale come risposta alla lotta contro le malattie infettive. Per meglio capire le complesse relazioni tra malattie infettive, cooperazione sanitaria, diplomazia e commercio è necessario capire il contesto storico in cui queste relazioni si sono sviluppate. Partendo dall'età moderna, questo studio analizza la nascita dell'idea che una risposta internazionale è desiderabile per affrontare crisi sanitarie a carattere epidemico, e come quest'ultima si sia sviluppata fino ad oggi. Per raggiungere lo scopo prefissato, la prima parte della tesi si concentra sulla definizione di termini chiave legati alle epidemie del passato il cui significato si è evoluto nel corso dei secoli, a cui segue un’analisi storica delle principali teorie legate alla diffusione delle malattie e come quest’ultime venivano considerate. Successivamente, viene presa in considerazione l’introduzione del vaiolo nel continente americano, gli effetti demografici sulla popolazione locale, le misure di contenimento adottate e il suo uso come strumento bellico. Lo studio procede prendendo in esame le reti d’informazione in epoca moderna, tra notizie vere e notizie false. Seguono le politiche sanitarie della Repubblica di Venezia ed il loro ruolo come modello internazionale, usate non solo come strumento di tutela della salute pubblica ma anche come strumento di politica estera. Viene poi esplorato il network delle stazioni di quarantena e le patenti di sanità ed in che modo hanno contribuito a mantenere attivi gli scambi commerciali. Viene inoltre trattato l’importante passo verso una maggiore globalizzazione della lotta contro le malattie infettive dato delle numerose campagne di vaccinazione transnazionale fino a raggiungere la prima pietra miliare della cooperazione sanitaria: la Conferenza di Parigi del 1851 a cui fanno seguito le successive conferenze sanitarie. La parte finale dell’elaborato si concentra su eventi più recenti con particolare attenzione al periodo della guerra fredda con la campagna vaccinale contro il vaiolo, portata avanti con sforzo congiunto tra Stati Uniti e Unione Sovietica nonostante le tensioni geopolitiche. Tuttavia, viene discussa anche la campagna di disinformazione sovietica degli anni ’80 sull’HIV. La tesi prosegue con le origini e lo sviluppo dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità e il programma COVAX contro il COVID-19. L’elaborato si conclude con una riflessione sul futuro della cooperazione sanitaria internazionale e i possibili pericoli che quest’ultima potrebbe essere chiamata ad affrontare: la minaccia del bioterrorismo e le nuove malattie infettive dovute al salto di specie e al cambio climatico.
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Kersting, Jan [Verfasser]. "Stability of cooperation in the international climate negotiations - An analysis using cooperative game theory / Jan Kersting." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2017. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
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Potter, Philip Barton Key. "Soft interdependence and international conflict." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1970606971&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Amilien, Caroline. "Droit international et gestion durable des forêts tropicales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32004.
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La cooperation internationale en matiere de gestion des forets tropicales se heurte a deux obstacles. D'une part, le principe de souverainete sur les ressources naturelles, exacerbe par l'importance economique des produits ligneux, a ralenti l'evolution des normes juridiques internationales en matiere de gestion forestiere. A ce jour, les propositions de convention sur la gestion, l'exploitation et la conservation des forets ont echappe, et les conventions internationales s'appliquant de facon indirecte ou sectorielle aux forets tropicales sont de portee limitee. C'est egalement la souverainete sur les ressources naturelles qui explique l'enthousiasme des etats a l'egard de la soft-law dont la souplesse menage les susceptibilites etatiques. Les programmes d'action, tels que le programme d'action forestier tropical, ainsi que les instruments declaratoires sont nombreux, alors que les principes juridiques contraignants demeurent rares et extremement flous. D'autre part, l'effectvite des instruments internationaux sur la conservation des forets tropicales a ete reduite par une conception du developpement exemple de toute reference a la protection de l'environnement. Depuis 1972, l'interdependance entre l'environnement et le developpement penetre les organisations internationales a vocation economique et commerciale, ainsi que les institutions financieres internationales. Toutefois, les reformes entreprises sont souvent imparfaites ou incompletes, et les contradictions entre les politiques internationales demeurent nombreuses. L'harmonisation des instruments internationaux et une etroite collaboration entre les organisations internationales s'averent primordiales dans la perspective d'un systeme international coherent et effectif pour la gestion durable des forets tropicalesInternational cooperation for sustainable management of tropical forests faces two obstacles. On the one hand, because of the principle of sovereignty over natural resources, international rules regarding forest management evolve slowly. To date, proposals for a convention on global forest have failed. Other conventions indirectly or sectorally applying to tropical forests are weak. Sovereignty over natural resources also explains enthousiasm for soft-law, which is adaptable. Programs, such as the tropical forestry action program, and statements are numerous, while binding principles are few and vague. On the other hand, the effectiveness of international instruments related to tropical forest conservation has been limited by development and trade policies. Since 1972, interdependence between environment and development is increasingly recognized by economic and financial institutions. However, reforms are often insufficient or uncomplete. In addition, conflicts among existing international policies remain numerous. Harmonization among international instruments, and collaboration among international organizations are required to reach a coherent and effective international system promoting tropical forest sustainable management
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Durmaz, Huseyin. "International police cooperation as a response to transnational organized crime in Europe: Improvements in extradition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4883/.
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International criminality has been a challenging phenomenon for national police forces for years. States have developed international police cooperation relations and extradition instruments in order to fight international criminal activity. This treatise explores the reasons for the rise in transnational organized crime activities in Europe and presents an in-depth explanation concerning the emergence, mandates, and structures of multilateral police collaboration systems such as Interpol, Trevi, Schengen, and Europol. Since the extradition has become an inseparable part of international policing, this study examines the improvements in extradition procedure and emphasizes the importance of extradition. Finally this study compares traditional (European Convention on Extradition of 1957) and new (European Arrest Warrant) extradition systems.
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Lewis, Olivier Rémy Tristan David. "Explaining military, law enforcement and intelligence cooperation between Western states." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16419.
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This thesis answers the question “Why does security cooperation occur between Western states?”. The basic answer is: “Because most state actors do not want their states to integrate”. In other words, cooperation occurs as a coping mechanism, as an imperfect substitute for integration. But the thesis does not only investigate the reasons for cooperation, what Aristotle called the final cause. The thesis also examines the material, formal and efficient causes of cooperation. Such an unorthodox causal explanation of cooperation is based on a Critical Realist philosophy of social science. The application of this philosophy to the empirical study of International Relation is rare, making this thesis original. Beyond the philosophy of social science, the thesis' research design, many of the cases, and much of the data are also rarely used. The research design is an embedded multiple-case study. The states studied are the United States of America, France and Luxembourg. Within each state, the embedded subcases are three types of state security organisations: the armed forces, law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Rarely have these three types of security organisations been compared. Similarly, Luxembourg is seldom studied. Comparing different types of states and different types of state security organisations has not only allowed the main research question to be answered. It has also allowed temporal, spatial, national, and functional variation in cooperation to be identified and theorised. The empirical evidence studied includes participant observation (at the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) and documents (e.g. state policy documents, annual reports by organisations, reports by parliaments and non-governmental organisations, autobiographies, books by investigative journalists, articles by newspapers and magazines). The thesis is also based on a score of elite interviews (e.g. with ambassadors, diplomatic liaisons, ministerial advisors, foreign ministry officers, military commanders, etc.), and the careful study of both declassified and classified archival records.
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Pennell, Jennifer Lyn. "State Cooperation on Regulatory Policies for Transboundary Environmental Issues." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4937.
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This research analyzes three contributing factors, perception, knowledge, and affordability, in order to estimate the likelihood of state cooperation on effective regulatory policies for transboundary environmental problems. The correlative hypothesis in this research postulates that states are more likely to support environmental regulatory policies when the issue is perceived by policymakers as serious, substantiated by a high level of knowledge, and affordable for the state. Regulatory policies for transboundary environmental issues require policymakers to act in foresight, employ precautionary measures, and cooperate. Cooperation implies that states will coordinate their policies and eschew their dominant strategy of independent decision making. However, this research contends that states decide to cooperate because they perceive the strategic interaction to be beneficial. Thus, the theory of cooperation in this research is consistent with realist assumptions of rational egoism.
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Basedow, Johann. "The European Union's international investment policy : explaining intensifying Member State cooperation in international investment regulation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3198/.
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The thesis seeks to explain the emergence of the EU’s international investment policy since the 1980s. Building on theories of European Integration, it tests two ex ante hypotheses. Hypothesis H1 builds on supranational thinking and stipulates that the Commission acted as policy entrepreneur and pushed for the communitarisation of international investment policy-making. Hypothesis H2 builds on liberal intergovernmental thinking and stipulates that European business successfully lobbied the Member States for a communitarisation of international investment policy-making in order to ensure access to competitive state-of-the-art international investment agreements. To assess the validity of these hypotheses, the thesis traces throughout history and examines policy-making instances, which decisively shaped the EU’s de facto and legal competences in international investment policy since the 1980s. It examines the EU’s involvement in investment-related negotiations during the Uruguay Round, on the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), on the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) and on Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Mexico and Chile. It, moreover, analyses EU-internal debates on the EU’s legal competences in international investment regulation in the context of intergovernmental conferences on Treaty revisions and legal proceedings before the European Court of Justice. The joined analysis of international and EU-internal negotiations suggests that supranational thinking and Commission entrepreneurship best describe the integration process leading to the emergence of the EU’s international investment policy. The Commission acted as resourceful policy entrepreneur and used agenda setting, invoked the evolving trade agenda, fringe, implied and de facto competences, strategically used different international negotiating fora and legal review in order to consolidate the EU’s role in international investment policy. Functional and power considerations fuelled the Commission’s policy entrepreneurship. European business, on the other hand, was hardly informed, organised and interested in international investment policy-making. It did not seek to influence European or national policy-makers. The Member States, finally, occasionally favoured cooperating in certain international negotiating fora in order to maximise their bargaining power and to reach for the best possible deals with third countries. More often, however, they sought to contain the EU’s involvement and competences in international investment policy. The thesis makes an important empirical contribution to our knowledge of EU foreign economic policy. It is the first study to comprehensively document and to explain the EU’s role in the global investment regime. It, moreover, contributes to the long-standing debate between supranational and intergovernmental accounts of European Integration. It challenges mainstream assumptions on the role of business in the international investment regime and global political economy and finally contributes to historical institutionalist research on endogenous agency-driven institutional change.
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Zilbauer, Matthias. "Determinants of international environmental cooperation does national ENGO strength foster a country's international environmental commitment? /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12168080.
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Jakušová, Eva. "Explaining state cooperation with the international criminal courts and tribunals." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27089.
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The dissertation applies an innovative interdisciplinary design to explain which conditions or combinations of conditions are causally relevant for effective state cooperation with international criminal courts and tribunals. I answered the research question by conducting two empirical analyses. The first study places states at the centre of the analysis. The literature review identified six conditions: court independence; court outreach; international interests (such as the threat of sanctions or the promise of membership of an international organisation); the proximity of suspects to the state’s political or military elite; the state’s institutionalisation of relevant law; and government stability. These conditions were divided into two groups, according to their proximity to the state. It was then possible to analyse how different constellations of court outreach and international interests interact with state level conditions (government stability, institutionalisation and proximity of suspects to elites). The qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) relies on an original dataset of 34 cases related to the cooperation of Kenya, Uganda, Serbia and Croatia cooperation with the International Criminal Court and the Yugoslav Tribunal was created. By using two-step QCA to account for the interactions of conditions, the dissertation answers the question of which tools might be used to promote cooperation. Two pathways sufficient for cooperation were identified. The results indicate that even when proximity of suspects to elites is significant, cooperation can be achieved when international pressure combines with outreach and a high level of ICL institutionalisation. The second pathway suggests that cooperation follows when suspects do not hold high-level leadership positions. Even in this situation, international pressure and outreach play a role. The second analysis, a small-n QCA of five human rights and international criminal courts, assessed whether court independence has an influence on cooperation. The results suggest that independence positively affects cooperation only in presence of a contextual factor, high degree of norm socialisation among state parties.
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Evans, Frederick Jr, and Scott McConnell. "Leveraging international cooperation acquisition opportunities for the Department of Defense." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43912.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedLeveraging current and future International Cooperation opportunities, such as Foreign Military Sales and Cooperative Programs throughout the entire Department of Defense System Acquisition Framework could contribute to and enhance the systems acquired domestically and create additional Foreign Military Sales opportunities. Historically, International Cooperation is not considered in the acquisition process until sometime around initial operational capability or full operational capability. Considering International Cooperation earlier in the acquisition process may prove beneficial to the domestic side if Department of Defense systems can be developed and acquired to accommodate our foreign partner’s interoperability requirements and releaseability restrictions. The overall outcome of this study will be to identify the various entry points in the acquisition framework for International Cooperation and how that will benefit or deter the domestic program offices system acquisition efforts. Our research and analysis will focus on examples of various levels of effort that have been required to go back and retrofit a system to make it available to Foreign Military Sales and then identify where it could have been done more efficiently if considered earlier in the framework.
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Steingass, Sebastian Dionysius. "Federating EU development cooperation? : Europe's contributions to international development effectiveness." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The European Union (EU) has long strived to act collectively in the face of international challenges such as poverty, hunger and state fragility beyond its borders. While the EU member states and institutions seek coherent responses to these challenges, they also have partly competing agendas. Yet there has been increasing agreement on collective action. To understand this agreement, this thesis asks how policy professionals contribute to the advocacy of policy norms for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states. The research analyses policy processes in EU development cooperation since the early 2000s. In development cooperation the EU's effectiveness has been particularly contested because of the combination of competing ideas about the EU's role and about how to achieve effective and sustainable development. The research finds that, while formal decisions about collective action remain in the hands of member states, transnational networks of policy professionals in the EU institutions, member state bureaucracies and civil society contribute to shaping the terms of debate regarding the EU's role in effective development cooperation. These network interactions, which form around institutional decision-making centres, transcend the organisational boundaries of member state bureaucracies, EU institutions and civil society organisations. These findings fill a gap in our understanding of how EU norms governing collective external action are advocated as existing research has tended to focus on how institutional structure facilitate state coordination. By concentrating on the cases of Germany and the United Kingdom and their engagement with the EU institutions, the research revises existing, dominant views on norm advocacy in EU external action: It links the previously little related concepts of norm advocacy and discursive networks to analyse the agency and scope of policy professionals in the advocacy of EU policy norms; and it provides new empirical insights into the role of these policy professionals for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states in development cooperation.