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1
Шонохова and E. Shonokhova. "Personnel Costs and Internal Communication." Modern Communication Studies 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2016): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes the features of personnel costs. Also different types of
costs on workers are revealed. The features of the cost of the development
of communication links within the organization are allocated. The types of
economic indicators and evaluation methods of personnel costs are identified.
2
Hajduga, Piotr, and Andrzej Łuczyszyn. "Internal security in local development policy." Biblioteka Regionalisty 2020, no. 20 (2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/br.2020.1.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In today’s social, economic, and political reality, security environment needs to have appropriate conditions for its functioning. Stabilising these conditions is becoming indispensable due to the ongoing changes in people’s economic activity manifested by new forms of management and based on new technologies. Internal security is determined by various factors and is of interest to different parties. Currently, as local communities are gaining vital importance, a large part of development initiatives is transferred to the local level. The links between internal and social security as well as local development policy, social policy, and welfare policy are becoming increasingly visible
3
Quigley, John M. "Urban Diversity and Economic Growth." Journal of Economic Perspectives 12, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.12.2.127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper considers the heterogeneity and diversity of cities as sources of economic growth. It links modern notions of economic growth to the distinguishing characteristics of cities and to the external effects on consumption and production produced by the internal diversity of urban areas. The paper reviews the role of traditional scale economies as well as the importance of diversity in economizing on shared inputs and transactions costs, and efficiencies arising from the operation of the law of large numbers in metropolitan areas. The authors also review recent empirical evidence on the importance of these elements of heterogeneity in conditioning economic growth.
4
Rosemblatt, Karin Alejandra. "Modernization, dependency, and the global in Mexican critiques of anthropology." Journal of Global History 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 94–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174002281300051x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis articles examines the links between Mexican anthropologists who – as part of a 1960s-era revolt, rejected prior anthropological approaches, which they labelled imperialist – and social science currents in the United States, Latin America, and Europe. They also took inspiration from anti-colonial movements. They spurned modernization theories that focused on the multiple economic, cultural, and psychological factors that might spur US-style capitalist economic growth and that sought to overcome the internal, national brakes on progress. Instead, they embraced dependency theories that linked the ‘internal’ (national) to the ‘external’ (global) and privileged revolutionary changes that implied a radically changed relation to the global capitalist world system. Yet dependency and modernization theories emerged within a shared intellectual space. Even as many intellectuals rejected US models of economic development, they accepted the primacy accorded to economics and technology and the notion that science was a global enterprise aimed at generating universal knowledge.
5
WANG, H., E. VAN BOVEN, A. KRISHNAKUMAR, M. HOSSEINI, H. VAN HOOFF, T. TAKEMA, N. BAKEN, and P. VAN MIEGHEM. "MULTI-WEIGHTED MONETARY TRANSACTION NETWORK." Advances in Complex Systems 14, no. 05 (October 2011): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021952591100330x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to both develop and apply advances from the field of complex networks to large economic systems and explore the (dis)similarities between economic systems and other real-world complex networks. For the first time, the nature and evolution of the Dutch economy are captured by means of a data set analysis that describes the monetary transactions among 105 economical activity clusters over the period 1987–2007. We propose to represent this data set as a multi-weighted network, called the monetary transaction network. Each node represents a unique activity cluster. Nodes are interconnected via monetary transactions. The millions of euros that traverse the links and that circulate inside each activity cluster are denoted by a link weight and a node weight respectively. By applying innovative methodologies from network theory, we observe important features of the monetary transaction network as well as its evolution: (a) Activity clusters with a large internal flow tend to cooperate with many other clusters via high volume monetary transactions. (b) Activity clusters with a lower internal transaction volume prefer to transact with fewer neighboring nodes that have a higher internal flow. (c) The node weights seem to follow a power law distribution. Surprisingly, (b) and (c) have been observed in community structures of many real-world networks as well. (d) Activity clusters tend to balance the monetary volume of their transactions with their neighbors, reflected by a positive link weight correlation around each node. This correlation becomes stronger over time while the number of links increases over time as well.
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Sirko, Stanisław, Jarosław Kozuba, and Marzena Piotrowska-Trybull. "The Military’s Links with Local Communities in the Context of Sustainable Development." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 4427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on the analysis of the military links with local communities in the context of sustainable development, in particular the social and economic aspects of development. The aim of the article is to identify and characterize the links between military units and entities in the local environment on the example of selected municipalities in Poland and to assess these links in the opinion of residents, local authorities, and soldiers. Between military units and local communities, there are relations of different nature and intensity, conditioned by internal and external factors. The military stationed on the territory of individual municipalities makes a direct and indirect contribution to building the social and economic potential of these places, as well as providing public goods in the form of the national defence. The links between the military and local communities are discussed in the source literature with reference to examples from different countries. While the scale and scope of these links vary, these impacts follow similar patterns.
7
Alçiçek, Haluk E., and Cüneyt Vatansever. "Experimental investigation of link beams with perforated web section in eccentrically braced frames." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 6 (January 17, 2022): 1268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211073637.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eccentrically braced frame (EBF) system is one of the most effective lateral loads resisting systems for steel structures. In these systems, links are designed in such a way that they yield in shear not only to provide high ductility and rigidity but also to provide a high energy dissipation capacity. In particular, as the internal forces to be considered for the design of the members outside of the links must be calculated with the amplification factor based on the yielding of the links, the magnitude of the internal forces may become so large that they may not be met by the adjacent members. Therefore, it is challenging to develop an economic design for adjacent members and connections because of the high level of design loads obtained by the amplification factor. This paper studies the effect of the perforation arrangement in the web of shear link beams in eccentrically braced frames. Both experimental and numerical investigation were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the link beam with slotted perforations in the web portion. Seven equivalent isolated link beam specimens with various slot-hole patterns were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. The results of the study indicate that using slot-holes in the web portion reduces the link shear capacity significantly. The results also show that the failure mechanism of reduced link sections was controlled by fracture at end of the slot-holes and inelastic rotation capacities were varying between 0.025 rad and 0.065 rad depending on the slot-hole patterns.
8
Gladysheva, A. V., I. N. Makhonina, and I. F. Chepurova. "STRATEGY FOR OPTIMIZING INTERNAL AUDITING FINANCIAL CONTROL OF THE COMPANY DURING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 12 (February 3, 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-12-139-145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the process of strategic transformation of the company’s internal audit as an effective form of the financial control system, which is a structurally branched set of interrelated links. The paper analyses various aspects of organization management in the context of global crisis phenomena in socio-economic and other spheres. The author proposes a set of measures to adapt the company to work during the Covid-19 pandemic impact on the economy. The study clarifies fundamentally new requirements to the content of the internal audit service specialists` functionality and the nature of their interaction with top management representatives. The paper outlines the prospects of professional development of the auditor in modern conditions.
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Loktionov, Vadim, and Elena Loktionova. "Economic and Energy Systems: Evolution of Structural Links During the Transition to a New Paradigm of Socio-Economic Development." Bulletin of Baikal State University 31, no. 3 (October 22, 2021): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(3).303-313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Complex adaptive systems, which are energy and economic systems, evolve with changes in both the external and internal environment. To form an effective state energy and economic policy, it is necessary, on the one hand, to identify the incentives that make these systems change, and on the other, to determine the trends of the changes taking place. The importance of this task is determined by the fact that without its solution, an effective state policy, consisting in stimulating positive adaptive changes and correcting undesirable changes, cannot be implemented. The purpose of the research is to identify key features of economic and energy systems and also reveal the facts that influence their further development. The use of the systematic approach allowed us to give a definition of economic and energy systems and examine the features of their functioning and development. As a result of the content analysis of publicistic and scientific literature dedicated to sustainable development, a pyramid of priorities for social and economic development was elaborated. Relevant structural changes of economic and energy systems were also revealed and main trends in the evolution of their structural ties in the transition to a new paradigm of socio-economic development were identified. The obtained results can be used for increasing effectiveness and rationality of management decisions which influence state energy and economic policy.
10
MANENKOV, S. A. "THE CLAN ASPECT OF THE SOMALI PIRATIC PROBLEM." Islam in the modern world 15, no. 2 (July 20, 2019): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2019-15-2-181-196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research paper investigates issue of infl uence clan relationships for piracy development on the Horn of Africa. Author contemplates that presence of stable internal links in Somali impedes possible external solution of the piracy problem. Therefore, the identifi cation structural interrelationships within the Somali society could be important both for understanding of the political and socio-economic situation in the region and also it will promote full understanding of internal reasons of piracy problem on the Horn of Africa.
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Копча, Юрій Юрійович. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЯК ОСНОВИ ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ЙОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 129, № 6 (13 травня 2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2018.6.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper seeks to review and substantiate specific indicators for company economic sustainability, in particular, process migration by essential indicators, adaptability of sustainability indicators mix and their drivers that affect the estimation of the degree of company economic sustainability. In the framework of functional and systemic approaches, insights on ensuring economic and financial sustainability are provided from both theoretical and practical perspectives to be used further in managerial decision making. To measure economic sustainability as the key assumptions for building the company’s economic security capacity, relevant internal and external processes have been identified which cover manufacturing, financial and labour processes, organizational behavior, competitiveness and performance efficiency that involve identification of the key elements; the selection of long-term investment and financial strategies as well as defining working capital policies and strategies for cash flow allocation; creating respective financial forecasts; building a budget strategy integrating the company's strategic goals with its functional areas (information statistics and accounting, manufacturing, marketing, personnel management, but first and foremost, with finance which is an integrative link between other areas), the implementation of a financial control system which incorporates a budget forecast into the framework of balanced scorecard indicators, thus helping to verify whether certain policies and decisions made in different structural units of the company contribute to achieving the targeted financial goals. An overall systemic competitiveness concept has been suggested which relies on consistent integration with the external environment, thus challenging not only the internal economic transformations but also triggers the transformation of economic sustainability. For a great majority of companies that seek to enhance their economic security potential, the primary objectives and priorities are to overcome internal fragmentation and to improve links between suppliers and customers, and above all increase the ability to promptly and effectively respond to demands for boosting the level of economic security potential. Based on the above, the paper offers a well-reasoned conceptual approach to identification of company economic sustainability in the framework of its economic security potential.
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Shults, Svitlana, and Lesya Kit. "Competitive advantages of interregional economic cooperation in the development of entrepreneurship networks." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 1(135) (2019): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-1-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper emphasizes the relevance of the research of network entrepreneurship structures. The role of network business structures in the development of interregional economic cooperation is explained. As far as the facilities of network business structures are located in various Ukrainian regions, they contribute to not only the establishment of interregional economic links, but also the improvement of meeting the residents’ needs for goods and services. The condition and development dynamics of the largest pharmacies networks in Ukraine are analyzed. On this basis the features of interregional distribution of their trade outlets, organizational and spatial aspects of their functioning and network links in terms of evaluation of the level of centralization, structural homogeneity and openness of networks are defined. The analysis of major financial-economic activity indicators of the leading pharmacies networks in Ukraine showed that they develop in correspondence with their capacity and development trends at the market of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine. The analysis also showed that most of networks under research have high density of internal connections, maximized centralization level, homogenous structure, and high links mobility. We can observe the tendency towards the increase of trade outlets in the networks and insufficient activity of pharmacies networks in terms of participation in joint innovative projects. The express-estimation of the functioning efficiency of six pharmacies networks, which are the leaders of national market by the number of facilities and volumes of sales, established that the company Apteka-Mahnolia (“Apteka nyzkyh tsin”) has received the strongest synergy effect by the profitability and number of newly created trade outlets. The network of pharmacies “Podorozhnyk” has the strongest synergy effect by the proceeds in the pharmacy network. The abovementioned companies use the progressive management methods that promote the efficiency of their activity. The paper outlines the competitive advantages of entrepreneurship networks development, which shall contribute to activation of interregional economic links, and emphasizes the flaws of the network form of business organization.
13
Zeldner, Alexey G., Sergey N. Silvestrov, and Vladimir S. Osipov. "Structure of State-owned Corporation’s Value Chain: Strategic Analysis." Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Management, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46486/0234-4505-2020-9-6-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relevance. The article discusses the structural and substantive aspects of state-owned corporations from the perspective of internal and external environment. The role of state-owned corporations in the Russian economy is growing more and more, individual industries are almost completely functioning on the basis of state-owned corporations, which makes a strategic analysis of such economic actors an urgent problem. The article provides a strategic analysis of the activities of state-owned corporations based on the value chain management methodology. Analysis of the external and internal environment of a state corporation allows us to conclude that despite the fact that economic actors that are legally dependent on a state-owned corporation operate on the basis of market principles, the state corporation itself, as a non-profit organization, performs the functions of the state to institutionalize relations between individual economic actors. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the institutionalizing role of state-owned corporations in relation to individual sectors of the economy. The objectives of the research are to identify trends in the development of state-owned corporations in modern Russia as agents of the state in embedding and coordinating links between economic actors in the strategic sectors of the Russian economy, as well as developing a model for the value chain of a state-owned corporation. The results of the research. Using the methodology of institutional and strategic analyses, the specific functions of state-owned corporations in coordinating inter-firm, intra-industry and inter-industry relations of economic actors in the strategic sectors of the Russian economy under the control of state-owned corporations have been identified. Despite criticism of the mechanism of manual administration of the economy, the article shows the need to establish links between economic actors by administrative methods and the establishment of legal control.
14
Vemic, Mirceta. "Spatial definition of the Danube-Morava corridor." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 85, no. 1 (2005): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0501175v.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Position of the Danube-Morava corridor in its entirety and lateral links coincides with the Trans-European Transport Corridor X One segment of the Corridor VII and one internal lateral segment are attached to the Corridor X as well. That corridor as the main geographical route, and its spatial preferences supplemented by more intensive economic and infrastructural activation, represents the principal axis of development and integration of Serbia into her neighborhood in South-East Europe.
15
Rustamov, E. "Financial Crises: Sources, Manifestations, Consequences." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2012): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-4-46-66.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Building on the empirical studies and financial crises theories, a general framework describing the mechanisms of crisis formation and transmission is developed. Factors of crisis formation include external and internal imbalances, shocks, deficiencies of economic policies and changes in the economic agents behavior (in particular, as concerns price bubbles formation and burst). Channels of crisis transmission include direct links between financial organizations; "negative loss spirals" arising from massive asset sales; increase in uncertainty. The framework is employed to the analysis of several crisis episodes in 1990s and 2000s (Mexican, Asian, Russian and Argentine crises). The channels of crisis transmission to the real economy are also considered. The approaches to measuring both short- and long-term impact of crises on fiscal stability and economic growth are discussed.
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Lehoczki, Bernadett. "Cold War Relations between Hungary and Brazil from a Semi-Peripheral Perspective (1960–1980)." East Central Europe 48, no. 2-3 (November 26, 2021): 250–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763308-48020005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract During the Cold War, searching for trade benefits and opportunities of diversification motivated the Hungarian government and certain Latin American countries to build economic ties, especially between 1960 and 1980. Economic globalization as an external and state-led industrialization as an internal factor served as motivations to build links between command economy Hungary and “capitalist” Latin American states. The article focuses on relations between Hungary and Brazil, emphasizing their similar, semi-peripheral position in world economy that led to the perception of each other as dependent economies on the superpowers (the Soviet Union and the United States, respectively) attempting to loosen these ties instead of an ‘ideological rival.’
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Meri, Muthanna Faiq, and Nathir Sami Abdel Wahid. "The events of Iraq and its reflection on US-Turkish relations since 2011." Tikrit Journal For Political Science, no. 14 (March 2, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v0i14.114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The political, security, economic and social events taking place in the Iraqi arena - both before 2003 and in the period that followed - have different effects at the internal and external levels due to the overlap of interests and the multilateral parties concerned with the situation of Iraq and related to it in one way or another, including its impact on the United States US and Turkey, as the United States of America, the countries that occupied Iraq in 2003 and then withdrew from it in 2011 and is associated with treaties and strategic agreements, Turkey is the northern neighbor of Iraq and links with links and political and security issues and economy And thus the events in Iraq positively and negatively affect relations between the US and Turkey.
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Burton-Jones, Alan. "Knowledge Capitalism: The New Learning Economy." Policy Futures in Education 1, no. 1 (March 2003): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2003.1.1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing economic importance of knowledge is redefining firm-market boundaries, work arrangements and the links between education, work and learning. This article describes a framework for identifying organisational knowledge assets and learning needs, optimising knowledge supply and planning knowledge growth. The framework enables firms to improve their selection and deployment of internal and external knowledge resources and individuals to improve their career planning. It also assists learning institutions to tailor their products and services to the needs of individual and corporate knowledge consumers.
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Lukyanova, M. T. "THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF TEK FOR EFFECTIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 36, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2020-36-2-187-197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An important role in achieving stable socio-economic development of the Republic of Bashkortostan belongs to its fuel and energy complex-an important part of the national economy of the country. The capacity of the complex is evidenced by the fact that its share in the total volume of shipped products is up to 50%; the profit received is about 70%; revenues in the consolidated budget of the Republic-about 40%. The article analyzes the current problems of development of the territorial energy system. Based on the analysis of the company's competitiveness, the factors that require special attention are identified: innovations in terms of improving the energy efficiency of processes and reliability of the production and distribution system, building long-term relationships with customers, integrated links with consumer markets inside and outside the Republic of Belarus. Regional marketing, administrative and managerial factors have a positive impact on the development of electricity production and distribution in the Republic of Bashkortostan, while trends in technological and environmental factors have a negative impact.
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Bilan, Yuriy, Halyna Mishchuk, Iryna Roshchyk, and Olena Joshi. "HIRING AND RETAINING SKILLED EMPLOYEES IN SMES: PROBLEMS IN HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES AND LINKS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS." Business: Theory and Practice 21, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.12750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability to attract and retain the talents is an important factor in the competitiveness of countries, as it is confirmed in our study. At the level of small and medium-sized enterprises, hiring and retaining skilled workers is one of the most difficult tasks of HR management, especially in transition economies with a high intensity of “leaching out” the skilled workers due to labour migration. Our research in Ukraine, which is a prime example of such countries, conducted via the cluster analysis allows us to conclude that the problems of hiring and retaining skilled workers have some connection with profitability: there is almost always a problem with filling vacancies with people of all educational levels in unprofitable enterprises, which is not typical of profitable businesses. The main problems with filling vacancies according to employers’ estimations are: 1) market factors – shortage of employees with the required skills; 2) internal problems of ensuring the attractiveness of jobs (material – pay, and intangible – career prospects, flexible working hours, legal employment); 3) internal factors of inefficient HR management, including recruiting; 4) psycho-physiological factors of job satisfaction. However, there are no close links between the factors of hiring effectiveness and retention of skilled workers with the economic success of the organization in the form of the growth of assets, revenues and stuff. This leads to the conclusion that the practices of human resources management in small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine are largely built chaotic, without analyzing the impact on the efficiency of the use of other resources and without providing links with the overall economic efficiency of enterprises.
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Augenstein, Daniel. "Disagreement—Commonality—Autonomy: EU Fundamental Rights in the Internal Market." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888713809813549.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe contribution explores the implications of disagreements about rights in the ‘multi-layered’ European polity for the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law. It argues that insomuch as the EU’s weak claim to supra-national political authority is corroborated by a strong case for economic integration, the internal market operates not simply as a constraining factor in the effective realisation of fundamental rights, but provides the very foundation of their autonomous interpretation in the EU legal order. Sections II and III elaborate upon the relationship between conflicts of authority in the European legal space and the autonomous interpretation of EU fundamental rights law under conditions of political disagreement. Section IV links the argument to the often-alleged instrumentalisation of EU fundamental rights in the service of the market. Sections V and VI substantiate the guiding contention of the contribution—that the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law is rooted in the unity of the market—with an analysis of pertinent case law. The concluding section suggests that the transformation of the EU into a ‘genuine’ human rights polity must proceed through a politicisation of the market by virtue of fundamental rights law.
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Augenstein, Daniel. "Disagreement—Commonality—Autonomy: EU Fundamental Rights in the Internal Market." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000002986.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The contribution explores the implications of disagreements about rights in the ‘multi-layered’ European polity for the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law. It argues that insomuch as the EU’s weak claim to supra-national political authority is corroborated by a strong case for economic integration, the internal market operates not simply as a constraining factor in the effective realisation of fundamental rights, but provides the very foundation of their autonomous interpretation in the EU legal order. Sections II and III elaborate upon the relationship between conflicts of authority in the European legal space and the autonomous interpretation of EU fundamental rights law under conditions of political disagreement. Section IV links the argument to the often-alleged instrumentalisation of EU fundamental rights in the service of the market. Sections V and VI substantiate the guiding contention of the contribution—that the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law is rooted in the unity of the market—with an analysis of pertinent case law. The concluding section suggests that the transformation of the EU into a ‘genuine’ human rights polity must proceed through a politicisation of the market by virtue of fundamental rights law.
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Nusinov, Volodymyr Ya, and Ievgeniia V. Mishchuk. "Elaboration of scientific and methodological approaches to providing economic security of an enterprise as a key component of its management." Economies' Horizons, no. 4(11) (December 5, 2019): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.4(11).2019.219078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the research. The purpose of the article is to elaborate scientific and methodological approaches to providing economic security of an enterprise as a key component of its management. Methodology. The study applies general scientific theoretical methods – generalization, explanation, grouping – to analyzing economists’ and practitioners’ ideas about the object of the research and formulating conclusions of content analysis of primary sources, analysis and synthesis – to substantiating a new scientific approach to ensuring economic security of an enterprise. Results. Specific features of economic security of an enterprise as an object of management are taken into account as those revealing themselves in nonlinearity of links between its current level and the implemented set of managerial actions. To assess the results of ensuring economic security, its dynamic parameters have been substantiated including those of operational excellence as an internal prerequisite of its provision and market sustainability as an external form of manifesting internal systemic characteristics of a business. A methodological approach to assessing results of ensuring economic security of an enterprise is suggested on the basis on assessing the degree of correspondence of the above parameters (provision planes) to enterprises’ internal standards, industry averages and the best current business practices. Implementation of the suggested methodological approach to assessing the results of ensuring economic security in retrospective enables empirical confirmation of the fact that internal operating prerequisites and market positions of mining and metallurgical enterprises are determined by used/unused opportunities of the business environment for a certain period of time. Styles of ensuring the economic security of the enterprises under study are identified. It is revealed that the regressive style, which manifests itself in overestimation of internal standards with a dangerous degree of compliance with the best business practices is prevailing. It has been substantiated that its use puts the economic security level in a critically dangerous dependency on the market situation and, taking into account current trends in the economic and political environment, makes it possible to predict a decline in the economic security level of the enterprises under study in the near future: the global economic decline, increased protectionism on the markets, increased tax burden, increased environmental tax rates, etc. Practical importance. A scientific approach to ensuring economic security of an enterprise has been substantiated which integrates the strategic and operational levels of management and ensures minimization of the degree of inconsistency of the internal system characteristics of the business with stakeholders’ e requirements and trends in the external environment based on the use of opportunities for increasing value added streams in the context of permanent dynamic changes in the functioning of the enterprise. Further research is devoted to development of methodological approaches to taking into account the third plane of ensuring economic security – “stakeholder satisfaction”.
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Sorge, Arndt, and Martin Brussig. "Organizational Process, Strategic Content and Socio-Economic Resources: Small Enterprises in East Germany, 1990–94." Organization Studies 24, no. 8 (October 2003): 1261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01708406030248004.
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The theory of the firm implies a framework which links up conceptually diverse aspects and approaches. This article tests a specific framework: an interactionist variant of co-evolution theory derived from an article by Hrebiniak and Joyce. Organizations are viewed as enacting different combinations of strategic choice and environmental determinism, which point toward specific market forms and internal processes, through a process of mutual adaptation. Co-evolutionary configurations are hypothesized to have an effect on resource outcomes (profitability and employment). The present article tests this theory, based on a combined qualitative study and standardized questionnaire investigation of a quota sample of 120 smaller enterprises in East Germany. This refers to an environment which, because of the new and rapid emergence of new firms subdivided into different types, can be seen to render the application of interactionist co-evolutionism particularly exigent. It was found that the typology derived according to the framework performed well in predicting and explaining economic performance and employment development. It is suggested that this type of study, linking internal and external organizational characteristics within an interactionist scheme, has potential. It would also help to systematize and control co-evolutionary research on the firm following a coherent research design, going beyond the liberal interpretation of historical information.
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Ostapenko, V., V. Tyshchenko, O. Rats, and O. Omelchenko. "COGNITIVE MODELING OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROVISION OF QUALITY ACTIVATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 5, no. 40 (November 8, 2021): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v5i40.245161.
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Abstract. The article develops and substantiates the need to determine the causal links between concepts that contribute to the quality of higher education. The lack of motivation for radical reform of higher education is still hampered by attempts to use the successful international experience of the process of building a full-fledged system of quality assurance in the provision of educational services. The aim of the article is to develop a model for identifying causal links between the concepts of financial and economic support, which contribute to improving the quality of higher education. A system of concepts of the internal state and macro-environment of financial security has been formed, which has a positive or negative impact on the intensification of higher education. A fuzzy cognitive map of the impact of financial and economic support on improving the quality of higher education has been built. Scales and criteria for providing a qualitative assessment of the impact of the concepts of financial and economic support for the intensification of higher education in accordance with the introduced linguistic sets are calculated on the basis of the trapezoidal number method. The concepts of internal state and macroenvironment for activation of higher education are defined. The negative impact on the level of public spending on education and opportunities for access to ICT, which constrains the prospects for development and realization of the potential of participants in the higher education process, has been proved. The negative impact on the quality of higher education on the migration of students to study abroad has been identified, as access to higher education is almost unlimited due to significant government procurement and relatively low cost of contract education, and the return on higher education is relatively low. According to the simulation results, in order to intensify higher education, it is necessary to focus on the quality of teachers, provide opportunities for development, competence development, obtaining a higher level of qualification, which includes postgraduate and doctoral studies and academic degrees. Currently, an important priority of the European innovation system is the formation of the European Research Area. That is why there is a need to find effective mechanisms to influence the quality of research and innovation, which is represented by the number of publications / patents / CAT, investment and innovation projects, grants. Support for these concepts will provide an opportunity to unleash scientific and innovative potential, have a high social status in society and will improve the quality of educational services provided. Keywords: higher education, cognitive modeling, financial and economic support, consonance and dissonance, influence on the system, concepts of internal state, concepts of macroenvironment. JEL Classіfіcatіon І22, G17 Formulas: 9; fig.: 1; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 11.
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Vorotnikova, T. A. "Bolivia at a Crossroads: Is Consolidation of a ‘Divided Society’ Feasible?" Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-2-142-163.
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A protest wave which began in 2019 has swept across many Latin American countries. The Multinational State of Bolivia, where rapid destabilization of political situation has led to a serious internal crisis, was no exception. The paper examines the prospects for conflict resolution in Bolivia through the lens of the ‘divided society’ concept. The first section identifies the key fault lines in Bolivia including ethnic, cultural, and civilizational differences, economic disproportions, and high levels of social and political polarization. The author shows how the regime of Evo Morales managed to reach an internal balance and maintain it for quite a long time through complex balancing, concessions, and compromises. The second section identifies the causes behind the 2019 crisis. These include miscalculations of the government which has revealed general instability of the country’s political system and threatened to erode democratic institutions; changes in electoral behavior of the population; the increasing role of the armed forces. The author links the possibilities to overcome these challenges faced by Bolivia with the expansion of the social protection in conjunction with the principle of consociationalism, but stresses that even so the consolidation of the Bolivian society will be a time-consuming process.
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Asal, Houda. "Community sector dynamics and the Lebanese diaspora: Internal fragmentation and transnationalism on the Web." Social Science Information 51, no. 4 (November 20, 2012): 502–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018412456768.
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The author analyses the presence of Lebanese organizations on the Web and shows the transnational links between associations from different countries, starting from a case study that includes France and Canada. The nature and density of these connections are partly attributable to the importance of linguistic, religious and/or political factors. The graphs indicate that, while there is a real attempt to transcend the divisions in the diaspora cyberspace, the fragmentation of collective dynamics remains important. The most important alliances revolve around a few individual portals and some institutional websites. However, the weakness of the Lebanese government does not allow its institutions to play a unifying role for the Lebanese diaspora. In fact, economic initiatives are more active than political ones. The connections between websites claiming to be apolitical show the persistence of selective alliances, which reflect the usual Christian/Muslim divide. Transnationality is thereby limited, and the Lebanese Canadian and French organizations are interconnected only through portals that are not representative of the grassroots community dynamics.
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Shutters, Shade T., and Keith Waters. "Inferring Networks of Interdependent Labor Skills to Illuminate Urban Economic Structure." Entropy 22, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101078.
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Cities are among the best examples of complex systems. The adaptive components of a city, such as its people, firms, institutions, and physical structures, form intricate and often non-intuitive interdependencies with one another. These interdependencies can be quantified and represented as links of a network that give visibility to otherwise cryptic structural elements of urban systems. Here, we use aspects of information theory to elucidate the interdependence network among labor skills, illuminating parts of the hidden economic structure of cities. Using pairwise interdependencies we compute an aggregate, skills-based measure of system “tightness” of a city’s labor force, capturing the degree of integration or internal connectedness of a city’s economy. We find that urban economies with higher tightness tend to be more productive in terms of higher GDP per capita. However, related work has shown that cities with higher system tightness are also more negatively affected by shocks. Thus, our skills-based metric may offer additional insights into a city’s resilience. Finally, we demonstrate how viewing the web of interdependent skills as a weighted network can lead to additional insights about cities and their economies.
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Shcherbakova, Ekateryna V. "Hierarchical Structure of the Economic Potential of a Region." REGIONOLOGY 26, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 422–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.104.026.201803.422-437.
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Introduction. The economic potential of a region is a factor in positive trends in the development of economic systems and in the stability of the state in the inter-national arena. The mechanisms of such influence are based on internal processes taking place in the structure of the economic potential of a region. However, the lack of fundamental study of the structure of the economic potential of a region and the increased interest in this issue are topical and led to the choice of this research topic which is aimed at studying the internal structure of the economic potential of a region as well as at determining the characteristics of each of its elements. Materials and Methods. When determining the structure of the economic potential of a region, the methods of the empirical, experimental and theoretical levels were used such as the method of comparing different types of economic potential, the hypothetical and logical methods as well as the simulation method. Results. By comparing the types of economic potentials at different levels of func-tioning of the economy, the elements of the structure of the economic potential of a region were identified and analyzed, subordination between them was established. Presence of subordination made it possible to identify the hierarchical structure and to present it in the form of a 3 -level hierarchy. For a more accurate understanding of the links and significance of the hierarchy of types of the economic potential of a region, the meanings and components of each level of the hierarchy were described. Discussion and Conclusions. A hierarchical structure of the economic potential of a region was revealed due to the existence of subordination between the elements of the structure. The research materials may be useful when planning economic development of a region and the state in order to strengthen market positions and competitiveness. The data obtained are of value both for economists and scientists involved in the study of regional economy.
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Beloshitskiy, Alexey V. "Some problems of economic stability under conditions of high turbulence environment." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 75, no. 1/2022 (April 1, 2022): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.1.2022.75.001.
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The article discusses specific features of oilfield services company functioning as a part of Russian oilfield services which are the driver of Russian oil-and-gas industry. The key features of the formation of the Russian oilfield services market are noted as follows: a short time of formation in comparison with evolution of the worldwide oilfield services market and high turbulence of the business environment together with characteristic sighs of the oilfield services companies such as high degree of innovation and advanced management. The purpose of study is justification of influence factors and key risks for sustainable economic development of oilfield services company under dynamically changing external conditions. The main theoretical ideas about the construction of business models of the company are analyzed and the definitions of such basic terms as sustainability and sustainable development are considered. The oilfield services company definition as an open complicated industrial and economic system with multilevel internal links was done. The possibility of applying classical concepts of the theory of stability of economic systems to oilfield services market objects is estimated. The key factors are identified and the effects of the external economic environment are generalized, the assessment of the possibility of using various types of well-known business models for the oilfield services company is given. The characteristic features of the oilfield services business are analyzed as follows: advanced technological level of production, innovation and unique competencies of staff from the view of ensuring competitive advantages between the oil-and-gas industry and identified risk-factors of the sustainable development. It’s identified that the economical efficiency of the oilfield services company business models is provided by its opportunities in the external environment and the internal unique production resources, ability to adapt for changes, flexibility of management systems, dynamic information integrity, contractual capacity and high level of management responsibility.
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Gusarova, V. Y., and G. R. Murtazina. "INNOVATIZATION AS A BASIS FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SYSTEM SECURITY." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1569-1575.
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In modern conditions, ensuring the security of economic systems is interconnected with the categories “sustainability” and “development”. Sustainability of an economic system reflects the reliability and strength of its constituent elements, the efficiency and inviolability of horizontal and vertical links within the system itself. Development is one of economic security components, since the lack of development significantly reduces the ability to resist and adapt to internal and external threats. The security of the national economic system is considered as the ability to survive and develop steadily in the conditions of turbulence and the influence of hard-to-predict factors. The success of economic development is largely determined by significant structural changes based on innovation. Consequently, dynamic innovative development must have an adequate innovative structure. “Innovatization” as an economic category is a process of accumulation, preservation, use and development of the innovative potential of the economic system’s acting entities. The economic theory of economic systems’ innovatization is one of the demanded economic paradigms of our time for most developed and developing countries of the world, including Russia. This is due to the decisive role of innovations in the development of economic systems and, as a result, this is as a source and one of the criterion indicators of economic security. The authors, using the holistic approach and the method of structural-logical decomposition in the study, revealed the content and forms of innovatization in economic development structures as a basis for ensuring economic security.
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Gao, Jie. "Study on Economic Activity Analysis based on the Interaction of “Operation, Value and Performance”." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016506009.
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In order to meet external regulation and challenges, and improve the quality of internal economic activity analysis, this study establishes a linkage analysis system from corporate strategy to strategic objectives to financial indicators to business indicators by building 3 independent and interrelated analysis models. One of them is the model of influencing factors of change of operating efficiency index, one of them is the traceability analysis model of the sales of electricity and electricity price, and the last one is an investment performance traceability analysis model. In this study, the actual data of a unit is used as an example. With the help of big data analysis, we fully tap the value of the company’s big data, accurately locate the weak links and risk points of management. By doing this we finely promote economic activity analysis system more comprehensive, more real-time, more dynamic and more intelligent, and thus improve the efficiency of business decision-making. The practicality of economic activity analysis based on “operation, value and performance” is confirmed.
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Mukhametgaliev, Farit, Ilgizar Gainutdinov, Marsel Khismatullin, Landysh Sitdikova, and Farida Mukhametgalieva. "Modern trends in the development of agrarian sector." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700124.
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The paper is relevant due to the need to ensure the sound functioning of all links constituting the economic agrarian sector by deepening research and elaborating recommendations to improve the economic mechanism for managing rural commodity producers in the face of fierce competition in the global food market. The paper proposes development trends and rationale for priority directions to nourish agrarian business and agricultural production. The paper is devoted to a comprehensive study of the current agrarian sector of the economy and the priority areas for sustainable agrarian business entities functioning in modern conditions of external and internal socio-political challenges. It provides a scientific rationale for the directions of state regulation of processes in rural areas. It defines the priority strategic directions for agrarian sector to flourish, improving the mechanisms of state regulation of agriculture. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the paper will solve the problem of sustainable growth in the production of competitive agricultural products, increasing the efficiency of state support, strengthening the economy of agricultural producers and ensuring the socio-economic development of rural areas.
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Berezhnaya, L. Yu. "The Role of Transport Infrastructure in Development of Border Region." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-4-109-117.
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Social and economic development of regions is closely connected with transport industry functioning, which was proven by numerous academic works. However, the problem of transport infrastructure importance for border regions was actually neglected. In fact transport on state periphery plays an important role in regional development and in some cases becomes a key factor of realizing foreign-economic potential. This article on the basis of functional approach to the research object describes an attempt to substantiate the role of transport infrastructure in the development of border region through identifying its foreign-economic function. The essence of this function implies the capacity of transport infrastructure to build in-regional and inter-regional flows of goods, services and people travel and at the same time to carry out operations of international exchange of goods. The importance of infrastructure for border regions is demonstrated by dynamics of indicators of railway construction and investment into fixed funds of transport industry: growth rates of these indicators are much higher for border regions in comparison with internal regions. It proves the importance of intensive development of transport on border territories to provide integrity of the country and to realize the potential of foreign-economic links.
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Cornelius, Wayne A., and Philip L. Martin. "The Uncertain Connection: Free Trade and Rural Mexican Migration to the United States." International Migration Review 27, no. 3 (September 1993): 484–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700301.
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Will a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) decrease Mexican migration to the United States, as the U.S. and Mexican governments assert, or increase migration beyond the movement that would otherwise occur, as NAFTA critics allege? This article argues that it is easy to overestimate the additional emigration from rural Mexico owing to NAFTA-related economic restructuring in Mexico. The available evidence suggests four major reasons why Mexican emigration may not increase massively, despite extensive restructuring and displacement from traditional agriculture. First, many rural dwellers in Mexico already have diversified their sources of income, making them less dependent on income earned from producing agricultural commodities like corn that will be most affected by NAFTA. Second, a free trade zone might induce more U.S. agricultural producers to expand in Mexico during the 1990s, creating additional jobs there instead of in the United States. Third, the links between internal migration in Mexico and emigration from Mexico are not as direct as is often assumed; even if economic restructuring increases internal population movements in Mexico, this may not translate into a great deal of international emigration. Finally, European experience teaches that free trade and economic integration can be phased-in in a manner which does not produce significant emigration, even under a freedom of movement regime. NAFTA-related economic displacement in Mexico may yield an initial wave of migration to test the U.S. labor market, but this migration should soon diminish if the jobs that these migrants seek shift to Mexico.
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BURKYNSKYI, B. V., and P. O. ANTONYUK. "INTEGRATION OF THE DOMESTIC SUGAR MARKET INTO GLOBAL VALUE ADDED CHAINS." Economic innovations 23, no. 1(78) (March 20, 2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2021.23.1(78).7-21.
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Topicality. An important condition for the development of the sugar market, as one of the strategic markets of Ukraine, is integration into international economic structures. One of the ways to solve the problems of integration is to ensure the export of sugar by creating distribution and logistics centers. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to develop proposals on possible ways to promote the integration of the Ukrainian sugar market into global value added chains, which will transform the existing chain and improve the relationship between different actors and change the inefficient direction of material and financial flows. Research results. The article contains the results of the research devoted to the substantiation of economic interests of the subjects of LCSM and the peculiarities of their interaction. In the work on the example of the Ukrainian sugar market the peculiarities of the formation of structures of logistics chains, their general and different characteristics, inefficient links in the market chain have been identified. The existing structural construction of LCSM has been considered and diagnostics of efficiency of its functioning has been carried out. In the context of the integration of LCSM of Ukraine into the global sugar market, the expediency of its transformation by including a new link in the form of a distribution and logistics center (sugar terminal) has been substantiated. Conclusion. The transformed LCSM provides an opportunity to improve the relationship between the subjects of different links and change the inefficient direction of material and financial flows for a gradual transition to the movement of material flow through the distribution and logistics center. In the course of the research the organizational mechanism of LCSM integration has been offered taking into account the interests of internal and external chains of the global market.
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Altukhov, A. I. "Features of Development of Grain Export Infrastructure and Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Its Functioning." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 11 (2020): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-11-2-10.
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The article examines the features of the development of Russian grain export and its infrastructure, as well as the organizational and economic mechanism of its functioning in the country. It is noted that in the near and more distant future, grain exports will retain their key role in the overall export of food products and agricultural raw materials. This will require the accelerated formation of facilities of a developed infrastructure and the creation of reliable logistics support for export grain supplies, significant organizational, financial and other support from the state, which implies the need for a transition to new forms of organizing grain commodity circulation on the principles of marketing and logistics, of introduction of transit schemes and intermodal transportation, formation of various logistics chains and a network of transport and logistics hubs based on intersectoral proportionality between the volumes of supply of commercial grain, of storage capacities, vehicles, port and transshipment capacities, as well as strengthening the coordination of actions of all the numerous participants in the movement of grain from domestic producers to its foreign consumers. In this regard, it is proposed to form the most effective national model for the development of grain exports. She should be based on the implementation of the state export policy, provide for the effective use of internal opportunities for increasing export grain resources, guarantee an optimal balance between the country’s internal needs for grain and real opportunities to increase its exports, and also have a rationally built system of market relations between all the numerous participants in the export segment of grain market. A well-organized and well-functioning system of economic relations between all links of the production and technological chains of grain movement will ensure an optimal balance between internal and external grain flows and promote a rhythmic supply of grain for export, without resorting to its sharp restrictions in some years.
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Voloshenko, K. Yu, and A. A. Novikova. "Economic and geographical approach to the assessment of trade flows for border region." Regional nye issledovaniya, no. 4 (2020): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2020-4-1.
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The article offers the solution to the urgent scientific and practical problem of geography assessment of trade flows of a region in the forecast calculations. The growing influence of changes in the external environment on the development of regions (including geopolitical processes, sanctions restrictions of countries on the movement of goods, pandemics COVID-19, etc.) has heightened the need for such research. Furthermore, the implementation of well-known models of economic growth oriented to import substitution and the increase in export potential is still lacking. The importance of ensuring economic security is increasing. The example of the exclave Kaliningrad region is used to discuss the development of a methodological approach to the analysis of trade flows in the region, considering their geographical distribution. The border position is the one most related to the production of a significant number of internal and external trade flows that are crucial to the region‘s performance. The fact that it is the border position that is most connected with the production of a significant number of internal and external trade flows that are important for the functioning of the region defined the object of study. The authors have developed algorithms for estimating trade flows by types and directions, links with domestic production and final consumption. For each group of trade flows the analysis of value and quantity indicators is extended by determination of their geographical identity. This provides a systematic representation both of the economic assessment of the processes in the region and the degree to which their geography is consistent with the achievement of the greatest efficiency. On this basis, well-known regional models are completed by incorporating scenario calculations of changes in trade flows by economic and geographical criterion. This enables analysis of options for the geographical distribution of trade flows to ensure growth in macroeconomic indicators and the development of regional production.
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Zhao, Changping, Xinli Qi, Jin Wang, Fengyang Du, and Xiaolan Shi. "Predicting Possible New Links to Future Global Plastic Waste Trade Networks." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084692.
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China’s waste plastic ban has sparked a discussion about how the global plastic waste trade (GPWT) will develop in the future. To answer this question, this article uses the link forecasting and QAP method to predict and analyze the possible development trend of the GPWT in the future. The research results show that GPWT has certain stability and sustainability; although plastic waste trade has narrowed under the ban, it still has the potential trend of reconnecting the same type of links. Specifically, from a regional perspective, the future trade of new plastic waste trade will be dominated by cross-regional trade. Plastic waste may continue to flow to countries in the Asian–Pacific, Middle East, and African regions, while European countries will strengthen the internal recycling and processing of plastic waste. From the perspective of the national income level, the establishment of the new relationship will show an evolutionary trend in which high-income countries are dominated and the scale of trade between non-high-income countries expands. In addition, the differences in the level of economic development, liner transport connectivity, and the proportion of mismanagement of plastic waste among countries has a positive effect on the establishment of a new relationship in the GPWT, while tariff rates have an inhibitory effect. In general, the GPWT will still exist in the future, which requires the international community to guide the GPWT to promote the recycling and reuse of plastic waste in a real sense and adjust the unreasonable trade model.
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SMIRNOV, Valerii V. "The analysis of the substance of economic growth in Russia." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1737–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.9.1737.
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Subject. The article investigates the substance of Russia’s economic growth. Objectives. I determine what circumstances influence the substance of the economic growth in Russia. Methods. The study relies upon the systems approach, methods of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. It is important to analyze the substance of the economic growth in Russia. The Russian resources were found to be actively provided to other countries via capital and current transfers. Growth rates in the consolidated account gets less variable since the statistical variance was significantly adjusted with respect to capital translations, and product subsidies were limited, including products for State-owned enterprises, exports and imports. As a priority of the Russian economic economic growth, it focuses on the generation of income. I also discovered considerable links to the consolidated account. The Russian economy is oriented at the reallocation of available income among sectors so that savings and capital transfers could be made. Doing so, the country will subsequently acquire non-financial assets on the free-hold basis and interest in the production process. Internal resources of the sustainable economic growth were found to deplete under the current monetary policy of the Central Bank of Russia and Russia’s Ministry of Finance. Conclusions and Relevance. Shaping the substance of the economic growth in Russia, such circumstance demonstrate to governmental authorities that the goal of the socioeconomic development should be achieved with different methods. The findings contribute to the knowledge and competence of the Russian government for purposes of economic growth.
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HARKAVA, Viktoria. "ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2022, no. 2 (March 12, 2022): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.02.037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The importance of economic security as a component of national security of Ukraine is substantiated, the concept of “economic security” is revealed, the reasons of its threats are analyzed, namely foreign economic, foreign policy and internal. The properties and role of economic security of the region as an independent economic category are analyzed. Different points of view on the concept of “economic security” are shown, the basic scientific approaches to definition of this concept are highlighted. The category "economic security at the regional level" is considered as a multicomponent phenomenon, the sum of its individual components. The directions of ensuring the economic security of the state at the regional level are shown. The functional features of the system of achieving economic security are analyzed, the functions of economic security at the state and regional levels are given, namely protective, regulatory, preventive, innovative, diagnostic, social. The characteristics of the complex implementation of the above functions are outlined, in particular, resistance to exogenous and endogenous threats, the ability of the regional economic system to self-reproduction and self-development, economic self-sufficiency, strength of links between elements of the regional economy, ability to use competitive advantages economic security of the region at the regulatory level, the balance of interregional relations. The main problems that threaten the national economic security at the regional level are named, the main threats to the economic security of the regions and the main directions of the strategy of optimizing economic security are highlighted. It is concluded that the regional aspect is clearly distinguished in all the variety of problems of national economic security of the country. It is proved that the achievement of economic security of the region provides socio-economic and socio-political stability, proper level and quality of life. In order to achieve the maximum effect of program-targeted management, it is necessary to ensure the completeness of the targeted comprehensive program of economic security of the region, which should be implemented in stages.
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Thompson, Sue. "The Evolution of Southeast Asian Regionalism: Security, Economic Development and Foreign Power Support for Regional Initiatives, 1947-77." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 5, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v5i1.4160.
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Policy objectives for Southeast Asian regionalism had been evolving since the end of the Second World War. Economic development viewed as essential for establishing peace and stability in Southeast Asia and the links between development and security were evident in the elaboration of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Also evident was the second-line support provided by external powers. While ASEAN was a regional initiative that came out of the Bangkok talks to end Confrontation, Western governments had been formulating regional cooperation policies in Southeast Asia decades prior. Economic development viewed as essential for containing communist influence and preventing internal insurgencies in the region. Growth and prosperity would come through regional development programs with external support. This would then expand to some form of collective security led by the Southeast Asian nations themselves. Regionalism viewed as one way of providing economic assistance to newly independent nations without the appearance of foreign interference in regional affairs. Therefore, the evolution of Southeast Asian regionalism was a combined effort of foreign power support for Asian initiatives throughout the economic development with the aim to provide security during the political transformation of the region from the post-war period into the early years of ASEAN and the aftermath of the war in Vietnam.
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Karimah, Intan Nuril, and Nafiah Nafiah. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF TRAFFIC AND ECONOMY IN BANYUDONO - KARTASURA HIGHWAY." Pondasi 23, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v23i1.11205.
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ABSTRACTPopulation and economic growth in Central Java Province continues to increase. One of the segments from the highway of Semarang-Solo is Banyudono-Kartosuro, this segment is one of the main segments that links Semarang and Solo, so stacking of vehicle volume in this region often happens. With this background, this study is entitled Feasibility Study of Traffic and Economy in Banyudono-Kartasura Highway.Analyzing the traffic aspect requires several parameters by estimating the volume of the vehicle or weather forecast, the degree of saturation and also the trip assignment value. In addition, for the economic aspects in terms of road users by calculating the value of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Based on the forecast results obtained an outcome that in the year of 2027 for Boyolali-Kartosuro segment will experience congestion and after the built of highway, congestion will decrease in 2038, for Salatiga-Boyolali segment congestion will occurred in 2029 and after the built of highway congestion occurred in 2040. For the calculation of feasibility of economic analysis value obtained BCR = 4.3> 1, NPV = Rp 3,409,646,232,099> 0, and IRR = 12.26> 4.48%. Keywords: Traffic feasibility, Economic growth, Banyudono-Kartosuro Highway
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BURKYNSKYI, B. V., and O. V. NIKISHYNA. "THE INSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF THE SUBJECTS OF LOGISTICS CHAINS OF COMMODITY MARKETS." Economic innovations 21, no. 4(73) (December 20, 2019): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.4(73).8-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Topicality. Determination of the nature, internal content, types and contradictions of economic interests of the subjects of the logistics chains of commodity markets is essential for their effective functioning in the system of the national economy. In the process of logistical interactions, market entities form a tiered system of links based on economic partnerships and trade-offs. This helps to balance the economic interests and to form a common interest in the integrated chain. The economic interests of market chains` subjects will have been emerging, interacting and realizing in the institutional system of the market, which necessitates new research into the institutional nature of interests. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the institutional nature of the economic interests of the subjects of the logistics chains of commodity markets and the typology of the main contradictions between them, as a scientific basis for development the mechanisms for balancing interests of market chains` subjects. During the research the following methods were used:dialectical, theoretical generalization and comparison, graphical, structural-logical method. Research results. In the context of institutional theory, the essence and nature of economic interests of the subjects of logistics chains of commodity markets were substantiated by the authors. The main stages of the formation of economic l interests with the emphasis on their institutionalization, namely transformation into the norm of rational behavior in the commodity market were determined. The substantive characteristics of the economic interests of the entities in the logistics chains, which reveal their institutional nature, were generalized. It is emphasized that in Ukraine there is a partial realization of the economic interests of the state, consumers, small and medium-sized entities, while corporate structures and international associations generally receive full realization of interests in commodity market chains. The classification of economic interests of subjects of market logistics chains by subject and institutional characteristics has been further developed. The authors have developed a typology of contradictions of economic interests in internal and external dimension and substantiated the essence of the main types of contradictions. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of the theoretical foundations of market logistics in the part of substantiation of the institutional nature of economic interests of subjects of logistics chains of commodity markets, the development of classification of economic interests, the development of typology of the main internal and external contradictions of participants of logistics chains. The applied value of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of their use by different institutions as a scientific basis for the development of methodological bases for assessing the level of contradictions of interests of market chains` subjects, as well as new mechanisms for balancing economic interests, in particular institutional ones.
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Kryukov, Valeriy, and Vladimir Shmat. "Asian Russia – Conditions for and Obstacles to Progressive Diversification of Macroregional Economy." Spatial Economics 18, no. 1 (2022): 34–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2022.1.034-072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper considers the peculiarities and directions of economy diversification processes in the eastern part of Russia – the territory that stretches from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean. The processes of diversification are reviewed through the prism of not only the views and approaches developed within the framework of modern evolutionary economic geography but also institutional economics. It is shown that the state and dynamics of diversification processes in the Asian Russia are determined by the peculiarities of the transformation of the country’s economy as a whole during the transition from the system of centralized planning and management to a system based on market principles of interaction between economic agents. The role and importance of previously formed assets and implemented solutions – especially in the infrastructure sphere and previously created production structures – are extremely high. Without taking into account the peculiarities of space – the significant distances between different productions that are links in the value chain – the transformation of the economy leads to a narrowing of the spheres of economic activity and subsequent de-industrialization. According to the authors, the transition to the evolutionary process of economic diversification of the vast macroregion is impossible without a balanced public industrial policy and policy in the field of nature and subsoil use. The analysis of the processes of diversification / de-industrialization is supplemented and expanded within the framework of the cognitive analysis of possible directions and conditions affecting them. The authors offer a set of fundamental measures and steps, that allow, in their opinion, moving from ‘extra-regional’ causes of diversification to augmenting the role and importance of local and internal factors and conditions
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Wei, Wei, Shuangying Ding, Silin Zheng, Jingjing Ma, Tong Niu, and Jinkai Li. "Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of China’s Power Industry Based on the Two-Stage Network Slack-Based Measure Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312650.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How to achieve the continuous improvement of the environmental performance level of the power industry within the requirements of clean and low-carbon energy development is the fundamental requirement and inevitable choice for the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development. From the perspective of environmental protection, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and the internal mechanism of power system production and supply, the power industry environmental efficiency evaluation index system was constructed, and the two-stage Network Slack-based Measure (NSBM) model considering undesired output was used to calculate China’s 30 provinces and municipalities from 1998 to 2019. The environmental efficiency is divided into two links: power generation efficiency and transmission and distribution efficiency. The study found that, within the research interval, the overall environmental efficiency of China’s 30 provinces is low, and the differences between provinces and cities are large, but they have gradually developed in a better direction after 2015. The power generation efficiency of the first link in most provinces and municipalities is higher than the transmission and distribution efficiency of the second link, and the low transmission and distribution efficiency is an important reason for the low comprehensive level of environmental efficiency. The overall evolution trend of environmental efficiency in the six regions of China is roughly the same, but the regional differences are obvious, showing a trend of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”. The economic and natural resource differences in different provinces and cities in each region have led to varying degrees of redundancy in five aspects, including investment in power assets, installed power generation capacity, and length of transmission lines, which seriously affect the environmental efficiency of the power industry. This research attempts to open the “black box” of the environmental efficiency conversion process of the power industry, which can provide directions and strategic suggestions for the improvement of the efficiency of the power industry in China.
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Piracha, Sajawal, Hiba Hiba, Usama Farooq, Urooj Fatima, Fahad Aslam, Ayesha Ishaq, and Hasnain Sial. "New Insights and Different Economic Factors in Banking Sectors and Current Challenges." Scholars Bulletin 8, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sb.2022.v08i02.005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A well-developed banking system is prerequisite for a fast-growing economy. The introduction of financial instruments is a collaborative effort that pits the results of analysis of the banking sector's development and impact on the economy against basic regulatory standards and approaches to state regulation of the financial system's development and banking subsystem. Banking sectors, according to economic literature, play an intermediation role by enabling money transfers between fund-suppliers and fund-demanders. This can be accomplished by attracting savings and then directing those funds into loans to fund various economic activities, resulting in economic growth (EG). Every bank has its own internal component that affects financial performance in a particular way the more efficient a country's financial sector develops, the more likely its limited resources will be channeled to the most productive use. Openness in the banking sector may have a direct impact on growth by enhancing access to financial services and indirectly by improving the efficiency of financial intermediaries, both of which lower the cost of financing and, as a result, encourage capital accumulation and economic growth. A variety of macroeconomic links, notably the one between financial development and long-run growth, have been studied using cross-country regressions. Microeconomic explanation differs from the traditional perspective, which sees financial intermediaries as a bridge between borrowers and lenders' differing interests in terms of the size, maturity, and risk of a financial investment.
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Colfescu, Ioana, and Edwin K. Schneider. "Decomposition of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in a Historical Climate Simulation." Journal of Climate 33, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4229–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0180.1.
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AbstractThe Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) modulates various climate features worldwide with enormous societal and economic implications, including variations in hurricane activity in the Atlantic, sea level, West African and Indian monsoon rainfall, European climate, and hemispheric-scale surface temperature. Leading hypotheses regarding the nature and origin of AMV focus primarily on its links with oceanic and coupled ocean–atmosphere internal variability, and on its response to external forcing. The role of another possible process, that of atmospheric noise forcing of the ocean, has received less attention. This is addressed here by means of historical coupled simulations and diagnostic experiments, which isolate the influences of external and atmospheric noise forcings. Our findings show that external forcing is an important driver of the simulated AMV. They also demonstrate that weather noise is key in driving the simulated internal AMV in the southern part (0°–60°N) of the AMV region, and that weather noise forcing is responsible for up to 10%–20% of the multidecadal internal SST variability in some isolated areas of the subpolar gyre region. Ocean dynamics independent from the weather noise forcing is found to be the dominant cause of multidecadal SST in the northern part of the AMV region.
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Hrebeniuk, Bohdan, Viktoriia Hrytsun, Valerii Bortniak, Kateryna Bortniak, and Alina Liasota. "The interests of state and civil society as a determinant of the democrative political development of Central and Eastern Europe countries." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 70 (October 10, 2021): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyses the state and development of civil society in Central and Eastern Europe as basic determinants of its development, using integrative indices of civil society sustainability. The external and internal logic of these indices for 2019 is studied. The research uses methods of cluster analysis, linear correlation, and multiple regression analysis to model the interaction of the determinants of civil society development in the region. The results of the analysis in the Central and Eastern European region reveal interesting links not only between the status of civil society and the state, but also in the relationship of factors that reflect the analytical triangle of relationships. People's satisfaction with government is not a simple consequence of the economic situation: the relationship between social wealth and economic progress. The status of civil society also turns out to be a factor in this system of relationships, along with the quality of social relations and the existing sociopsychological characteristics of the population. The numerical values of the civil society situation and development indices obtained in this way can be used in statistical models.
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Blattman, Christopher, and Edward Miguel. "Civil War." Journal of Economic Literature 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 3–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most nations have experienced an internal armed conflict since 1960. Yet while civil war is central to many nations' development, it has stood at the periphery of economics research and teaching. The past decade has witnessed a long overdue explosion of research into war's causes and consequences. We summarize progress, identify weaknesses, and chart a path forward. Why war? Existing theory is provocative but incomplete, omitting advances in behavioral economics and making little progress in key areas, like why armed groups form and cohere, or how more than two armed sides compete. Empirical work finds that low per capita incomes and slow economic growth are both robustly linked to civil war. Yet there is little consensus on the most effective policies to avert conflicts or promote postwar recovery. Cross-country analysis of war will benefit from more attention to causal identification and stronger links to theory. We argue that micro-level analysis and case studies are also crucial to decipher war's causes, conduct, and consequences. We bring a growth theoretic approach to the study of conflict consequences to highlight areas for research, most of all the study of war's impact on institutions. We conclude with a plea for new and better data. (JEL D72, D74, O17)