Статті в журналах: "Interface relay"

1

Lemke, S. "Switch Interface Relay." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 46, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.46.6.570a.

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2

Kovkin, Alexey Nikolaevich. "Relay-semiconductor circuit switching in safe interface units based on electromagnetic relays." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-31-35.

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The paper considers methods of realization of relaysemiconductor circuit switching in systems of railway automatics with the use of promising elemental base. It also gives recommendations on selection of semiconductor switching elements for various spheres of application of relay interface units.

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3

Heinanen, Juha. "Frame relay as a multiprotocol backbone interface." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 25, no. 4-5 (November 1992): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(92)90026-m.

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4

Cavanagh, J. P. "Applying the frame relay interface to private networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 30, no. 3 (March 1992): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.126831.

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5

Bloemink, Marieke J., Girish C. Melkani, Sanford I. Bernstein, and Michael A. Geeves. "The Relay/Converter Interface Influences Hydrolysis of ATP by Skeletal Muscle Myosin II." Journal of Biological Chemistry 291, no. 4 (November 19, 2015): 1763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m115.688002.

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The interface between relay and converter domain of muscle myosin is critical for optimal myosin performance. Using Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscle S1, we performed a kinetic analysis of the effect of mutations in the converter and relay domain. Introduction of a mutation (R759E) in the converter domain inhibits the steady-state ATPase of myosin S1, whereas an additional mutation in the relay domain (N509K) is able to restore the ATPase toward wild-type values. The R759E S1 construct showed little effect on most steps of the actomyosin ATPase cycle. The exception was a 25–30% reduction in the rate constant of the hydrolysis step, the step coupled to the cross-bridge recovery stroke that involves a change in conformation at the relay/converter domain interface. Significantly, the double mutant restored the hydrolysis step to values similar to the wild-type myosin. Modeling the relay/converter interface suggests a possible interaction between converter residue 759 and relay residue 509 in the actin-detached conformation, which is lost in R759E but is restored in N509K/R759E. This detailed kinetic analysis of Drosophila myosin carrying the R759E mutation shows that the interface between the relay loop and converter domain is important for fine-tuning myosin kinetics, in particular ATP binding and hydrolysis.

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6

Cui, Jian Tao, and Lu Juan Deng. "The Research of Frame-Relay Multipoint Interface Network Based on OSPF." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1617.

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Frame-relay and OSPF is a common application combination in engineering practice, A lot of problems need to be paid attention to when using different OSPF network type in different Frame-relay topology environment. Misconfiguration is more likely to cause network to run abnormally. According to the engineering practice of Frame-relay and OSPF, this paper puts forward the key problems in Frame-relay multipoint interface network running OSPF, and makes an intensive study of the main points of solving problems.

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7

Idris, Muhd Hafizi, Surya Hardi, and Mohd Zamri Hasan. "Teaching Distance Relay using Matlab/Simulink Graphical user Interface." Procedia Engineering 53 (2013): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.035.

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8

Qiu, Yu Tao, Jian Zi Zheng, Yi Wang, Tie Jun Hu, Yi Dong, and Xue Dong Li. "Study and Application of Integrated Online Check of the Counties." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.829.

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In order to make the relay protection setting value online checking work more scientific and perfect, this paper studies the integration of county of relay protection setting value online verification scheme based on. Firstly, the county to achieve the integration constant value on-line check the general introduction, focuses on the display data acquisition and the checking calculation; then the county integration interface setting strategy of online check, describes the intelligent interface of intelligent don't know County, interface verification principle and interface design check the principle of selection; finally summing junction surface setting technique of on-line verification.

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9

McMillan, A. J. "Isolated Interfaces — Will They Replace Barrier Devices?" Measurement and Control 19, no. 4 (May 1986): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029408601900401.

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Apart from relay systems, interface units not forming part of more complex items of apparatus were very rare in intrinsic safety, and for analogue circuits non-existent, until the development of the shunt diode safety barrier which first received recognition in 1964. The barrier device is now 21 years old and its limitations well known to us. In the last two or three years alternative interface units called generally ‘isolated interfaces’ have been developed and much is claimed for these — indeed there are those who claim that isolated interfaces are as big a technological breakthrough as was the barrier device before it. The objective of this article is to compare the isolated interface with the barrier and attempt to demonstrate just what advantages it possesses and how much of a breakthrough it really is.

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10

Léger, Liliane, and Costantino Creton. "Adhesion mechanisms at soft polymer interfaces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1869 (December 20, 2007): 1425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2166.

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Based on several significant examples, we analyse the adhesion mechanisms at soft polymer interfaces with a special emphasis first on the role of connector molecules, that is, polymer chains bound to the interface and which transmit stress through a stretching and extraction mechanism, and second on the necessary relay that must be taken by additional dissipation mechanisms acting at larger scales if one wants to reach typical fracture toughnesses in the range of a few 10 J m −2 . Examples of such bulk dissipation mechanisms will be discussed for interfaces between polymer melts and for pressure-sensitive adhesives in contact with a solid surface. We shall particularly point out the fact that the level of adhesion results from a competition between adhesive failure usually driven by both the interactions and the friction properties of the interface and bulk strong deformations which take place in the bulk of the adhesive layer. Controlling the friction properties of the interface then becomes a tool to finely tune adhesive properties.

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11

TAKE, Yasuhiro, and Tadahiro KURODA. "Relay Transmission Thruchip Interface with Low-Skew 3D Clock Distribution Network." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E98.C, no. 4 (2015): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e98.c.322.

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12

Wang, Jiaqi, Zhe Li, Cunku Dong, Yi Feng, Jing Yang, Hui Liu, and Xiwen Du. "Silver/Copper Interface for Relay Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 2763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b20545.

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13

Gong, Wen Tao. "The Design of Multi-Protocol Network Based on Point-to-Point Protocol and Frame Relay." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2293.

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Local area network and wide area network are different network protocols, small and medium enterprises due to the geographical distribution of discrete and interface diversity, leading to its needs to be compatible with different network protocols, it is difficult to use a single network protocol to realize network architecture, and due to the ipv4 address scarcity, making its application or maintenance cost greatly increased, based on this, this paper presents the design of multi-protocol network architecture based on point-to-point protocol and frame relay, and with the advantages of the router is compatible with a variety of interfaces and protocols to connect different network interfaces, the paper also gives the configuration of routing information protocol and static routing through local area network, the paper presents the core information of frame relay and point-to-point protocol among the routers, and the paper gives the realization of the network address translation in the end.

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14

Awtoniuk, Michał, Łukasz Ślizak, and Marcin Daniun. "AUTOTUNING OF PID CONTROLLER BY MEANS OF HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE DEVICE." Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering 2, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jteme.513.

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More and more control systems are based on industry microprocessors like PLC controllers (Programmable Logic Controller). The most commonly used control algorithm is PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) algorithm. Autotuning procedure is not available in every PLC. These controllers are typically used in cooperation with HMI (Human Machine Interface) devices. In the study two procedures of autotuning of the PID controller were implemented in the HMI device: step method and relay method. Six tuning rules for step methods and one for relay method were chosen. The autotuning procedures on simulated controlled object and PLC controller without build-in autotuning were tested. The object of control was first order system plus time delay.

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15

Zhang, Ming Zhu, Huai Qun Wang, and Yi Min Chen. "Development of PCBs Functional Tester with Relay Matrix Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.76.

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This paper presents the development of the PCBs functional tester and the application of matrix relay in this system. It is stressed on the structure of relay matrix switch and its basic control mode. A topology of cascaded relay switch network is also proposed. The relay matrix in switch networks can achieve flexible connections of I/O pins on the specific PCBs being tested with varies signal resources and output processing modules without any hardware changes in the different test flows, only by PLC program changes. Therefore, complex test wiring can be saved when interface varied, as well as the enhancement of systematic universality. .

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16

Zhu, Xiaoqing, Xiaoyan Zhang, Bolong Huang, Jing Li, and Erkang Wang. "An interfacial electron transfer relay center for accelerating the hydrogen evolution reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 31 (2019): 18304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05625d.

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17

Matsuda, Takayuki, Kazuyoshi Yoshida, Takafumi Maeda, Takayuki Yokoyama, Katsuhiko Sekiguchi, and Hachidai Ito. "Improvements in Operability and Maitainability of Protection Relay by Advanced Human-interface." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 114, no. 7-8 (1994): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.114.7-8_769.

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18

Zheleva, Mariya, and HyungJune Lee. "Power-Aware Relay Selection and Routing Scheme for Multi-Interface Sensor Networks." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 10, no. 3 (April 28, 2015): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2015.3.925.

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19

Ramanath, Seemanti, Qian Wang, Sanford I. Bernstein, and Douglas M. Swank. "Disrupting the Myosin Converter-Relay Interface Impairs Drosophila Indirect Flight Muscle Performance." Biophysical Journal 101, no. 5 (September 2011): 1114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.07.045.

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20

Li, Zhi Bo, Peng Gao, Jian Sheng Ma, and Yong Sheng Yan. "The Development of a Graphical Open-Ended Integrative Platform for Short-Circuit Calculation and Relay Setting of Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1802–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1802.

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To improve the efficiency and accuracy of relay setting calculation of power system, this paper proposed and developed a schematized and open-ended software platform in integrative relay setting. Through the advanced development of the Visio software, the graphical input of the target system topology and component parameters are made possible. The platform can automatically generate PSCAD simulation model according to the topology information and device parameters through an interface program to PSCAD, and use this power system simulation software to improve the accuracy of short-circuit current calculation. With the help of the Bookmark mechanism of WORD software, the platform provides a setting template with general protection components, which forms the basis to realize the open-ended platform. The platform also uses the API interface provided by WORD software to automatically generate the final relay protection setting report document according to the results of short-circuit current calculation and the selected protection setting components. This paper gives in detail the overall framework of the proposed platform, as well as the principle and practice of all the above parts. Moreover, the validity and practicality in improving the automation degree of the relay setting of power plant are shown through practical applications.

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21

Kavichai, Eakdanai, and Chirdpong Deelertpaiboon. "Street Lamps Monitoring System Using Relay Control Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.366.

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This research proposes a simple but very effective method to determine faulty street lamps by utilizing a microcontroller associated with relay control technique to analyze the current consumption of the lamps. With such approach, the lighting system can automatically report the number and the position of the faulty street lamp to the operator in the control room. As a consequence, the faulty street lamp can be quickly repaired. The user interface and controller are programmed in LabVIEW software. The result is verified by modeling street light system using five 100 watts incandescent light bulbs connected in parallel. The results of this research can be applied to improve the existing street light system especially in Thailand. Furthermore, equipment used in this research is cost effective.

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22

Xu, Jing Bo, Jian Song Zhang, and Hong Tao Yu. "HP3 Automatic Measurement System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 643 (September 2014): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.643.233.

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This paper introduce the thought of USB interface application, an automatic measurement system is as an example. The PC control system of automatic measurement by the Labview software programming, then control relay, and control the work state of the HP3. It shows that the design of USB interface application system is realized by using labview programming easy and high efficiency.

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23

Zade, Chetan, Aniket Kohpare, Abhishek Dharpawar, Anil More, Akash Chide, Amit Ghormode, and Vaishali Melekar. "Programing Relay Time Control Using ATMEGA 328 Microcontroller." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42424.

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Abstract: Digital timer switches are used to control the operation of electrical devices based on a programmed schedule. This project describes a programmable digital timer based on the ATMEGA328 microcontroller that can be programmed to schedule the on and off operation of an electrical appliance. The appliance is controlled through a relay switch. This timer switch allows you to set both on and off time. That means, you can program when do you want to turn the device on and for how long you want it to be remained on. The maximum time interval that you can set for on and off operation is 99 hours and 59 minutes. The project provides an interactive user interface using a 16×2 character LCD along with 4 push buttons Keywords: Relay, LCD Display (16X2), Clock Unit (DS3231). ULN 2803, ATmega-328

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24

Selvaperumal, Sathish Kumar, Waleed Al-Gumaei, Raed Abdulla, and Vinesh Thiruchelvam. "Integrated Wireless Monitoring System Using LoRa and Node-Red for University Building." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 3384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8297.

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This paper aims to design and develop a network infrastructure for a smart campus using the Internet of Things which can be used to control different devices and to update the management with real-time data. In this proposed system, NodeMCU ESP8266 is interfaced with thermal and motion sensor for human, humidity and temperature sensor for the room and relay to control the lights and the air-conditioned. MQTT broker is used to acquire the data and control to and from NodeMCU ESP8266, Raspberry pi and LoRa, to be interfaced wirelessly with the Node-Red. Thus, the system is controlled and monitored wirelessly with the help of the developed integrated Graphical User Interface along with the Mobile application. The performance of the developed proposed system is analyzed and evaluated by testing the motion detection in the classroom, the LoRa range with the RSSI, the average time taken by the system to respond, the average time taken for the Graphical User Interface to response and update its data. Finally, the average time taken by the system and the Graphical User Interface to respond to the lights and air-conditioned control systems is less than 1 s, and for the security and parking systems is less than 2 s.

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25

Shao, Guang Xian, Jun Lu, and Hao Yu. "Design and Research of Relay Protection Fiber Channel Intelligent Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.225.

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An intelligent management system for relay protection optical fiber channel is developed by B/S (Browser/Server, browser / server mode) structure and the system structure diagram is given. The design of the system function modules and database system client are described. The operation results show that the system has the advantages of simple operation and friendly interface. This system can satisfy four aspects about the system administrator, operator, tourists and user agent personnel to add, delete, modify, query and other job requirements.

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26

Zayats, Maya, Andrei B. Kharitonov, Eugenii Katz, and Itamar Willner. "An integrated relay/nitrate reductase field-effect transistor for the sensing of nitrate (NO3−)." Analyst 126, no. 5 (2001): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b102363m.

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An integrated enzyme-functionalized field-effect transistor (ENFET) device for the sensing of nitrate ions is described. An aminosiloxane-functionalized gate interface is modified with N-methyl-N′-(carboxyalkyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium relay units. The complex formed between nitrate reductase and the bipyridinium units on the gate surface is crosslinked with glutaric dialdehyde to yield a stable relay–enzyme layer on the gate interface. In the presence of sodium dithionite as electron donor, the biocatalyzed reduction of nitrate to nitrite ion is stimulated. The ratio between the oxidized and reduced states of the bipyridinium sites regulates the gate potential, and is controlled by the concentration of NO₃⁻ ions in the system. The effect of the chain length tethering the N-methyl-N′-(carboxyalkyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium units to the gate surface on the biocatalyzed reduction of NO₃⁻ ions, and on the NO₃⁻ FET sensor performance is discussed. The devices that include the bipyridinium units tethered to the gate interface with methylene chain length, –(CH₂)_n, where n ⩾ 7, reveal a detection limit of 7 × 10⁻⁵ M for nitrate and a sensitivity of 52 ± 2 mV dec⁻¹. The response time of the device is as low as 50 s, and the operational time of the system is ca. 85 s. We estimate the surface coverage of nitrate reductase on the gate surface to be ca. 1.2 × 10⁻¹² mol cm⁻².

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27

Effendi, Abdurachman, and M. Mas Ruri Yusuf. "Pembuatan Dan Pengujian Perangkat Beban Tiruan Sebagai Alat Kategori Dua Pada Praktikum Sistem Tenaga." Jurnal Temapela 2, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/temapela.2.1.1-10.2019.

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Abstrak Pada sistem Smart Grid yang memanfaatkan energi terbarukan dapat terjadi gangguan saat beban puncak, sehingga diperlukan analisa sistem pembebanan agar gangguan dapat diatasi. Pembebanan sistem smart grid pada sistem tenaga listrik dapat disimulasikan dan diemulasikan dengan menggunakan beban tiruan yang dibuat berdasarkan parameter sesuai kondisi riillnya, sehingga dapat diperkirakan besar kebutuhan daya dan kemampuan sistem tersebut. Desain perangkat beban tiruan terdiri atas beberapa komponen penting yaitu mikrokontroler, sensor, relay dan beban yang saling terintegrasi. Pengujian dilakukan dengan pengukuran pada masing-masing komponen, yaitu pengujian mikrokontroler (meliputi kontrol rele dan beban), pengujian sensor, dan pengujian hasil interface. Beban yang digunakan terdiri atas beban berupa lampu pijar, lampu led, lampu emergency, dan motor pompa. Data pengujian didapatkan dengan mengubah besar nilai pembebanan dari variasi relay. Variasi relay tersebut merupakan kombinasi dari 12 relay yang ada namun 1 relay telah digunakan untuk pengontrol kontaktor sehingga hanya 11 relay yang digunakan dalam kombinasi tersebut. Dengan pengujian perangkat beban tiruan mahasiswa mempelajari dan menganalisa pengaruh perubahan jenis beban terhadap profil daya dengan meniru profil beban yang dibuat berbeda. Perangkat beban tiruan dapat dibebani hingga 1385.89 watt dan dapat digunakan sebagai peralatan praktikum sistem tenaga bagi mahasiswa teknik elektro. Kata kunci : smart grid, load emulator, sistem tenaga.

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28

Shih, William M., and James A. Spudich. "The Myosin Relay Helix to Converter Interface Remains Intact throughout the Actomyosin ATPase Cycle." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 22 (February 21, 2001): 19491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m010887200.

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29

Wang, Yong Jie, and Zong Jin Qin. "Design of Lighting Circuit System Based on RS485 Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.788.

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This document demonstrates how to design a lighting circuit based on RS485 bus using STC89C52 chip. The whole circuit includes a main node, two from the node, the main circuit is composed of main control circuit, MAX485 bus interface circuit, display circuit, power supply circuit, a relay control circuit etc..

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30

Navin, Ranjan. "IOT Home Automation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39630.

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Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most recent technology platform. We may regulate our daily routine work, such as home applications, control, and simple communication systems, using IOT, and improve our digital services. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that intelligently adds everyday content information to the internet in order to facilitate communication between objects and humans, as well as among themselves. In this study, we demonstrate how IoT can improve home automation. The relay, Node MCU, which is a network access component, is used in our suggested system. We can control that equipment using an IoT-based system technique. Mobile phones, computers, and tablets are used as user interfaces in home automation systems. They can connect to the home automation network through a wireless internet connection. The user will interact with the system directly via the control interface, while home appliances will be controlled remotely via a mobile app. An additional aspect of the home automation system is that it may be protected remotely. This redesigned design concept provided a home automation system that could be controlled efficiently. Keywords: IOT, home automation, smart home, relay, response time, Node MCU (ESP8266)

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31

Shyamkumar, Prashanth, Sechang Oh, Nilanjan Banerjee, and Vijay K. Varadan. "A Wearable Remote Brain Machine Interface Using Smartphones and the Mobile Network." Advances in Science and Technology 85 (September 2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.85.11.

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A Remote Brain Machine Interface (RBMI) can be defined as a means to control a machine that is in a different geographical location than the user. Thus far, simulations for such interfaces using multiple channels of non-invasive EEG signals acquired through tethered systems have been used for control of vehicles in military and exploratory applications, and for ongoing research on RBMI controlled robotic surgery. However, simple applications of RBMI in home automation for the elderly, low cost assistive devices for the disabled, home security etc can be built using fewer and more portable sensor systems. As a case study, we have implemented such an interface using a smartphone for the RBMI. The system consists of a wearable Bluetooth-enabled head band with dry electrodes for EEG and EOG signals, a smartphone to collect and relay the data, a laptop with internet connectivity at a remote location to retrieve the data and generate control commands. In this paper, we describe the information architecture, the design of the wearable nanosensors and algorithms for control command generation based on EEG and EOG. A selected demonstration will be shown.

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32

Radhi Mahmood, Jawad, Ramzy Salim Ali, and Raed A. Abd-Alhameed. "PLC/HMI-Based Implementation of a Real-Time Educational Power System Protective Relays Platform." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010118.

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Engineering laboratories are key elements in engineering learning and are essential for a concrete understanding of engineering topics and experiments. These key laboratories are no longer just hardware-dependent, they are a creative combination of programmable hardware and also user-defined driving software. In this work, an educational power system protective relaying laboratory platform was designed and implemented using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and human–machine interface (HMI) in order to introduce engineering students to the operating mechanisms experimentally. It engaged the students in selecting settings and upgrading the inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) protection relays for overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage, and differential current. With the platform and the help of the HMI, the students mastered (or came close to mastering) the field of protective relays, especially those explicitly implemented in the platform. The students were also able to see the real-time response that is equivalent to the relay operation time of the protective relays under the various possible settings, and the kinesthetic learning that was involved gave them a deeper understanding of what is involved in relays upgrading.

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33

Jo, Youngjun, and Sangsoon Lim. "Design and implementation of heterogeneous surface gateway for underwater acoustic sensor network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp1226-1231.

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<span>Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) are used for diverse purposes such as pollution monitoring, disaster prevention and industrial sensing in the oceans. Especially, UASNs are mainly focusing on monitoring various underwater environmental data and delivering the data to a monitoring center where nearby or far from the deployed area. To reliably deliver the data, a surface gateway should convert acoustic signal to RF (Radio Frequency) signal. In this paper, we devise a multiple interfaces-based surface gateway that can connect both a cellular network and a Zigbee network. Depends on the service requirement, the surface gateway can easily adopt each wireless interface and relay the data to a low power ZigBee network or a long range CDMA network.</span>

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34

Suzuki, K., M. Ito, N. Ohtani, and S. Oda. "Development of a Digital PCM Current Differential Relay with 64 kbits/sec. Co-directional Interface." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 22, no. 9 (August 1989): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)53291-7.

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35

Qian, Yuwen, Jiahui Yan, Haibing Guan, Jun Li, Xiangwei Zhou, Shengjie Guo, and Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody. "Design of Hybrid Wireless and Power Line Sensor Networks With Dual-Interface Relay in IoT." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 1 (February 2019): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2017.2725451.

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36

Matanić, Dalibor, Hrvoje Haramina, and Vedran Sesar. "Sigurnosna analiza sučelja između relejnog uređaja automatskog pružnog bloka i elektroničkog uređaja automatskog željezničko-cestovnog prijelaza." Sigurnost 61, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.61.1.2.

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In the paper safety analysis of interface between electronic type of automatic level crossing device (LC) and relay based device of automatic block system (AB) is conducted for the purpose of indentifying the influence of their joint work on traffic safety. The analysis encompasses all potential failure cases in communication between observed signal-safety devices of AB and LC. Based on the results of the analysis it has been proved that the observed interface meets the safety criteria for application in railway transport, because if any failure occurs the respective signal-safety devices will always shift to a higher level of traffic safety, which is why it is not compromised.

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37

Klymenko, B. V., A. V. Eres'ko, I. S. Varshamova, and N. A. Lelyuk. "RESEARCH OF THE APPLICATIONS POSSIBILITY OF INTERFACE RELAY IN HYBRID SWITCHING SYSTEMS OF BISTABLE ACTUATORS WINDINGS." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 1 (March 12, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2016.1.04.

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38

Shen, Chao, Xingzhu Wang, Xiao-Fang Jiang, Hai Zhu, Feng Li, Jing Yang, Qing-Hua Xu, and Qing Wang. "Fast Charge Separation at Semiconductor Sensitizer–Molecular Relay Interface Leads to Significantly Enhanced Solar Cell Performance." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119, no. 18 (April 22, 2015): 9774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03313.

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39

Cheng, Tian-Le, You-Hai Wen, and Jeffrey A. Hawk. "Diffuse-Interface Modeling and Multiscale-Relay Simulation of Metal Oxidation Kinetics—With Revisit on Wagner’s Theory." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118, no. 2 (January 3, 2014): 1269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp409811e.

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40

Anand, M., and P. R. Kumar. "A Digital Interface for Gaussian Relay and Interference Networks: Lifting Codes From the Discrete Superposition Model." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 57, no. 5 (May 2011): 2548–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2011.2120070.

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41

Ghasri, Monireh Allah Gholi, and Ali Mohammad Afshin Hemmatyar. "A New Dynamic Optimal M2M RF Interface Setting in Relay Selection Algorithm (DORSA) for IoT Applications." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 5327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3140746.

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42

Zhang, Qian. "Relay vibration protection simulation experimental platform based on signal reconstruction of MATLAB software." Nonlinear Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2021-0037.

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Abstract For conceptual analysis of the principle of relay vibration protection, this article establishes the simulation system model of directional current protection in MATLAB/Simulink environment through the protection algorithm. Various outcomes have been achieved for the proposed approach during the faulty conditions. The outcomes obtained during the fault period reveals that the waveform of three-phase current changes greatly, and the amplitude of three-phase current at power supply side increases sharply. After 0.02s signal acquisition and processing, the action signal acts after 0.07s, and the fault is removed. In case of two-phase short-circuit, two-phase grounding short-circuit and other faults, the fault can be removed smoothly after signal acquisition and processing. In this paper, the directional current protection simulation system based on microcomputer protection model is built, and the changes of voltage, current and action signal are demonstrated through GUI interface, and analyzed and verified.

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43

Purba, Angelia M., Miduk Purba, Eva M Simatupang, and Arlina Pratiwi P. "PELATIHAN SMART RELAY / PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) GURU LISTRIK DI SMK SWASTA HKBP KOTA P. SIANTAR, PROV. SUMUT." PUAN INDONESIA 3, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37296/jpi.v3i2.79.

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Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) adalah pendidikan formal pada jenjang pendidikan menengah yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan kejuruan. Idealnya lulusan SMK akan langsung mendapatkan pekerjaan yang layak sesuai dengan kompetensi dan keterampilannya, paling tidak siap kerja. Pendidikan kejuruan merupakan jenis pendidikan yang berorientasi pada keterampilan khusus sesuai dengan jurusannya. Seyogianya lulusan pendidikan kejuruan akan mudah memasuki pasar. Fakta yang terjadi di lapangan tidak demikian. Dikutip dari News.okezone.com), lulusan SMK selama ini kurang memuaskan akibat kurangnya kompetensi dan keterampilan lulusan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dunia usaha dunia industri (DUDI). Kebutuhan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas di dunia industri menuntut SMK untuk membekali lulusannya sesuai dengan kompetensi-kompetensi yang dibutuhkan dunia usaha maupun dunia industri. Oleh karena itu SMK harus mempersiapkan peserta didiknya agar siap masuk ke dunia kerja dengan membekali berbagai macam kompetensi yang menunjang kebutuhan dunia kerja. Keberhasilan peserta didik dalam menguasai suatu kompetensi tidak lepas dari proses pendidikan. Salah satu bidang kompetensi yang berkembang begitu cepat saat ini adalah Teknologi Otomasi Industri, sehingga kompetensi semakin dibutuhkan dan menjadi tututan dewasa ini di lingkungan industri. Bidang kontrol otomasi industri banyak memberi kemudahan-kemudahan bagi masyarakat pengguna lebih khusus bagi seorang operator untuk mengoperasikan suatu sistim kontol. Dan Smart Relay/PLC yang dapat digunakan untuk mempermuda sistem pengontrolan yang dimaksud. Namun dalam pemanfaatannya smart relay/PLC harus diprogram secara khusus untuk menjalankannya. Dalam kurikulum SMK khususnya jurusan listrik, smart relay/PLC adalah pelajaran yang wajib diajarkan kepada siswa untuk meningkatkan kompetensi siswa, namun dengan terbatasnya peralatan modul dan guru yang mengajar bahkan ada sekolah yang sama sekali tidak mengajarkan khusus Smart Relay/PLC ini. Dalam lomba-lomba Ketrampilan Siswa (LKS) tingkat Nasional untuk SMK dengan jenis lomba bidang Electrical Instalasion beberapa tahun terakhir ini menjadi standar Nasional, Smart Relay/PLC sebagai pengontrol untuk suatu rangkaian instalasi yang dilengkapi dengan sensor-sensor, saklar-saklar, motor listrik dan peralatan lainnya. Smart Relay/PLC sudah menjadi standar lomba LKS tingkat Nasional. Untuk itu dengan melihat kondisi serta kebutuhan sekolah untuk menunjang pelajaran tentang smart relay/PLC maka sebagai institusi pendidikan vokasi terpanggil untuk membantu melengkapi peralatan dan pelatihan dasar Smart Relay/Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) dengan metode pembelajaran Trainer Human Machine Interface (Trainer HMI) untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru/pengajar dibidang kontrol industri.

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Ball, G. J., D. C. Blackburn, W. Gish, E. Gulachenski, E. A. Guro, E. W. Kalkstein, A. Pivec, et al. "Static power converters of 500 kW or less serving as the relay interface package for nonconventional generators." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 9, no. 3 (July 1994): 1325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.311159.

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45

Wang, X. J., and X. G. Fu. "Design of the Visualization Automatic Control System on the LPG Shuttle Kiln." Advanced Materials Research 670 (March 2013): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.670.26.

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By the design of the visualization system of the LPG shuttle kiln, the friendly man-machine interface is achieved, which is helpful for the change, expansion and upgrade of the system. It is studied that the general schemes of the visualization automatic control system of the LPG shuttle kiln in this article. The choice of the hardware devices, especially the system nucleus units including temperature transducer, A/D or D/A intelligent module, RS232/485 converter, relay, actuator, etc, and the connection and control strategy of the hardware of the control system, is analyzed emphatically. A/D or D/A intelligence module, RS232/485 converter, relay, actuator, the joint and control strategy of the hardware of the control system, etc. With the widely application of the intelligence control system, the foreground of the visualization system of the shuttle kiln will be better and better.

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46

Eryk, Irwan Heryanto, and Slamet Nurhadi. "STUDI PERENCANAAN PROTOTIPE SISTEM OTOMASI METERING GARDU INDUK MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE." JURNAL ELTEK 16, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v16i1.84.

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This research is studying the automation of substation monitoring system especially in metering equipment. It was aimed to plan and implemented the substation design that monitored with SIMATIC WinCC program. The equipments are PLC, PM-710, SIMATIC WinCC, Movicon, relay, MCB, CT and Transformers. It used 3 phase power supply connected to several load of Resistor (R),Inductor (L), and Capacitor (C). PM-710 was used to measure the outgoing load datas that connected and saved to Personal Computer (PC). The experiment were using the varied load. Base on the module, the power substation simulated with WinCC and the reading metering datas such as real power, apparent power and power factor also frequency by MOVICON that displayed in the PC monitor.

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47

Aloni, Ankit. "Smart Circuit Breaker." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37097.

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This project is to supply single phase home appliances. This project is used for an alternative for MCB. MCB is fault current protective device which trip on fault current which flows in the circuit. MCB are based on the thermal bimetallic trip mechanism which is very slow and tripping time is based upon percentage of overloads MCB having bimetallic trip which gets derated after some mechanical operation and cause unwanted tripping. All the above faults will be overcome by smart circuit breakers which provide all types of protection such as overload, under voltage, high temperature and short circuit protection, this type of protection is necessary because, now days all, appliance such as LCD, Air conditioner, Refrigerator, etc consist of electronic circuitry which is voltage sensitive and get damage at voltage fluctuation. This project also monitors and display fault on LCD and stores the data for further action. Smart circuit breaker is fast acting and sense relay as fast as possible and trips the relay within 100msec. than MCB which takes 1000msec. to 1600msec. In addition to that LM 35 temperature sensor is also interface to microcontroller by if temperature exceed 550C microcontroller will trip the relay. The intention to use temperature sensor is to detect fire hazard in domestic purpose as well as commercial purpose.

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Yuda Bakti Zainal. "Monitoring Dan Kendali Prototipe Sistem Kelistrikan Rumah Menggunakan Human Machine Interface (hmi)." Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik 11, no. 1 (September 16, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26874/jt.vol11no1.330.

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Pada penelitianini telah dirancang dan diaplikasikan sebuah sistem aplikasi mikro kontroler dengan menggunakan HMI untuk monitoring dankendali prototipe sistem kelistrikan rumah. Penggunaan HMI ini dimaksudkan agar didapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang komunikasi antara manusia dengan alat khususnya prototipe sistem kelistrikan rumah. Sistem yang dirancang ini terbagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu sistem mikrokontroler dan sistem komputer sebagai HMI. Bagian sistem mikrokontroler terdiri atas sebuah mikrokontroler Atmega8535 sebagai kontroler utama, IC LM35 sebagai sensor temperatur, sebuah LCD untuk menampilkan nilai temperatur, driver dan relay sebagai output dari sistem ini. Sedangkan pada bagian sistem komputer untuk HMI menggunakan software Visual Basic 6.OdankonverterUSB ke Serial digunakan untuk komunikasi dengan mikrokontroler. Dari hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem yang dirancang telah sesuai dengan spesifikasi dan fungsinya. Lampu sebagai beban output berhasil dinyalakan dan dimatikan dari HMI dikomputer. Temperatur ruang dan luar rumah pun dapat dimonitor secara realtime dengan trendingnya.

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Atma Novita, Firda Ayu, and Risfendra Risfendra. "Otomatisasi Manuver Beban Pada Jaringan Tegangan Menengah 20 Kv Menggunakan Arduino Mega 2560 Dan Scada." JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia 2, no. 2 (August 21, 2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v2i2.163.

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Manuver jaringan distribusi saat dilakukan pekerjaan maupun terjadi gangguan berada di wilayah sebelum recloser, maka beban setelah recloser harus dilimpahkan agar tidak padam. Pengoperasian beberapa peralatan switching berupa relay pada jaringan, dapat menggunakan SCADA atau secara jarak jauh seperti LBS, recloser dan PMT dan dapat secara local. Pengoperasian menggunakan SCADA ini dilakukan melalu Human Machine Interface (HMI) yang terdapat single line diagram wilayah tersebut. Simulasi ini dikontrol menggunakan arduino mega 2560 yang diprogram dengan mengembangkan bahasa C dan output disesuaikan dengan keadaan lapangan seperti yang akan disimulasikan.

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Mude, Prof Sandeep K., Pranay Bhagwate, Sarang Hedaoo, and Saurabh Sindhimeshram. "Super Capacitor to Enhance Charging Performance of Solar PV System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41526.

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Abstract: In this paper is to make an internal real time electrical phenomenon monitoring system. This can be achieved by coming up with an electrical phenomenon system, building the electronic equipment for correct voltage, current, solar radiation and temperature readings, and making an analysis information work that displays the monitored information during an easy charting interface. The model could potentially be adapted to service different types of photovoltaic systems to insure proper functioning and data monitoring. Keywords: Super-Capacitor, Solar Panel, PIC Microcontroller, Relay.

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