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1
Mucheroni, Marcos Luiz. "Interface Tesseracto UI and the Hologram." International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcicg.2019010105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Building Tesseracto UI-type holographic interfaces is one step significant interaction in interfaces of computational devices with interaction in 3D. This follows the idea that the best user interface is no interface device, in the space of the hypercube and the fourth dimension. The contact device detects haptic interfaces, at the same time the touch in a free space as contact is made from fine ultrasonic sensors corresponding to the hologram images. The prototype was developed using the vertical and horizontal ultrasonic devices and a display hologram. The device is still in the testing phase, but the connection with the computer screens is already possible, in a prototype environment.
2
Sakulin, Sergey, Alexander Alfimtsev, Evgeny Tipsin, Vladimir Devyatkov, and Dmitry Sokolov. "User Interface Distribution Method Based on Pi-Calculus." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 10, no. 3 (July 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2019070101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rapid growth of computing devices has led to the emergence of distributed user interfaces. A user interface is called distributed if a user can interact with it using several devices at the same time. Formal methods for designing such interfaces, in particular methods for the distribution of interface elements across multiple devices, are yet to be developed. This is the reason why every time a new application requires a distributed user interface, the latter has to be designed from scratch, rendering the entire venture economically inefficient. In order to minimize costs, unify and automate the development of distributed interfaces, we need to formulate general formal methods for designing distributed interfaces that will be independent from a particular application or device. This article paper proposes a formal distribution method based on the pi-calculus.
3
Yoon, Hyoseok, and Se-Ho Park. "A Non-Touchscreen Tactile Wearable Interface as an Alternative to Touchscreen-Based Wearable Devices." Sensors 20, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current consumer wearable devices such as smartwatches mostly rely on touchscreen-based user interfaces. Even though touch-based user interfaces help smartphone users quickly adapt to wearable devices with touchscreens, there exist several limitations. In this paper, we propose a non-touchscreen tactile wearable interface as an alternative to touchscreens on wearable devices. We designed and implemented a joystick-integrated smartwatch prototype to demonstrate our non-touchscreen tactile wearable interface. We iteratively improved and updated our prototype to improve and polish interaction ideas and prototype integration. To show feasibility of our approach, we compared and contrasted form factors of our prototype against the latest nine commercial smartwatches in terms of their dimensions. We also show response time and accuracy of our wearable interface to discuss our rationale for an alternative and usable wearable UI. With the proposed tactile wearable user interface, we believe our approach may serve as a cohesive single interaction device to enable various cross-device interaction scenarios and applications.
4
Abdulraheem, Yaser, Moustafa Ghannam, Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, and Ivan Gordon. "The Role of Silicon Heterojunction and TCO Barriers on the Operation of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: Comparison between Theory and Experiment." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (March 15, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6632180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Photovoltaic devices based on amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction interfaces hold the highest efficiency as of date in the class of silicon-based devices with efficiencies exceeding 26% and are regarded as a promising technology for large-scale terrestrial PV applications. The detailed understanding behind the operation of this type of device is crucial to improving and optimizing its performance. SHJ solar cells have primarily two main interfaces that play a major role in their operation: the transparent conductive oxide (TCO)/a-Si:H interface and the a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction interface. In the work presented here, a detailed analytical description is provided for the impact of both interfaces on the performance of such devices and especially on the device fill factor ( FF ). It has been found that the TCO work function can dramatically impact the FF by introducing a series resistance element in addition to limiting the forward biased current under illumination causing the well-known S-shape characteristic in the I-V curve of such devices. On the other hand, it is shown that the thermionic emission barrier at the heterojunction interface can play a major role in introducing an added series resistance factor due to the intrinsic a-Si:H buffer layer that is usually introduced to improve surface passivation. Theoretical explanation on the role of both interfaces on device operation based on 1D device simulation is experimentally verified. The I-V characteristics of fabricated devices were compared to the curves produced by simulation, and the observed degradation in the FF of fabricated devices was explained in light of analytical findings from simulation.
5
Yamaji, Tokiya, Hiroyuki Nakamoto, Hideo Ootaka, Ichiro Hirata, and Futoshi Kobayashi. "Rapid Prototyping Human Interfaces Using Stretchable Strain Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9893758.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the modern society with a variety of information electronic devices, human interfaces increase their importance in a boundary of a human and a device. In general, the human is required to get used to the device. Even if the device is designed as a universal device or a high-usability device, the device is not suitable for all users. The usability of the device depends on the individual user. Therefore, personalized and customized human interfaces are effective for the user. To create customized interfaces, we propose rapid prototyping human interfaces using stretchable strain sensors. The human interfaces comprise parts formed by a three-dimensional printer and the four strain sensors. The three-dimensional printer easily makes customized human interfaces. The outputs of the interface are calculated based on the sensor’s lengths. Experiments evaluate three human interfaces: a sheet-shaped interface, a sliding lever interface, and a tilting lever interface. We confirm that the three human interfaces obtain input operations with a high accuracy.
6
Kalinin, Sergei V., and Dawn A. Bonnell. "Scanning Impedance Microscopy: From Impedance Spectra to Impedance Images." Microscopy Today 10, no. 1 (February 2002): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500050471.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The properties and performance of electronic devices are crucially dependent on interface-related phenomena. The presence of interfaces can enable electronic device functionality (p-n diodes, solar cells); alternatively, non-functional interfaces can degrade device performance (ohmic vs. non-ohmic contacts). The most versatile tools for semiconductor interface characterization are ac (impedance spectroscopy, C-V) and dc (I-V) transport measurements. However, due to the lack of spatial resolution, these methods often cannot separate the contributions from electroactive interfaces and contacts. This is especially true for the non-traditional electronic materials such as semiconductive oxides, nitrides, conductive polymers, etc. Combined with the tendency towards miniaturization of electronic devices, this clearly necessitates spatially resolved ac and dc transport measurements.
7
Aloisio, Alessandro, and Alfredo Navarra. "Constrained Connectivity in Bounded X-Width Multi-Interface Networks." Algorithms 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13020031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As technology advances and the spreading of wireless devices grows, the establishment of interconnection networks is becoming crucial. Main activities that involve most of the people concern retrieving and sharing information from everywhere. In heterogeneous networks, devices can communicate by means of multiple interfaces. The choice of the most suitable interfaces to activate (switch-on) at each device results in the establishment of different connections. A connection is established when at its endpoints the devices activate at least one common interface. Each interface is assumed to consume a specific percentage of energy for its activation. This is referred to as the cost of an interface. Due to energy consumption issues, and the fact that most of the devices are battery powered, special effort must be devoted to suitable solutions that prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we consider the so-called p-Coverage problem where each device can activate at most p of its available interfaces in order to establish all the desired connections of a given network of devices. As the problem has been shown to be NP -hard even for p = 2 and unitary costs of the interfaces, algorithmic design activities have focused in particular topologies where the problem is optimally solvable. Following this trend, we first show that the problem is polynomially solvable for graphs (modeling the underlying network) of bounded treewidth by means of the Courcelle’s theorem. Then, we provide two optimal polynomial time algorithms to solve the problem in two subclasses of graphs with bounded treewidth that are graphs of bounded pathwidth and graphs of bounded carvingwidth. The two solutions are obtained by means of dynamic programming techniques.
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Nanjappan, Vijayakumar, Rongkai Shi, Hai-Ning Liang, Haoru Xiao, Kim King-Tong Lau, and Khalad Hasan. "Design of Interactions for Handheld Augmented Reality Devices Using Wearable Smart Textiles: Findings from a User Elicitation Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advanced developments in handheld devices’ interactive 3D graphics capabilities, processing power, and cloud computing have provided great potential for handheld augmented reality (HAR) applications, which allow users to access digital information anytime, anywhere. Nevertheless, existing interaction methods are still confined to the touch display, device camera, and built-in sensors of these handheld devices, which suffer from obtrusive interactions with AR content. Wearable fabric-based interfaces promote subtle, natural, and eyes-free interactions which are needed when performing interactions in dynamic environments. Prior studies explored the possibilities of using fabric-based wearable interfaces for head-mounted AR display (HMD) devices. The interface metaphors of HMD AR devices are inadequate for handheld AR devices as a typical HAR application require users to use only one hand to perform interactions. In this paper, we aim to investigate the use of a fabric-based wearable device as an alternative interface option for performing interactions with HAR applications. We elicited user-preferred gestures which are socially acceptable and comfortable to use for HAR devices. We also derived an interaction vocabulary of the wrist and thumb-to-index touch gestures, and present broader design guidelines for fabric-based wearable interfaces for handheld augmented reality applications.
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Li, Y. D., W. L. Zhen, S. R. Weng, H. J. Hu, R. Niu, Z. L. Yue, F. Xu, W. K. Zhu, and C. J. Zhang. "Interface effects of Schottky devices built from MoS2 and high work function metals." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 16 (February 21, 2022): 165001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac50db.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Schottky junctions, formed by high work function metals and semiconductors, are important devices in electronics and optoelectronics. The metal deposition in traditional Schottky interfaces usually damages the semiconductor surface and causes defect states, which reduces the Schottky barrier height and device performance. This can be avoided in the atomically smooth interface formed by two-dimensional (2D) metals and semiconductors. For better interface tailoring engineering, it is particularly important to understand various interface effects in such 2D Schottky devices under critical or boundary conditions. Here we report the fabrication and testing of three types of MoS2 devices, i.e., using PtTe2, Cr and Au as contact materials. While the Cr/MoS2 contact is an ohmic contact, the other two are Schottky contacts. The van-der-Waals interface of PtTe2–MoS2 results in a well-defined OFF state and a significant rectification ratio of 104. This parameter, together with an ideality factor 2.1, outperforms the device based on evaporated Au. Moreover, a device in the intermediate condition is also presented. An abrupt increase in the reverse current is observed and understood based on the enhanced tunneling current. Our work manifests the essential role of doping concentration and provides another example for 2D Schottky interface design.
10
Swanson, Amy, and Kristine Turville Delano. "Competitive Usability Analysis of Phone Interface for Television Text Entry." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 6 (September 2002): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600614.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As consumer electronics become more interactive, designers are increasingly looking for novel ways to control the user interfaces. With market competition and fast-track time to market constraints, devices that have a familiar use and appeal while being new in application are seen as advantageous. This evaluation looks at the usability of the familiar phone interface for text entry on televisions. How will users initially perceive the concept of phone interface? Will the current cell phone method of text entry be transparent to users? How does it compare to other text entry devices? Results indicate that the phone interface device is initially highly acceptable to users but fails dramatically in usability.
11
McMillan, A. J. "Isolated Interfaces — Will They Replace Barrier Devices?" Measurement and Control 19, no. 4 (May 1986): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029408601900401.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apart from relay systems, interface units not forming part of more complex items of apparatus were very rare in intrinsic safety, and for analogue circuits non-existent, until the development of the shunt diode safety barrier which first received recognition in 1964. The barrier device is now 21 years old and its limitations well known to us. In the last two or three years alternative interface units called generally ‘isolated interfaces’ have been developed and much is claimed for these — indeed there are those who claim that isolated interfaces are as big a technological breakthrough as was the barrier device before it. The objective of this article is to compare the isolated interface with the barrier and attempt to demonstrate just what advantages it possesses and how much of a breakthrough it really is.
12
Nikić, Marta, Aleksandar Opančar, Florian Hartmann, Ludovico Migliaccio, Marie Jakešová, Eric Daniel Głowacki, and Vedran Đerek. "Micropyramid structured photo capacitive interfaces." Nanotechnology 33, no. 24 (March 23, 2022): 245302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5927.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Optically driven electronic neuromodulation devices are a novel tool in basic research and offer new prospects in medical therapeutic applications. Optimal operation of such devices requires efficient light capture and charge generation, effective electrical communication across the device’s bioelectronic interface, conformal adhesion to the target tissue, and mechanical stability of the device during the lifetime of the implant—all of which can be tuned by spatial structuring of the device. We demonstrate a 3D structured opto-bioelectronic device—an organic electrolytic photocapacitor spatially designed by depositing the active device layers on an inverted micropyramid-shaped substrate. Ultrathin, transparent, and flexible micropyramid-shaped foil was fabricated by chemical vapour deposition of parylene C on silicon moulds containing arrays of inverted micropyramids, followed by a peel-off procedure. The capacitive current delivered by the devices showed a strong dependency on the underlying spatial structure. The device performance was evaluated by numerical modelling. We propose that the developed numerical model can be used as a basis for the design of future functional 3D design of opto-bioelectronic devices and electrodes.
13
Wada, Kazumi. "Cathodoluminescence characterization of two-dimensional interface structure of quantum wells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 754–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176903.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exotic properties shown by quantum well structures, typical structures of future electron devices, are sensitive to interface roughness. Extensive studies are, thus, focused on characterization of interface structures. Recent improvement in quantum wire fabrication technology demands for characterizing not only perpendicular-interfaces to the growth direction but also parallel-ones (sidewall-interfaces). Such sophistication needs innovation in two-dimensional and nondestructive characterization technology.In device structures, interfaces are generally located deep in bulk. STM which visualize surface atoms can not monitor such interface. It is, thus, difficult to two- dimensionally characterize the interfaces.Interface steps induce well width fluctuation, which modulates optical transition energy between ground subbands in conduction and valence bands. Thus, interface step structures can be characterized by luminescence spectroscopy. Cathodoluminescence basically meets demand for nondestructive characterization of interface structures in two dimensions.
14
Cao, Lianzhen, Xia Liu, Zhen Guo, and Lianqun Zhou. "Surface/Interface Engineering for Constructing Advanced Nanostructured Light-Emitting Diodes with Improved Performance: A Brief Review." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rise of nanoscience and nanotechnologies, especially the continuous deepening of research on low-dimensional materials and structures, various kinds of light-emitting devices based on nanometer-structured materials are gradually becoming the natural candidates for the next generation of advanced optoelectronic devices with improved performance through engineering their interface/surface properties. As dimensions of light-emitting devices are scaled down to the nanoscale, the plentitude of their surface/interface properties is one of the key factors for their dominating device performance. In this paper, firstly, the generation, classification, and influence of surface/interface states on nanometer optical devices will be given theoretically. Secondly, the relationship between the surface/interface properties and light-emitting diode device performance will be investigated, and the related physical mechanisms will be revealed by introducing classic examples. Especially, how to improve the performance of light-emitting diodes by using factors such as the surface/interface purification, quantum dots (QDs)-emitting layer, surface ligands, optimization of device architecture, and so on will be summarized. Finally, we explore the main influencing actors of research breakthroughs related to the surface/interface properties on the current and future applications for nanostructured light-emitting devices.
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Mildner, Alexander, Armin Janß, Jasmin Dell’Anna-Pudlik, Paul Merz, Martin Leucker, and Klaus Radermacher. "Device- and service profiles for integrated or systems based on open standards." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIntegrated OR systems nowadays are closed and proprietary, so that the interconnection of components from third-party vendors is only possible with high time and cost effort. An integrated operating theatre with open interfaces, giving clinical operators the opportunity to choose individual medical devices from different manufacturers, is currently being developed in the framework of the BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) funded project OR.NET [1]. Actual standards and concepts regarding technical feasibility and accreditation process do not cope with the requirements for modular integration based on an open standard. Therefore, strategies as well as service and device profiles to enable a procedure for risk management and certifiability are in the focus of the project work. Amongst others, a concept for User Interface Profiles (UI-Profiles) has been conceived in order to describe medical device functions and the entire user interface regarding Human-Machine-Interaction (HMI) characteristics with the aim to identify human-induced risks of central user interfaces. The use of standardized device and service profiles shall allow the manufacturers to integrate their medical devices in the OR.NET network, without disclosing the medical devices’ risk analysis and related confidential knowledge or proprietary information.
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Wong, Hei, Jieqiong Zhang, Hiroshi Iwai, and Kuniyuki Kakushima. "Characteristic Variabilities of Subnanometer EOT La2O3 Gate Dielectric Film of Nano CMOS Devices." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As CMOS devices are scaled down to a nanoscale range, characteristic variability has become a critical issue for yield and performance control of gigascale integrated circuit manufacturing. Nanoscale in size, few monolayers thick, and less thermally stable high-k interfaces all together cause more significant surface roughness-induced local electric field fluctuation and thus leads to a large device characteristic variability. This paper presents a comprehensive study and detailed discussion on the gate leakage variabilities of nanoscale devices corresponding to the surface roughness effects. By taking the W/La2O3/Si structure as an example, capacitance and leakage current variabilities were found to increase pronouncedly for samples even with a very low-temperature thermal annealing at 300 °C. These results can be explained consistently with the increase in surface roughness as a result of local oxidation at the La2O3/Si interface and the interface reactions at the W/La2O3 interface. The surface roughness effects are expected to be severe in future generations’ devices with even thinner gate dielectric film and smaller size of the devices.
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Turak, Ayse. "On the Role of LiF in Organic Optoelectronics." Electronic Materials 2, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 198–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2020016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organic optoelectronic device behaviour is heavily dependent on interfacial effects due to the device architecture and thickness. Interfaces between the inorganic electrodes and the active organic layers play a defining role in the all of the electronic and stability processes that occur in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells (OPVs). Amongst the many interlayers introduced at these interfaces to improve charge carrier movement and stability, LiF has proven to be the most successful and it is almost ubiquitous in all organic semiconductor devices. Implemented at both top and bottom contact interfaces, doped into the charge transporting layers, and used as encapsulants, LiF has played major roles in device performance and lifetime. This review highlights the use of LiF at both top and bottom contacts in organic optoelectronics, discusses the various mechanisms proposed for the utility of LiF at each interface, and explores its impact on device lifetimes. From examples relating to charge carrier flow, interfacial electronic level modification, and interfacial stability, a comprehensive picture of the role of LiF in organic devices can be formed. This review begins with a brief overview of the role of the interface in OLEDs and OPVs, and the general properties of LiF. Then, it discusses the implementation of LiF at the top contact electrode interface, followed by the bottom substrate contact electrode, examining both performance and degradation effects in both cases.
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Chen, Lijuan, Xiaoyan Li, Guoli Li, and Wei Hu. "Contact property depending on radiation intensity between the perovskite semiconductor layer and electrode film." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 12 (September 19, 2022): 121601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have been widely studied in high-performance optoelectronic devices. Long-term stability is a key limitation to date in restricting their further development and commercial application. In general, interface properties between a semiconductor and an electrode highly affect device performance and stability. Herein, contact characteristics between the perovskite and electrode varying with illumination status have been first investigated. The results suggest that device's contact resistance ( RC), obtained from a transfer length method, decreases as the incident light intensity increases. The RC under a higher irradiation intensity (1.26 mW/cm2) is about one-tenth of that at a lower density (0.08 mW/cm2). Simulation has been performed and shows a similar trend with experimental results. The interface physical model has been discussed based on an energy band theory. The band bending and barrier modulation at the interface under light illumination are originated from the surface states and the localized charges. This work explains the interface in determining device's fundamental properties, including stability, RC variation, and charge carrier transport process. It is significant in understanding the device working mechanism and providing a potential way for perovskite optoelectronic devices with enhanced stability and performance.
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Wang, Zhongwu, Hongzhen Lin, Xi Zhang, Jie Li, Xiaosong Chen, Shuguang Wang, Wenbin Gong, et al. "Revealing molecular conformation–induced stress at embedded interfaces of organic optoelectronic devices by sum frequency generation spectroscopy." Science Advances 7, no. 16 (April 2021): eabf8555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interface stresses are pervasive and critical in conventional optoelectronic devices and generally lead to many failures and reliability problems. However, detection of the interface stress embedded in organic optoelectronic devices is a long-standing problem, which causes the unknown relationship between interface stress and organic device stability (one key and unsettled issue for practical applications). In this study, a kind of previously unknown molecular conformation–induced stress is revealed at the organic embedded interface through sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy technique. This stress can be greater than 10 kcal/mol per nm2 and is sufficient to induce molecular disorder in the organic semiconductor layer (with energy below 8 kcal/mol per nm2), finally causing instability of the organic transistor. This study not only reveals interface stress in organic devices but also correlates instability of organic devices with the interface stress for the first time, offering an effective solution for improving device stability.
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Feng, Yu, Zhou Cui, Bo Wu, Jianwei Li, Hongkuan Yuan, and Hong Chen. "Giant magnetoresistance ratio in a current-perpendicular-to-plane spin valve based on an inverse Heusler alloy Ti2NiAl." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (August 8, 2019): 1658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Ti2NiAl inverse Heusler alloy based current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) spin valve (SV) with various kinds of atomic terminated interfaces has been designed to explore the potential application of Heusler alloys in spintronics devices. By performing first principles calculations combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function, it is revealed that spin magnetic moments of interfacial atoms suffer a decrease, and the electronic structure shows that the TiNiB-terminated structure possesses the largest interface spin polarization of ≈55%. Our study on spin-transport properties indicates that the total transmission coefficient at the Fermi level mainly comes from the contribution from the spin up electrons, which are regarded as the majority of the spin electrons. When the two electrodes of the CPP-SV device are in parallel magnetization configuration, the interface containing Ti and Ni atoms possesses a higher spin up transmission coefficient than the interface containing Ti and Al atoms. The device with the TiNiB-terminated interface possesses the largest magnetoresistance ratio of 3.28 × 105, and it has great application potential in spintronics devices.
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Turak, Ayse, Minh Nguyen, Felix Maye, Jonathan Heidkamp, Peter Lienerth, Jörg Wrachtrup, and Helmut Dosch. "Nanoscale Engineering of Exciton Dissociating Interfaces in Organic Photovoltaics." Journal of Nano Research 14 (April 2011): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.14.123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interfaces are inherent in and essential to organic electronic devices. At every interface, both organic/organic and organic/inorganic, the potential to utilize nanostructuring to control device performance is very high. In this paper, we focus on one example of nanostructuring at the donor/acceptor heterojunction in organic photovoltaics, with the purpose of modifing efficiency by four orders of magnitude. We show that the length of the exciton dissociating interface can be tuned by changing the substrate temperature for small molecule heterojunction photodiodes based on crystalline DIP/C60 mixtures. Due to the tuneable interface morphology, the performance of such devices can be changed from poor performing planar heterojunctions to higher efficiency ordered nanoscale bulk heterojunction structures. In this way, highly crystalline DIP can be thought of as a natural “bulk” heterojunction.
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Tai, Guojun, Dapeng Wei, Min Su, Pei Li, Lei Xie, and Jun Yang. "Force-Sensitive Interface Engineering in Flexible Pressure Sensors: A Review." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072652.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flexible pressure sensors have received extensive attention in recent years due to their great importance in intelligent electronic devices. In order to improve the sensing performance of flexible pressure sensors, researchers are committed to making improvements in device materials, force-sensitive interfaces, and device structures. This paper focuses on the force-sensitive interface engineering of the device, which listing the main preparation methods of various force-sensitive interface microstructures and describing their respective advantages and disadvantages from the working mechanisms and practical applications of the flexible pressure sensor. What is more, the device structures of the flexible pressure sensor are investigated with the regular and irregular force-sensitive interface and accordingly the influences of different device structures on the performance are discussed. Finally, we not only summarize diverse practical applications of the existing flexible pressure sensors controlled by the force-sensitive interface but also briefly discuss some existing problems and future prospects of how to improve the device performance through the adjustment of the force-sensitive interface.
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Najam, Faraz, Kah Cheong Lau, Cheng Siong Lim, Yun Seop Yu, and Michael Loong Peng Tan. "Metal oxide-graphene field-effect transistor: interface trap density extraction model." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (September 30, 2016): 1368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A simple to implement model is presented to extract interface trap density of graphene field effect transistors. The presence of interface trap states detrimentally affects the device drain current–gate voltage relationship I ds–V gs. At the moment, there is no analytical method available to extract the interface trap distribution of metal-oxide-graphene field effect transistor (MOGFET) devices. The model presented here extracts the interface trap distribution of MOGFET devices making use of available experimental capacitance–gate voltage C tot–V gs data and a basic set of equations used to define the device physics of MOGFET devices. The model was used to extract the interface trap distribution of 2 experimental devices. Device parameters calculated using the extracted interface trap distribution from the model, including surface potential, interface trap charge and interface trap capacitance compared very well with their respective experimental counterparts. The model enables accurate calculation of the surface potential affected by trap charge. Other models ignore the effect of trap charge and only calculate the ideal surface potential. Such ideal surface potential when used in a surface potential based drain current model will result in an inaccurate prediction of the drain current. Accurate calculation of surface potential that can later be used in drain current model is highlighted as a major advantage of the model.
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Kulkarni, Manjiri, and Dr S. P. Meharunnisa. "Study of Temperature Sensor (TMP139) based on I3C Interface." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: In the current digital world with all smart and compact devices, the monitoring and controlling aspects of device parameters is a crucial role. One such crucial parameter for a digital device is the heating of the device and its maintenance. Temperature sensors come into the picture for such controlling and monitoring applications, for example, in devices like laptops, handheld phones, SSD, and many other industrial devices. A temperature sensor with a high accuracy rate is introduced by Texas Instruments called TMP139, which uses the latest I3C protocol for its function. This paper relates to a study of this sensor that is compatible with the I3C protocol
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Alsana, Safira, Fitri Trapsilawati, and Titis Wijayanto. "Enabling health application accessibility through interface modalities for elderly." BIO Web of Conferences 28 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202802003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Along with the development of technology, the launching of new devices often leaves the usability problems for the elderly behind. It happens not only for devices but also its application, i.e., entertainment applications, health applications, learning applications, etc. Most of the time, the elderly find it hard to use due to its usability problems or unfamiliar feelings. This research focused on empirically investigating a health application interface so that elderly could use it easily without obstacles and help the treatment independently. Three interface modalities were tested, namely, textual, pictorial, and typing interfaces. The result showed that the option-based interfaces (i.e., textual and pictorial) led to shorter performance time than input-based interface (i.e., typing) among the three interfaces. Also, the pictorial interface has the highest SUS score. All respondents chose the pictorial interface as their first choice, enabling health application accessibility through the appropriate interface modality for the elderly.
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GENG, WEIDONG, WOLFGANG STRAUSS, MONIKA FLEISCHMANN, VLADIMIR ELISTRATOV, and MARINA KOLESNIK. "PERCEPTUAL USER INTERFACE IN VIRTUAL SHOPPING ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Image and Graphics 03, no. 02 (April 2003): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467803001056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we present our effort towards the goal of perceptual user interface for main interaction tasks, such as navigation/travel, selection/picking and personal data access in a virtual shopping environment. A set of 3D navigation devices, vision-based pointing and personal access system are mainly discussed. The motivation and design principles behind these interfaces are also described. A prototype integration solution which brings these devices together in a virtual shopping environment, is given. These interfaces and interaction devices have been implemented and are tested for evaluation.
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Wiseman, Sarah, Anna L. Cox, and Duncan P. Brumby. "Designing Devices With the Task in Mind." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55, no. 1 (January 24, 2013): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720812471988.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: We studied the patterns of digits and numbers used when programming infusion pumps with the aim of informing the design of number entry interfaces. Background: Number entry systems on medical devices are designed with little thought given to the numbers that will be entered. In other fields, text and number entry interfaces are designed specifically for the task that they will be used for. Doing so allows for faster and more accurate interaction. Method: In Study 1, logs were taken from infusion pumps used in a hospital. Information about the numbers being typed was extracted. For Study 2, three common number entry interfaces were evaluated in light of these results to determine which were best suited to the task of programming infusions. Results: There are clear patterns in the numbers being used in hospitals. The digit 0 is used far more frequently than any other digit. The numbers 1,000, 100, and 50 are used in nearly half of all infusions. Study 2 demonstrates that interfaces are not optimized for entering such data. Conclusion: Changes could be made to the design of the number entry interface on infusion pumps, leading to a reduction in the number of key presses necessary to program a device. We offer a set of four heuristics to guide the design of number entry interfaces on infusion devices. Application: Improving the design of the number entry interface of medical devices, such as infusion pumps, would lead to improved efficiency and a reduction in the likelihood of errors.
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Samorì, Paolo, and Fabio Biscarini. "Interface Engineering in Organic Devices." Advanced Materials Technologies 4, no. 5 (May 2019): 1900303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.201900303.
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ZAFARI, LEILY, JALAL JOMAAH, and GERARD GHIBAUDO. "MODELING AND SIMULATION OF COUPLING EFFECT ON LOW FREQUENCY NOISE IN ADVANCED SOI MOSFETS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 08, no. 01 (March 2008): L87—L94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477508004325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low frequency noise modeling and numerical simulation have been carried out to study the influence of the back interface quality and the silicon film thickness in Fully Depleted SOI MOSFETs, with special emphasis on the coupling effect. In devices with a standard film thickness, the noise level is higher than for an equivalent interface in bulk device, which could be a great concern for analog applications. On the other hand, it has been shown that in very thin SOI devices with a symmetrical structure (Double Gate architecture), the reduction of electric field in the silicon film, induces a conduction channel in the middle of the film, away from both interfaces which in turn reduces the scattering rate of carriers, decreasing the noise level.
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Bhawiyuga, Adhitya, Satria Adi Kharisma, Bagus Jati Santoso, Dany Primanita Kartikasari, and Annisa Puspa Kirana. "Cloud-based middleware for supporting batch and stream access over smart healthcare wearable device." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 1990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.1978.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In IoT-based smart healthcare services, the heterogeneity of connected wearable sensing devices open up a wide opportunity to develop various healthcare services. However, it also poses an interoperability challenge since each sensing device and application may have different communication mechanisms. Considering that challenge, web platform can be seen as a promising candidate for providing an interoperability layer as we can abstract various devices as single representation i.e. web resource. In this paper, we propose the design of middleware for enabling efficient web of things access over healthcare wearable devices. The proposed middleware consists of three components: gateway-to-cloud device, messaging service and data access interface. The gateway-to-cloud device has a role to perform low level sensor data collection from various wearable sensing device through bluetooth low energy (BLE) communication protocol. Collected data are then relayed to the cloud IoT platform using a lightweight MQTT messaging protocol. In order to provide device abstraction along with access to the stored data, the system offers two kind of interfaces: the Restful HTTP identified by unique universal resource locator (URL) for batch access and MQTT websocket interface identified by unique topic to accommodate access on sensing data in near real time stream manner.
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Kumar, Bimal Aklesh, and Shamina Hussein. "Heuristic Based User Interface Evaluation of Mobile Money Application." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2014040105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile money is creating entirely new opportunity for mobile devices and provides functionalities similar to e-commerce. The nature of these devices pose two major limitations that are small screen size and lack of input capability, which makes designing applications for mobile devices a challenging task. It is important that the user interface is user-friendly and help users easily obtain their desired results. This study applied heuristic evaluation to examine the interface of SMS based mobile money application provided by vodafone called M-Paisa in Fiji. User interface evaluation of this application based on seven heuristic involving fifteen experts is described. The results show that there are minor usability problems with M-Paisa interfaces and we provide our recommendations to address them. Findings of this research can be applied to develop a set of guidelines to support the future design of effective interfaces for other mobile money applications.
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Ahlrichs, Claas, Michael Lawo, and Hendrik Iben. "An Abstract User Interface Framework for Mobile and Wearable Devices." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaci.2011070104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the future, mobile and wearable devices will increasingly be used for interaction with surrounding technologies. When developing applications for those devices, one usually has to implement the same application for each individual device. Thus a unified framework could drastically reduce development efforts. This paper presents a framework that facilitates the development of context-aware user interfaces (UIs) with reusable components for those devices. It is based on an abstract description of an envisioned UI which is used to generate a context- and device-specific representation at run-time. Rendition in various modalities and adaption of the generated representation are also supported.
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Hirasawa, Junichi. "Display User Interface (1); Speech Interface for Display Devices." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 68, no. 7 (2014): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.68.546.
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Nakamura, Yasuyuki, and Takahiro Nakahara. "A New Mathematics Input Interface with Flick Operation for Mobile Devices." MSOR Connections 15, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/msor.v15i2.413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Developing online test environments for e-learning on mobile devices will be useful for increasing drill practice opportunities. To provide a drill practice environment for calculus using an online mathematics test system, such as STACK, we developed a flickable mathematics input interface that can be easily used on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The interface developed using JavaScript and MathDox is mainly for entering mathematical expressions. When the alphabet or number keys on the interface are touched, various candidates of operation appear around the touched key. Flicking in either the leftward, rightward, upward, or downward direction performs the required operation, depending on the selected key. The number of key taps required for entering mathematical expressions on a mobile device using the proposed mathematics input interface is compared with the number of key taps required in direct input; direct input involves using the built-in keyboard of a device. The number of key taps is considerably reduced when using the new mathematics input interface. Furthermore, our new mathematics input interface is compatible with traditional keyboards. The keyboard is automatically selected based on the types of devices being used.
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Bragaglia, Valeria, Vara Prasad Jonnalagadda, Marilyne Sousa, Syed Ghazi Sarwat, Benedikt Kersting, and Abu Sebastian. "Structural Assessment of Interfaces in Projected Phase-Change Memory." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-volatile memories based on phase-change materials have gained ground for applications in analog in-memory computing. Nonetheless, non-idealities inherent to the material result in device resistance variations that impair the achievable numerical precision. Projected-type phase-change memory devices reduce these non-idealities. In a projected phase-change memory, the phase-change storage mechanism is decoupled from the information retrieval process by using projection of the phase-change material’s phase configuration onto a projection liner. It has been suggested that the interface resistance between the phase-change material and the projection liner is an important parameter that dictates the efficacy of the projection. In this work, we establish a metrology framework to assess and understand the relevant the structural properties of the interfaces in thin films contained in projected memory devices. Using X-ray reflectivity, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, we investigate the quality of the interfaces and the layers’ properties. Using demonstrator examples of Sb and Sb2Te3 phase-change materials, new deposition routes as well as stack designs are proposed to enhance the phase-change material to a projection-liner interface and the robustness of material stacks in the devices.
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de Vries, Bauke, Henri Achten, Maciej Orzechowski, Amy Tan, Nicole Segers, Vincent Tabak, Joran Jessurun, and Marc Coomans. "The Tangible Interface: Experiments as an Integral Part of a Research Strategy." International Journal of Architectural Computing 1, no. 2 (June 2003): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147807703771799148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Human-Computer interface is crucial to good design support tools. It has to be non-interruptive and non-distracting, yet allow the architect to interact with the computer software. The physical reality of the interface, such as the shape and manipulability of devices like the mouse, keyboard, joystick, or data-glove, has to be mapped on actions and commands in the software. Already the current user interfaces are felt to be inadequate for a good support of design, and the functionality of design tools is growing, requiring even more and new physical interface devices. In this paper, we present research on new tangible interfaces for architectural design support. In particular, we focus on the research methodological question how to investigate such devices. The research strategy is introduced and discussed, after which concrete implementations of this strategy are shown. Based on this work, we conclude that the combination of interface and the context of its use in terms of design method and user needs form crucial aspects for such research and cannot be considered separately.
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Du, Wanyi, Yuanyuan Huang, Yixuan Zhou, and Xinlong Xu. "Terahertz interface physics: from terahertz wave propagation to terahertz wave generation." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 22 (February 4, 2022): 223002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac3f58.
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Abstract Terahertz (THz) interface physics as a new interdiscipline between the THz technique and condensed matter physics has undergone rapid development in recent years. In particular, the development of advanced materials, such as graphene, transitional metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators, ferromagnetic metals, and metamaterials, has revolutionized the interface field and further promoted the development of THz functional devices based on interface physics. Moreover, playing at the interface of these advanced materials could unveil a wealth of fascinating physical effects such as charge transfer, proximity effect, inverse spin-Hall effect, and Rashba effect with THz technology by engineering the charge, spin, orbit, valley, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this review, we start with a discussion of the basic theory of THz interface physics, including interface formation with advanced materials, THz wave reflection and transmission at the interface, and band alignment and charge dynamics at the interface. Then we move to recent progress in advanced materials from THz wave propagation to THz wave generation at the interface. In THz wave propagation, we focus on THz wave impedance-matching, Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov shifts in THz region, interfacial modulation and interfacial sensing based on THz waves. In THz wave generation, we summarize ongoing coherent THz wave generation from van der Waals interfaces, multiferroic interfaces, and magnetic interfaces. The fascinating THz interface physics of advanced materials is promising and promotes novel THz functional devices for manipulating propagation and generation of THz waves at interfaces.
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Li, Wenjie, Yuxiao Zhou, Shijian Luo, and Yenan Dong. "Design Factors to Improve the Consistency and Sustainable User Experience of Responsive Interface Design." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159131.
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Computers have been extended to a variety of devices, such as smart phones, tablets, and smart watches, thereby increasing the importance of responsive interfaces across multi-terminal devices. To ensure a consistent and sustainable user experience for websites and software products, it is important to study the layout, design elements, and users’ visual perception of different terminal interfaces. In this paper, the multi-terminal interfaces of 40 existing responsive websites were studied in a hierarchical grouping experiment, and six typical interface layouts were classified and extracted. Then, the main design factors affecting interface consistency of the responsive website were extracted and classified through eye tracking and a questionnaire survey. Finally, taking a sales management software tool (SA) as an example for design application, we successfully created responsive interfaces across multi-terminal devices with a consistent and sustainable experience.
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Tasnim, Farita, Atieh Sadraei, Bianca Datta, Mina Khan, Kyung Yun Choi, Atharva Sahasrabudhe, Tomás Alfonso Vega Gálvez, et al. "Towards personalized medicine: the evolution of imperceptible health-care technologies." foresight 20, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-08-2018-0075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose When wearable and implantable devices first arose in the 1970s, they were rigid and clashed dramatically with our soft, pliable skin and organs. The past two decades have witnessed a major upheaval in these devices. Traditional electronics are six orders of magnitude stiffer than soft tissue. As a result, when rigid electronics are integrated with the human body, severe challenges in both mechanical and geometrical form mismatch occur. This mismatch creates an uneven contact at the interface of soft-tissue, leading to noisy and unreliable data gathering of the body’s vital signs. This paper aims to predict the role that discreet, seamless medical devices will play in personalized health care by discussing novel solutions for alleviating this interface mismatch and exploring the challenges in developing and commercializing such devices. Design methodology/approach Since the form factors of biology cannot be changed to match those of rigid devices, conformable devices that mimic the shape and mechanical properties of soft body tissue must be designed and fabricated. These conformable devices play the role of imperceptible medical interfaces. Such interfaces can help scientists and medical practitioners to gain further insights into the body by providing an accurate and reliable instrument that can conform closely to the target areas of interest for continuous, long-term monitoring of the human body, while improving user experience. Findings The authors have highlighted current attempts of mechanically adaptive devices for health care, and the authors forecast key aspects for the future of these conformable biomedical devices and the ways in which these devices will revolutionize how health care is administered or obtained. Originality/value The authors conclude this paper with the perspective on the challenges of implementing this technology for practical use, including device packaging, environmental life cycle, data privacy, industry partnership and collaboration.
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Nam, Sang Hun, Ji Yong Lee, and Jung Yoon Kim. "Biological-Signal-Based User-Interface System for Virtual-Reality Applications for Healthcare." Journal of Sensors 2018 (July 29, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9054758.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biosignal interfaces provide important data that reveal the physical status of a user, and they are used in the medical field for patient health status monitoring, medical automation, or rehabilitation services. Biosignals can be used in developing new contents, in conjunction with virtual reality, and are important factors for extracting user emotion or measuring user experience. A biological-signal-based user-interface system composed of sensor devices, a user-interface system, and an application that can extract biological-signal data from multiple biological-signal devices and be used by content developers was designed. A network-based protocol was used for unconstrained use of the device so that the biological signals can be freely received via USB, Bluetooth, WiFi, and an internal system module. A system that can extract biological-signal data from multiple biological-signal data and simultaneously extract and analyze the data from a virtual-reality-specific eye-tracking device was developed so that users who develop healthcare contents based on virtual-reality technology can easily use the biological signals.
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Chen, Xiao Rong, and Jie Feng. "An Investigation on Resistive Switching Characteristics Induced by HfOx and Electrode Interfaces." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pt/HfOx/Pt resistive switching devices with symmetric electrodes were fabricated. Bipolar resistive switching (RS) behaviors and unipolar behaviors were then observed under a positive/negative bias applied to the top electrode (TE). A comparison and analysis of bipolar/unipolar RS behaviors under different voltage polarities was then performed.The results demonstrated that bipolar RS was achieved via a drift of anion (O2-) under the electric field resulting in the rupture and recovery of filaments at the interface. When the filaments dissolved and formed at the interface near BE, the performance of the bipolar RS devices was better. However, for unipolar RS devices, when filaments dissolved and formed at the interface near TE, the performance was even better. These results indicated that a drift of O2-caused by electric field and a diffusion of O2-induced by Joule heat were the main reasons for unipolar RS. The different characteristics of the bipolar and unipolar devices can be attributed to the existence of a different number of defects at the active interface of the devices. This was where the rupture and recovery of filaments occurred. The results also indicate that the active interface is more important than other interfaces for RRAM performance.
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Wagner, Tino, Fabian Menges, Heike Riel, Bernd Gotsmann, and Andreas Stemmer. "Combined scanning probe electronic and thermal characterization of an indium arsenide nanowire." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (January 11, 2018): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As electronic devices are downsized, physical processes at the interface to electrodes may dominate and limit device performance. A crucial step towards device optimization is being able to separate such contact effects from intrinsic device properties. Likewise, an increased local temperature due to Joule heating at contacts and the formation of hot spots may put limits on device integration. Therefore, being able to observe profiles of both electronic and thermal device properties at the nanoscale is important. Here, we show measurements by scanning thermal and Kelvin probe force microscopy of the same 60 nm diameter indium arsenide nanowire in operation. The observed temperature along the wire is substantially elevated near the contacts and deviates from the bell-shaped temperature profile one would expect from homogeneous heating. Voltage profiles acquired by Kelvin probe force microscopy not only allow us to determine the electrical nanowire conductivity, but also to identify and quantify sizable and non-linear contact resistances at the buried nanowire–electrode interfaces. Complementing these data with thermal measurements, we obtain a device model further permitting separate extraction of the local thermal nanowire and interface conductivities.
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Huynh, Ho, Dang, and Kim. "Sensitivity of Piezoelectric-Based Smart Interfaces to Structural Damage in Bolted Connections." Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 3670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study presents a set of experimental and numerical investigations to study the sensitivity of the piezoelectric-based smart interface device to structural damage in a bolted connection. The study aims to identify the proper geometric sizes of smart interfaces for damage detection tasks. First, the fundamentals of the damage monitoring technique via lead zirconate titanate(PZT) interface is briefly described for a bolted connection. Second, a lab-scaled girder connection is selected as the test structure for the experimental investigation. PZT interface prototypes with varying geometric sizes are designed for the test connection. Under the bolt-loosening inflicted in the connection, the impedance responses of the PZT interfaces are analyzed to understand the effect of geometric parameters on the damage sensitivity of the impedance responses. Subsequently, the bolt-loosening detection capabilities of the PZT interfaces are comparatively evaluated for identifying the proper geometric sizes of the devices. Finally, a finite element model of the PZT interface-bolted connection system is established for the numerical investigation. The damage sensitivity of the numerical impedance responses is compared with the experimental results for the verification.
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Gordleeva, S. Yu, S. A. Lobov, V. I. Mironov, I. A. Kastalskiy, M. V. Lukoyanov, N. P. Krilova, I. V. Mukhina, A. Ya Kaplan, and V. B. Kazantsev. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX CONTROLLING ROBOTIC DEVICES BY MEANS OF BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS OF THE BRAIN AND MUSCLES." Science and Innovations in Medicine 1, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2016-0-3-77-82.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim - to develop a hardware-software complex with combined command-proportional control of robotic devices based on electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Materials and methods. EMG and EEG signals are recorded using our original units. The system also supports a number of commercial EEG and EMG recording systems, such as NVX52 (MCS ltd, Russia), DELSYS Trigno (Delsys Inc, USA), MYO Thalmic (Thalmic Labs, Canada). Raw signals undergo preprocessing and feature extraction. Then features are fed to classifiers. The interpretation unit controls robotic devices on the base of classified EEG- and EMG-patterns and muscle effort estimation. The number of controlled devices includes mobile robot LEGO NXT Mindstorms (LEGO, Denmark), humanoid robot NAO (Aldebaran, France) and exoskeleton Ilia Muromets (UNN, Russia). Results. We have developed and tested an interface combining command and proportional control based on EMG signals. We have determined the parameters providing optimal characteristics of classification accuracy of EMG patterns, as well as the speed and accuracy of proportional control. Also we have developed and tested a BCI interface based on motor imagined patterns. Both EMG and EEG interfaces are included into hardware and software system. The system combines outputs of the interfaces and sends commands to a robotic device. Conclusion. We have developed and approved the hardware-software system on the basis of the combined command-proportional EMG and EEG control of external robotic devices.
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Ahsan, Talha, Farrukh Zeeshan khan, Zeshan Iqbal, Muneer Ahmed, Roobaea Alroobaea, Abdullah M. Baqasah, Ihsan Ali, and Muhammad Ahsan Raza. "IoT Devices, User Authentication, and Data Management in a Secure, Validated Manner through the Blockchain System." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 8, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8570064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advancement in technology has led to innovation in equipment, and the number of devices is increasing every day. Industries are introducing new devices every day and predicting 50 billion connected devices by 2022. These devices are deployed through the Internet, called the Internet of Things (IoT). Applications of IoT devices are weather prediction, monitoring surgery in hospitals, identification of animals using biochips, providing tracking connectivity in automobiles, smart home appliances, etc. IoT devices have limitations related to security at both the software and hardware ends. Secure user interfaces can overcome software-level limitations like front-end-user interfaces are accessed easily through public and private networks. The front-end interfaces are connected to the localized storage to contain data produced by the IoT devices. Localized storage deployed in a closed environment connected to IoT devices is more efficient than online servers from a security perspective. Blockchain has emerged as a technology or technique with capabilities to achieve secure administrational authentication and accessibility to IoT devices and their computationally produced data in a decentralized way with high reliability, interrogation, and resilience. In this paper, we propose device, end-user, and transactional authentication techniques using blockchain-embedded algorithms. The localized server interacts with the user interface to authenticate IoT devices, end-users, and their access to IoT devices. The localized server provides efficiency by reducing the load on the IoT devices by carrying out end-user heavy computational data, including end-user, IoT device authentication, and communicational transactions. Authentication data are placed on the public ledger in block form, distributed over the system nodes through blockchain algorithms.
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Yen, Cheng Tyng, Hsiang Ting Hung, Chien Chung Hung, Chwan Ying Lee, Lurng Shehng Lee, Yao Feng Huang, Tzu Ming Yang, and Chi Yin Cheng. "Effect of Fixed Oxide Charges and Donor-Like Interface Traps on the Breakdown Voltage of SiC Devices with FGR and JTE Terminations." Materials Science Forum 821-823 (June 2015): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.729.
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The influences of positive fixed oxide charges and donor-like interface traps on breakdown voltages of SiC devices with FGR and JTE terminations were studied. The breakdown voltages of devices with both FGR and JTE terminations were found to degrade when the level of fixed oxide charges overs 1×1012 cm-2 due to enhancement of junction curvature by fixed oxide charges. The introduction of donor-like interface traps at the interface shows similar behaviors as fixed positive charges, suggested that both fixed oxide charges and interface traps should be taken into account when one optimizes device designs and processes.
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Hersam, M. C., and R. G. Reifenberger. "Charge Transport through Molecular Junctions." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 6 (June 2004): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.120.
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AbstractIn conventional solid-state electronic devices, junctions and interfaces play a significant if not dominant role in controlling charge transport. Although the emerging field of molecular electronics often focuses on the properties of the molecule in the design and understanding of device behavior, the effects of interfaces and junctions are often of comparable importance. This article explores recent work in the study of metal–molecule–metal and semiconductor–molecule–metal junctions. Specific issues include the mixing of discrete molecular levels with the metal continuum, charge transfer between molecules and semiconductors, electron-stimulated desorption, and resonant tunneling. By acknowledging the consequences of junction/interface effects, realistic prospects and limitations can be identified for molecular electronic devices.
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Li, Zhenxing, Deepak Akkil, and Roope Raisamo. "Gaze-based Kinaesthetic Interaction for Virtual Reality." Interacting with Computers 32, no. 1 (January 2020): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iwcomp/iwaa002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Kinaesthetic interaction using force-feedback devices is promising in virtual reality. However, the devices are currently not suitable for interactions within large virtual spaces because of their limited workspace. We developed a novel gaze-based kinaesthetic interface that employs the user’s gaze to relocate the device workspace. The workspace switches to a new location when the user pulls the mechanical arm of the device to its reset position and gazes at the new target. This design enables the robust relocating of device workspace, thus achieving an infinite interaction space, and simultaneously maintains a flexible hand-based kinaesthetic exploration. We compared the new interface with the scaling-based traditional interface in an experiment involving softness and smoothness discrimination. Our results showed that the gaze-based interface performs better than the traditional interface, in terms of efficiency and kinaesthetic perception. It improves the user experience for kinaesthetic interaction in virtual reality without increasing eye strain.
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Hegarty, Rosaleen, Tom Lunney, Kevin Curran, and Maurice Mulvenna. "Ambient Interface Design (AID) for the Ergonomically Challenged." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaci.2010040104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile devices offer convenient communication capabilities and have the potential to create intermediary support for ergonomically challenged users. With the global proliferation of increasing longevity, assisting the elderly and those living with impediments through human engineering and computing technology is pivotal to biotechnological attainment. To remain independently empowered, seamless integrations through efficient affable interfaces are required to provide sedulous location-independent and appliance-sensitive media viewing for the user. The Ambient Interface Design (AID) system assists with finding personal preferences and provides a synchronisation framework, coordinating connectivity across various environmentally distributed devices via sensor data mapping. Cooperative interface communication coupled with context awareness will be abstracted to a representation that facilitates optimisation and customisation to these displays. To overcome personal challenges in the efficient selection and acquisition of online information, AID mediates between the needs of the user and the constraints of the technology to provide a singular customised encapsulation of ‘ability preference and device’ for each authenticated member. A particular emphasis is the application of a human-centered design ethos.
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Zhang, Xiaodong, Xing Wei, Peipei Zhang, Hui Zhang, Li Zhang, Xuguang Deng, Yaming Fan, et al. "Low Threshold Voltage Shift in AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs on Si Substrate Using SiNx/SiON as Composite Gate Dielectric." Electronics 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060895.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study has demonstrated AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) on Si substrates with a SiNx/SiON composite gate dielectric. The threshold voltage shift in the devices was investigated. The MIS-HEMTs with the SiNx/SiON composite gate dielectric exhibited superior threshold voltage uniformity and small threshold voltage hysteresis than the reference device with SiNx only gate dielectric. The variation of the device threshold voltage was mainly related to trapping process by the interface states, as confirmed by band diagrams of MIS-HEMTs at different gate biases. Based on frequency-dependent capacitance measurements, interface state densities of the devices with the composite and single gate dielectrics were extracted, where the former showed much smaller interface state density. These results indicate that the SiNx/SiON composite gate dielectric can effectively improve the device performance of GaN-based MIS-HEMTs and contribute to the development of high-performance GaN electronic devices.