Дисертації з теми "Intérêt collectif des créanciers"
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Thomas, Arnaud. "L'indemnisation de l'impayé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100152.
Повний текст джерелаThe creditor of a sum of money may be deprived of payment through the fault of a third party. These can happen under many circumstances. For example, the creditor may have asked a third party to take action to recover the debt, and that third-party may have failed to carry out its obligations. On the other hand, the third party's action may be entirely unsolicited but still interferes with the debt collection process. In either case, the creditor who has been deprived of payment may seek damages from the third party whom he holds liable for his unpaid claim.There is a considerable amount of litigation in this area, particularly against legal professionals. However, there is no legal framework governing the compensation of creditors who have been deprived of payment through the fault of a third party. Sometimes referred to as the loss of the claim [“perte de la créance”] or the loss of the chance of payment[“perte de chance d’un paiement”], the damage that the creditor of a sum of money might suffer is not clearly identified. As a result, courts and academic writers have been rather hesitant as to the amount of compensation to be paid to the creditor by the third party and whether such compensation should depend on the exhaustion of all means of recovering the debt.A proposal for a new identification of the damage, suffered by the creditor of a sum of money, thus tends to give rise to a clearer legal framework.The purpose of this dissertation is also to shed light on the specific system of compensation for creditors of the same debtor who is subject to bankruptcy proceedings. Indeed, French courts have created a mechanism of collective compensation for creditors in the event of a fault attributable to a third party. However, this mechanism has proved to be inconsistent and ineffective. This current mechanism could be replaced by a new system of individual compensation for creditors at the request of the bankruptcy Trustee.This dissertation thus examines, and proposes to amend, the issue of compensation for unpaid debts both from a general perspective and in the context of the debtor's bankruptcy proceedings
Gnanou, Edgard. "Contrôle et évolution des conflits entre intérêt individuel et intérêt collectif." Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0508.
Повний текст джерелаOrganization cannot be maintened, subsist and be developped without the control of its finalities and its members. The coherence of finabilities of organization and of its members compose the condition of the guarantee of success. Two aspects are often proposed on this theme: -the first part of the theory is that the company is a place of personal interests -the second considers the company as a centre of consensus where collective interests nonetheless allow individual expression. The object of our study is to develop, illustrate and validate a conceptual framework which associate several models leading to organization's goals. Case studies illustrate this framework by proposing two characteristics of the convergence of finalities in an organization. These two aspects are both complementary and contradictory. They allow to design on annalyses framework with our types of context. Case studies show the results obtained in important public and private companies. The conflictual "champs de force" of the areas studied are unbalanced. To summarize, when the "forces" go in one direction without being compensated by equivalent "forces" in the opposite direction, they tend to decrease and weaken with time until a downhill balance is attained. This weakening can be avoided by strengthening the type of increase, between a convergence of individual and collective results. These cases illustrate the use of internal audit, management control and corporate control to pilot this rebalancing. These elements allow correction of the components of organic and collective solidarity at each stage
Bosc, Lionel. "Le préjudice collectif : contribution à l'étude des atteintes à l'intérêt collectif." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10032.
Повний текст джерелаThe time has come to protect the collective interest and civil liability law cannot ignore the threats posed to this interest. Are such breaches sufficient to be qualified as collective damage? Nothing is less certain. Having become the alpha and the omega of civil liability, collective damage irreversibly continues its growth. Defined by its personal character, the damage seems to be reluctant to receive a collective quality. However, both doctrine and case law regularly take into account compensation for collective damage when the subject of a dispute relates to an interest qualified as collective. In fact, an analysis of positive law shows that the collective quality of these interests and prejudices is too often only an appearance, so that both aspects are misguided. Beyond appearances, however, a profound movement is gradually allowing real collective harm to emerge, as evidenced by the introduction of ecological damage into the Civil Code. This latter, as an instance of limited recognition of collective damage, could easily be broadly extended. To this end, there is an underlying foundation within private law, which needs to be highlighted in order to ensure both consistency and the most adequate reparation, and to thus contribute to the renewal of responsibility
Ouattara, Kadohognon Sylvain. "Statégies des firmes et intérêt collectif : contribution à l'oligopole mixte." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN0707.
Повний текст джерелаA mixed oligopoly is a market structure where firms with different objectives compete. The three contributions provided in this thesis focus particularly on the strategic interactions between public (or semi-public) and private firms. In the first part, we study the incentives to merge in a mixed oligopoly. Under the assumption that there may be a technological gap between public and private firms, we first analyze the impact of the presence of a public firm on the incentives to merge of private firms. Then, we investigate the conditions under which the merger between public and private firms can be implemented. In the second part, we analyze the impact of managerial compensation schemes within a game where the public firm is partially privatized. Firm’s owners offer their manager an incentive contract that is a linear combination of firm objective and sales revenue. We show that the use of incentive contracts has an impact on market equilibrium and has competitive effects similar to those of privatization. The last part deals with the consequences of the market liberalization on the universal service obligations. We analyze the impact of entrant's nationality (domestic or foreign private firm) on prices and quality of services, when the incumbent is a public firm. We then compare the socially optimal coverage rate with the coverage rate freely chosen by the domestic entrant
Azevedo, Romain. "Le caractère collectif des procédures collectives." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD044.
Повний текст джерелаWhat remains of the collective character of collective procedures ? Through their reduced effects and the link between them and conciliation proceedings, accelerated safeguards seem to signal the advent of a new model of collective proceedings. However, this is not the case. If the classic model of collective proceedings seems to be disrupted by the institution of accelerated safeguards, it can be restored by examining the collective nature of the procedure. The study of accelerated procedures, and in particular the study of the accelerated financial safeguard procedure, allows the author to reveal a definition of collective character able to reflect the evolution of the subject. Redefined, collective character can be restored to its original functions as a criterion for qualifying all collective proceedings. The architecture of the subject can thus be rethought. In the end, the collective character is still the quintessence of insolvency proceedings today. Omnipresent in their regime, it establishes their structure and defines their borders
Boisson, Julien. "Les libéralités à caractère collectif." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020069/document.
Повний текст джерелаA liberality of a collective nature is aimed at the community, or at a group of people. It is to benefit a cause. Because it benefits undetermined and not individualized natural persons, this kind of liberality cannot be carried out directly. In order to reach its goal, it includes a juridical person, most often a notforprofit legal person of public law or private law.Through the legal person, the liberality benefits the beneficiaries of the grouping’s cause: these beneficiaries may be the members of grouping, to another group of people, or even to the wholecommunity. The ways to carry out a liberality of a collective nature are numerous and some of themare denied the designation of “liberality”. Two sorts of ways may be distinguished, according to the role played by the benefactor: either a Foundation, if the cause it initiated by the benefactor; or a liberality-participation, if the benefactor contributes to an existing cause. The techniques are varied:the operation may be based on a liberality with a charge, or more originally on a fiducia aimed at a liberality, or on a commitment by unilateral will. In spite of this diversity, liberalities of a collective nature have common features: they are earmarked and for-profit. Once the notion of liberality is mapped out, it becomes possible to sort out the rules that apply to it. Currently, these rules are scattered, insufficient and improper. The rules governing the liberalities of a collective nature must be redesigned by taking into consideration their specific nature
Hervas, Hermida Clara. "La notion d’action de groupe : étude de droit comparé." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100087.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to offer a specific notion of the idea of group litigation, in a procedural and comparative perspective. The mass consumer society in which we live has generated a style of litigation that involves a vast number of people. Grouping claimants together in a class action is meant to resolve this sort of litigation. But comparative law illustrates the complexity of the topic. A large number of different models of class action exist. Terminology is vast and often spans interchangeably terms such as group litigation, collective actions, class action, procedural models and pilot decisions. Each model shows different ways to solve the same problem. In spite of this, we can still find a specific framework with distinct and typical characteristics. However, this specific notion can only be procedurally based. Clearly, resolving this type of litigation must be viewed from this perspective. Judicial process is the way by which to protect rights and legal and legitimate interests without considering their nature. But it is at procedural level that protecting this type of situation raises the most problems. Class actions therefore naturally fall within this legal discipline, and bring to light a specific idea that makes the judge the linchpin when deciding the outcome of litigation
Boutitie, Laurence. "L'opposition en droit privé." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128790.
Повний текст джерелаMiroudel-Landel, Marie-Aude. "Enjeux de la monétarisation et de l'aménagement durable dans une politique publique de transport : le cas du Lyon-Turin." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENH030.
Повний текст джерелаHow are used and appropriated the environmental external costs and which are their stakes in the decision-making process of a transport infrastructure project? Through the story of the railway project transalpine Lyon Turin, this thesis questions about the uses and the appropriations of the valuation of the environmental nuisances. In the nonlinear unfolding of the project (1989-2010), we will reveal the technical uses of the monetary valuations inserted into a wide instrument of evaluation, the public economic calculation, to deal with its political and social appropriations. By its transformations and the emergence of an alpine question of transport following the accident in the tunnel of Mont Blanc and its reading under risk register, Lyon Turin gains in precision and in public visibility. In spite of its complexity, its cost and weak profitability, it becomes the symbol of a new sustainable transport policy. Yet, the values allotted to the environmental external costs following the Boiteux groups do not manage to modify the results of the evaluations. Within the framework of the alpine area, the project offers a political solution to crisis and questions the relevance of economic calculation to measure the collective interest of the project. The instrument, in the heart of the issues on the realization of the project, is constantly reinvested in the process of negotiation and decision. The controversies on the realization of the project give to see the issues of a project life, cost-benefit analyses and let charge the interest of the protagonists for environmental external costs as an instrument of public action
Devaux, Etienne. "La négociation des conventions et accords collectifs d'entreprise - Essai sur une communauté de travail au service de l'intérêt de l'entreprise." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020093.
Повний текст джерелаSince 1982, company collective bargaining has actively been developed. Concluding collective bargaining agreements and collective agreements adapting higher ranking regulations has become increasingly important, as illustrated by an impending bill of law based on a report written in September 2015 by the President of the Labor Law section of the Conseil d'Etat, and delivered to the Prime Minister. It aims at reinvigorateing company collective bargaining and allowing for an increased implication of the interested parties. Collective bargaining has a noteworthy role since the authors of the regulations are in direct contact with the implementation of the law. The outcome of this technique cannot be materialized within an intangible framework. Several notions are designated under a single denomination. Different working groups can be identified within each notion. Some of these groups cannot be considered as a proper forum for negotiating. Negotiation is sometimes guided by the State that tends to "intrumentalize"social partners to further some State policies. It achieves that through an encouragement or even an obligation to treat certain issues. As a tool used for implementing State policies, collective bargaining has been the breeding ground for the identification of common interests of working communities, that come to light whitin a framework that needs to be identified. This identification enables the parties to start the process of a collective bargaining fitting the company's situation within which the business contract applies
Costa, Thales Morais da. "Les actions collectives en droit brésilien et en droit colombien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D020.
Повний текст джерелаDefined as judicial proceedings aiming to prevent, to stop or to compensate damages to an indefinite number of human beings, collective actions have deeply changed the role of the judge and the one of public administration in enforcing general norms in Brazilian and Colombian Law. Instead of analysing these actions using the concept of collective interest considered by many as an interest located between individual and public interests, this research shows that collective actions can only be understood in the context of judicial review of administrative decisions. Indeed, these procedures represent a step further in the process of giving judges powers traditionally conferred on administrative authorities and allow judges to take a decision in place of these authorities even when there’s no violation of an individual right. Collective actions invite to question the classification of behaviours that might be prescribed by the judge. These behaviours always refer to an indefinite number of human beings, but this relation of one person's behaviour to other persans can be direct or indirect. When it is indirect, the behaviour refers directly to some abjects or to identified individuals. When behaviour refers directly to an indefinite number of human beings, these ones might be identifiable or undetermined individuals. When they are identifiable, they might be in limited or unlimited number
Leroux-Campello, Marie. "Les sanctions en droit de la consommation." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020079.
Повний текст джерелаMultiple sanctions respond to violations of consumer law. These sanctions are perceived as essential tools for the respect of this right. However, their proliferation and their derogatory nature from ordinary law are frequently denounced. Over-criminalisation, primacy over bad faith on the part of consumers, automaticity, intrusion by the judge into the contractual sphere, would achieve their legitimacy. The instrumentalization of sanctions would lead to their confusion and general distortion. The criminalisation of civil sanctions and the trivialisation of criminal sanctions are particularly criticised. But is this double movement systematic ? This work aims to provide a more nuanced response. Abstracting from the protection offered to consumers requires certain adjustments. Understanding the essence of sanctions then becomes necessary in order to identify those that participate in a misuse. Some sanctions will thus be rehabilitated. Others, on the other hand, will be condemned. After having measured the misuse of consumer law sanctions, it was essential to put them in order. Many proposals were then formulated, so that the effectiveness of consumer law could be better ensured
Noisette, Sandy David. "Performance et droit du travail." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0160.
Повний текст джерелаThe polysemy of the notion of performance is linked to the type of rationalities of the legal person referring to it. Its restrictive nature impoverishes the protective function of law and makes the legal and economic orders competitive. The effect is to oppose employers and employees. However, it may seem that labor law enables a connection between the objectives of economic efficiency to those of the security of the employees‘ status. Then, promoting the coordination or even the cooperation at the heart of the employment contract will be open. This consequence enables the introduction of flexibility in work relationships, both collective and individual, while maintaining the main aim of the contractors the contract economic status then benefits from it all. However, in order to limit the risks that the parties concerned may undergo from a deteriorated relationship, the dynamic development of the contract will only be able to happen under the auspices of good faith. Only then can economic efficiency as well as legal effectiveness be the consequences of it. It is still necessary to consider this ideal at the heart of another social reality ; this makes the performance contingent. Its global nature requires soothed relationships in the first place at the heart of the corporate governance, which, as an institution, will see the prerogatives of its organs and the autonomy of the social interest respected. It is then necessary to adapt to a network model of economy, strongly characterized by the triangulation of work relationships
Céa, Aurélie. "L'unité économique et sociale en droit du travail." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0053/document.
Повний текст джерелаUES constitutes a tool used to recompose the framework of the company. UES permits to consider thatseveral legally distinct entities constitute, in fact, a unique company. The recognition of an UESfacilitates the application of norms determined by the judge or the legislator, and especially normsrelated to collective representation. The evolution of its use has shaped its perimeter in a framework forthe exercise of the employees’ collective rights. However, if the UES corresponds in the search of thecompany in labor law, its regime stays at the state of "built case law" developed for useful purposes. Itleaves a feeling of unfinished. The consequences of the UES recognition cannot reach the individualworking relations. The employees remain contractually bound to their respective employers. Theobservation of a unique direction power between the legal entities doesn't permit to consider UES asbeing the unique employer of the set of the employees, nor even that its members are as much coemployers.The absence of moral personality of this type of grouping represents incontestably a limit inthe construction of its legal regime. The applicable solutions in a group of companies can also beapplicable in the UES. However, they only represent alternatives limited to the assignment of the moralpersonality. However, in the setting of the theory of the reality of the moral person, it appears that UEScould be considered like such. The recognition of the moral personality would have the effect of makingjointly responsible its members towards the employment of the employees who contribute to thedeployment of the economic activity in this perimeter
Morin, Luc. "Le devoir fiduciaire d'agir dans le meilleur intérêt de la compagnie insolvable: comment concilier les intérêts de l'actionnaire et du créancier?" Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2641.
Повний текст джерелаThe following thesis analyses the impact of a company's insolvency on the fiduciary duties of its directors and officers, as imposed by Canadian corporate law. More specifically it shall examine the repercussions of an insolvency on management's fiduciary duty to act in accordance with the company's best interests. The objective shall therefore be to assess the extent of such fiduciary duty in the context of an insolvency and to establish a guideline to be followed by directors and officers in view of complying with said duty. Firstly, what constitutes the "best interests of the company"? The author concludes that a company's interests are comprised of a community of underlying interests. Although the interests of the company remain independent, it cannot be determined without taking into account said underlying interests. Amongst this community of underlying interests, shareholders and creditors, members of such community that supports the financing of the company's operations, occupy a predominant place. Recent case law and doctrinal authorities have concluded that the impact of a company's insolvency does not affect the ultimate objective pursued by the company, i.e. the maximisation of profit, but rather affects the determination of the members of the community of underlying interests that shall be affected by the pursuit of such finality. As such, in a context of insolvency, creditors, similar to shareholders in a context of solvency, are the residual risk-bearers of the company's commercial expenditure. Consequently, in view of determining what constitutes the best interests of the company, when it is insolvent, directors and officers may not ignore the creditors' interests. Secondly, who are the real beneficiaries of the fiduciary duty to act in a company's best interests when it becomes insolvent? The author concludes that creditors are indirect beneficiaries of such fiduciary duty in a context of insolvency. Similarly to shareholders in a context of solvency, creditors must be entitled to institute a derivative claim against directors and officers in order to obtain, in the name and for the company, compensation for the violation of said fiduciary duty. Insolvency triggers the existence of an obligation, fiduciary in nature, to take into account the creditors' interests. As such, directors and officers are to consider the creditors' interests in exercising their fiduciary duty to act in strict compliance with the best interests of the company. This conclusion is based on a review of the Canadian statutory law, jurisprudence and doctrinal authorities. Furthermore, this conclusion is supported by a review of same from certain Commonwealth jurisdictions (England, Australia and New-Zealand) and from the United States of America, jurisdictions with whom Canada has a privileged relationship, historically and/or economically. Finally, how does the obligation to take into account the creditors' interests translate in practice for directors and officers of an insolvent company? The author concludes that the obligation to take into account the creditors' interests is, in reality, an obligation to reconcile the shareholders' and creditors' interests with that of the company's best interests. The parameters of such obligation shall be determined with respect to the scenario conceived by directors and officers in order to effectively manage a situation of insolvency. Should such scenario focus on the liquidation of the core assets of the company, then the interests of the shareholders shall be subjugated to that of the creditors'. Conversely, should such scenario focus on the reorganisation of the company's commercial expenditures, based on the company's existing structures, then the shareholder's interest shall receive a more extensive attention by directors and officers.