Дисертації: "Interests of Justice"

1

Schrader, Kim (Kimberley Sue) Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Community alternatives and youth justice: needs, interests, and obstacles." Ottawa, 1994.

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2

Batista, Amanda Marques. "A defensoria pública e o acesso coletivo à justiça." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=345.

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O presente estudo destinou-se à compreensão do conceito de acesso coletivo à justiça, a partir da verificação do que é, como ocorre, quais os mecanismos existentes no sistema processual vigente que propiciam o acesso à justiça dos grupos sociais necessitados, bem como a legitimidade da Defensoria Pública para a defesa dos interesses difusos, coletivos e individuais homogêneos. Em virtude do crescente número de conflitos coletivos existentes atualmente, os quais giram em torno dos direitos do consumidor, da proteção ao meio ambiente, à saúde pública, entre outras demandas de repercussão social, surgiu a preocupação com a defesa dos interesses coletivos daqueles que além de não disporem de meios suficientes para arcar com os custos de um processo judicial, desconhecem tanto os seus direitos quanto os instrumentos hábeis a reclamá-los. Muito se tem falado acerca do acesso à justiça, porém ainda não resta clara a compreensão do seu significado, principalmente quanto ao acesso coletivo à justiça, motivo pelo qual debruçou-se neste momento sobre o presente tema, buscando construir um conceito apto a revelar o verdadeiro papel do Estado na prestação jurisdicional, a partir do estudo sobre a legitimidade da Defensoria Pública, do seu papel como função essencial à justiça, conforme disposto na Constituição Federal de 1988, avaliando a sua atuação nas ações coletivas, tanto nas fases cognitiva e executória da sentença. Foram abordados significados como os de lide, litígio, necessidade, interesse, pretensão, conflitos coletivos, legitimidade, representação, interesses coletivos, difusos e individuais homogêneos, os quais subsidiaram a investigação pretendida. Foi avaliada a inovação trazida com a Lei n 11.448, de 15 de Janeiro de 2007, que ampliou o rol dos legitimados para a propositura da Ação Civil Pública, inserindo entre eles a Defensoria Pública, bem como foram avaliadas as críticas contrárias à referida legitimidade e a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade proposta pela Associação Nacional dos Membros do Ministério Público, sendo essas críticas todas refutadas com base na análise hermenêutica dos textos legais, no entendimento da doutrina e nos posicionamentos jurisprudenciais predominantes. Este trabalho procurou endossar a legitimidade da Defensoria Pública na sua defesa dos interesses coletivos, individuais homogêneos e, sobretudo, dos interesses difusos das classes sociais menos favorecidas, tendo em vista o direito fundamental da coletividade à prestação jurisdicional do Estado, cujo provimento, para ser alcançado, depende da atuação efetiva da Defensoria Pública, prerrogativa indispensável para o acesso coletivo à justiça
The present study set out to understand the concept of collective access to the judicial system, starting from the verification of what this means in practice, how it is effected, and what mechanisms exist in the prevailing legal system that allow needy social groups to access the judicial system, as well as the legitimacy of the Public Legal Aid Service in defending diffuse, collective and homogeneous individual interests. In view of the current increase in the number of collective disputes involving the rights of consumers, protection of the environment, public health, among other demands with social repercussions, there arose a concern for the defence of the collective interests of those who, besides not having the financial means to pay the costs of a legal action, are lacking in knowledge not only of their rights, but also of the appropriate instruments for demanding these rights. Much has been spoken on access to the judicial system, but the understanding of its meaning remains unclear, particularly with regard to collective access to the system. As a result, it was decided to focus on this issue with the aim of formulating a concept capable of disclosing the true role of the state in providing a judicial service, taking as starting point a study of the legitimacy of the Public Legal Aid Service and its role as an essential organ of the judicial system, in accordance with the provisions of the Brazilian constitution of 1988, evaluating the performance of the service in collective legal actions, in both the cognitive and executory phases of the sentence. The meaning of terms such as lide (dispute), litígio (litigation), necessidade (need), interesse (interest), pretensão (claim), conflitos coletivos (collective conflicts), legitimidade (legitimacy), representação (representation) and interesses coletivos, difusos e individuais homogêneos (diffuse, collective and homogeneous individual interests), all of which contributed data for the investigation, was addressed. An assessment was made of the innovation introduced by Act n 11,448, of 15 January 2007, which extended the number of legal entities legitimated to initiate a Public Civic Action, including the Public Legal Aid Service, and of the criticisms of those opposed to the abovementioned legitimacy and of those members of the Public Prosecution Service who initiated a Direct Action of Unconstitutionality, all of these criticisms being refuted on the basis of a hermeneutic analysis of legal texts, an understanding of legal doctrine and the predominant stances adopted by judges. This paper sought to endorse the legitimacy of the Public Legal Aid Service in its defence of homogeneous individual and collective interests, and, above all, the diffuse interests of the less privileged social classes, bearing in mind the communitys basic right to legal assistance from the state, the successful provision of which depends on the effective actions of the Public Legal Aid Service, an indispensable condition for collective access to the judicial system

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3

Antonopoulos, Constantina. "The ICC, the "interests of justice" and national efforts at accountability falling short of formal justice: an exercise in prosecutorial discretion." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40717.

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Uganda has reached a peace agreement with the leaders of the LRA, indicted by the ICC, in which they would be tried by national tribunals and serve “alternative sentences”. The LRA demands the withdrawal of the ICC warrants as a pre-condition to any settlement. While this peace proposal may not satisfy the admissibility regime of the Rome Statute, this thesis argues that in certain circumstances the ICC Prosecutor could defer to accountability mechanisms falling short of formal prosecution and punishment if it is in the “interests of justice” to do so pursuant to Article 53 of the Rome Statute. The ICC OTP must however develop a policy on the application of this discretionary criterion which remains undefined, preferably in the form of prosecutorial guidelines. A pluralist interpretation of the “interests of justice” is most consistent with the objectives of the Rome Statute, the complementary nature of the ICC and the unique context of each situation of mass atrocity.
Le règlement de paix entre le gouvernement ougandais et le LRA, prévoit que les chefs de ce dernier, accusés devant la CPI, seraient poursuivis devant des tribunaux nationaux et feraient face à des peines «alternatives ». Les chefs du LRA requièrent que ces mandats soient retirés afin de signer une entente. Bien que la proposition ougandaise ne puisse satisfaire au régime d’admissibilité prévu dans le Statut de Rome, cette thèse prétend que dans certaines circonstances, le Procureur de la CPI pourrait arrêter les procédures afin de permettre le déroulement de procédures nationales qui ne constituent pas de la justice formelle, et ce dans les « intérêts de la justice » prévus à l’Article 53. Le Procureur devra développer une politique l’application de ce critère discrétionnaire, plus particulièrement dans l’adoption de lignes directrices. Cette thèse argue qu’afin d’atteindre les objectifs de la CPI, de respecter sa nature complémentaire ainsi que pour reconnaître la nature unique de chaque situation d’atrocités, le Procureur devrait adopter une interprétation pluraliste des « intérêts de la justice ».

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Karmali, Karima. "The evolution of Canada's doctrine of forum non conveniens : in the interests of justice." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99142.

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A new legal phenomenon has emerged in recent years, as plaintiffs from developing countries have begun to initiate civil proceedings against multinational corporations in the courts where these companies have their headquarters. These suits have typically claimed damages for personal injuries arising from the multinationals' activities in a developing country. While the doctrine of forum non conveniens blocked many of the earlier attempts by plaintiffs to seek justice overseas, courts are increasingly refusing to dismiss these cases to ensure the interests of justice are served. The purpose of this thesis will be to compare the application of forum non conveniens to these cases in Canada, with the approaches in the U.K., the U.S. and Australia. The thesis concludes that Canadian courts have the jurisdiction to consider civil claims against a resident for extraterritorial harm and that this jurisdiction can be appropriately exercised where the foreign plaintiff is not likely to receive justice in the alternative forum. Precedents from the U.K., the U.S. and Australia, where courts have already accepted such jurisdiction, will also be examined for their relevance in Canada.

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5

Lee, Shuk Yi Maggy. "Pre-court diversion and multi-agency liaison in juvenile justice : in whose best interests?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260377.

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6

Morena, Edouard. "The Confederation Paysanne as 'peasant' movement : re-appropriating 'peasantness' for the advancement of organisational interests." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2011. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-confederation-paysanne-as-peasant-movement(0c81f776-ea63-4fd8-8139-d49d5caaaaf8).html.

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As a founding member of the Via Campesina (1993) and active participant in the Global Justice Movement (the altermondialiste movement in France), the Confederation paysanne (CP) - which literally stands for 'peasant confederation' - has been presented in academic and activist circles as a key player in the struggle against neoliberal globalisation, and as a contributor to the emergence of new transnational activist networks and a 'global civil society'. As a trade union representing the interests of 'peasants', the CP has been praised as an innovative form of professional organisation whose originality lies in its ability to defend farmers' interests while at the same time responding to a broader set of challenges for the planet and those who populate it (environmental degradation, cultural homogeneity, social injustice). As a result, the CP - and in particular its emblematic leader Jose Bove - was rapidly propelled to the forefront of a new progressive avant-garde whose discourse on the cultural and economic threats of neoliberalism found a positive echo in farming and non-farming circles alike. -- Yet, as I shall argue throughout the following pages, the CP's success was not only related to its successful response to the new challenges for the 'peasantry' and society but also to its re-appropriation of popular and essentialist representations of 'peasantness' as a timeless and intrinsically egalitarian condition. From the moment that we recognise this, our understanding of the union's evolving popularity changes. Many observers and activists, for example, explained the CP's disappointing result in the 2007 professional elections by arguing that the CP was ahead of its time.

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7

Branco, José Eduardo. "Tutela coletiva dos interesses individuais homogêneos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8398.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Eduardo Branco.pdf: 1148608 bytes, checksum: 0ff11c28081fdf5f992ed72acc2f4bf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01
The present work has the target of analyzing the procedural subjects involving the guardianship of homogeneous individual interests, while species of the gender of the interests or collective rights. From the doctrinary and jurisprudential analysis, it looks for the ideal understanding of the legal concepts that involve the studied theme, as well as the systematization of the collective guardianship and its harmonization with the general principles that govern our legal system. Without the pretension of exhausting the lifted up subjects, in reason of the present time of the theme, still unification pendant by the legislative way, and while the text promulgation is awaited that ponders all the kindred institutes, it accomplishes doctrinary research with the purpose of bringing current conclusions concerning the matter and the legal dispositions that today regulate the guardianship of collective interests. In this manner, subjects as the active legitimacy, the judged thing and its reach, the systemic interaction and the procedures to be used to reach the leading principles of the collective guardianship, above all by the way of the homogeneous individual interests, are analyzed through the points that cause larger controversies for, since then, to understand that new procedural reality. In that line, of great relief are the lessons of our doctrine, that from a long time develops studies seeking to adapt the existent procedural legislation and its traditional institutes to the new rights that were born with the mass society and started to demand more effective solutions for the great number of judicial demands that flow of the modern world. The Social State delineated by the Constitution of 1988 could not take place under foundations created exclusively for a law worried, above all, with the individual subjects, unable even of assisting to the democratic vindications of the contemporary society, reason for the law science, through the performance of combative and dedicated legal scholars, needed to present that new system of procedural guardianship of rights. The relevance of the collective guardianship of homogeneous individual interests and the created techniques for that are, therefore, the main point of the present study, that looks for in the doctrinary lessons the foundation to demonstrate the adaptation of the existent legal devices to that guardianship, considering for that the jurisdictional performance and the legislative projects now in course
O presente trabalho tem o escopo de analisar as questões processuais que envolvem a tutela dos interesses individuais homogêneos, enquanto espécie do gênero dos interesses ou direitos coletivos. Partindo da análise doutrinária e jurisprudencial, busca a compreensão ideal dos conceitos legais que envolvem o tema estudado, bem como a sistematização da tutela coletiva e sua harmonização com os princípios gerais que regem nosso ordenamento jurídico. Sem a pretensão de exaurir as questões levantadas, em razão da atualidade do tema, ainda pendente de unificação pela via legislativa, e enquanto se aguarda a promulgação de texto que concentre todos os institutos afins, realiza pesquisa doutrinária com a finalidade de trazer conclusões atuais acerca da matéria e das disposições legais que hoje regulam a tutela dos interesses coletivos. Assim, questões como a legitimidade ativa, a coisa julgada e seu alcance, a interação sistêmica e os procedimentos a serem utilizados para alcançar os princípios norteadores da tutela coletiva, sobretudo pela via dos interesses individuais homogêneos, são analisados através dos pontos que lhes causam maiores controvérsias, para que se possa, a partir daí, compreender essa nova realidade processual. Nessa linha, de grande relevo são as lições de nossa doutrina, que há tempos desenvolve estudos voltados a adequar a legislação processual existente e seus tradicionais institutos aos novos direitos que nasceram com a sociedade de massa e passaram a exigir soluções mais eficazes para o grande número de demandas judiciais que derivam do mundo moderno. O Estado Social delineado pela Constituição de 1988 não poderia se realizar sob alicerces criados exclusivamente para um direito que se preocupava, sobretudo, com as questões individuais, incapazes mesmo de atender aos reclamos democráticos da sociedade contemporânea, razão pela qual a ciência do direito, através da atuação de combativos e dedicados doutrinadores, precisou apresentar esse novo sistema de tutela processual de direitos. A relevância da tutela coletiva dos interesses individuais homogêneos e as técnicas criadas para tanto são, portanto, o ponto principal do presente estudo, que busca nas lições doutrinárias o fundamento para demonstrar a adequação dos dispositivos legais existentes à tal tutela, considerando para tanto a atuação jurisdicional e os projetos legislativos atualmente em trâmite

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Sucupira, Pedro Henrique de Araripe. "Coletivização de demandas individuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-11022015-162714/.

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O objeto do estudo diz respeito a como demandas individuais podem resultar em demandas coletivas. Interesses são relações entre necessidades e os bens capazes de satisfazê-las. Nesse sentido, interesses podem ser entendidos como uma demanda por um bem. Interesses coletivos se relacionam a bens capazes de satisfazer necessidades de uma coletividade. O conflito de interesses ocorre nos casos em que o atendimento a um interesse importa a denegação de outro. O Direito pode ser visto como um instrumento ético de resolução de conflito de interesses. O processo civil tradicionalmente foi concebido para a resolução de conflitos individuais. Com o reconhecimento dos interesses coletivos pelo Direito, novas técnicas processuais foram desenvolvidas para permitir a resolução de conflitos coletivos. Apesar disso, o número de demandas individuais relacionadas com questões coletivas cresce exponencialmente, causando o congestionamento de processos nos tribunais e a denegação de justiça. Questões estruturais, culturais e legais são fatores que levam a esse problema. Novas técnicas deveriam ser implementadas para a conversão de demandas individuais em demandas coletivas nos casos em que o seu objeto seja incindível e pertinente a uma coletividade.
The scope of the study pertains to how individual claims may result in collective (aggregated) claims. Interests are relationships between needs and the goods that can fulfill them. In this sense, interests can be conceived as a claim for a good. Collective interests relate to goods that are able to satisfy needs of a group of people. A conflict of interests takes place when the accomplishment of one precludes the other. The Law may be conceived as an ethical tool to the resolution of conflict of interests. Traditional litigation schemes were designed for the resolution of individual conflicts. With the recognition of collective rights by the Law, new civil procedure techniques were developed to allow resolution of collective conflicts. Despite that, the number of individual claims related to collective issues grows exponentially, causing a backlog of cases and the denial of justice. Structural, cultural and legal issues are factors leading to this problem. New techniques should be designed to convert individual claims into collective claims in cases where their object is indivisible and pertains to a group.

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9

Woods, Roger. "Working in the interests of justice? : the Crown Prosecution Service and the prosecution of public order offences." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30119.

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In 1985 the power of the prosecution of offences was taken away from the police. The Crown Prosecution Service was created to provide an efficient, fair and independent review of cases accountable to Parliament and the public. The importance of this separation of powers goes to the constitutional heart of the criminal justice process. This study is a comprehensive analysis of how prosecutors exercised their statutory powers in the 1990s particularly by reference to the prosecution of public order offences. The thesis provides an extensive analysis of the law relating to public order offences as well as a detailed picture of the prosecution of public order offences in the Manchester City magistrates' court through the use of three methods of case study data collection (a questionnaire, a cases survey and case files). The findings of the research suggest that the Crown Prosecution Service plays a re active rather than pro-active role in the decision-making concerning prosecutions for public order offences. The police are the dominant partner in the relationship between the police and Crown Prosecution Service who rely almost entirely on the police for the information available in prosecution cases. There is a need for change in the way public order offences are prosecuted so that the Crown Prosecution Service really does provide an effective and independent review of cases. Only then will the Crown Prosecution Service be working in the interests of justice and have earned its full trust and respect as a member of the criminal justice system.

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10

Almeida, Gustavo Milaré. "Execução de interesses individuais homogêneos: análise crítica e propostas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-18102012-134015/.

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A presente tese tem por objetivo demonstrar que a sistemática para a satisfação da tutela jurisdicional dos interesses individuais homogêneos, prevista nos arts. 95 a 100 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, é insuficiente, o que justifica a sua reforma legislativa para torná-la mais efetiva em nosso ordenamento jurídico, especialmente diante do atual cenário do Poder Judiciário brasileiro. Com esse propósito, a princípio, aborda-se a necessidade de adequação de tal disciplina à realidade social, a fim de que esse processo consiga satisfazer os direitos violados em um prazo razoável, o que passa invariavelmente pela correlata melhoria dos serviços judiciários prestados no Brasil. Por meio de dados estatísticos oficiais, do posicionamento atual da doutrina nacional e dos precedentes mais recentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, estuda-se, então, a existência de relação entre a chamada crise do processo e a tutela coletiva, bem como em que medida os interesses individuais homogêneos se prestam para a democratização do acesso à Justiça e para tal melhoria nos serviços judiciários brasileiros. Em seguida, analisa-se criticamente referida sistemática, a fim de, na medida do possível, identificar em que pontos apresenta-se deficiente e/ou omissa, sugerir o melhor e maior aproveitamento da lege lata, bem como formular propostas de lege ferenda viáveis para suprir tais pontos e, consequentemente, aperfeiçoar a tutela prestada
The thesis aims to demonstrate that the systematic approach of homogeneous individual interests (rights of a fluid class member similar to those in a class action for damages of the US Law) in Brazil, as set forth on articles 95 to 100 of the Brazilian Consumer Code, is insufficient and innefective, especially vis-à-vis the characteristics of the Brazilian Judiciary, justifying, therefore, its legislative review. With such objective, a priori, it is adressed the necessity of adequating such discipline to the Brazilian social reality in order to guarantee that lawful authorities shall be able to respond to law breaks in a reasonable period of time, what, in correlation, requires improvements on the judicial services rendered in Brazil. By means of official data, the current understanding of national authors and most recent precedents of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court and the Brazilian Superior Justice Court, the thesis investigates the existence of a relation between the so-called process crisis and class actions in Brazil, as well as to what extent the homogeneous individual interests are efficient in fostering the democratization of the access to justice in Brazil and, ulteriorly, the improvement of judicial services in the country. Finally, the systematic approach of the homogeneous individual interests in Brazil is critically assessed so to, as far as possible, identify its flaws, suggest best and major manners to enshrine lege lata, as well as formulate viable proposals of lege ferenda that can overcome such flaws and, consequently, enhance the injunctions based thereon.

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Verissimo, Marcos Paulo. "A judicialização dos conflitos de justiça distributiva no Brasil: o processo judicial no pós-1988." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-10042007-153328/.

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O Brasil tem visto um forte processo de judicialização de sua vida pública. Hoje, a Justiça exerce um papel político importante no país, mas é marcada pela ineficiência na solução de disputas e cobrança de créditos. Críticas à expansão desse papel político são, pois, abundantes. Diz-se que (i) geraria instabilidade institucional e um ambiente hostil ao desenvolvimento (crítica institucional); (ii) produziria resultados ilegítimos (preferências judiciais substituiriam decisões majoritárias - crítica de legitimidade) e (iii) resultaria em ações inefetivas, pois o aparato das cortes não é adequado a resolver conflitos policêntricos e prospectivos (crítica instrumental). Este trabalho analisa o processo brasileiro de judicialização e os argumentos centrais da crítica instrumental. Sugere que ela refere-se a um modelo de direito e justiça que está em transformação. No modelo emergente, a justiça distributiva é reintroduzida na dinâmica legal e a administração de interesses sobrepuja, aos poucos, a tutela de direitos. Essas mudanças, mais a judicialização, levam a alterações importantes no processo judicial. Reconhecendo os problemas daí decorrentes, a tese sugere um caráter virtuoso desse novo contencioso de direito público emergente. Ele parece forjar um mecanismo de reforço de participação política que pode avançar a democracia e melhorar condições de igualdade política.
From democratization in the mid 80? on, Brazilian public life has been forced into an increasingly intense process of judicialization. Lack of confidence in representative institutions, a very open-texted charter of social and economic rights, an important political use of the Judiciary by the oppositions, and other related factors seem to be implicated in this. Brazilian justice holds today a considerable political power, but that is just part of a story. It is also astonishingly inefficient as a services provider, and fails to respond to most of its dispute-solving and credit-enforcement functions. Criticism about the expansion of the political role of the Judiciary in this context is profuse. First, it is said to generate institutional instability, which in turn would bring out a hostile environment for economic growth. Second, it is said to be illegitimate, as far as politicized judges may often replace majoritarian decisions by their own. Third, it is said that litigation involving political issues and social reform tend to be erratic and ineffective, because the institutional designs of both courts and their processes are not adequate to regulate polycentric and prospective conflicts. This work puts Brazilian judicialization into context, and analyses the main arguments of the institutional capacity critique (which is called in here the instrumental critique). The author suggests that the instrumental critique refers to a certain model of law and justice that has been changing (both globally and in Brazil) since the end of the last century. In the emergent model, distributive justice is reintroduced into the dynamics of law, and the administration of diffuse interests slowly replaces the adjudication of individual rights as the paradigmatic activity of the Judiciary. Those changes in both law and justice, along with judicialization, are argued to have lead to other important changes in the design of the judicial process in Brazil. Despite the many problems related to those changes, the ending notes of this work point to a possible virtuous character of the new Brazilian public law litigation. As stated herein, this litigation seems to be creating a participation-reinforcing device that in the long run may foster democracy and political equality.

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Letsoalo, Lisbeth Ledile. "The protection of children's identities in the criminal justice system: an analysis on section 154(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3046.

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Thesis ( LLM.) --University of Limpopo, 2019
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that a child’s best interests should be of primary consideration in any matter concerning him or her. Contrary to this value, and thereby excluding protection of child victims, section 154(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 simply focusses on anonymity protection of child offenders and witness involved in criminal proceedings. It currently expressly prohibits the publication of the identities of child offenders and witnesses when the media makes publications on the relevant criminal proceedings. However, this protection terminates once such child offenders and witnesses attain majority, therefore arbitrarily stripping them of the identity protection. As a result, media houses are not only at liberty to publish on criminal proceedings identifying child victims, but also to expose the identities of child offenders and witnesses upon attaining majority. Such publications have proved to impede on children’s rights, as well as to contribute to the psychological challenges faced by the children whenever they are exposed to the criminal justice system. In this study the constitutional validity of section 154(3) is investigated and it is argued that it is unconstitutional in all respects. The section contradicts the specific right afforded to all children in the Bill of Rights, as well as other ancillary rights, which ought to ensure the progressive realisation of the protection afforded in terms of section 154(3). It is recommended, firstly, that section 154(3) be declared unconstitutional, and be amended to include child victims within the ambit of its protection. Secondly, the protection should extend beyond the age of 18, in respect of all children involved in criminal proceedings.
National Research Foundation

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13

Abu, Zueiter Iman. "Family Reunification for Unaccompanied Refugee Minors, A Right or A Privilege? The Case of the United Kingdom." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22614.

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Family reunification for unaccompanied refugee minors is one of the most debatable issues when it comes to deciding whether it should be viewed as a right or it can be justifiable for states to completely prevent it and rather provide it only as a privilege. The discussion in the legal sphere proved that the issue is still problematic in both international and European laws. In this thesis, I have analyzed this issue through assessing the three claims that were provided by the United Kingdom for its negative position on the case. Through the lens of the child’s best interests’ principle, the non-discrimination principle, and the global distributive justice theory, I argued for considering family reunification as a right rather than a privilege. Children should always be treated as children. It cannot be justifiable for states to completely prevent them from being reunited with their families for being refugees.

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Woods, Robert Cathal. "The virtuous polity Aristotle on justice, self-Interest and citizenship /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086112327.

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15

Roux, Adrien. "La corruption internationale : essai sur la répression d'un phénomène transnational." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1073.

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La corruption se définit de la manière la plus large comme tout « abus de pouvoir aux fins d’un profit privé ». Sous ses différentes formes, elle apparaît intimement liée à l’exercice du pouvoir. Cette dimension politique en fait l’envers de la démocratie, ainsi qu’un phénomène criminel particulièrement difficile à identifier, poursuivre et réprimer. Au cours des dernières décennies, elle aurait acquis une nouvelle dimension mondiale, rendant nécessaire une constante adaptation des dispositifs tant préventifs que répressifs. Cependant, le système pénal anti-corruption semble tributaire des profondes tensions générées par la confrontation permanente de la logique de l’État de droit à celle du pouvoir. Les résistances politiques s’avèrent nombreuses dans la perspective de diminuer les obstacles à une pleine efficacité répressive. Le juge pénal se trouve alors placé en première ligne de ce processus dialectique. Par son audace investigatrice et sa jurisprudence compensatrice, il contribuerait de manière décisive à faire évoluer le droit et, plus largement, à redéfinir les équilibres démocratiques entre pouvoir et contre-pouvoir. Sur le plan national, la justice acquiert ainsi une autonomie, une légitimité et une indépendance inédites. À travers la lutte contre la corruption transnationale, ce droit sous haute tension doit répondre au double défi de son efficacité et de son extranéité. L’approche systémique de la lutte contre la corruption permet alors de penser la cohérence d’ensemble des dispositifs juridiques, qu’il s’agit d’aligner suivant le même but : constituer une barrière protectrice pour le bien commun
Corruption is defined, in the broadest sense as any “abuse of power for private gain”. In its various forms, this phenomenon appears to be closely linked to the exercise of power. This political dimension makes it the opposite of democracy, as well as a criminal phenomenon which is particularly difficult to identify, prosecute and control. In the last decades, corruption has acquired a new international dimension that seemingly requires the constant adjustment of measures and provisions of law. However, the system dedicated to anti-corruption is seemingly born out of deep tensions generated by the permanent confrontation of the logic of the rule of law with the logic of power. There remains much political resistance to addressing the enforcement gap and remove the barriers to full repressive efficiency. The criminal judge is therefore placed at the forefront of this dialectical process. Through his investigative boldness and establishment of compensatory jurisprudence, the criminal judge contributes decisively to developing the law and, more broadly, to redefine the democratic balance between power and countervailing checks and balances. Nationally, justice thus acquires unprecedented autonomy, legitimacy and independence. Through the fight against transnational corruption, this law under high pressure must meet the dual challenge of its effectiveness and its foreignness. As a result, the systemic approach to the fight against corruption suggests we might think legal provisions in their overall consistency, with respect to their final aim: provide a line of defense for the common good

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16

Schuppert, Fabian. "Freedom, recognition & non-domination : an interest-based theory of justice." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534607.

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17

Ahuja, Monika Sangeeta. "Public interest litigation in India : a socio-legal study." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1417/.

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Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India began in the late 1970s. For the first time the rights of prisoners, bonded labourers, other neglected peoples and issues were considered in the judicial forum. Using their inherent powers under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution, a few judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts made access to justice easier. Anyone acting in the public interest was permitted to file a petition on behalf of those unable to do so themselves, or for issues of grave public importance. Lawyers, social activists, concerned individuals and even judges approached the courts. Aside from locus standi, other procedural norms were relaxed, including the need to file a proper petition. Once admitted, attempts were made to resolve litigations using a conciliatory form of justice. Offending state authorities were encouraged to co-operate with the Court, which in turn took on the role of fact-finder, when appropriate, and appointed commissions of enquiry. Most of the reported and many unreported PIL cases, filed from its inception until April 1994, have been examined. Interviews with petitioners and lawyers have revealed much about PIL, and have resulted in the discussion of many unreported cases. Interviews of Supreme Court Judges, administrative officials in the courts and analysts of Indian law have enabled the study to extend to all aspects of the legal process as it relates to PIL. This new form of litigation in the courtroom thus provides a focal point for the study of the Indian legal system. The perception that inequities could be resolved through the legislative or administrative processes had given way to a belief that recourse to legal action was the only mechanism through which rights could be upheld. Thus, the initial agenda was to introduce the social justice considerations of poverty and inequality into the court, whilst making legal institutions more accessible. The hundreds of documented PIL cases reflect a huge range of issues and concerns. While many do fulfil the initial mandate, PIL has often been used as another available legal tool that facilitates access to the courts and increases the public profile of the petitioner. For many of those who have used PIL in an effort to counter serious violations of rights, the inherent limitations of legal action and the poor implementation of favourable Court orders have rendered PIL a meaningless exercise. For some, PIL has provided necessary short term redress or has focused attention on issues never before discussed in a national forum. Whatever the outcome, PIL has necessitated the recognition that every Indian citizen should have access to justice.

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18

Becker, Kane Jenna. "Lobbying Justice: Exploring the Influence of Interest Groups in State High Courts." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/310221.

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Political Science
Ph.D.
Despite well documented evidence that both the level and diversity of amicus participation in state high courts have been growing, we know little about whether or under what conditions amicus briefs have an impact on court outcomes. This dissertation investigates how interest groups attempt to influence state supreme courts through their participation as amicus curiae. Using an original dataset assembled from content analysis of more than 2300 state supreme court decisions handed down between 1995 and 2010 and spanning three distinct areas of law - products liability, environmental law, and free speech/expression - I find that amicus briefs submitted by interest groups have the most influence over judicial outcomes in areas of law where interest groups routinely make large-scale donations to judicial campaigns. These results raise serious concerns about the influence of big money in judicial elections. The second part of this dissertation tests two competing theories of amicus influence to determine how state high court judges utilize amicus brief information in judicial decision making. The informational theory assumes the influence of amicus brief information to be evenly distributed across judges. However, theories of confirmation bias and motivated reasoning suggest that the information in amicus briefs may be received and evaluated differently depending upon the ideological predispositions of individual judges. Using multi-level modeling, I analyze the votes of more than 12,000 individual state high court judges to determine whether judge ideology conditions the influence of amicus briefs such that judges are more receptive to pro-attitudinal information contained in briefs from interest groups that share their predispositions. Results suggest that method of judicial retention and area of case law structures the mechanism of amicus brief influence. Amicus briefs appear to play an informational role in complex areas of case law but the presence of competitive judicial elections appear to alter the mechanism of amicus brief influence such that judicial responsiveness to amicus briefs is more closely tied to the reelection and campaign fundraising considerations of individual judges. The final portion of this dissertation investigates the case-level and court-level factors that attract interest group participation as amicus curiae in state high courts in order to better our understanding of interest group strategies when engaging state judiciaries. This paper tests the hypothesis that groups strategically target cases that will best serve the policy and institutional interests of the group, while focusing group resources on cases and courts where they are most likely to be successful. Results indicate that both liberal and conservative groups target state high courts that are elected through competitive and retention election processes rather than those that are appointed, suggesting that interest groups believe their influence will be greater with judges who are accountable to the public. Results also show that both liberal and conservative groups target courts from states that are ideologically sympathetic, but not necessarily from courts that are ideologically similar.
Temple University--Theses

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Geraldi, Guilherme Paes de Barros. "A Ação Ordinária Coletiva para a tutela de interesses tributários." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20891.

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The purpose of this paper is to study the use of the Ação Ordinária Coletiva (the Brazilian Class Action), a type of lawsuit provided by the Title III (Articles 81 to 104) of Law No. 8.078 / 90, the Consumer Protection Code, in claims involving Tax Law. For this purpose, the first part of this paper aims to demonstrate that the Ação Ordniária Coletiva is suitable for the protection of interests of this nature. To do so, starting with a Neo-constitutionalist notion of Law, the principle of access to justice is explored and it is demonstrated that class actions are a necessary instrument for this constitutional guarantee to be truly effective. Once the correlation between access to justice and class actions has been verified, the legal classification of the species of collective rights and the criticisms made by the Jurisprudence of this classification are analyzed, in order to conclude that the Tax Law not only can, but shall be protected by means of instruments procedures. From this point on, we will study the collective procedural instruments provided for in the Brazilian legal system and their compatibility with the protection of tax law. The conclusion that this analysis leads to is that the Ação Ordinária Coletiva, provided by the Consumer Defense Code, is among all the collective lawsuits provided by the Brazilian law, the one capable of delivering more effective judicial protection on Tax Law. The second part of this paper analyzes the operation of the Ação Ordinária Coletiva and the main obstacles encountered by the legal operators working in this area, among which are the reiterated, and unconstitutional, attempts by the Public Authorities to impose limits on effects of the judgment rendered in these actions
O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a utilização da Ação Ordinária Coletiva, instrumento processual previsto no Título III (arts. 81 a 104) da Lei nº 8.078/90, o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, para a tutela do direito Tributário. Assim, a primeira parte do trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar o cabimento da Ação Ordinária Coletiva para a tutela de interesses desta natureza. Para tanto, partindo de uma noção Neoconstitucionalista do direito, explora-se o princípio do acesso à justiça e demonstra-se que as ações coletivas são um instrumento necessário para que esta garantia constitucional seja verdadeiramente efetiva. Evidenciada a correlação entre acesso à justiça e tutela coletiva, analisa-se a classificação legal das espécies de direitos coletivos e as críticas feitas pela doutrina a esta classificação para se concluir que o direito tributário não só pode como deve ser tutelado por meio de instrumentos processuais coletivos. A partir deste ponto, passa-se a estudar os instrumentos processuais coletivos previstos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e sua compatibilidade à tutela do direito tributário. A conclusão que esta análise leva é a de que a Ação Ordinária Coletiva, prevista no Código de Defesa do Consumidor é, dentre todos os instrumentos processuais coletivos previstos pelo legislador brasileiro, aquele capaz de entregar tutela jurisdicional mais efetiva no campo do direito tributário. Demonstrado este ponto, a segunda parte do trabalho analisa o funcionamento da Ação Ordinária Coletiva tributária e os principais empecilhos encontrados pelos operadores do direito que atuam nesta seara, dentre os quais destacam-se as reiteradas, e inconstitucionais tentativas do Poder Público de impor limites aos efeitos da sentença proferida nestas ações

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Fernandes, Suzidarly Ribeiro Teixeira. "Perspectivas da tutela jurisdicional dos interesses metaindividuais trabalhistas no Tocantins." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/884.

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O presente estudo tem como objeto as demandas distribuídas para as Varas do Trabalho do Tocantins no ano de 2016, com o enfoque diagnóstico da tutela jurisdicional dos interesses metaindividuais trabalhistas nesse Estado. Nortearam a pesquisa os objetivos de categorizar tais demandas, sabendo quais e quantos são os processos de jurisdição coletiva, analisar o quantitativo de processos coletivos em cotejo com o número total de demandas, e verificar, nas Varas Trabalhistas do interior, quais as lides individuais apresentam potencialidade coletiva. A pesquisa qualiquantitativa descritiva foi orientada pelo método dedutivo e consistiu num estudo de caso, com fundamentação teórica baseada em incursões do materialismo histórico. A investigação permitiu identificar uma preponderância absoluta de processos individuais, em detrimento da coletivização processual. Foi possível constatar um maior número de demandas coletivas nas Varas da capital em comparação com as unidades judiciárias do interior do Estado, bem como, em tais unidades, a existência de um grande percentual de demandas individuais que, pela similitude de objetos e identidade de réus, poderia ter sido objeto de uma demanda coletiva. Também foi possível atestar a ocorrência de um fenômeno de geração de demandas individuais, a partir de sentenças coletivas das Varas Trabalhistas de Palmas, aumentando o quantitativo processual dessas unidades. Concluiu-se que o percentual de demandas coletivas, por si só, não permite aferir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional dos interesses metaindividuais trabalhistas, diante do expressivo número de processos individuais decorrentes de decisões proferidas em demandas coletivas, sendo percebida a impossibilidade de adequado cumprimento da meta estabelecida pelo CNJ para a priorização das ações coletivas, dada a ausência de correto enquadramento das demandas de natureza coletiva, tendo sido averiguado que diversas ações, embora tenham tramitado como individuais, tinham por objeto a tutela de interesses difusos, coletivos e/ou individuais homogêneos.
The object of the present study are the demands distributed to the Labor Courts in Tocantins in 2016, with diagnostic focus of the judicial protection of metaindividual labor interests in this State. The purpose of the study was to categorize these demands, knowing what and how many are the processes of collective jurisdiction, analyzing the quantitative of collective processes in comparison with the total number of demands, and verifying, in the Internal Labor Courts, which individual cases present collective potentiality. Qualitative-quantitative descriptive research was guided by deductive method and consisted of a case study, with a theoretical basis based on incursions of historical materialism. The investigation allowed to identify an absolute preponderance of individual processes, to the detriment of procedural collectivization. It was possible to verify a greater number of collective demands in Courts at State’s capital in comparison to judicial units located at inland, as well as, in such units, the existence of a large percentage of individual demands that, due to the similarity of objects and identity of defendants, could constituent a class action suit. It was also possible to attest to the occurrence of a phenomenon of generation of individual demands, based on collective judgments of Labor Courts at Palmas, increasing the procedural quantitative of these Courts. It was concluded that the percentage of collective demands, by itself, does not allow to assess the effectiveness of judicial protection of metaindividual labor interests, considering the expressive number of individual cases resulting from decisions rendered in collective demands, being perceived the impossibility to properly comply the goals established by CNJ for the prioritization of collective actions, in view of the absence of correct framing of collective nature demands, and it was ascertained that several actions, although they proceeded as individuals, had as their objects the protection of diffuse, collective and/or individual homogeneous interests.

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Cutts, Laura Anne. "Social justice in UK counselling psychology : exploring the perspectives of members of the profession who have a high interest in, and commitment to, social justice." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-justice-in-uk-counselling-psychology-exploring-the-perspectives-of-members-of-the-profession-who-have-a-high-interest-in-and-commitment-to-social-justice(1e8c2438-cef1-412e-9142-f63c22b2244c).html.

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Background and objectives: Despite a large amount of theoretical literature, empirical research into the area of social justice in counselling psychology has been limited to date. Furthermore, no research has explored this topic from the perspective of UK based counselling psychologists. The overarching purpose of this study was therefore to explore the social justice interest and commitment of members of the UK counselling psychology profession. Method and analyses: A mixed methods design was employed. A preliminary quantitative survey phase was followed by the priority stage of the research, in which qualitative interviews were conducted with six members of the counselling psychology profession with at least a moderate interest in, and commitment to, social justice. Qualitative data were analysed using tools from the grounded theory approach. Connection of the two phases of research occurred at participant selection for the qualitative phase and in the interpretation phase. Findings: Quantitative findings were limited; however, comparative to previous studies using the same measure, members of the counselling psychology profession have lower levels of social justice interest and commitment. Qualitative findings highlighted two core categories within the data: ‘Counselling psychologists’ understanding of social justice in counselling psychology and their connection to it’ and ‘Counselling psychologists’ reflections on social justice action’. Conclusions: The qualitative findings extend our understanding of counselling psychologists’ social justice interest and commitment and aid interpretation of the initial quantitative findings. Participants defined social justice in a way which is largely consistent with the theoretical literature but reported some difficulties with this which may be due to training in the area. Results relating to social justice action indicate that whilst some UK-based counselling psychologists are acting on their social justice values, there are numerous issues which potentially limit this. Recommendations for theory, further research and practice are discussed.

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Carisetti, Maria Katharine. "The Influence of Interest Groups as Amicus Curiae on Justice Votes in the U.S. Supreme Court." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71374.

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Amicus curiae participation by interest groups has greatly increased over the past few decades in the Supreme Court despite a limited understanding of their influence. Previous literature has suggested that at the U.S. Supreme Court level, interest groups as amici are no more likely to get justices votes in a liberal or conservative direction than when no amicus brief is provided. Some literature, however, suggests that there are certain types of cases in which amicus briefs may be influential, such as in constitutional, statutory, and civil rights cases. By conducting several comparisons of means tests for the number of justice votes in a certain ideological direction with and without an amicus brief, this study investigates the influence of briefs on justice votes in civil rights and economic cases. The findings support the previous literature that suggests briefs are no more likely to be related to an increased number of votes in the direction of the brief, but finds that civil rights cases may be positively affected by amicus briefs while economic cases are negatively affected. This thesis concludes by explaining that the content of the briefs submitted should change in order to be more effective in influencing justices or that interest groups should use their efforts in other avenues to impact policy.
Master of Arts

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23

Castres, Saint Martin Constance. "Les conflits d'intérêts en arbitrage commercial international." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020029/document.

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Le conflit d'intérêts est un sujet passionnant notamment en raison de son omniprésence dans l'actualité. Approximative, l'expression empruntée au magma lexical des politiciens et juristes anglo-américains s'est récemment diffusée en France dans le monde des affaires et aussitôt reprise par le jargon médiatique pour désigner des éventuelles interférences de l'intérêt privé dans l'exercice de pouvoirs de nature privée ou publique. Il n'existe en l'état actuel du droit positif français aucune réglementation spécifique de ces « conflits d'intérêts », pas plus en droit privé qu'en droit public, alors même qu'on se préoccupe de leur prévention tandis que leur sanction relève de qualifications plus générales. Il convient donc de s'interroger sur la définition et la valeur opératoire de cette notion et le régime juridique qui pourrait lui être réservé, ce que l'on se propose d'entreprendre dans la sphère du droit privé et par préférence dans le champ de l'arbitrage commercial, particulièrement exposé aux appétits hégémoniques des droits anglo-américains
Conflict of Interests is a fascinated subject due to its pervasiveness in the economic life. This approximated expression, borrowed from the politicians and Anglo-American lawyers' jargon, has recently spread into the French business world and was taken up by the media to designate the interferences of private interest in the exercise of powers of private or public nature. In the current state of French Law, there is no specific rule governing conflicts of interests, neither in Private Law, nor in Public Law. Indeed, politicians and scholars paradoxically only focus on their prevention, whereas their sanctions fall within the scope of broader notions. The aim of this research is to lay down the definition, the operative value and the regime of conflict of interests. The scope of this research shall be, within Private Law, Commercial Arbitration Law, which is particularly exposed to the hegemony of Anglo-American laws

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Andrade, Boaventura João. "Interesse público, interesse particular e acesso à justiça: reflexões a partir das prerrogativas da Fazenda Pública." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9744.

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Este trabalho acadêmico é fruto da observação profissional cotidiana acerca da relação do Estado e de suas entidades de Direito Público com o particular. De modo algum propende a deslustrar teorias, opiniões e suporte jurídico favoráveis ao modelo diferenciado e casuisticamente pró-estatal vigente. Assim, na linha do eixo acadêmico-científico deste Mestrado, de caráter marcadamente profissional, buscou-se no campo do pluralismo de idéias descrever, num diapasão dialético, o contexto factual e jurídico-legal consoante os dois primeiros capítulos, para assim ensejar discussão e reflexão sobre matéria que se oferece relevante para a efetiva melhoria dos serviços jurisdicionais, submetendo-os, a seguir, a diretivas teóricas e, em particular, à compreensão contextual de nossa ordem constitucional. Partiu-se assim, de situações concretas vivenciadas no ambiente forense de uma unidade da Justiça Federal (2ª Vara da Justiça Federal de Petrópolis, da Seção Judiciária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro), sabidamente competente para as causas em que a União, entidades autárquicas ou empresa pública federal forem interessadas na condição de autoras, rés, assistentes ou opoentes1. O tema central do estudo são as prerrogativas processuais da Fazenda Pública. Vem de longe um conjunto de protetivo processual em seu favor. Para ficarmos no século XX, por exemplo, o art. 32 do Decreto-Lei nº 1.608, de 18 de setembro de 1939 (Código de Processo Civil) já explicitava: 'Art. 32. Aos representantes da Fazenda Pública contar-se-ão em quádruplo os prazos para a contestação e em dobro para a interposição de recurso.' O Código de Processo Civil atual conforme destacado na parte descritiva do texto, cuidou de aperfeiçoar e ampliar esse suporte pró-fazendário, como exemplo, o dispositivo mais conhecido é, seguramente, o art. 188 do Código de Processo Civil. No entanto, a multiplicidade de avanços no seio da sociedade brasileira – basicamente nos planos político, constitucional, legal, social, econômico, cultural, global e tecnológico – trouxe como corolário o imperativo da otimização dos mecanismos voltados para o que denominamos no trabalho de acesso qualificado à Justiça. Esse conjunto de fatores, em realidade, acha-se forrado pelos princípios da igualdade e da isonomia que permeiam todo o arcabouço de conquistas asseguradas no corpo político-jurídico constitucional. Nas palavras do professor e atual Ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal Luiz Fux2, a neutralidade, sobretudo do juiz, constitui fator impediente para o magistrado manter a igualdade das partes na relação jurídica processual. Claro, frise-se, tanto quanto possível, isto é, observando a lei que, ao eventualmente promover, pontualmente, certo grau distintivo, o faça comprometida com a efetiva correção de discrímen para assim encontrar e assegurar a igualdade. Deve fazêlo, na linha desse pensamento, de modo a impedir que o resultado da aplicação da norma não seja expressão da deficiência e do desmerecimento de uma das partes em juízo. Tudo considerado importa que o entendimento ora realçado não se destine apenas ao juiz, mas no caso, também ao legislador, fonte criadora da normatividade posta em evidência.
This scholarly work is the result of daily professional observation about the relationship of the state and its entities of public law with the particular. Not at all, tends to tarnish theories, opinions and legal support in favor of the differentiated model and pro-state vigente. Assim case by case basis, in line with the axis of the academic and scientific Master of Professional markedly, we sought in the field of pluralism of ideas to describe in a dialectical pitch, the factual and legal context and legal according to the first two chapters, so give rise to discussion and reflection on matters that offers relevant to the effective improvement of judicial services, submitting them, then the theoretical and policy, In particular, the contextual understanding of our constitutional order. We started well in specific situations experienced in environmental forensic unit of the Federal Court (2nd Circuit Federal Court of Petropolis, the Judicial Section of the State of Rio de Janeiro), known to be responsible for cases in which the Union and autonomous agencies or federal public company have an interest as plaintiffs, defendants, assistants or opposing party. The central theme of the study are the procedural powers of the Treasury. Come by far one set of protective proceedings in his favor. To stay in the twentieth century, for example, art. 32 of Decree-Law No. 1608 of September 18, 1939 (Code of Civil Procedure) has made explicit: 'Art 32. The representatives of the Treasury will tell on the deadlines for quad and double challenge for appeal. 'The current Code of Civil Procedure as outlined in the descriptive part of the text, took care to improve and expand this support pro- Farmers, for example, the device is best known for sure the art. 188 of the Code of Civil Procedure. However, the multitude of advances in Brazilian society - primarily in the political, constitutional, legal, social, economic, cultural, global and technological - brought as a corollary of the imperative engine optimization focused on what we call access at work qualified to justice. This set of factors, in fact, finds himself lined by the principles of equality and equality that permeate the whole framework of achievements secured in the body politiclegal constitutional. In the words of the teacher and current Minister of the Supreme Court Luiz Fux, neutrality, especially the judge, is impediente factor for the magistrate to keep the equality of parties in the legal proceedings. Sure, He stated as far as possible, ie, observing the law, to eventually provide, promptly, some degree distinctive, committed to make the correction Discrimen effective way to find and ensure equality. It must do so in line with this thinking, in order to prevent the result of applying the standard is not the expression of disability and the unworthiness of a party in juízo.Tudo considered that the matter now enhanced understanding is not intended only to judge but in this case, to legislation, the creative source of normativity put in evidence.

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Puente, Brunke José de la. "Justicia e intereses particulares : el caso de un oidor del siglo XVII." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114097.

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Gonçalves, Sérgio Fusquine. "Melhor interesse e discricionariedade judicial: uma análise do novo direito da criança e do adolescente sob o marco do pós-positivismo." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2449.

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Com o advento da nova Doutrina da Proteção Integral, plasmada, no plano nacional, na Carta Política de 1988 e no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, ocorreu forte mudança do paradigma referente às questões da Infância e da Juventude, tornando as crianças e adolescentes sujeitos de direitos e não meros objetos de providências de cunho assistencial. Aboliu-se a antiga Doutrina da Situação Irregular, redundando na redução dos limites de atuação do Juiz da Infância e da Juventude. No entanto, identifica-se um movimento de negação do novo ordenamento, que se reflete em decisões voltadas, ainda, para o sistema jurídico revogado. Nesse cenário, o princípio do melhor interesse da criança, previsto na Convenção Internacional Sobre os Direitos da Criança, tem servido de instrumento para a adoção de decisões judiciais discricionárias e alheias à nova ordem vigente. Essa realidade é percebida e exemplificada em precedentes da Justiça Gaúcha, exigindo a construção de alternativas para que os direitos e garantias fundame
The new Integral Protection Doctrine, constituted nationally in the 1988 Constitution and in the Child and Adolescent Act, a sound paradigm change occurred concerning the childhood and youth issues, in which children and adolescents became subjects of right instead of simple assistance objects. The former Irregular Situation Doctrine was revoked, causing, as a result, a reduction of the limits to the Childhood and Youth Judge actions. However, it is possible to identify a denying move towards to the new determination, reflecting on decisions directed to the former juridical system. In this situation, the best interest of the child principle, foreseen in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, is being used for discretionary decisions, disregarding the new valid order. This reality is perceived and exemplified in precedent situations of the Justice in Rio Grande do Sul, demanding alternatives in order to protect the fundamental rights and guaranties of children and adolescents. Thus, the present paper int

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Tavares, Júnior Eraldo Ramos. "Acesso à justiça e macrolides." Faculdade de Direito, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17473.

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A presente dissertação se propõe à análise do acesso à justiça diante de uma nova conflituosidade social. Parece não existir dúvidas de que a tutela jurisdicional individual não é suficiente para a pacificação das relações conflituosas em massa, que assolam os tribunais de todo o país, através de milhares de ações repetitivas, com o mesmo objeto, e quase sempre, com o mesmo pedido. Aqueles que diariamente militam nos fóruns brasileiros têm a absoluta certeza de que questões relativas litígios seriados desafiam uma tutela jurisdicional diferenciada. Torna-se, então, imprescindível o estudo e desenvolvimento do tema, fazendo uma análise da Jurisdição e do Processo à luz do paradigma democrático, da compreensão do acesso à justiça na atualidade, bem como da tutela coletiva de direito, em especial dos direitos individuais homogêneos. Assim, o presente trabalho começa analisando os conceitos clássicos do processo e a sua repercussão da realidade jurídica brasileira atual. Após, procurou-se apontar os principais problemas que impedem o incremento do acesso à justiça, em especial diante de uma sociedade extremamente massificada, apresentando sugestões para superação dos problemas. Por fim, procurou tecer algumas considerações acerca do incidente de coletivização das demandas repetitivas, inserido no Novo Código de Processo Civil, aprovado pelo Senado Federal e pendente de envio para sanção presidencial. Essas são algumas questões discutidas no presente trabalho, que não tem o fito de esgotar a matéria, mas de fomentar e contribuir para a discussão do tema.

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Mohamed, Farouq. "Capitalism in moral perspective - an Islamic alternative." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2605.

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Magister Artium - MA
Our time has been called the age of economics; the social philosopher Edmund Burke first used this term to characterize the eighteenth century, which was his own century and also the century of Adam Smith, but this expression has since become even more appropriate. While in the middle ages the beliefs that divide society and set large blocks of people at war with each other were theological in nature, in our time the great ominous divide between peoples is based on differing philosophies of economics (Lux, 1990:1). Economists are now key advisors to governments, presidents, prime ministers, and even autocrats and dictators, in addition to their obvious and expected place in the world of business, banking, and finance. The celebrated twentieth-century economist John Maynard Keynes gives an apt description of the influence of economics in our time: “The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood.” (Lux, 1990:1). The analysis presented in this study spreads over four chapters followed by a concluding chapter and the bibliography. For the full understanding of the need of this analysis and where it comes from; the methods that are followed; the literature used; the normative framework for evaluating the different systems, a brief survey is presented in the first chapter. The second chapter argues the need for an economic system that functions economically and morally; one that satisfies the criteria set by the widely accepted theory on justice by John Rawls. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages, but especially the moral and practical shortcomings, of the current dominating global system, Capitalism, based on short-term human vision and planning, and a preliminary critical moral assessment thereof, is given in chapter three. The fourth chapter briefly presents the Islamic economic system as a possible alternative, more reliable, economic system, claiming to depend on divine knowledge. The strengths of this system are pitted over against the shortcomings identified in Capitalism and the possible viability of the Islamic system is tested against the criteria of John Rawls’ theory of justice. The concluding fifth chapter summarises the outcomes of the investigation and presents some recommendations for a viable economic philosophy and system for the future.
South Africa

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Sullivan, La Tasha. "An Exploration of the Relationship between Master Level Counseling Trainees Color Blind Racial Ideology and Social Justice Interest, Commitment, Self-efficacy, Supports, Barriers, and Training: Compelled to Train." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556729274450232.

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Cermak, Bonni. "In the interest of justice : legal narratives of sex, gender, race and rape in twentieth century Los Angeles, 1920-1960 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3164075.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-204). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Ferrara, Luciana Nicolau. "Urbanização da natureza: da autoprovisão de infraestruturas aos projetos de recuperação ambiental nos mananciais do sul da metrópole paulistana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-25092013-110858/.

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A presente tese focaliza o processo de ocupação dos mananciais do sul da metrópole de São Paulo, abordando um quadro de relações que se estabeleceu na formação e consolidação de loteamentos precários. Os loteamentos irregulares estudados foram construídos durante os anos 1990, em São Bernardo do Campo, na bacia da Billings - área ambientalmente protegida por lei desde os anos 1970. A análise abrange desde a autoprovisão de infraestruturas, passando pela reivindicação de redes públicas pelos moradores, até a realização de projetos de urbanização. Abordam-se as articulações entre agentes públicos e privados, suas práticas espaciais, bem como as leis e as políticas de mananciais que, perpassadas pela especificidade da propriedade privada, engendraram, direta ou indiretamente, a forma urbana dos loteamentos irregulares. Esse quadro de agentes, num outro contexto, também construiu a necessidade da recuperação ambiental, na qual se associou à implementação de infraestruturas públicas a regularização fundiária e urbanística de interesse social. Os conflitos socioambientais que emergem nesse processo colocam em questão as concepções e a forma de expansão das redes de infraestrutura, o que extrapola a escala local, e evidenciam os descompassos que se estabelecem na realização da política habitacional e de saneamento. Nesse quadro, a fragmentação do espaço articula diferentes escalas de análise, explicitando os limites e as possibilidades, ainda que residuais, de uma apropriação socialmente justa do ambiente urbano. As transformações em curso na paisagem dos mananciais, engendradas pelo capitalismo periférico, nos permitem problematizar concepções hegemônicas acerca do novo paradigma ambiental, à luz da reflexão crítica da relação sociedade-natureza. A pesquisa visa, então, contribuir para o debate da \"questão ambiental urbana\".
The present work focuses on the process of occupation of water source areas in the south of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, addressing the conflicts related to the production of infrastructure during the constitution and consolidation of precarious settlements that expanded in the 1990\'s, in São Bernardo do Campo, in the Billings Basin - an area that has been protected by environmental laws since the 1970\'s. From the self-provision of infrastructure, passing through the demand of public networks on behalf of the dwellers, reaching the implementation of urbanization projects, we address the articulations between public and private agents, their spatial practices, as well as the laws and policies regarding water source areas, whose relations mediated by the specificity of the private property, engendered, directly or indirectly, the urban shape of irregular settlements. And, secondly, also created the need for environmental recovery, associating the implementation of public infrastructure with land and urban regulation of social interests. The socio-environmental conflicts that emerged during this process challenged the conceptions and the way infrastructure networks expanded, which extrapolates the local scale, and pointed out the unsteadiness that was established when executing housing and sanitation policies. In this panorama, the fragmentation of the space articulates in the different scales of analysis, making explicit the limits and possibilities, although residual, of a collective and socially fair appropriation of the urban environment. The changes that are taking place in the landscape of water source areas enable us to problematize hegemonic conceptions concerning the new environmental paradigm, based on a critical reflection between society and nature. This study aims at contributing to the debate about the urban \"environmental issue\".

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Guenole, Nigel Raymond. "A Close Look at the Nomology of Support for National Smoking Bans amongst Hospitality Industry Managers: An application of Growth Mixture Modeling." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1498.

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Politicians and social marketers considering whether, and how, to implement a national smoking ban in their countries require sound evidence regarding what the causes of support are amongst key stakeholders, how this support will develop over the short to medium term in which they seek to be re-elected, and how support relates to critical outcomes like enforcement. In response to this need, I use structural equation models to develop a model of the antecedents of support, based on theories of self interest and common sense justice, amongst hospitality industry managers. I show that support is determined more by fairness related constructs than self interest constructs, that support for national smoking bans increases consistently over time, and that the initial level of support, and the rate at which support increases, is positively related to subsequent enforcement behaviour by bar managers, in the year after implementation of such a ban, in New Zealand. I use growth mixture modeling to identify two subgroups of bar managers whose support changes at different rates. First, a class of bar managers with a high proportion of smokers who reported fewer instances of respiratory related health problems, showed low initial support, and whose support for the legislation slowly decreased. And second, a class of bar managers comprised of fewer smokers, but reporting more instances of respiratory related health problems. This class began with a high degree support, and steadily increased in support for the national smoking ban. I discuss the implications of these findings for social marketers, health educationalists, and politicians interested in introducing a similar ban in other countries.

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Jorge, Álvaro Palma de. "Supremo interesse: protagonismo político-regulatório e a evolução institucional do processo de seleção dos ministros do STF." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16202.

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Based on the fact that higher courts are assuming a greater role in Brazil today, as is the global trend in complex contemporary societies, in the shaping of public policy and regulation, the study aims to map the evolution – and progressive democratization – of the checks and balances structure established in the 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, i.e., the selection process of justice for Federal Supreme Court, Brazil’s apex constitutional court. The text analyses the institutional/constitutional framework of the selection process for new justices, and exemplify changes in the profile of political players, in the network of competences of institutions involved in the process and in the social, political, economic and cultural context that pushed through the practical transformation of the institutional selection model without altering, however, the format originally established in the 19th Century. By mapping the origin and evolution of the constitutional formula for collaboration between the Executive and Legislative branches in choosing the members of the Judiciary’s highest court, the study finds the origin of the Brazilian model in the US experience, describing the latter and making parallels between the two. Taking the 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil as a milestone, the work demonstrates the even greater mobilization of political and social players concerning the selection process, especially in relation to the hearings and confirmation of appointments for the Federal Supreme Court by the Federal Senate Constitution, Justice and Civic Rights Commission (CCJ). Finally, the studies analyzes actual CCJ hearing sessions and some of the main discussions therein so as to draw lessons that may guide the debate on the evolution of the selection process of justices to the Federal Supreme Court , including as an early control tool used by those involved in the creation of future public policy through Federal Supreme Court decisions.
Partindo da constatação de que o Brasil acompanha hoje um fenômeno global de protagonismo das cortes supremas nas sociedades complexas contemporâneas, notadamente na criação de políticas-públicas e regulação, o estudo procura mapear a evolução – e progressiva democratização – de uma estrutura de freios e contrapesos prevista na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 ('Constituição'), qual seja, o processo de seleção dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Ao longo do texto é analisada a arquitetura institucional e constitucional do processo de indicação e aprovação de novos ministros, bem como exemplificadas mudanças no perfil dos atores políticos, no plexo de competências das instituições envolvidas e no contexto social, político, econômico e cultural que forçaram a transformação prática do modelo de seleção institucional, sem alteração, no entanto, da formatação originalmente prevista desde o Século XIX. Mapeando a origem e evolução da fórmula constitucional de colaboração entre o Poder Executivo e o Poder Legislativo para a escolha dos membros da cúpula do Poder Judiciário, o estudo identifica a origem do modelo brasileiro na inspiração da experiência norte-americana, descrevendo esta e os paralelos possíveis com aquele. A partir do marco central da Constituição, o trabalho procura demonstrar uma progressiva mobilização de atores políticos e sociais em relação ao processo de escolha, notadamente em relação ao momento em que os indicados para o Supremo Tribunal Federal são sabatinados pela Comissão de Constituição, Justiça e Cidadania do Senado Federal. Finalmente, são analisadas concretamente as sabatinas e algumas das suas principais discussões, buscando extrair lições que sirvam de norte colaborativo para a evolução da forma de seleção dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal, inclusive como instrumento de controle prévio de seus membros, futuros elaboradores de políticas-públicas.

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Castello, Branco Neto Joffre do Rêgo. "A ineficiência do poder judiciário brasileiro em aplicar justiça : a influência do interesses econômicos privados." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2012. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/89605.

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The objective of this study is to analyze the practical absence of justice by the Brazilian Judiciary or its inefficiency to promote justice. For that we search conceptualize justice, from the perspective of philosophy and legal. Another theoretical aspect seen is the social function of contracts, the principle has long advocated by the classical literature of legal and social sciences. This proved to be necessary on the observation that not only the law but also contracts must fulfill its social function always in search of social justice, should rule out individualism. Then through analysis of official data of the judiciary, the relevant legislation and processes, always taking into account the teachings of the school of thought, "Economic Analysis of Law," noted the negative incentives caused by the law, both in the Justice work on the Civil Justice. Given the difficulty of achieving justice, the search for an economically efficient solution is advocated. Finally we observe that there is, from the current procedural law, a Judge of the economic interest in the causes they serve. The work is bibliographical and contains the analysis of a case to exemplify the final thesis advocated that incentives provided by our legal system are negative. Key-words: Justice. Judiciary. Theorem of negative incentives. Economic Analysis of Law. Social function.
O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise da inexistência prática de justiça junto ao Poder Judiciário brasileiro ou da sua ineficiência de promover justiça. Para tanto se busca conceituar justiça, sob a ótica da filosofia-jurídica. Outro aspecto teórico visto é a função social dos contratos, princípio defendido há bastante tempo pelos clássicos da literatura das ciências jurídicas e sociais. Isso mostrou-se necessário diante da observação de que não apenas a lei mas também os contratos devem cumprir sua função social sempre em busca de uma justiça social, devendo afastar o individualismo. Em seguida por meio de análises de dados oficiais do Poder Judiciário, da legislação pertinente e de processos, sempre levando em consideração os ensinamentos da escola de pensamento Análise Econômica do Direito , se observa os incentivos negativos provocados pelo Direito, tanto na Justiça do Trabalho quanto na Justiça Cível. Diante da dificuldade de se alcançar justiça, a busca por uma solução economicamente eficiente é defendida. Por fim se observa que existe, a partir da legislação processual atual, um interesse econômico dos Juiz nas causas em que atuam. O trabalho é bibliográfico e contém a análise de um caso concreto para exemplificar a tese final defendida de que os incentivos apresentados pelo nosso ordenamento jurídico são negativos. Palavras-Chave: Justiça. Poder Judiciário. Teorema dos incentivos negativos. Análise econômica do direito. Função social.

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Badwaza, Yoseph Mulugeta. "Public interest litigation as practised by South African human rights NGOs : any lessons for Ethiopia?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1135.

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"It is against this backdrop of unsatisfacotry enforcement of fundamental human rights enshrined in the Constitution that the role of human rights NGOs in Ethiopia should come to the fore. Thus, apart from monitoring violations and conducting legal awareness programs, there is a need for human rights NGOs in Ethiopia to engage in public interest litigation with a view to facilitating the judical enforcement of fundamental rights representing those who, for various reasons, can not access courts. A number of reasons could be provided to justify why the South African system has been chosen for a lesson to Ethiopia. One reason could be the legal framework put in place to address issues of acces to justice in South Africa. Standing is a crucial question in any venture of public interest litigation. Section 38(d) of the South African Constitution entitles anyone acting in the public interest to approach a competent court and seek remedies when they feel that a fundamental right is infringed or threatened. This very liberal approach to standing is not common in many legal systems. For countries like Ethiopia where there is an extremely tight requirement of standing to institute civil proceedings in courts, such a liberal approach could be an inspiration. In addition to the guarantees given by the Constitution, in South Africa there exists a relatively advanced and dynamic system of subsidiary legislation that could facilitate the full utilisation of the constitutionally recognised rights of access to justice. More relevant to this dissertation are the human rights NGOs in South Africa that are engaged in human rights lawyering in general and public interest litigation in particular. Much could be learnt from the experiences of prominent human rights NGOs such as the Legal Resources Centre and Lawyers for Human Rights. In all, Ethiopia, where the activities of human rights NGOs have not yet gone further than the monitoring of violations and fragmented attempts of awareness raising campaigns, could indeed draw lessons from the South African experience in this regard. ... The study has five chapters. The first chapter deals with introductory matters such as objective, methodology and literature survey. In the second chapter, a working definition of the concept of public interest litigation, the rationale behind it, issues such as access to justice and locus standi will be discussed. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of public interest litigation as employed in different legal systems. With a view to providing a broad perspective to the practice the cases of France, the United States and Canada are presented. However, the chapter will focus more on the Indian and South African systems, mainly because of the nature of the problems public interest litigation addresses in the two countries. There will be a fourth chapter dedicated to the examination of the existing legal and institutional framework in Ethiopia in light of the background presented in the previous chapters. The fifth chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendations aimed at pointing out the major lessons to be drawn to introduce public interest litigation in Ethiopia." -- Introduction.
Prepared under the supervision of Professor JR de Ville at the Community Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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Martins, Orlane Araújo Azevedo. "Desapropriação por interesse social : ação afirmativa do poder público." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/4505.

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Abordagem analítica da desapropriação por interesse social como Ação Afirmativa do Poder Público, em realização da função social da propriedade urbana e rural, a fim de conferir efetividade ao princípio constitucional da igualdade material, assegurando a garantia eficaz de direitos fundamentais econômicos, sociais e culturais, na valoração da dignidade do homem, este novamente como pólo da ciência e do ordenamento jurídico

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Del-Campo, Eduardo Roberto Alcântara. "Exame e levantamento técnico pericial de locais de interesse à justiça criminal: abordagem descritiva e crítica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-27052010-093136/.

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O panorama das ciências forenses no Brasil poderia ser mais auspicioso. O aumento incontrolável das dissensões sociais e da criminalidade comum, o crescimento de facções do crime organizado, o surgimento de novas modalidades de delitos, os desastres de massa e o incremento de novas tecnologias são fatores que apontam no sentido de uma maior demanda por exames periciais e da crescente complexidade dos trabalhos relacionados com as ciências forenses. Paradoxalmente, a falta de investimentos públicos na área, os baixos salários, a ausência de perspectiva profissional e o acúmulo de serviço são alguns dos fatores que claramente influenciam na queda de qualidade do trabalho técnico. Não se publicam mais obras de Criminalística e Medicina Legal no país. As revistas especializadas são poucas e os cursos de Direito paulatinamente vão destinando cada vez menos espaço para aquelas que, ao lado da formação jurídica específica, deveriam ser as matérias principais na formação do bacharel, especialmente daqueles que militam na área penal. Além disso, e exatamente pela natureza técnica da matéria, poucos são os questionamentos que recaem sobre a cadeia de custódia ou sobre a validade das provas periciais apresentadas pelos organismos públicos encarregados da prevenção e da repressão criminal. Este trabalho pretende apresentar uma breve revisão dos dispositivos que regulamentam a prova pericial no sistema processual penal, recentemente alterados pela Lei n. 11.690, de 09/06/08, a estrutura da polícia científica e os procedimentos periciais de levantamento dos locais de interesse à Justiça Criminal, desde o momento que antecede à perícia até a entrega do relatório técnico, apontando seus limites, deficiências e qualidades.
The overview of forensic sciences in Brazil could be more auspicious. The uncontrollable raise of social disagreements and common criminality, the increase of organized crime factions, the appearance of new forms of crime, mass disasters and improvement of new technologies are factors which leads to a sense of higher demand for expert examinations and an increasing complexity of works related to forensic sciences. Paradoxically, the absence of public investment in the area, the low wages, the lack of professional perspectives and the accrual of workload are some of the factors that clearly influence the decline of quality of technical works. There are few new publications about Criminalistics and Legal Medicine in Brazil. The specialized journals are few and law schools are gradually giving less space for those which, like specific legal matters, should be the main ones in the training of new lawyers, especially those who work with criminal law. Besides that, and exactly because of the technical nature of the matter, few are the questions which fall upon the chain of custody or the validity of the expert evidence shown by the public organisms which are responsible for the criminal prevention and repression. This dissertation intends to present a brief review of the articles that regulate the expert evidence in the criminal procedural law, recently altered by Law nº 11.690 of 09/06/08, and the structure of forensic science and the expert procedures to gather places of interest to the Criminal Justice, from the moment preceding the expertise until the delivery of the technical report, pointing out its limitations, shortcomings and qualities.

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Veronese, Josiane Rose Petry. "Acesso a justiça: a defesa dos interesses difusos da criança e do adolescente-ficção ou realidade?" reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1994. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76073.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Juridicas
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A presente tese trata de um estudo acerca do acesso à Justiça por parte da criança e do adolescente, visando a interposição de determinado interesse difuso. Para tanto emprega-se uma metodologia baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica interdisciplinar, servindo-se de um instrumental teórico extraído de outras áreas de conhecimento humano, que não apenas o jurídico, e assim garantir que o tema não fosse abordado unilateralmente.

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Sartor, Vicente Volnei de Bona. "A justiça intergeracional e a tradição da política brasileira." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/80160.

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Анотація:

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Doutorado Interdisciplinar em Ciências Humanas
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Essa tese é uma reflexão filosófico-histórica, sobre a problemática do uso atual da água numa perspectiva de justiça intergeracional. As referências teórico-epistemológicas da pesquisa constam da teoria da justiça como eqüidade. Elas sugerem uma proposta de gestão político-institucional da água na perspectiva de um bem de uso comum. Com tal objetivo, serão identificados, sob a ótica do Princípio da Poupança Justa (PPJ), os compromissos da geração presente, relativos ao bem água, para com a geração seguinte a fim de compreender as formas de relacionamento homem/natureza no contexto das sociedades bem-ordenadas. Faz-se necessário compreendê-las, em particular com a água, através da contextualização das políticas públicas e das tradições socioculturais no Brasil. Essencial para a existência da vida dos homens, animais e plantas, a água revestiu-se de forte conteúdo simbólico, presente nos mitos e lendas de diversas culturas. Na contemporaneidade, secularizada e pluralista, a água tornou-se um bem de uso comum. É grande a importância dos princípios da justiça pública na formulação de diretrizes políticas a serem implementadas pelas instituições da estrutura básica da sociedade. A água, no Brasil, até recentemente considerada um bem natural em abundância, passou a ser motivo de doenças e disputas, fonte de energia e abastecimento, meio de transporte, opção de lazer e alimento nos últimos cinqüenta anos. Ao longo dos séculos, os múltiplos usos da água necessários para a crescente urbanização e industrialização contribuíram para o aumento da poluição hídrica. Ao final do século XX e início do século XXI, o Brasil, como diversos outros países, enfrenta o dilema de desenvolver-se economicamente e, simultaneamente, preservar o meio ambiente. A água, por ser um bem de uso difuso e público, serve como bom exemplo desse dilema. Ao tornar-se um recurso dotado de valor econômico, passa a ser um gerador potencial de conflitos entre diversos usuários no mercado competitivo. Neste caso, a mediação do Estado torna-se necessária por meio de políticas que assegurem uma distribuição eqüitativa. Com a atual Lei 9.433/97, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, é possível que surja uma oportunidade no Brasil para conhecer e melhor gerir tais recursos, referentes ao uso atual e futuro, evitando-se uma possível escassez ou degradação generalizada dos mananciais, possibilidade questionada, nessa tese, à luz da teoria da justiça como eqüidade em John Rawls.

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Genco, Leonard J. "A Power Conflict Approach to Animal Cruelty: Examining How Economic Power Influences the Creation of Animal Cruelty Laws." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6242.

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The current study examines the association of macro-level economic factors and the creation or enactment animal cruelty laws across the states at a fixed time. Criminologists have postulated that economic factors influence the legal system (Chambliss and Seidman, 1971). This thesis addresses whether state-level economic and related macro-level factors influences the amount and types of state animal cruelty legislation lawmakers enact. To do so, this thesis examined animal cruelty legislation and their association with measures of agricultural and farm production, Democratic Party, Republican Party, and pro-animal interest groups across all states of the United States for the time period (2012-2013). Findings suggested that three out of the four variables had significant relationships. The Democratic Party had the strongest relationship, but only Animal interests groups had a significant positive relationship. In all, this study explores how economic influence can influence the creation of animal cruelty legislation. Furthermore, the study opened up theoretical methods for more comprehensive analyses on the creation of law.

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Martins, Leila Maria Pereira. "A complexa arquitetura de um plano de ação para a justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/3508.

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When values are very resistent to change, social engineers prefer to use the law, in order to promote new behavior, even though not followed by changing in the attitude. The Judicial Reform is analysed as a factor to sustain the economic and social growth in developing countries.
Quando os valores são muito resistentes à mudança, os planejadores sociais preferem usar a lei, a fim de proporcionar comportamentos novos, mesmo que não sejam acompanhados da mudança na atitude. A Reforma do Judiciário é analisada como fator para sustentar o crescimento econômico e social dos países em desenvolvimento.

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Campos, Márcia Regina Leal. "Novo tratamento dispensado aos interesses públicos versus as prerrogativas garantidas à administração pública, como parte em ações judiciais trabalhistas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/6984.

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Public Administration enjoys procedural prerogatives, such as special deadlines for presenting defenses and appeals, a situation that occurs from the public supreme interest principle over the private interest. The Labor Procedure excels for simplicity and celerity of the lawsuit, mostly due to the nature of the quotas under discussion: its alimentary nature. The worker usually remains unbalanced in the material and procedural relationships, and he is not able to survive with dignity, without the strength of his work. Hence the need to simplify the labor lawsuit procedures pattern and to reduce their lasting period. Such is the approach of this dissertation: to discuss the consistency of the special deadlines assured to Public Administration, whenever we are dealing with labor lawsuits, when, on the other side of procedural relationship, stands an unbalanced and weak worker, in need of a fast and effective judicial solution. Mainly since the new interpretations of Administrative Law, after the 1988 Constitution, which adopted the human being dignity basis.
A Administração Pública goza de prerrogativas processuais, dentre elas prazos especiais para apresentação de defesas e recursos, que decorrem do princípio da supremacia do interesse público sobre o interesse privado. O Processo do Trabalho prima pela simplicidade e celeridade dos procedimentos judiciais, principalmente em razão da natureza das parcelas discutidas: natureza alimentar. O trabalhador, em geral parte hipossuficiente nas relações material e processual, não sobrevive dignamente, sem os recursos advindos de sua força de trabalho. Por isso, a necessidade de simplificar a forma dos processos trabalhistas e diminuir seu tempo de duração. Esta é a abordagem desta dissertação: questiona-se a compatibilidade dos prazos especiais assegurados à Administração Pública, quando se cuida de ações trabalhistas, em que, do outro lado da relação processual, há um trabalhador hipossuficiente, carente da solução judicial célere e efetiva. Principalmente a partir das novas interpretações do Direito Administrativo, pós Constituição de 1988, que adota como fundamento a dignidade da pessoa humana.

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Souto, Arthur Heinstein Apolinário. "Lavagem de capitais: administração de justiça e ordem socioeconômica como bens jurídicos tutelados." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4425.

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Анотація:

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation aims to analyze some points of major importance within the theme money laundering. It is a scientific research, using qualitative and historical methods, because if provides an overview of the historical evolution of this behavior and makes a literature review of books, magazines, periodicals, websites and jurisprudence on the topic. The theme focused on attempts to achieve a criminal reality quite refined, improved and little known, even by most jurists since, amounts to a legislative innovation of considerable complexity. The objective is to expose the density of theme, had its own particularities, summarizing the historical evolution of anti-money laundering legislation, showing generations by passing or may pass such laws, in an attempt to contextualize the topic, presenting the concepts that reach such criminal and the various terms used as synonymous, thus showing that, due to their complexity, some phases sometimes be necessary to show that the capital of illicit origin are being reintroduced to the socio-economic-financial system, to gain the appearance of legitimate . Search will, within this context, presenting the legal interests protected by the standard anti-money laundering, interconnecting it to the criminal aspects of the law 9.613/98, exposing finally some ensure measures to combat and prevent washing. Compared to the plexus of the criminal action that achieves this offense, the call for new and efficient legal systems is worldwide, making a recommendation to the constitution of international legal texts, treaties, conventions etc. enabling all countries act cooperatively to combat money laundering. Worries thus not enhance the legislative tool that is available, but criticize it properly, only in their gaps, because there are many who admonish National Legislation anti-money laundering, however, few collaborate to address their breaches. Faced with increased macro crime organized and the large sums raised by them, upon exercise of their criminal activities, combined with the easy movement of values around the world and use these facilities to hide the values from the crimes committed by criminal bands mentioned, a concern of international order gained intensity in order to curb legally and said concrete globalized phenomenon. The problem evidenced in this work goes beyond the barriers of criminal policy, legal rulings and doctrinal studies on the topic. Its consequences are deleterious and that shows more concern is its scope, the constituency that borders finds no criminal activity. The only way to prevent such crime and to control it with the required property is taking it seriously. Recognizing the magnitude and wishing are truly creating a structure capable of detecting crime prior placate him at home. The Implementation of public policies, the rigging of the competent authorities involved in combating money laundering, awareness of financial institutions, the resurgence of standards etc., Initiatives that are in the medium term could make concrete have some effect, with respect to this crime decreased as offensive to the world society.
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar alguns pontos de reconhecida importância dentro do tema lavagem de capitais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa científica, utilizando-se os métodos histórico e qualitativo, porquanto, se apresenta uma síntese da evolução histórica dessa conduta e se perfaz uma revisão bibliográfica de livros, revistas, periódicos, sites e jurisprudências referentes ao assunto. O tema focalizado tenta alcançar uma realidade criminal bastante refinada, aprimorada e pouco conhecida, até mesmo por boa parte dos operadores do direito, posto, se tratar de inovação legislativa de considerável complexidade. Objetiva-se expor a densidade do tema, apresentado suas particularidades, sintetizando a evolução histórica da legislação antilavagem, mostrando as gerações por que passa ou podem passar essas leis, em uma tentativa de contextualizar o tema, apresentando os conceitos que alcançam esse tipo penal e as diversas expressões que são utilizadas para cognominá-lo, demonstrando, assim, que, por sua complexidade, algumas fases, por vezes, se mostram necessárias para que os capitais de origem ilícita sejam reintroduzidos ao sistema socioeconômico-financeiro, para ganhar aparência de legítimo. Procurar-se-á, dentro desse contexto, apresentar os bens jurídicos protegidos pela norma antilavagem, interconectando-o aos aspectos penais da lei 9.613/98, expondo, por fim, algumas medidas assecuratórias de combate e prevenção à lavagem. Ante o plexo da ação criminal que alcança esse delito, o apelo por novos e eficientes sistemas legais é mundial, perfazendo uma recomendação internacional a constituição de textos legais, tratados, convenções etc. que permitam que todos os países atuem de forma cooperativa no combate a lavagem de capitais. Preocupa-se, assim, não em enaltecer a ferramenta legislativa que se encontra à disposição, mas, criticá-la com propriedade, apenas nas suas lacunas, pois, são muitos os que admoestam a Legislação Nacional Antilavagem, porém, poucos colaboram para colmatar suas brechas. Diante do aumento da macrocriminalidade organizada e das grandes somas por elas levantadas, quando do exercício de suas atividades delitivas, aliado a fácil circulação de valores em todo o mundo e a utilização dessas facilidades para ocultar os valores oriundos dos crimes praticados por citadas bandas criminais, uma preocupação de ordem internacional ganhou intensidade, no intuito de coibir de forma legal e concreta dito fenômeno globalizado. O problema evidenciado nesse trabalho ultrapassa as barreiras da política criminal, das normas jurídicas e dos estudos doutrinários sobre o tema. Suas consequências são deletérias e o que se mostra mais preocupante é o seu alcance; a circunscrição dessa atividade delituosa não encontra fronteiras. A única forma de se prevenir tal delito e combatê-lo com a necessária propriedade é levando-o a sério. Reconhecendo sua magnitude e desejando-se, verdadeiramente a criação de uma estrutura apta a detectar o crime prévio e aplacá-lo na origem. A Implantação de políticas públicas, o aparelhamento das autoridades competentes envolvidas no combate ao branqueamento, a conscientização das instituições financeiras, o recrudescimento das normas etc., são iniciativas que em médio prazo poderiam fazer surtir algum efeito concreto, no tocante a diminuição dessa criminalidade tão ofensiva à sociedade mundial.

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Caldeira, Violeta Sarti. "Representação de interesses coletivos pela via judicial : dez anos de ações civis públicas julgadas no Supremo Tribunal de Justiça." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/49341.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Renato Monseff Perissinotto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 23/05/2017
Inclui referências : f. 127-133
Resumo: Este trabalho busca analisar os efeitos políticos da introdução de mecanismos de defesa dos direitos difusos e coletivos na legislação brasileira e a forma como esses direitos vêm sendo tratados pelo Judiciário. Em termos teóricos, esses mecanismos relacionam-se com reflexões acerca de transformações mais amplas que ocorrem nas democracias contemporâneas, principalmente com teorias sobre novos espaços de representação de interesses coletivos. No que se refere à pesquisa empírica, foram analisadas decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, entre os anos de 2006 e 2015, proferidas em processos iniciados via Ação Civil Pública. Na pesquisa, destaca-se a atuação do Ministério Público na defesa dos direitos difusos e coletivos na esfera civil. A análise dos dados conduziu-me a três problematizações sobre a defesa dos interesses coletivos pela via judicial: a) da ausência de instrumentos típicos das relações modernas de representação política, tais como mecanismos de accountability, quando a representação de interesses coletivos ocorre pela via judicial; b) o caráter de controle dos atos do Estado assumido pelo Ministério Público ao mover ações que representariam interesses da sociedade, muitas vezes, incidindo, inclusive, sobre decisões tomadas pelo governo eleito; c) a distância que a defesa desses direitos tomou de sua proposta original, que era de ampliação do acesso à justiça para grupos sociais vulneráveis, os quais encontram dificuldade em acessá-la pelos instrumentos tradicionais do processo civil. Palavras-chave: Representação política. Ação civil pública. Ministério Público.
Abstract: This work seeks to analyze the political effects of the introduction of mechanisms for the defense of diffuse and collective rights in Brazilian legislation and the way in which these rights have been treated0 by Judicial Power. In theoretical terms, these mechanisms are related to reflections on broader transformations that occur in contemporary democracies, specifically with theories that deal with new spaces opened for the political representation of collective interests. In what concerns empirical research, the analysis focused on the decisions of the Superior Court of Justice (Superior Tribunal de Justiça), from 2006 to 2015, all initiated through Public Civil Action (Ação Civil Pública). The research highlights the role of the Public Prosecutor in defending diffuse and collective rights in the civil sphere. The analysis of the data led me to three problematizations related to the defense of collective interests in the judicial process: a) the absence of typical instruments of modern relations of political representation, such as mechanisms of accountability, when the representation of collective interests occurs through the judicial process ; B) the character of control of the acts of the State assumed by the Public Prosecutor's Office when moving actions that represent the interests of the society, often even affecting decisions made by the elected government; C) the distance that the defense of these rights took from its original proposal, which was to increase access to justice for vulnerable social groups, who find it difficult to access it through the traditional instruments of civil procedure. Keywords: Political representation. Public civil action. Public Ministry.

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Mandelli, Alexandre Grandi. "Processo civil coletivo : em busca de uma teoria geral." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2444.

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This study is focused on the research guidance of jurisdiction, instrumentality, and effectiveness of civil procedure and concentrated on the civil procedure and general theory of jurisdiction and procedure area. This work intends to demonstrate the necessity of creating a general theory for the Brazilian collective civil procedure, since the Brazilian procedure science developed in view of purely individual conflicts is outdated. The process, which should be the hub of any methodological procedural theory, should be inserted in the panorama of the Brazilian social massification of legal relations, only then it can aspire to a sustainable justice of the decisions (ethical, economic, social, environmental, legalpolitical), which can be understood as the dinamic realization - progressive (not static) - of the fundamental rights contained in the legal system. From the perspective that the state should concern itself with the new interests claimed by the jurisdictioned, the dogmatic scenario of the liberal state, eminently concerned with the way in the strict sense, should be rethought. Changes to pre-misunderstandings and procedural formulas out of step with contemporary must happen for massified interests receive proper legal protection. In this perspective, the reformulation of principles such as the access to justice is of great importance. The idea of access to purely formal justice must transcend to the idea of access to the material justice. The brazilian legislature, throughout history, well tried to adjust the process to the material interests eminently collective and accidentally collective, taking advantage of different encodings, but the law’s applier distorted the procedural institutes to the misconcepted idea of subjectivity of any law. The objective law (law in itself), which can be understood as the set of legal rules governing the power to act (subjective law) or set of rules that do not give anyone the subjective law, can also be protected legally. When it intends to defend diffuse interests through a lawsuit, it is seeking the application (eventual creation) of the objective law, since any pretense of protection of subjective law is absent. It is essential, therefore, the reinterpretation of traditional legal assumptions disposed in the Brazilian legal system, from the evolution of the methodological phases of the process and juridical concepts, including: jurisdiction, principles, legitimacy, res judicata, third party intervention, procedure, litigation costs, resources, lis pendens, continence, connection, competence, evidence etc. We should not forget that this improvement pass, mainly, by the study of the development of procedural mechanisms that served as inspiration for the creation of the Brazilian collective procedural law (U. S. class action). And, when one realizes that, as a rule, the procedural institutes that constitute the general theory of individual civil procedure cannot simply be transported to the collective procedure, the requirement of a general theory for the collective procedure, with proper elements of composition, is imposed.
O presente estudo é focado na linha de pesquisa da jurisdição, instrumentalidade e efetividade do processo civil e na área de concentração do direito processual civil e teoria geral da jurisdição e processo. O trabalho pretende demonstrar a necessidade de criação de uma teoria geral para o processo civil coletivo brasileiro, visto que a ciência processual brasileira desenvolvida em vista de conflitos puramente individuais está defasada. O processo, que deve ser o polo metodológico de qualquer teoria processual, deve inserir-se no panorama brasileiro social da massificação das relações jurídicas. Só assim se poderá aspirar a uma justiça sustentável das decisões (ética, econômica, social, ambiental, jurídicopolítica), que pode ser entendida como realização dinâmica - progressista (não estática) - dos direitos fundamentais presentes no ordenamento jurídico. A partir da perspectiva de que o Estado deve preocupar-se com os novos interesses reclamados pelos jurisdicionados, aquele cenário dogmático do Estado liberal, preocupado eminentemente com a forma em sentido estrito, deve ser repensado. Mudanças de pré-compreensões equivocadas e de fórmulas processuais descompassadas com a hodiernidade devem acontecer para que interesses massificados recebam a devida tutela jurisdicional. Nesta perspectiva, a reformulação de princípios como o do acesso à justiça é de suma importância.A ideia de acesso à justiça puramente formal deve transcender para a ideia de acesso à justiça material. O legislador brasileiro, ao longo da história, bem tentou adequar o processo aos interesses materiais eminentemente coletivos e acidentalmente coletivos, valendo-se de diversas codificações, porém o aplicador do direito desvirtuou os institutos processuais à ideia equivocada de subjetivar todo e qualquer direito. O direito objetivo (direito em si), que pode ser entendido como o conjunto de normas jurídicas que regulam o poder de agir (direito subjetivo) ou o conjunto de normas que não atribuem a ninguém direito subjetivo, também pode ser tutelado juridicamente. Quando se pretende tutelar interesses difusos por meio de uma demanda judicial, se está a buscar a aplicação (eventual criação) do direito objetivo, visto que ausente qualquer pretensão de tutela de direitos subjetivos. Imprescindível, portanto, a releitura, a partir da evolução das fases metodológicas do processo e dos conceitos jurídicos, de pressupostos jurídicos tradicionais dispostos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, dentre eles: jurisdição, princípios, legitimidade, coisa julgada, intervenção de terceiros, procedimento, despesas processuais, recursos, litispendência, continência, conexão, competência, provas etc. Não se pode olvidar que esse aprimoramento passa, sobretudo, pelo estudo do desenvolvimento dos mecanismos processuais que serviram de inspiração para a criação da legislação processual coletiva brasileira (class action estadunidenses). E, com a constatação de que, via de regra, os institutos processuais que constituem a teoria geral do processo civil individual não podem ser simplesmente transportados para o processo coletivo, a exigência de uma teoria geral para o processo coletivo, com elementos próprios de composição, se impõe.

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Costa, Geovana Specht Vital da. "Dos interesses difusos trabalhistas após a emenda constitucional n.º 45/2004: competência, legitimidade e ação popular trabalhista." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2423.

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Avant solutions à la Cour du travail plus efficace, nous devons reconnaître l’expansion de la compétence de la Cour du travail, plus précisément pour la protection des intérêts diffus, et comme une légitimation des détenteurs de citoyens actifs. Ces intérêts doivent être protégés principalement par l’ation populaire (un véritable instrument de la tutelle d’intérêts diffus) qui est une nouveauté dans les tribunaux du travail. L’action populaire devrait être mis en ceuvre dans le tribunal du travail, surmonter les obstacles liés à leurs désaccords actuels concernant la portée de la compétence de la Cour du Travail, découlant de l’amendement constitutionnel n. 45 de 2004, pour poursuivre et juger une telle action spéciale, et de la culture enracinée dirigé exclusivement pour la solution des conflits individuels ou des catégories économiques ou professionnelles, ce qui a légitimé classiques comme des employés par rapport aux employeurs. fre
Diante de soluções para uma Justiça do Trabalho mais efetiva, é necessário reconhecer a ampliação da Competência da Justiça do Trabalho, mais precisamente para a tutela dos interesses difusos, tendo, como um dos titulares da legitimação ativa, os cidadãos. Tais interesses devem ser tutelados, principalmente, pela via da Ação Popular (um verdadeiro instrumento da Tutela dos Interesses Difusos) que constitui uma novidade nas cortes laborais. A Ação Popular deve ser implementada na Justiça do Trabalho, superando seus atuais obstáculos referentes às divergências relativas à amplitude de competência da Justiça Laboral, advinda com a Emenda Constitucional n. º 45 de 2004, em processar e julgar tal ação especial, e a cultura enraizada voltada exclusivamente para a solução de conflitos individuais ou de categorias econômicas ou profissionais, que tem como legitimados clássicos empregados versus empregadores.

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Noto-Jaffeux, Nelly. "L'indépendance de l'avocat." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES047.

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Quel que soit le sujet et quelle que soit l’époque, l’indépendance de l’avocat est une notion soulevée de façon omniprésente. La multiplicité des occurrences discursives qu’elle suscite invite pourtant à penser qu’elle revêt certainement des sens variés. Cette étude se propose ainsi, non pas simplement de déterminer la fonction et les enjeux que ce principe poursuit, mais aussi de clarifier les raisons pour lesquelles, encore aujourd’hui, les avocats s’identifient individuellement autant qu’ils s’appuient collectivement sur leur indépendance. Interroger l’indépendance de l’avocat dans toutes ses dimensions conduit à identifier un « modèle fonctionnel » : schématiquement, la liberté que suppose la fonction d’avocat est garantie par des instruments contraignants. En contrepartie, l’avocat se soumet aux règles liées à sa profession, le contrôle disciplinaire ordinal permettant de réguler cette liberté.Ces dernières décennies, les transformations ayant affectées la profession d’avocat auxquelles s’ajoute le renforcement des contrôles de l’autorité publique ont pourtant modifié ce modèle. Pour l’avocat, intégrer des logiques économiques a supposé de réduire la portée de son indépendance à une dimension principalement intellectuelle et technique. Dès lors, son indépendance, bien que toujours une composante de son identité professionnelle, apparaît désormais comme un concept à géométrie variable en fonction de paramètres multiples.Cette étude, en identifiant les différents défis auxquels l’indépendance de l’avocat est actuellement exposée, se propose d’analyser l’effectivité de cette indépendance tout en invitant à s’interroger sur l’efficacité du modèle sur lequel elle repose
Whatever the subject and whatever the time, the independence of the lawyer is a notion that is omnipresent. However, the many debates it raises suggests that it obviously has various meanings. The purpose of this study is to determine the function and issues that this principle pursues and to clarify why, even today, lawyers still identify themselves on their independence as they rely on it collectively. Questioning the independence of the lawyer in all its dimensions makes it possible to identify a "working model": schematically, the freedom implied by the lawyer's function is guaranteed by binding instruments. In return, the lawyer submits to the rules related to his profession and the Order controls the lawyer's use of this freedom. However, in recent decades, the transformations of the legal profession and the strengthening of public authority controls have changed this model. For the lawyer, integrating economic logic has meant reducing the scope of his independence to a mainly intellectual and technical dimension. Since then, its independence, although still a component of its professional identity, has now become a concept with variable geometry based on multiple parameters. This study, by identifying the various challenges to which the independence of the lawyer is currently exposed, aims to analyse the effectiveness of this independence while asking us to question the efficiency of the model on which it relies

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Vicentini, Fernanda. "A Lei nº 7.913/89 e a tutela coletiva dos interesses no mercado de valores mobiliários como forma de acesso à justiça." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Estudos Sociais Aplicados. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Negocial, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000181336.

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O escopo da presente pesquisa é a análise de alguns dos principais aspectos da tutela coletiva dos investidores no mercado de capitais, e a garantia do acesso à justiça, como garantia constitucional do cidadão à ordem jurídica justa. Em princípio, o trabalho apresenta a garantia de acesso à justiça como direito fundamental. Antes de adentrar a discussão do ponto nevrálgico, são apresentados e analisados temas fundamentais como a compreensão do instituto da Sociedade anônima, sobre a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários-CVM e a necessidade de fortalecimento do mercado de capitais, através da tutela coletiva de interesses transindividuais, previstos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, em especial a ação coletiva da Lei 7.913/89. Em seguida, são demonstradas algumas das principais discussões acerca da Lei 7.913/89, principalmente no que tange a identificação da adequada hipótese de sua utilização, legitimidade do Ministério Público para propositura da ação, a coisa julgada, a execução da sentença e a utilização do instituto do Fluid Recovery. Por fim, é apresentada a casuística referente à Lei 7.913/89. Tenta-se demonstrar que a Lei é um meio específico para tutela dos diretos coletivos e sua utilização é importante para o fortalecimento do mercado de capitais, pois, é mais um instrumento de garantia de acesso à justiça.
The scope of this research is the analysis of some key aspects of collective protection of investors in the capital market, and ensuring access to justice, as constitutional guarantee of citizens to fair legal system. In principle, the paper presents the guarantee of access to justice as a fundamental right. Before entering the discussion of the critical point, are presented and analyzed key issues such as understanding the institute a corporation, on the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission-CVM and the need to strengthen the capital market through the protection of collective interests transindividual, provided Brazilian legal system, in particular the collective action of Law 7.913/89. They are then demonstrated some of the key discussions of Law 7.913/89, mainly regarding the identification of the appropriate use of his hypothesis, legitimacy of prosecutors for filing the lawsuit, res judicata, the execution of the sentence and the use of the institute of Fluid Recovery. Finally, the sample is shown on the Law 7.913/89. We try to demonstrate that the law is a means specific to protection of collective and direct their use is important for strengthening the capital market, therefore, is more an instrument of ensuring access to justice.

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Lopez, Laëtitia. "L'action en justice des parties prenantes dans le cadre de la Responsabilité Sociale de l'Entreprise." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3052/document.

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L’action en justice intentée en matière de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise révèle certaines limites lorsque les justiciables parties prenantes souhaitent protéger leurs intérêts. Par une juridicisation du droit de la RSE à mi-chemin entre la soft law et la hard law, l’action en justice des parties prenantes pourrait être véritablement efficiente. Dès lors, les mécanismes processuels traditionnels sont insuffisants lorsqu’il s’agit d’agir en justice dans ce domaine. C’est notamment à travers l’intérêt et la qualité à agir en justice des parties prenantes que des aménagements de la procédure civile vont être véritablement nécessaires. Des améliorations supplémentaires telles que l’instauration d’une action de groupe élargie au domaine de la RSE et davantage américanisée permettrait notamment aux parties prenantes d’assurer leur défense grâce à un dispositif nouveau très efficace. De plus et par la voie extrajudiciaire des modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges, les acteurs de la RSE peuvent également décider de porter le différend qui les oppose hors de la connaissance du juge étatique. Ce choix d’action peut être révélateur d’une préférence pour une justice davantage négociée. Ces propositions semblent être indispensables à la mise en œuvre d’une action en justice efficace en matière de RSE. Les parties prenantes pourront alors agir en justice de manière inédite afin de parachever leur protection. Les nécessités juridiques et sociales actuelles semblent ainsi faire évoluer le droit afin que les parties prenantes puissent bénéficier d’une action en justice considérée comme un véritable contre-pouvoir face à l’entreprise
Legal actions brought to court concerning Corporate Social Responsability reveal certain limits when litigants’ stakeholders wish to protect their interests. The Corporate Social Responsability law falls between soft law and hard law. Going through CSR law’s judicalization could really make litigation of stakeholders efficient. Usual processual mechanisms are insufficient once an action has to be brought to court dealing with CSR. The civil procedure will need some changes, specifically relating to legal standing and stakeholder interest. Some added improvement would allow stakeholders to ensure their legal defence thanks to this new and efficient legal device. The setting up of a collective action including a CSR with more resemblance to the American one would represent one such improvement. Moreover, stakeholders can decide to settle the matter out-of-court with an extrajudicial approach, using alternative dispute resolution. This choice could amount to a more negotiated inflection of justice. These proposals seem to be necessary to settle an efficient legal action concerning CSR. In this way stakeholders will be able to litigate in a whole new way in order to consolidate their protection. Current legal and social needs seem to make the law evolve so that stakeholders benefit from a legal action which can be considered as a real countervailing power against a corporation

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Tanús, Paixão Mônica. "Arbitragem : alternativa eficaz de solução dos conflitos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/4509.

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A arbitragem, como meio de composição de conflitos de interesses, sempre foi coeva com os próprios conflitos. Em Roma, referencial obrigatório do direito, o pretor, nas primeiras fases do direito romano (legis actiones e per formulas), remetia as partes à arbitragem. Com a evolução do Estado, a composição dos conflitos passou a ser função exclusivamente sua. A arbitragem foi relegada a um plano secundário e caiu em desuso. A atividade judicial, por sua vez, tem apresentado, em todo o mundo, resultados inferiores à expectativa, levando estudiosos do direito a pensar em alternativas à atividade estatal. Essas alternativas apresentaram bons resultados na experiência nacional e, sobretudo, na estrangeira. Além disso, o Estado vem redefinindo sua intervenção em alguns setores, admitindo a atuação de entes privados, não estatais, com atuação voltada ao interesse público. Apesar de já constar expressamente na legislação processual brasileira, a arbitragem, após algumas tentativas frustradas, foi regulamentada por lei específica (Lei nº 9.307/96). Contudo, ainda não foi totalmente assimilada. Este trabalho se propõe a examinar a arbitragem desde suas origens, cotejá-la com outras formas de composição de conflitos, redefini-la como atividade pública necessária à administração da justiça e, sobretudo, eficiente e eficaz. Como contribuição pessoal, apresentam-se sugestões, tais como o retorno da arbitragem à guisa de suplemento à jurisdição, a arbitragem incidental, nos moldes do direito francês e a inclusão dos árbitros na Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil

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Дисертації з теми "Interests of Justice"

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