Статті в журналах: "Interactive substrates"

1

Repenning, Alex. "Programming Substrates to Create Interactive Learning Environments." Interactive Learning Environments 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 045–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1049482940040102.

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2

Rittmann, B. E. "Microbiological Detoxification of Hazardous Organic Contaminants: The Crucial Role of Substrate Interactions." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (June 1, 1992): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0319.

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Microbiological detoxification of hazardous organic pollutants is highly promising, but its reliable implementation requires a sophisticated understanding of several different substrate types and how they interact. This paper carefully defines the substrate types and explains how their interactions affect the bacteria's electron and energy flows, information flow, and degradative activity. For example, primary substrates, which are essential for growth and maintenance of the bacteria, also interact with degradation of specific hazardous pollutants by being inducers, inhibitors, and direct or indirect cosubstrates. The target contaminants, which often are secondary substrates, also have the interactive roles of self-inhibitor, inhibitor of primary-substrate utilization, inducer, and a part of an aggregate primary substrate.

3

Pomeroy, LR, and WJ Wiebe. "Temperature and substrates as interactive limiting factors for marine heterotrophic bacteria." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 23 (2001): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame023187.

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4

Xu, Luyang, Dawei Zhang, Ying Huang, Shuomang Shi, Hong Pan, and Yi Bao. "Monitoring Epoxy Coated Steel under Combined Mechanical Loads and Corrosion Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 8034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22208034.

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been applied to assess strains, stresses, loads, corrosion, and temperature for structural health monitoring (SHM) of steel infrastructure, such as buildings, bridges, and pipelines. Since a single FBG sensor measures a particular parameter at a local spot, it is challenging to detect different types of anomalies and interactions of anomalies. This paper presents an approach to assess interactive anomalies caused by mechanical loading and corrosion on epoxy coated steel substrates using FBG sensors in real time. Experiments were performed by comparing the monitored center wavelength changes in the conditions with loading only, corrosion only, and simultaneous loading and corrosion. The theoretical and experimental results indicated that there were significant interactive influences between loading and corrosion for steel substrates. Loading accelerated the progress of corrosion for the epoxy coated steel substrate, especially when delamination in the epoxy coating was noticed. Through the real-time monitoring from the FBG sensors, the interactions between the anomalies induced by the loading and corrosion can be quantitatively evaluated through the corrosion depth and the loading contact length. These fundamental understandings of the interactions of different anomalies on steel structures can provide valuable information to engineers for better management of steel structures.

5

Ramirez, Juanma, Gorka Prieto, Anne Olazabal-Herrero, Eva Borràs, Elvira Fernandez-Vigo, Unai Alduntzin, Nerea Osinalde, et al. "A Proteomic Approach for Systematic Mapping of Substrates of Human Deubiquitinating Enzymes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 3, 2021): 4851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094851.

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The human genome contains nearly 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) responsible for removing ubiquitin moieties from a large variety of substrates. Which DUBs are responsible for targeting which substrates remain mostly unknown. Here we implement the bioUb approach to identify DUB substrates in a systematic manner, combining gene silencing and proteomics analyses. Silencing of individual DUB enzymes is used to reduce their ubiquitin deconjugating activity, leading to an increase of the ubiquitination of their substrates, which can then be isolated and identified. We report here quantitative proteomic data of the putative substrates of 5 human DUBs. Furthermore, we have built a novel interactive database of DUB substrates to provide easy access to our data and collect DUB proteome data from other groups as a reference resource in the DUB substrates research field.

6

Marks, Jane Claire, and Rex L. Lowe. "Interactive Effects of Nutrient Availability and Light Levels on the Periphyton Composition of a Large Oligotrophic Lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-144.

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We investigated the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and light on periphyton in a clear oligotrophic lake. Experimental treatments consisted of three levels each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and light in a three-way factorial design. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were manipulated using nutrient-diffusing clay substrates; light levels were manipulated with shade cloth. Periphyton biovolume and cell densities increased significantly with both nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment but were not affected by shading. Phosphorus enrichment increased periphyton accumulation only when nitrogen levels were high, indicating a significant interactive effect between nitrogen and phosphorus. Differences in species composition among treatments were mostly due to changes in the diatoms Nitzschia palea and Rhopalodia gibba. Ambient and phosphorus-enriched substrates were dominated by R. gibba, which contains a nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont, and blue-green algae. Nitrogen enrichment and nitrogen and phosphorus in combination resulted in an assemblage dominated by N. palea. Unshaded and highly shaded substrates were dominated by N. palea and Achnanthes minutissima, but the medium-shade substrates were dominated by R. gibba.

7

Li, Qiongfang, Bo Zhang, Naresh Kasoju, Jinmin Ma, Aidong Yang, Zhanfeng Cui, Hui Wang, and Hua Ye. "Differential and Interactive Effects of Substrate Topography and Chemistry on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Gene Expression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082344.

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Variations in substrate chemistry and the micro-structure were shown to have a significant effect on the biology of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). This occurs when differences in the surface properties indirectly modulate pathways within numerous signaling networks that control cell fate. To understand how the surface features affect hMSC gene expression, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of bone marrow-derived hMSCs cultured on tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCP) and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) based substrates of differing topography (Fl: flat and Fs: fibrous) and chemistry (Pr: pristine and Am: aminated). Whilst 80% of gene expression remained similar for cells cultured on test substrates, the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that surface topography significantly altered gene expression more than surface chemistry. The Fl and Fs topologies introduced opposite directional alternations in gene expression when compared to TCP control. In addition, the effect of chemical treatment interacted with that of topography in a synergistic manner with the Pr samples promoting more DEGs than Am samples in all gene ontology function groups. These findings not only highlight the significance of the culture surface on regulating the overall gene expression profile but also provide novel insights into cell-material interactions that could help further design the next-generation biomaterials to facilitate hMSC applications. At the same time, further studies are required to investigate whether or not the observations noted correlate with subsequent protein expression and functionality of cells.

8

Madritch, Michael D., Lisa M. Jordan, and Richard L. Lindroth. "Interactive effects of condensed tannin and cellulose additions on soil respiration." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 10 (October 2007): 2063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-047.

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Plant polyphenolics are receiving increased attention for their influences on belowground processes. Tannins are of particular interest because of their predominance in natural systems, their wide variation in both quality and quantity, and their protein-binding abilities. Current theory holds that simple phenolics increase microbial activity by acting as carbon substrates, while larger tannins decrease microbial activity by binding with organic nitrogen such as proteins. Here, we present results from a simple microcosm experiment that demonstrates that the influence of condensed tannins on soil respiration depends on the availability of additional carbon substrates. We purified tannins from trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) and crossed three levels of tannin additions with three levels of cellulose additions in laboratory microcosms. Soil respiration was measured over 36 days. In the absence of cellulose, high amounts of condensed tannins increased cumulative soil respiration. In the presence of abundant cellulose, condensed tannins decreased cumulative soil respiration. The positive and negative effects of purified tannins on soil respiration are time dependent, such that initial respiration is likely tannin induced, while later respiration is cellulose induced and tannin limited.

9

Wang, Tong, Liyu Yang, Runyu Shao, Jiangtao Hu, Chunhua Liu, and Dan Yu. "Clonal performance of Scirpus yagara in multiple levels of substrate heterogeneity and submergence." Journal of Plant Ecology 14, no. 5 (March 31, 2021): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab033.

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Abstract Aims Environmental heterogeneity affects the performance of clonal aquatic plants. Few researchers integrated two aspects of heterogeneity into the study of clonal plant ecology. The aims of the present study are to (i) test whether different substrate heterogeneity and submergence exert similar effects on plant performance and (ii) explore the foraging behaviour. Methods In this study, Scirpus yagara was subjected to multiple levels of substrate heterogeneity and submergence. Substrate treatments included one homogeneous substrate and three heterogeneous substrates (two-patch, four-patch and eight-patch). Water level treatments included 0, 10 and 30 cm. Traits including ramet number, generation number, leaf number, bulb number, ramet height, culm length, rhizome length, clonal radius, spacer length, spacer thickness, total biomass, biomass of bulbs and biomass per bulb were measured. Important Findings Deeper water levels significantly reduced variables associated with growth such as ramet number, generation number, leaf number and bulb number, while substrate patchiness induced significant variations in traits such as spacer length and spacer thickness. Significant interactive effects of the two factors were found for ramet number, leaf number and spacer length. Scirpus yagara showed colonization towards the lake sediment patch in two-patch and four-patch substrates, and more structures were placed in the lake sediment patch. Especially for the two-patch substrate, all structures occupied the lake sediment patch. Two-sided intrusion was observed in the eight-patch substrate, which induced an even allocation of structures in different patches. The foraging behaviour was correlated with the patch size.

10

Rossi, María Pía, Jing Xu, Jean Schwarzbauer, and Prabhas V. Moghe. "Plasma-micropatterning of albumin nanoparticles: Substrates for enhanced cell-interactive display of ligands." Biointerphases 5, no. 4 (December 2010): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3507236.

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11

Baum, Christel, Katja Schmid, and Franz Makeschin. "Interactive effects of substrates and ectomycorrhizal colonization on growth of a poplar clone." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 163, no. 2 (April 2000): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2624(200004)163:2<221::aid-jpln221>3.0.co;2-4.

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12

Venter, Andrew M., Vladimir Luzin, O. Philip Oladijo, L. A. Cornish, and Natasha Sacks. "Study of Interactive Stresses in Thin WC-Co Coating of Thick Mild Steel Substrate Using High-Precision Neutron Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 772 (November 2013): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.772.161.

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Investigations of interaction residual stresses between thin WC-Co surface coated layers on thick mild steel substrates have successfully been performed with neutron diffraction. This systematic approach was conducted on the reference grit-blasted substrates and their HVOF coated WC-Co products. Using a sub-millimeter gauge volume, precisely positioned, the stress gradient through the coated and non-coated substrates were determined and used to derive the coating stress condition prevailing in the thin coating by applying the stress balance (Stoney) approach. In addition, the average stress in each 200 μm thick coating was measured directly with very good agreement obtained between the calculated and measured stress values. Investigations were extended to determine the thermal nature of the residual stresses by studying the annealed counterpart samples as well to follow the evolution of the residual stress upon annealing.

13

Hachet, Emilie, Hélène Van Den Berghe, Eric Bayma, Marc R. Block, and Rachel Auzély-Velty. "Design of Biomimetic Cell-Interactive Substrates Using Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties." Biomacromolecules 13, no. 6 (May 17, 2012): 1818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm300324m.

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14

Donnay, Gabriel F., Summer K. Rankin, Monica Lopez-Gonzalez, Patpong Jiradejvong, and Charles J. Limb. "Neural Substrates of Interactive Musical Improvisation: An fMRI Study of ‘Trading Fours’ in Jazz." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2014): e88665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088665.

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15

Hu, Keqi, Hongwei Tu, Jiayi Xie, Zongying Yang, Zihuan Li, Yijing Chen, and Yungang Liu. "Phenylalanine Residues in the Active Site of CYP2E1 Participate in Determining the Binding Orientation and Metabolism-Dependent Genotoxicity of Aromatic Compounds." Toxics 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11060495.

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The composition of amino acids forming the active site of a CYP enzyme is impactful in its substrate selectivity. For CYP2E1, the role of PHE residues in the formation of effective binding orientations for its aromatic substrates remains unclear. In this study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis were performed to reflect the interactions between PHEs in the active site of human CYP2E1 and various aromatic compounds known as its substrates. The results indicated that the orientation of 1-methylpyrene (1-MP) in the active site was highly determined by the presence of PHEs, PHE478 contributing to the binding free energy most significantly. Moreover, by building a random forest model the relationship between each of 19 molecular descriptors of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds (from molecular docking, quantum mechanics, and physicochemical properties) and their human CYP2E1-dependent mutagenicityas established mostly in our lab, was investigated. The presence of PHEs did not appear to significantly modify the electronic or structural feature of each bound ligand (PCB), instead, the flexibility of the conformation of PHEs contributed substantially to the effective binding energy and orientation. It is supposed that PHE residues adjust their own conformation to permit a suitablly shaped cavity for holding the ligand and forming its orientation as favorable for a biochemical reaction. This study has provided some insights into the role of PHEs in guiding the interactive adaptation of the active site of human CYP2E1 for the binding and metabolism of aromatic substrates.

16

Lačnjevac, Uroš, Rastko Vasilić, Ana Dobrota, Slađana Đurđić, Ondřej Tomanec, Radek Zbořil, Shiva Mohajernia, et al. "High-performance hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis using proton-intercalated TiO2 nanotube arrays as interactive supports for Ir nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 43 (2020): 22773–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta07492f.

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Surface-disordered, protonated TiO₂ nanotube array substrates induce spontaneous deposition of metallic Ir nanoparticles and actively promote their electrocatalytic behavior for achieving remarkable hydrogen evolution activity in acidic media.

17

Wijewardene, Lishani, Naicheng Wu, Pau Giménez-Grau, Cecilie Holmboe, Nicola Fohrer, Annette Baattrup-Pedersen, and Tenna Riis. "Epiphyton in Agricultural Streams: Structural Control and Comparison to Epilithon." Water 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233443.

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Stream biofilms play an important role in the structure, functioning, and integrity of agricultural streams. In many lowland streams, macrophyte vegetation is abundant and functions as an important substrate for biofilm (epiphyton) in addition to the gravel and stone substrate for epilithon on the stream bed. We expect that reach-scale habitat conditions in streams (e.g., nutrient availability, hydraulic conditions) affect the epiphyton and epilithon biomass and composition, and that this effect will be substrate-specific (macrophytes and stones). The objectives of our study were (i) to describe concurrent changes in epiphyton and epilithon biomass and composition over a year in agricultural streams, and (ii) to determine the substrate specific reach-scale habitat drivers for the epiphyton and epilithon structure. We monitored epiphyton and epilithon biofilm biomass and composition at three-week intervals and reach-scale environmental conditions daily during a year for two agricultural steams. The results showed that epiphyton and epilithon communities differed in biomass, having high substrate specific biomass in epilithon compared to epiphyton. Epiphyton was mainly composed of diatom and green algae, while cyanobacteria were more important in epilithon, and the diatom species composition varied between the two biofilm types. Epiphyton structural properties were less influenced by reach-scale hydrology and nutrient availability compared to epilithon. The overall explanatory power of the measured environmental variables was low, probably due to micro-scale habitat effects and interactive processes within stream biofilms. Knowledge of biofilm control in agricultural streams is important in order to improve management strategies, and future studies should improve the understanding of micro-scale habitat conditions, interactive relationships within biofilms and between the biofilm and the substrates.

18

Battesti, Marine, Cristian Pasquaretta, Celine Moreno, Serafino Teseo, Dominique Joly, Elizabeth Klensch, Odile Petit, Cedric Sueur, and Frederic Mery. "Ecology of information: social transmission dynamics within groups of non-social insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1801 (February 22, 2015): 20142480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2480.

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While many studies focus on how animals use public information, the dynamics of information spread and maintenance within groups, i.e. the ‘ecology of information’, have received little attention. Here we use fruitflies trained to lay eggs on specific substrates to implement information into groups containing both trained and untrained individuals. We quantify inter-individual interactions and then measure the spread of oviposition preference with behavioural tests. Untrained individuals increase their interactive approaches in the presence of trained individuals, and the oviposition preference transmission is directly proportional to how much trained and untrained individuals interact. Unexpectedly, the preference of trained individuals to their trained oviposition substrate decreases after interactions with untrained individuals, leading to an overall informational loss. This shows that social learning alone is not enough to support informational stability.

19

Lunkenheimer, Erika, Alex Busuito, Kayla M. Brown, Carlomagno Panlilio, and Elizabeth A. Skowron. "The Interpersonal Neurobiology of Child Maltreatment: Parasympathetic Substrates of Interactive Repair in Maltreating and Nonmaltreating Mother–Child Dyads." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518824058.

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Children’s repair of conflict with parents may be particularly challenging in maltreating families, and early, stressful parent–child interactions may contribute to children’s altered neurobiological regulatory systems. To explore neurobiological signatures of repair processes, we examined whether mother and child individual and dyadic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) covaried with interactive repair differently in maltreating versus nonmaltreating mother–preschooler dyads ( N = 101), accounting for whether repair was mother or child initiated. Mother-initiated repair was equally frequent and protective across groups, associated with no change in mother or child RSA at higher levels of repair. But lower levels of mother repair were associated with child RSA withdrawal in nonmaltreating dyads versus child RSA augmentation in maltreating dyads. In maltreating dyads only, higher child-initiated repair was associated with higher mean mother RSA, whereas lower child repair was associated with mother RSA withdrawal. Findings suggest that interactive repair may have a buffering effect on neurobiological regulation but also that maltreating mothers and children show atypical neurobiological response to interpersonal challenges including differences related to children conducting the work of interactive repair that maltreating parents are less able to provide. We conclude by considering the role of maladaptive parent–child relationship processes in the biological embedding of early adversity.

20

Gao, Guorong, Fangjian Yang, Fenghua Zhou, Jiang He, Wei Lu, Peng Xiao, Huizhen Yan, Caofeng Pan, Tao Chen, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Bioinspired Self‐Healing Human–Machine Interactive Touch Pad with Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesiveness on Targeted Substrates." Advanced Materials 32, no. 50 (November 10, 2020): 2004290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202004290.

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21

Chang, Hui-Ming, and Edward T. H. Yeh. "SUMO: From Bench to Bedside." Physiological Reviews 100, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 1599–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00025.2019.

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Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is protein modification pathway that regulates multiple biological processes, including cell division, DNA replication/repair, signal transduction, and cellular metabolism. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, such as cancer, diabetes, seizure, and heart failure, which have been linked to the SUMO pathway. SUMO is conjugated to lysine residues in target proteins through an isopeptide linkage catalyzed by SUMO-specific activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ligating (E3) enzymes. In steady state, the quantity of SUMO-modified substrates is usually a small fraction of unmodified substrates due to the deconjugation activity of the family Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). In contrast to the complexity of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination machinery, the biochemistry of SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation is relatively modest. Specificity of the SUMO pathway is achieved through redox regulation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or other posttranslational protein modification of the SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation enzymes. There are three major SUMOs. SUMO-1 usually modifies a substrate as a monomer; however, SUMO-2/3 can form poly-SUMO chains. The monomeric SUMO-1 or poly-SUMO chains can interact with other proteins through SUMO-interactive motif (SIM). Thus SUMO modification provides a platform to enhance protein-protein interaction. The consequence of SUMOylation includes changes in cellular localization, protein activity, or protein stability. Furthermore, SUMO may join force with ubiquitin to degrade proteins through SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbL). After 20 yr of research, SUMO has been shown to play critical roles in most, if not all, biological pathways. Thus the SUMO enzymes could be targets for drug development to treat human diseases.

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Neophytides, S. G., S. H. Zafeiratos, and M. M. Jaksic. "Novel trends in electrocatalysis: Extended Brewer hypo-hyper-d-interionic bonding theory and selective interactive grafting of composite bifunctional electrocatalysts for simultaneous anodic hydrogen." Chemical Industry 57, no. 9 (2003): 368–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0309368n.

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Novel Trends in Electrocatalysis: Extended Brewer Hypo-Hyper-d-lnterionic Bonding Theory and Selective Interactive Grafting of Composite Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Simultaneous Anodic Hydrogen and CO OxidationThe Extended Brewer Interactive Interionic Bonding Theory (EBIIBT) has been developed to show the equivalence of interatomic and interionic bonding features, and for their mutual combinations, as well as its effect upon electrocatalytic properties for the hydrogen electrode reactions (HELR). The equivalence of interionic hypo-hyper-d-interelectronic interaction in both metallic and any other ionic state and its effect upon electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen electrode reactions (HELR) has been proved and inferred. TG (Thermal Gravimetry) analysis of TPR (Temperature Programmed Reduction) of mixed hypc-hyper-d-electronic oxides of transition elements was broadly employed to prove the EBIIBT effect as reflected in dramatically decreased individual temperatures of their mutual reduction into intermetallic phases. The same interionic Brewer (and/or intermetallic) bonding effect has been confirmed both by UPD of hyper-d-upon hypo-d-electronic substrates and vice versa, and by the shift of bonding peaks in XPS analysis.

23

Wu, Yuliang, Kazuo Shin-ya, and Robert M. Brosh. "FANCJ Helicase Defective in Fanconia Anemia and Breast Cancer Unwinds G-Quadruplex DNA To Defend Genomic Stability." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 12 (April 21, 2008): 4116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.02210-07.

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ABSTRACT FANCJ mutations are associated with breast cancer and genetically linked to the bone marrow disease Fanconi anemia (FA). The genomic instability of FA-J mutant cells suggests that FANCJ helicase functions in the replicational stress response. A putative helicase with sequence similarity to FANCJ in Caenorhabditis elegans (DOG-1) and mouse (RTEL) is required for poly(G) tract maintenance, suggesting its involvement in the resolution of alternate DNA structures that impede replication. Under physiological conditions, guanine-rich sequences spontaneously assemble into four-stranded structures (G quadruplexes [G4]) that influence genomic stability. FANCJ unwound G4 DNA substrates in an ATPase-dependent manner. FANCJ G4 unwinding is specific since another superfamily 2 helicase, RECQ1, failed to unwind all G4 substrates tested under conditions in which the helicase unwound duplex DNA. Replication protein A stimulated FANCJ G4 unwinding, whereas the mismatch repair complex MSH2/MSH6 inhibited this activity. FANCJ-depleted cells treated with the G4-interactive compound telomestatin displayed impaired proliferation and elevated levels of apoptosis and DNA damage compared to small interfering RNA control cells, suggesting that G4 DNA is a physiological substrate of FANCJ. Although the FA pathway has been classically described in terms of interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair, the cellular defects associated with FANCJ mutation extend beyond the reduced ability to repair ICLs and involve other types of DNA structural roadblocks to replication.

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KELLY, Curtis R., John R. SCHULLEK, Wolfram RUF, and Thomas S. EDGINGTON. "Tissue Factor residue Asp44 regulates catalytic function of the bound proteinase Factor VIIa." Biochemical Journal 315, no. 1 (April 1, 1996): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3150145.

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The coagulation pathways are initiated by the cell-surface receptor Tissue Factor (TF), which binds the serine proteinase coagulation Factor VIIa (VIIa), resulting in enhanced catalytic function, both amidolytic, towards small pseudo-substrates, and proteolytic, towards macromolecular substrates. Here we implicate Asp44 in TF as a ligand-interactive residue that, in contrast with previously characterized binding residues, is involved in the enhancement of VIIa catalytic function. Whereas charge neutralization by replacement of Asp44 with Asn did not reduce function of human TF, the exchange by Ala resulted in mutants with 8-fold reduced affinity for binding of VIIa. Enhancement of VIIa amidolytic function by TF Ala44 was reduced by 20–25% relative to wild-type and support of proteolytic function was diminished 6-fold indicating that this cofactor residue is significantly enhancing proteolysis of the macromolecular substrate by VIIa. Replacement of Asp44 by Glu, Thr and Arg exhibited a less severe phenotype with an approx. 4-fold reduced affinity for VIIa and a 2–3-fold diminished activation of Factor X. The improved activity of these mutants as compared with the Ala replacement is consistent with functional importance of an extended side chain at this position. The specific influence of the Asp44 exchange on catalytic function of the TF·VIIa complex indicates fine specificity of the TF ligand interface in mediating receptor and cofactor function.

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Maamri, Sarra, Amrani Moussa, and Moussaoui Yacine. "Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Methane Production from Waste Activated Sludge Co-Digested with Olive Mill Wastewater and Cattle Dung by Response Surface Methodology." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 17, no. 1 (March 26, 2023): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht17.01.141.

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Nowadays, population growth is likely to lead to a wide variety of biomass wastes generation from the diversified human, industrial, and agricultural activities. Anaerobic digestion is mostly applied to manage biomass wastes and mitigate a huge spectrum of environmental damages. This paper aims to enhance the anaerobic digestion efficiency of multicomponent substrates, using a mixture of waste activated sludge (WAS), olive mill wastewater (OMW), and cattle manure (CM). A Response Surface Methodology is employed in experimental design to determine individual and interactive effects on methane yield and chemical oxygen demand reduction. After numerical optimization using Design Expert®, the optimum values of the test factors in actual were as follows: initial pH = 8, COD/N ratio = 47, 42, CM/WAS-OMW ratio = 0.352, TS = 42.94 g/L. The obtained results indicate that anaerobic co-digestion performance could be achieved by optimising substrate composition to assure a larger microbial synergistic effect.

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Rhodes, N., C. N. Morris, S. Ainsworth, and J. Kinderlerer. "The regulatory properties of yeast pyruvate kinase. Effects of NH4+ and K+ concentrations." Biochemical Journal 234, no. 3 (March 15, 1986): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2340705.

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The kinetics of pyruvate kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied at 25 degrees C and pH 6.2 as a function of the concentrations of ADP, phosphoenolpyruvate, Mg2+ and either NH4+ or K+. The data were analysed by the exponential model for four substrates, obtained by extension of the model described by Ainsworth, Kinderlerer & Gregory [(1983) Biochem. J. 209, 401-411]. On that basis, it was concluded that NH4+ binding is almost non-interactive but leads to the appearance of positive interaction in the velocity response to increase in its concentration because of positive interactions with phosphoenolpyruvate and Mg2+. The data obtained with K+ lead to the same conclusions and differ only in suggesting that NH4+ is bound more strongly to the enzyme than is K+. Both data sets are used as the basis for a discussion of the substrate interactions of pyruvate kinase and it appears therefrom that the heterotropic interactions accord with what is known of the events that take place at the active site during catalysis. The paper also reports a determination of the dissociation constants for the NH4+ complexes with ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate and an examination of the simultaneous activation of pyruvate kinase by K+ and NH4+ ions.

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S., Radha, Sridevi A., Prasad Nbl, and Narasimha G. "STATISTICAL AND KINETIC STUDIES OF ACID PROTEASE BY ASPERGILLUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH ABATTOIR WASTE." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i2.23165.

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Objective: Aim of the present investigation was to optimize the acid protease production from Aspergillus spp. through statistical method in solid state fermentation and to study the inhibitory enzyme kinetics.Methods: To fulfill above mentioned aim, seven solid substrates were screened though using PBD (Plackett-Burman Design) and concentrations of three significant were determined by using one of the Response surface methodologies (RSM), Box-Behnken design (BBD). Inhibitory enzymatic effects were carried by using previously developed models.Results: From PBD, wheat bran, soybean meal, and dried potato peel (DPP) were screened as major influencing nutritional factors for enzyme production. Better optimal values were determined by BBD as wheat bran: 8.841 g, soybean meal: 4.557 g, and DPP: 0.661 g with predicted protease activity as 817.83 U/g (±44.047 U/g). Linear, interactive, and quadratic effects of aforesaid substrates on enzyme activity were formulated by quadratic model through multiple regression model (R2Adj:Adjusted R square = 94.78%; R2Pre:Predicted R square = 98.13%). Partial substrate inhibition to crude acid protease activity was notified with casein concentration higher than 0.4 mmol and inhibitory constant, KN, was computed with previous developed mathematical models. Ratio of reaction rate constants, k4/k2, was found to be 0.233 that had confirmed partial casein inhibition to enzyme velocity. Improved activity and kinetics of caseinolysis make amicable for industrial applications.Conclusion: Quick optimization was performed with statistical methodology over conventional approach. Inhibitory enzyme kinetic studies were important for industrial applications of acid protease.

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Shafiq, Muhammad, Josefina Casas-Solís, Cecilia Neri-Luna, Munazza Kiran, Saba Yasin, Diego Raymundo González-Eguiarte, and Alejandro Muñoz-Urias. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as a Plant Growth Stimulant in a Tomato and Onion Intercropping System." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082003.

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Climate change has challenged large-scale crop production at a global level. Global temperature increases, water scarcity, and a further reduction in cultivable land resources due to anthropogenic impacts have resulted in the need to redesign agricultural systems such as intercropping to maximize the efficient use of natural resources. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent an underexplored area, not only in terms of an alternative to the heavy use of chemical fertilizers, but also as a natural resource used to enhance physiological processes and mitigate the variations in biotic and abiotic factors in plants. On the other hand, the combined use of AMF with suitable but cheaper and environmentally friendly growth substrates is another way to maximize crop production. A study was carried out in a tomato and onion intercropped pattern system to analyze the above- and belowground implications of two AMF commercial products containing Rhizophagus irregularis, propagated in soil and with an in vitro technique addition, with two different mixed growth substrates (river sand and compost) under greenhouse conditions. Overall, both AMF products overall showed significant promoting effects on plant growth (15–30%) and root parameters (50%) in the tomato and onion plants on the sand-mixed substrate. Moreover, the soil-propagated AMF also showed significant positive effects on chlorophyll content (35%), photosynthetic activity, and the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients, especially the Fe and Mn contents (60–80%) in the tomato plants. We present evidence of the benefits to plant performance due to the interactive effects between AMF and the growth substrate, and these positive effects might be due to the intercropping system. Hence, soil-propagated Rhizophagus irregularis is represented here as a promising candidate for enhancing growth, sustainability, and productivity under greenhouse conditions.

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Pompliano, David L., Michael D. Schaber, Scott D. Mosser, Charles A. Omer, Jules A. Shafer, and Jackson B. Gibbs. "Isoprenoid diphosphate utilization by recombinant human farnesyl:protein transferase: Interactive binding between substrates and a preferred kinetic pathway." Biochemistry 32, no. 32 (August 1993): 8341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00083a038.

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Calvert, Sheena, Marie Haskell, Françoise Wemelsfelder, Alistair B. Lawrence, and Michael T. Mendl. "The Effect of Substrate-Enriched and Substrate-Impoverished Housing Environments On the Diversity of Behaviour in Pigs." Behaviour 133, no. 9-10 (1996): 741–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00459.

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AbstractIn intensive farming situations, growing animals are housed in relatively barren environments. The lack of opportunity to perform substrate-interactive and manipulative behaviour patterns may affect the expression and organization of these behaviours. However, making direct comparisons of the behaviour expressed in environments of differing physical complexity is difficult. In this experiment a relative diversity index was used to compare the behavioural repertoires of pigs housed in two different environments for a period of five months. One group of pigs (substrate-enriched) had straw, forest bark and branches added to the standard pens and the other group (substrate-impoverished) did not. The pigs were individually housed, and their behaviour was focal sampled in these pens on one day each month. It was shown that the relative diversity of manipulative behaviour shown by the pigs in the substrate-impoverished environment was lower than in the pigs in the substrate-enriched environment (p < 0.05). The relative diversity of the whole behavioural repertoire shown by the pigs in the substrate-impoverished environment also tended to be lower than that in the substrate-enriched environment (p = 0.06). It is concluded that this may be due to a difference between the two groups in motivation to interact with and manipulate objects, or a function of the manipulable quality of the substrates available to them. Alternatively, exposure to substrate-impoverished environments may interfere with the ability to express manipulative behaviour. Both situations pose a threat to the welfare of growing pigs resident in barren environments.

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Kim, A.-Reum, Moon-Jin Jeong, Yong-Soon Ahn, Mi-Na Kim, Sung-Im Kim, and Do-Seon Lim. "The Interactive Effect of These Bacterial Substrates on the Growth of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis." Journal of dental hygiene science 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2015.15.2.209.

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32

Bajar, Somvir, Anita Singh, C. P. Kaushik, and Anubha Kaushik. "Statistical assessment of dumpsite soil suitability to enhance methane bio-oxidation under interactive influence of substrates and temperature." Waste Management 63 (May 2017): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.021.

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Xu, Yadong, Bohan Sun, Yun Ling, Qihui Fei, Zanyu Chen, Xiaopeng Li, Peijun Guo, et al. "Multiscale porous elastomer substrates for multifunctional on-skin electronics with passive-cooling capabilities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917762116.

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In addition to mechanical compliance, achieving the full potential of on-skin electronics needs the introduction of other features. For example, substantial progress has been achieved in creating biodegradable, self-healing, or breathable, on-skin electronics. However, the research of making on-skin electronics with passive-cooling capabilities, which can reduce energy consumption and improve user comfort, is still rare. Herein, we report the development of multifunctional on-skin electronics, which can passively cool human bodies without needing any energy consumption. This property is inherited from multiscale porous polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) supporting substrates. The multiscale pores of SEBS substrates, with characteristic sizes ranging from around 0.2 to 7 µm, can effectively backscatter sunlight to minimize heat absorption but are too small to reflect human-body midinfrared radiation to retain heat dissipation, thereby delivering around 6 °C cooling effects under a solar intensity of 840 W⋅m−2. Other desired properties, rooted in multiscale porous SEBS substrates, include high breathability and outstanding waterproofing. The proof-of-concept bioelectronic devices include electrophysiological sensors, temperature sensors, hydration sensors, pressure sensors, and electrical stimulators, which are made via spray printing of silver nanowires on multiscale porous SEBS substrates. The devices show comparable electrical performances with conventional, rigid, nonporous ones. Also, their applications in cuffless blood pressure measurement, interactive virtual reality, and human–machine interface are demonstrated. Notably, the enabled on-skin devices are dissolvable in several organic solvents and can be recycled to reduce electronic waste and manufacturing cost. Such on-skin electronics can serve as the basis for future multifunctional smart textiles with passive-cooling functionalities.

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Joseph, Jane E., Ann D. Gathers, and Ramesh S. Bhatt. "Progressive and regressive developmental changes in neural substrates for face processing: testing specific predictions of the Interactive Specialization account." Developmental Science 14, no. 2 (February 18, 2011): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00963.x.

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35

Bolduc, David M., Daniel R. Montagna, Yongli Gu, Dennis J. Selkoe та Michael S. Wolfe. "Nicastrin functions to sterically hinder γ-secretase–substrate interactions driven by substrate transmembrane domain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, № 5 (22 грудня 2015): E509—E518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512952113.

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γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease that processes many type-I integral membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer, an event preceded by shedding of most of the substrate’s ectodomain by α- or β-secretases. The mechanism by which γ-secretase selectively recognizes and recruits ectodomain-shed substrates for catalysis remains unclear. In contrast to previous reports that substrate is actively recruited for catalysis when its remaining short ectodomain interacts with the nicastrin component of γ-secretase, we find that substrate ectodomain is entirely dispensable for cleavage. Instead, γ-secretase–substrate binding is driven by an apparent tight-binding interaction derived from substrate transmembrane domain, a mechanism in stark contrast to rhomboid—another family of intramembrane-cleaving proteases. Disruption of the nicastrin fold allows for more efficient cleavage of substrates retaining longer ectodomains, indicating that nicastrin actively excludes larger substrates through steric hindrance, thus serving as a molecular gatekeeper for substrate binding and catalysis.

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Kinderlerer, J., S. Ainsworth, C. N. Morris, and N. Rhodes. "The regulatory properties of yeast pyruvate kinase. Effect of pH." Biochemical Journal 234, no. 3 (March 15, 1986): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2340699.

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The kinetics of pyruvate kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied at 25 degrees C as a function of the concentrations of the substrates ADP, phosphoenolpyruvate and Mg2+ and the effector H+ in the pH range 5-6.6. The enzyme was activated by 100 mM-K+ and 32 mM-NH4+ throughout. It was found that the data could be described by the exponential model for a regulatory enzyme. On that basis, it was concluded that the binding of H+ is positively interactive and that the protonated enzyme is catalytically inactive. It was also found that H+ interacts positively with phosphoenolpyruvate but negatively with both ADP and Mg2+.

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Holmes, Niall, Molly Rea, Ryan M. Hill, Elena Boto, James Leggett, Lucy J. Edwards, Natalie Rhodes, et al. "Naturalistic Hyperscanning with Wearable Magnetoencephalography." Sensors 23, no. 12 (June 9, 2023): 5454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125454.

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The evolution of human cognitive function is reliant on complex social interactions which form the behavioural foundation of who we are. These social capacities are subject to dramatic change in disease and injury; yet their supporting neural substrates remain poorly understood. Hyperscanning employs functional neuroimaging to simultaneously assess brain activity in two individuals and offers the best means to understand the neural basis of social interaction. However, present technologies are limited, either by poor performance (low spatial/temporal precision) or an unnatural scanning environment (claustrophobic scanners, with interactions via video). Here, we describe hyperscanning using wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) based on optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs). We demonstrate our approach by simultaneously measuring brain activity in two subjects undertaking two separate tasks—an interactive touching task and a ball game. Despite large and unpredictable subject motion, sensorimotor brain activity was delineated clearly, and the correlation of the envelope of neuronal oscillations between the two subjects was demonstrated. Our results show that unlike existing modalities, OPM-MEG combines high-fidelity data acquisition and a naturalistic setting and thus presents significant potential to investigate neural correlates of social interaction.

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Menè, P., G. A. Cinotti, and F. Pugliese. "Signal transduction in mesangial cells." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 10 (April 1992): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v210s100.

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Phenotype, growth, and functional characteristics of glomerular mesangial "myofibroblasts" are under the control of multiple hormones, vasoactive agents, autacoids, and cytokines. Several parallel signal transduction pathways couple receptor occupancy with functional changes, including phospholipases C, A2, and D breakdown of membrane phospholipids, and adenylate/guanylate cyclase activation. Changes of cytosolic ion concentrations, cyclic nucleotide accumulation, and eicosanoid biosynthesis are currently interpreted as intracellular signals for protein kinase activation. Phosphorylation of multiple substrates by serine/threonine kinases C, A, and G or by tyrosine kinases directly coupled to receptors, is a final step in cell activation. Cross-talk between signal transduction pathways, along with the release of eicosanoids and cytokines acting as intercellular mediators, provides the potential for interactive regulation of glomerular cell functions.

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Kim, Sun C., Misun Kim, and Norman F. Olson. "Interactive effect of H2S production from cysteine and methanethiol production from methionine in milk-fat-coated microcapsules containing Brevibacterium linens." Journal of Dairy Research 57, no. 4 (November 1990): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900029629.

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SummaryThe interactive effect of two of the major Cheddar cheese flavour compounds, H2S and methanethiol, was studied in milk-fat-coated microcapsules containing Brevibacterium linens, cysteine and methionine. Two substrates, cysteine and methionine, were either co-encapsulated with B. linens or encapsulated separately with B. linens and mixed together. The production of H2S from cysteine in microcapsules was slightly reduced by the methanethiol produced from methionine. However, the presence of H2S stabilized methanethiol produced from methionine in milk-fat-coated microcapsules and subsequently increased the level of methanethiol. Without H2S, the methanethiol in milk-fat-coated microcapsules disappeared rapidly after 48 h. By making separate microcapsules at each optimum environment and mixing together, the cells could operate in the protected and ideal environment of the microcapsules to form products that diffused out and acted as reactants with products from other microcapsules.

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Ghosh, Sanchita, Pragnyashree Mishra, and V. K. Rao. "Studies on interactive effect of growing substrates and growth regulators on stem cuttings of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) cv. ‘Ranisahiba’." Research on Crops 18, no. 1 (2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2017.00018.3.

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41

Jabaiah, Abeer M., Jennifer A. Getz, Witold A. Witkowski, Jeanne A. Hardy, and Patrick S. Daugherty. "Identifi cation of protease exosite-interacting peptides that enhance substrate cleavage kinetics." Biological Chemistry 393, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0162.

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Abstract Many peptidases are thought to require non-active site interaction surfaces, or exosites, to recognize and cleave physiological substrates with high specifi city and catalytic effi ciency. However, the existence and function of protease exosites remain obscure owing to a lack of effective methods to identify and characterize exosite-interacting substrates. To address this need, we modifi ed the cellular libraries of peptide substrates (CLiPS) methodology to enable the discovery of exosite-interacting peptide ligands. Invariant cleavage motifs recognized by the active sites of thrombin and caspase-7 were displayed on the outer surface of bacteria adjacent to a candidate exosite-interacting peptide. Exosite peptide libraries were then screened for ligands that accelerate cleavage of the active site recognition motif using two-color fl ow cytometry. Exosite CLiPS (eCLiPS) identifi ed exosite-binding peptides for thrombin that were highly similar to a critical exosite interaction motif in the thrombin substrate, proteaseactivated receptor 1. Protease activity probes incorporating exosite-binding peptides were cleaved ten-fold faster than substrates without exosite ligands, increasing their sensitivity to thrombin activity in vitro. For comparison, screening with caspase-7 yielded peptides that modestly enhanced (two-fold) substrate cleavage rates. The eCLiPS method provides a new tool to profi le the ligand specifi city of protease exosites and to develop improved substrates.

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Yakubailik, Oleg, Alexey Kadochnikov, and Alexey Tokarev. "Software for data visualization in the system of real-time satellite monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 75 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197503004.

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Methods for creating multi-layered mapping representation for the real-time satellite monitoring systems, based on web-GIS technologies, are considered. The generated map can contain a set of raster and vector thematic layers of spatial data, additional information layers of images from below (a basic map - a substrate) and from above (a layer of labels) of user’s thematic data. The client software provides interactivity of the created maps in a standard web browser. The configuration of the data presentation provides the ability to select spatial data format according to the client (vector or raster), control various display options (interactive legend, list of fields displayed in attribute tables). It also provides application of custom templates to display table information on layer objects, arrangement of data access rights - from opportunities to visualize a layer or map through a web browser to providing direct access to them through standard mapping WMS/WFS web services, web-based editing, or shape-file downloads. An integral part of thematic web maps, based on the geo-portal, is a customized rasterization and data caching service that provides a noticeable performance increase for "heavy" multi-layer maps. A set of mapping substrates, such as schematic maps, satellite images mosaics, digital terrain models, spatial data of outside web services are a good addition to maps on geoportal.

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Walker, Edward D., Richard W. Merritt, Michael G. Kaufman, Matthew P. Ayres, and Mark H. Riedel. "Effects of variation in quality of leaf detritus on growth of the eastern tree-hole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 706–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-091.

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Growth of larvae of the eastern tree-hole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus (Say), measured as survival to adulthood, development time, and body mass at adult emergence, was significantly better when larvae were provided with fresh rather than senescent beech leaves as food substrate. Leaf type affected larval growth performance independently of ration of leaf available per larva when the ration level was high and larvae were not densely crowded, but leaf type and ration level had interactive effects on larval growth performance when ration was more limiting and larvae denser. Fresh leaves contained about twice as much nitrogen, had a lower carbon:nitrogen ratio, leached more mass into water, and contained significantly more soluble protein and carbohydrate than did senescent leaves. Thus, the observed growth responses could be explained on the basis of variation in nutrient content of, and greater leaching from, the fresh leaves. Larval growth was also significantly better on intact senescent beech leaves than on leaves that had been leached to remove soluble protein and carbohydrate; it was also significantly better on leaves whose surfaces had flourishing bacterial growth than on leaves with disinfected surfaces. Growth of female larvae fit well a pupation window model where larvae attained a minimum mass to emergence past a minimum development time across a range of leaf substrates varying in quality and quantity.

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Rudayni, Hassan Ahmed, Malak Aladwani, Lina M. Alneghery, Ahmed A. Allam, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, and Stefano Bellucci. "Insight into the Potential Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Scrolled Kaolinite Single Sheet (KNs) and Its Composite with ZnO Nanoparticles: Synergetic Studies." Minerals 13, no. 4 (April 18, 2023): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13040567.

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The kaolinite sheets were scrolled by sonication-induced chemical delamination processes into well-developed nanotubes (KNs) which were used as substrates for microwave-based ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO/KNs). The biological activities of synthetic ZnO/KNs structures, in terms of the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, were assessed in comparative studies with the separated phases of the synthetic ZnO and KNs as well as the commercially used ZnO. The KNs substrate resulted in a notable enhancement in the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of ZnO, which was assigned positive influence on the surface area, interactive interfaces, charge separation, and agglomeration properties of ZnO in addition to the detectable bioactive properties of the KNs structure. The ZnO/KNs structure achieved remarkable scavenging efficiencies for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) (89.8 ± 1.57%), nitric oxide (90.6 ± 1.63%), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) (86.8 ± 1.28%), and superoxide (43.9 ± 1.72%) radicals. Additionally, it shows high inhibition effects on porcine α-amylase (84.3 ± 1.92%), crude α-amylase (70.6 ± 1.37%), pancreatic α-Glucosidase (94.7 ± 1.54%), crude α-Glucosidase (95.4 ± 1.64%), and amyloglucosidase (95.3 ± 1.32%) enzymes. This antidiabetic activity is significantly higher than the activity of miglitol and close to or slightly higher than acarbose, which leads us to recommend the use of ZnO/KNs when considering the cost and side effects of the commercially used drugs.

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Balestri, Francesco, Giulio Poli, Carlotta Pineschi, Roberta Moschini, Mario Cappiello, Umberto Mura, Tiziano Tuccinardi, and Antonella Del Corso. "Aldose Reductase Differential Inhibitors in Green Tea." Biomolecules 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071003.

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Aldose reductase (AKR1B1), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is likely involved in the onset of diabetic complications. Differential inhibition of AKR1B1 has been proposed to counteract the damaging effects linked to the activity of the enzyme while preserving its detoxifying ability. Here, we show that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the most representative catechins present in green tea, acts as a differential inhibitor of human recombinant AKR1B1. A kinetic analysis of EGCG, and of its components, gallic acid (GA) and epigallocatechin (EGC) as inhibitors of the reduction of L-idose, 4-hydroxy2,3-nonenal (HNE), and 3-glutathionyl l-4-dihydroxynonanal (GSHNE) revealed for the compounds a different model of inhibition toward the different substrates. While EGCG preferentially inhibited L-idose and GSHNE reduction with respect to HNE, gallic acid, which was still active in inhibiting the reduction of the sugar, was less active in inhibiting HNE and GSHNE reduction. EGC was found to be less efficient as an inhibitor of AKR1B1 and devoid of any differential inhibitory action. A computational study defined different interactive modes for the three substrates on the AKR1B1 active site and suggested a rationale for the observed differential inhibition. A chromatographic fractionation of an alcoholic green tea extract revealed that, besides EGCG and GA, other components may exhibit the differential inhibition of AKR1B1.

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Ayyappan, Vinay, Ricky Wat, Calvin Barber, Christina A. Vivelo, Kathryn Gauch, Pat Visanpattanasin, Garth Cook, Christos Sazeides, and Anthony K. L. Leung. "ADPriboDB 2.0: an updated database of ADP-ribosylated proteins." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (November 2, 2020): D261—D265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa941.

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Abstract ADP-ribosylation is a protein modification responsible for biological processes such as DNA repair, RNA regulation, cell cycle and biomolecular condensate formation. Dysregulation of ADP-ribosylation is implicated in cancer, neurodegeneration and viral infection. We developed ADPriboDB (adpribodb.leunglab.org) to facilitate studies in uncovering insights into the mechanisms and biological significance of ADP-ribosylation. ADPriboDB 2.0 serves as a one-stop repository comprising 48 346 entries and 9097 ADP-ribosylated proteins, of which 6708 were newly identified since the original database release. In this updated version, we provide information regarding the sites of ADP-ribosylation in 32 946 entries. The wealth of information allows us to interrogate existing databases or newly available data. For example, we found that ADP-ribosylated substrates are significantly associated with the recently identified human protein interaction networks associated with SARS-CoV-2, which encodes a conserved protein domain called macrodomain that binds and removes ADP-ribosylation. In addition, we create a new interactive tool to visualize the local context of ADP-ribosylation, such as structural and functional features as well as other post-translational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitination). This information provides opportunities to explore the biology of ADP-ribosylation and generate new hypotheses for experimental testing.

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Yang, Fan, Chao Chen, Derang Ni, Yubo Yang, Jinhu Tian, Yuanyi Li, Shiguo Chen, Xingqian Ye, and Li Wang. "Effects of Fermentation on Bioactivity and the Composition of Polyphenols Contained in Polyphenol-Rich Foods: A Review." Foods 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2023): 3315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12173315.

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Polyphenols, as common components with various functional activities in plants, have become a research hotspot. However, researchers have found that the bioavailability and bioactivity of plant polyphenols is generally low because they are usually in the form of tannins, anthocyanins and glycosides. Polyphenol-rich fermented foods (PFFs) are reported to have better bioavailability and bioactivity than polyphenol-rich foods, because polyphenols are used as substrates during food fermentation and are hydrolyzed into smaller phenolic compounds (such as quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, ellagic acid, etc.) with higher bioactivity and bioavailability by polyphenol-associated enzymes (PAEs, e.g., tannases, esterases, phenolic acid decarboxylases and glycosidases). Biotransformation pathways of different polyphenols by PAEs secreted by different microorganisms are different. Meanwhile, polyphenols could also promote the growth of beneficial bacteria during the fermentation process while inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, during the fermentation of PFFs, there must be an interactive relationship between polyphenols and microorganisms. The present study is an integration and analysis of the interaction mechanism between PFFs and microorganisms and is systematically elaborated. The present study will provide some new insights to explore the bioavailability and bioactivity of polyphenol-rich foods and greater exploitation of the availability of functional components (such as polyphenols) in plant-derived foods.

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Tarasov, Nikita Igorevich, Viktoriia Olegovna Podryga, Sergey Vladimirovich Polyakov, and Alexey Valerievich Timakov. "Digital Platform for Supercomputer Mathematical Modeling of Spraying Processes." Russian Digital Libraries Journal 25, no. 6 (January 20, 2023): 697–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/1562-5419-2022-25-6-697-721.

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The work presents a digital platform for supercomputer modeling the problems of spraying the particles on substrates. The purpose of this work is to discuss the general architecture, technology stack and implementation features of the platform's user interface. The platform is based on web technologies for access and management of calculations, which allow implementing a user system for conducting a full cycle of a computational experiment, including the configuration of applied applications, their launch on remote computing resources, monitoring the completion of tasks, analysis and interactive visualization of results. User interaction with computing resources is implemented through the graphical interface that does not require the client computer to have any additional software, except actual version of a modern web browser. An important advantage of the platform is the ability to make large-scale computer research in a multi-user mode that is based on the natural principles of building client-server applications. The presented digital web platform was successfully tested on computing clusters of the KIAM RAS in solving a number of the topical mathematical problems of nanotechnology. Also, with its help, for the last 3 years, group training of MIPT students in modern information technologies has been carried out.

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Krishnamoorthy, Akshaya Lakshmi, Alex A. Lemus, Adline Princy Solomon, Alex M. Valm, and Prasanna Neelakantan. "Interactions between Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in an Organotypic Oral Epithelial Model." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111771.

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Candida albicans as an opportunistic pathogen exploits the host immune system and causes a variety of life-threatening infections. The polymorphic nature of this fungus gives it tremendous advantage to breach mucosal barriers and cause oral and disseminated infections. Similar to C. albicans, Enterococcus faecalis is a major opportunistic pathogen, which is of critical concern in immunocompromised patients. There is increasing evidence that E. faecalis co-exists with C. albicans in the human body in disease samples. While the interactive profiles between these two organisms have been studied on abiotic substrates and mouse models, studies on their interactions on human oral mucosal surfaces are non-existent. Here, for the first time, we comprehensively characterized the interactive profiles between laboratory and clinical isolates of C. albicans (SC5314 and BF1) and E. faecalis (OG1RF and P52S) on an organotypic oral mucosal model. Our results demonstrated that the dual species biofilms resulted in profound surface erosion and significantly increased microbial invasion into mucosal compartments, compared to either species alone. Notably, several genes of C. albicans involved in tissue adhesion, hyphal formation, fungal invasion, and biofilm formation were significantly upregulated in the presence of E. faecalis. By contrast, E. faecalis genes involved in quorum sensing, biofilm formation, virulence, and mammalian cell invasion were downregulated. This study highlights the synergistic cross-kingdom interactions between E. faecalis and C. albicans in mucosal tissue invasion.

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Polverino, Gianmarco, Francesca Russo, and Francesco D’Andrea. "Bioactive Dressing: A New Algorithm in Wound Healing." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2024): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092488.

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Wound management presents a significant global challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of wound care products and clinical expertise in selecting dressings. Bioactive dressings (BD) represent a diverse category of dressings, capable of influencing wound healing through various mechanisms. These dressings, including honey, hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginates, and polymers enriched with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chitin, and chitosan derivatives, create a conducive environment for healing, promoting moisture balance, pH regulation, oxygen permeability, and fluid management. Interactive dressings further enhance targeted action by serving as substrates for bioactive agents. The continuous evolution of BDs, with new products introduced annually, underscores the need for updated knowledge in wound care. To facilitate dressing selection, a practical algorithm considers wound exudate, infection probability, and bleeding, guiding clinicians through the process. This algorithm aims to optimize wound care by ensuring the appropriate selection of BDs tailored to individual patient needs, ultimately improving outcomes in wound management.

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