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Guarnieri, Pietro. "Interactive intentionality and norm formation." Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe paper aims at complementing Searle's social ontology with an epistemology capable of illustrating institution formation. To this purpose, I discuss Searle's conception of constitutive rules and show that it requires the specifications of normative powers and purposes identifying status functions to be taken as given. However, such specifications arise from underlying normative commitments that may be various and possibly conflicting. Hence, in order to account for the formation of institutions, it is necessary to understand how status function declarations may emerge from alternative normative commitments. I make the hypothesis of “interactive intentionality,” as an interactive and deliberative mode of practical reasoning, to describe the processes of convergence on definite constitutive rules. These processes show how interactive intentionality may frame both commitment and enforcement, thus providing some insights to make rule-based and equilibrium-based accounts of institutions epistemologically commensurable.
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Diószegi, Bálint, Anne L. J. Ter Wal, Valentina Tartari, Stefano Brusoni, and Daniella Laureiro Martinez. "Agency and intentionality in networking: An interactive experiment." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 12904. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.12904abstract.
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Feldman, Ruth, Linda C. Mayes, and James E. Swain. "Interaction synchrony and neural circuits contribute to shared intentionality." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 5 (October 2005): 697–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0529012x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the dyadic and triadic sharing of emotions, intentions, and behaviors in families, interactive synchrony is important to the early life experiences that contribute to the development of cultural cognition. This synchrony likely depends on neurobiological circuits, currently under study with brain imaging, that involve attention, stress response, and memory.
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De Cristofaro, Valeria, and Mauro Giacomantonio. "Punitive Reactions to Tax Evasion in Italy." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 230, no. 2 (April 2022): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The present research investigates whether and how intentionality of (i.e., a retribution-related factor) and the difficulty to detect (i.e., a utilitarianism-related factor) tax evasion may influence people’s punitive reactions depending on individual differences in economic system justification. Results of a moderation analysis revealed (a) a positive effect of intentionality, but not difficult to detect, on punitiveness; (b) a negative effect of economic system justification on punitiveness; (c) an interactive effect between intentionality and economic system justification, suggesting that intentionality predicts punitive reactions towards tax evaders only when economic system justification is low. These results qualify the notion that people are more concerned about retribution than about utilitarianism, thereby providing support for the intuitive retributivism hypothesis. Also, they suggest that economic system justification plays a role in demotivating punishment toward tax evaders, especially in conjunction with retribution.
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McClung, Jennifer Susan, Sarah Placì, Adrian Bangerter, Fabrice Clément, and Redouan Bshary. "The language of cooperation: shared intentionality drives variation in helping as a function of group membership." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1863 (September 20, 2017): 20171682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While we know that the degree to which humans are able to cooperate is unrivalled by other species, the variation humans actually display in their cooperative behaviour has yet to be fully explained. This may be because research based on experimental game-theoretical studies neglects fundamental aspects of human sociality and psychology, namely social interaction and language. Using a new optimal foraging game loosely modelled on the prisoner's dilemma, the egg hunt, we categorized players as either in-group or out-group to each other and studied their spontaneous language usage while they made interactive, potentially cooperative decisions. Both shared group membership and the possibility to talk led to increased cooperation and overall success in the hunt. Notably, analysis of players' conversations showed that in-group members engaged more in shared intentionality, the human ability to both mentally represent and then adopt another's goal, whereas out-group members discussed individual goals more. Females also helped more and displayed more shared intentionality in discussions than males. Crucially, we show that shared intentionality was the mechanism driving the increase in helping between in-group players over out-group players at a cost to themselves. By studying spontaneous language during social interactions and isolating shared intentionality as the mechanism underlying successful cooperation, the current results point to a probable psychological source of the variation in cooperation humans display.
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Shirvani, Alireza, Rachelyn Farrell, and Stephen Ware. "Combining Intentionality and Belief: Revisiting Believable Character Plans." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 14, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v14i1.13037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we present two studies supporting a plan-based model of narrative generation that reasons about both intentionality and belief. First we compare the believability of agent plans taken from the spaces of valid classical plans, intentional plans, and belief plans. We show that the plans that make the most sense to humans are those in the overlapping regions of the intentionality and belief spaces. Second, we validate the model’s approach to representing anticipation, where characters form plans that involve actions they expect other characters to take. Using a short interactive scenario we demonstrate that players not only find it believable when NPCs anticipate their actions, but sometimes actively anticipate the actions of NPCs in a way that is consistent with the model.
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Ware, Stephen G., and R. Michael Young. "Intentionality and Conflict in The Best Laid Plans Interactive Narrative Virtual Environment." IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games 8, no. 4 (December 2016): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2015.2489159.
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Shilton, Dor. "Sweet Participation: The Evolution of Music as an Interactive Technology." Music & Science 5 (January 2022): 205920432210847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20592043221084710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theories of music evolution rely on our understanding of what music is. Here, I argue that music is best conceptualized as an interactive technology, and propose a coevolutionary framework for its emergence. I present two basic models of attachment formation through behavioral alignment applicable to all forms of affiliative interaction and argue that the most critical distinguishing feature of music is entrained temporal coordination. Music's unique interactive strategy invites active participation and allows interactions to last longer, include more participants, and unify emotional states more effectively. Regarding its evolution, I propose that music, like language, evolved in a process of collective invention followed by genetic accommodation. I provide an outline of the initial evolutionary process which led to the emergence of music, centered on four key features: technology, shared intentionality, extended kinship, and multilevel society. Implications of this framework on music evolution, psychology, cross-species and cross-cultural research are discussed.
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陳韻如, 陳韻如. "新媒體藝術互動裝置之結構分析". 藝術評論 42, № 42 (січень 2022): 001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/101562402022010042001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>本研究以唐．伊德（Don Ihde）科技現象學的「人－科技」關係理論作為方法論，並且擴及相關現象學和詮釋學理論觀點來形成研究脈絡，以「知覺」與「身體活動」的觀點，探析「人－科技」關係現象學的四種關係，發現參與者（人）通過與互動裝置作品（科技）之間的各種感官體驗結構，是從知覺身體活動的意向性（intentionality）、經驗性與動態情境空間（世界）位置中不同知覺經驗的四種動態關係而來。</p> <p> 在此脈絡下，進一步分析歸納出新媒體互動裝置的四種人機動態結構：「動態被動結構」、「動態互動結構」、「動態交互結構」與「動態智能結構」，提出此四種人機動態結構的必要性，同時以國內外新媒體藝術互動裝置作品為例證，分析作品中所具有的新媒體互動裝置的人機動態結構，提供新媒體藝術創作者以科技現象學觀點，構思互動裝置中的互動程序和動態系統創作架構的可能性之觀點與思想，此為研究之主要貢獻。</p> <p> </p><p>This study relies on uses the Human - Technology Relations Theory of Don Ihde’s Phenomenology of Technology as the for its methodology, and expanded to borrows from the related concepts of Phenomenology and Hermeneutics Theory to formulate its research context. Moreover, four types of phenomenology of human - technology relations were are explored, based on the idea of perception and bodily activity,. The study found that the sensory experience structures of the interactions between participants (human) with various interactive installation works (technology) came from four dynamic relationships of different awareness experience in the intentionality, empirical, and dynamic context space (or world) of bodily activity awareness.</p> <p> Within this context, further analysis summarizes the four human - computer dynamic structures of new media interactive installations, including: Dynamic Passive Structure, Dynamic Interactive Structure, Dynamic Interactive Crossing Structure and Dynamic Intelligence Structure. By analyzing the creativity and discourse of new media art, this thesis proposes the necessity of these four types of human - computer dynamic structures. In addition, based on the examples of domestic and international interactive installations, this study performed analyses on the human - computer dynamic structures of new media interactive installations. The purpose, which is also and one of the main contributions of this thesis paper, is to provide the perspective and contemplation of new media artists with new possibilities when envisioning an interactive installation, including its interactive procedures and dynamic system creative structures.</p> <p> </p>
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Johnston, Peter H., and Peter N. Winograd. "Passive Failure in Reading." Journal of Reading Behavior 17, no. 4 (December 1985): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862968509547546.
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This paper examines the notion that many of the problems evidenced by poor readers are related to their passive response to the interactive task of reading. An integrative review of research in metacognition, attribution theory, and other related fields supports this notion by emphasizing the roles that appropriate goal-directed intentionality and active participation play in effective reading. Implications for reading instruction are examined and areas in need of research are identified.
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Undeger, Irem, Renée M. Visser, and Andreas Olsson. "Neural Pattern Similarity Unveils the Integration of Social Information and Aversive Learning." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 10 (June 4, 2020): 5410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa122.
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Abstract Attributing intentions to others’ actions is important for learning to avoid their potentially harmful consequences. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging multivariate pattern analysis to investigate how the brain integrates information about others’ intentions with the aversive outcome of their actions. In an interactive aversive learning task, participants (n = 33) were scanned while watching two alleged coparticipants (confederates)—one making choices intentionally and the other unintentionally—leading to aversive (a mild shock) or safe (no shock) outcomes to the participant. We assessed the trial-by-trial changes in participants’ neural activation patterns related to observing the coparticipants and experiencing the outcome of their choices. Participants reported a higher number of shocks, more discomfort, and more anger to shocks given by the intentional player. Intentionality enhanced responses to aversive actions in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and the anterior superior temporal sulcus. Our findings indicate that neural pattern similarities index the integration of social and threat information across the cortex.
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FAVIER, PIERRE-ALEXANDRE, and PIERRE DE LOOR. "FROM DECISION TO ACTION: INTENTIONALITY, A GUIDE FOR THE SPECIFICATION OF INTELLIGENT AGENT'S BEHAVIOR." International Journal of Image and Graphics 06, no. 01 (January 2006): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467806002100.
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This article introduces a reflection about behavioral specification for interactive and participative agent-based simulation in virtual reality. Within this context, it is necessary to reach a high level of expressiveness in order to enforce interactions between the designer and the behavioral model during the in-line prototyping. It is required to consider the needs of semantic very early in the design process. The intentional agent model is exposed here as a possible answer. It relies on a mixed imperative and declarative approach which focuses on the link between decision and action. The design of a tool able to simulate virtual environment implying agents based on this model is discussed.
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Farrell, Rachelyn, and Stephen Ware. "Influencing User Choices in Interactive Narratives Using Indexter’s Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v13i1.12933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indexter is a plan-based model of narrative that incorporates cognitive scientific theories about the salience — or prominence in memory — of narrative events. A pair of Indexter events can share up to five indices with one another: protagonist, time, space, causality, and intentionality. The pairwise event salience hypothesis states that a past event is more salient if it shares one or more of these indices with the most recently narrated event. In a previous study we used this model to predict users’ choices in an interactive story based on the indices of prior events. We now show that we can use the same method to influence them to make certain choices. In this study, participants read an interactive story with two possible endings. We influenced them to choose a particular ending by manipulating the salience of story events. We showed that users significantly favored the targeted ending.
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Pike, William A., John Stasko, Remco Chang, and Theresa A. O'Connell. "The Science of Interaction." Information Visualization 8, no. 4 (January 2009): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ivs.2009.22.
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There is a growing recognition within the visual analytics community that interaction and inquiry are inextricable. It is through the interactive manipulation of a visual interface–the analytic discourse–that knowledge is constructed, tested, refined and shared. This article reflects on the interaction challenges raised in the visual analytics research and development agenda and further explores the relationship between interaction and cognition. It identifies recent exemplars of visual analytics research that have made substantive progress toward the goals of a true science of interaction, which must include theories and testable premises about the most appropriate mechanisms for human–information interaction. Seven areas for further work are highlighted as those among the highest priorities for the next 5 years of visual analytics research: ubiquitous, embodied interaction; capturing user intentionality; knowledge-based interfaces; collaboration; principles of design and perception; interoperability; and interaction evaluation. Ultimately, the goal of a science of interaction is to support the visual analytics and human–computer interaction communities through the recognition and implementation of best practices in the representation and manipulation of visual displays.
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Mawhorter, Peter. "Reader-Model-Based Story Generation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 9, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v9i6.12606.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several existing systems have used reader models for story generation, but they have focused on either interactive contexts or pure discourse-level manipulation. I intend to buid a reader-model story generator that not only applies reader modelling to full plot generation, but which also draws on theories about intentionality and emotions put forward by Lisa Zunshine, Keith Oatley, and Raymond Mar. To evaluate the contributions of the reader model, I'll compare it with human-authored stories using measures of reader engagement. I'll also run the model on human-authored stories and compare the results to a human gold-standard analysis.
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Radfahrer, Luli. "O meio é a mediação: uma visão pós-fenomenológica da mediação datacrática." MATRIZes 12, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v12i1p131-153.
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As technological innovations transform communication processes, Jesus Martín-Barbero’s Theory of Mediations continues to play a fundamental role in the epistemological debates about the environment of communications in interactive networks. Social media, which, according to a postphenomenological approach, have intentionality and moral agency, have become the preferential mediations of contemporary communications, turning collective environments into datacracies, regimes in which databases and algorithms have great influence on decision making. The Theory of Mediations, by evidencing the importance of the communicative nature of Culture, is essential for the identification of the influence of communication in contemporary ideological formation.
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Hook, Alan, Danielle Barrios-O'Neill, and Jolene Mairs Dyer. "A Transmedia Topology of Making a Murderer." Non-fiction Transmedia 5, no. 10 (December 31, 2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2016.jethc117.
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This article constructs a transmedia topology of the Making a Murderer text, demonstrating influences of various forms of documentary, interactive gaming culture, and post-digital writing on the series itself as well as on the paratextual cloud of works that grew up around it. Here we define transmedia topology as a tracing of what we could call the geography of the text, as defined by its features and boundaries (or lack thereof). We will discuss the intentionality of the series creators, as well as the emergence of a transmedial textuality that is owed largely to audiences and the textual terrain. The Making a Murderer series thus becomes the basis for a larger transmedia narrative that sprawls across social-digital networks, a pastiche of multifarious public reaction and unsanctioned investigation. The article maps the ecologies of interaction, participation and creation with and of the text by the audience to map the thresholds of the transmedial text and investigate new approaches to analysing transmedial work in the context of non-fiction media forms.
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Vincs, Kim, and John McCormick. "Touching Space: Using Motion Capture and Stereo Projection to Create a “Virtual Haptics” of Dance." Leonardo 43, no. 4 (August 2010): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00009.
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This paper describes the work of a group of artists in Australia who used real-time motion capture and 3D stereo projection to create a large-scale performance environment in which dancers seemed to “touch” the volume. This project re-versions Suzanne Langer's 1950s philosophy of dance as “virtual force” to realize the idea of a “virtual haptics” of dance that extends the dancer's physical agency literally across and through the surrounding spatial volume. The project presents a vision of interactive dance performance that “touches” space by visualizing kinematics as intentionality and agency. In doing so, we suggest the possibility of new kinds of human-computer interfaces that emphasize touch as embodied, nuanced agency that is mediated by the subtle qualities of whole-body movement, in addition to more goal-oriented, task-based gestures such as pointing or clicking.
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Diallo, Souleymane. "The Stylometry of Retrospective Model Narrative and the Telegraphic Style of Experience in Nawal El Saadawi’s Walking Though Fire: The Later Years of Nawal El Saadawi (2002)." Studies in Social Science Research 3, no. 4 (November 17, 2022): p160. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v3n4p160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The framework of stylistics in the esoteric knowledge of Walking Through Fire stands as a model-view-device that categorically focuses on the differentiation concerning the cumulative and formation constant of information representation and the equilibrium contact within the information is presented and performed. The model theory of point of view within engrosses the ideological assessment, spatial and temporal continuum, and psychological operation. The realm of stylometry involves an experiment set for a meticulous language model. Therefore, stylistic analysis impels the domain of structural narratology to frame the properties considered inside the progress of the narrative to propel the models of the theory, the affiliation of distinctive models to each other, and their interaction with structural linguistic and formal language. The traditional narrative and modern narrative background inserted in the narrative interactive design and narrative discourse, become a combinatorial principle and a composite reflective configuration that determine the incontestability clause of stylistic analysis as a method of examining systematically and in aspect the constitution of both literature and language. the realm of intentionality through the techniques of representation, a system of cognition and the content of representation, embodies an associate and illuminates direction, which ultimately upholds a retrievable procedure of analysis.
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Paine, Garth. "Interaction as Material: The techno-somatic dimension." Organised Sound 20, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771814000466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes an alternative approach to the analysis and design of interaction in real-time performance systems. It draws on the idea that the connection between the human engagement with the interface itself (digital or analogue) and the resultant rich media output forms a proposed experiential dimension containing both technical and somatic considerations. The proposed dimension is characterised by its materiality and is referred to by the author as the techno-somatic dimension. The author proposes that the materiality of the techno-somatic dimension may be usefully examined as part of a re-consideration of the nature of interaction in systems where the input characteristics of the performer’s actions, the musician’s gesture, the dancer’s movements and so on are analysed and also drive the rich media content of the work in real time. The author will suggest that such a techno-somatic dimension exists in all human engagement with technologies, analogue or digital. Furthermore, the author is proposing that design and analysis efforts for new interactive systems should focus on the techno-somatic dimension; that, if this dimension is designed with care to produce a detailed and nuanced experience for the user, design specifications for the interface will automatically result; and that such an interface will produce the somatic and functional characteristics to produce the desired materiality and actional intentionality. For the purposes of this discussion, the author will focus principally on musical interfaces.
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Kives, Christopher, Stephen Ware, and Lewis Baker. "Evaluating the Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis in Indexter." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 11, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v11i1.12789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indexter is a plan-based computational model of narrative discourse which leverages cognitive scientific theories of how events are stored in memory during online comprehension. These discourse models are valuable for static and interactive narrative generation systems because they allow the author to reason about the audience's understanding and attention as they experience a story. A pair of Indexter events can share up to five indices: protagonist, time, space, causality, and intentionality. We present the first in a planned series of evaluations that will explore increasingly nuanced methods of using these indices to predict salience. The Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis states that when a past event shares one or more indices with the most recently narrated event, that past event is more salient than one which shares no indices with the most recently narrated event. A crowd-sourced (n=200) study of 24 short text stories that control for content, text, and length supports this hypothesis. While this is encouraging, we believe it also motivates the development of a richer model that accounts for intervening events, narrative complexity, and episodic memory decay.
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Savel'eva, Irina. "Non-Professional Political Discourse: An Intentional Aspect (Case Study of Internet Comments to Political News)." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 9, no. 4 (August 3, 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2020-83-90.
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This study examines the issues of generating non-professional political discourse in an intentional aspect. Non-professional political discourse is born on special platforms designed to discuss events of a political nature by each user, regardless of their profession, social status, etc. Among these venues is the space of Internet comments. The multiple nature of their generation is determined by a number of discourse-forming factors (linguistic in combination with extra-linguistic ones), including the intentions of Internet users: to learn the latest political events and give their own assessment of what is happening, discuss current news and argue their political position. Despite the dependence of these texts on the primary text of political news, as well as on the preconditioned set form of a commentary, the analysis of user replicas explicates a rich repertoir of intentions of the participants. The author suggests considering the category of intentionality in the aspect of its implementation in non-professional political discourse in three guises: receptive-cognitive, communicative-interpretative and communicative-interactive.
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Ouellette, Marc, and Steven Conway. "A Feel for the Game: AI, Computer Games and Perceiving Perception." Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture 10, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/23.6169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I walk into the room and the smell of burning wood hits me immediately. The warmth from the fireplace grows as I step nearer to it. The fire needs to heat the little cottage through night so I add a log to the fire. There are a few sparks and embers. I throw a bigger log onto the fire and it drops with a thud. Again, there are barely any sparks or embers. The heat and the smell stay the same. They don’t change and I do not become habituated to it. Rather, they are just a steady stream, so I take off my VR headset and give my recommendations to the team programming the gameified world of the virtual museum of the future (one depicting an ancient Turkish settlement, being built now at the institution where one of us works). As much as this technological world seems almost too futuristic, it actually retrieves obsolete items from the past—a heater, a piece of wood, and a spray bottle—in keeping with McLuhan’s (1973) insights regarding media that provide strong participation goals and the rubric for achieving them. Moreover, the VR world extends the progression of game AI that occasioned the love-hate relationship with the “walking sim.” The stronger the AI, the more clearly defined the rubric for participation. In the VR interactive museum the designers want people to be able to “play” with haptic devices—like the smell, smoke, and heat generators—in order to heighten not only the immersion but also the perception of being there, or what Bolter and Grusin (1999) call “immediacy.” Indeed, Bolter and Grusin argue that the need for immediacy overwhelmingly takes over, regardless of the media’s intrusion. However, in the example above, the system fell short because the designers had not figured for someone laying down the “log” on the virtual fire and having it send a representative—that is, a perceptual, based on experience, intuition, etc.—amount of sparks and heat. Someone else could throw the log as hard as they want. The machine only senses log in or log out. This corresponds precisely with how we feel about phenomena, for machines and AI are based upon a model of intelligence which prioritises mental representation and symbolic manipulation. For Laird and van Lent (2001), in their field defining presentation, the “killer app” of human-level AI was going to be computer games. Writing a decade later in the same conference proceedings, Weber, Mateas, and Jhala (2011), are still responding to this original position, by way of AI in strategy games. Writing for this year’s, IEEE meeting Petrović (2018) also makes the case for human-level AI in games. What becomes clear, then, is that as much as we have wanted games to offer human behaviours, perception has taken a backseat in the extant models.As phenomenology makes clear, the emphasis on behaviour over perception leaves out the crucial, indeed foundational mode of intelligence: affective intentionality. Simply put, how we feel about phenomena impacts how we perceive phenomena as significant, inconsequential, interesting, etc. Thus, we should be asking if machines can understand significance? Can they feel any particular way about a game, a move, or the phenomenon of play? This becomes important when mental representation provides the mode of symbolic manipulation and vice versa. This occurs in and through a given game or gameified world’s ability to instill, simulate, or otherwise produce affective intentionality. We would argue that herein lies the crux of the mixed reactions to Red Dead Redemption 2. Similarly, the example from the virtual museum highlights the ongoing omission. Human-level AI should not just reproduce a human’s response to inputs, but should produce responses that a human would perceive. In short human-level AI needs to perceive perception itself. Indeed, this is the primary cognitive and affective response. Phenomenology does not tell us that; first principles semiotics tells us that. However, phenomenology gives us the means and methods to understand the response to affective intentionality and, more importantly, to develop the contingent hermeneutic (Merleau-Ponty, 2013). Moreover, semiotics will never encompass the materiality required of such a system, let alone the simulated materiality that exists through the interaction with the AI device and its interface, a device that bears the mark of the maker, just as surely as a bespoke shirt does. Thus, our paper will consider the production of affective intentionality and the ways VR games and gameified systems, like the virtual museum and Red Dead Redemption 2, facilitate, impede, and especially teach the perception of perception. As a corollary, then, our paper necessarily considers meta-cognitive processes—that is, the strategies for learning about learning—that occur in and through interaction with AI in games and devices (cf Hacker, 1998, 2016). Indeed, meta-cognition becomes a contingent component for instilling affective intentionality.
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Rozov, N. S. "Formation of speech and consciousness in anthropogenesis: evolutionary drivers and socio-psychological mechanisms." Cultural-Historical Psychology 18, no. 4 (2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>The work is aimed at the theoretical reconstruction of the genesis of articulate speech and main abilities of consciousness based on evolutionary regularities and socio-psychological mechanisms. The basic concepts of the conceptual apparatus of reconstruction are presented: “abilities”, “attitudes”, “interiorization”, “interactive ritual”, “niches”, “social orders”, group and individual “concerns”, “communicative concerns”, “supporting structures”, including "magic wands" with a special potential for flexibility and multifunctionality. In ontogeny, human attitudes and abilities are formed through the mechanisms of interiorization (according to Leo Vygotsky) and interactive ritual (according to E. Durkheim, E. Goffman, R. Collins). To reconstruct human traits folding in anthropogenesis is to represent a regular stepwise transformation of the most ancient hominids’ initial ingredients, probably like the apes’ features. Particular attention is paid to pre-rituals that form the internal and behavioral attitudes of apes, as well as their abilities for sign communication and learning new signs. It is shown what sequence of challenges and responses, new concerns and supporting structures led hominids to the formation of joint intentionality (M. Tomasello), self-domestication (D. K. Belyaev, R. Wrangham), normative rituals, the first group rules and internal normative attitudes (C. Lovejoy, D. Dor et al.). This complex phenomenon of normativity, the corresponding social orders and renewed communicative concerns became the main drivers of articulate speech development and closely associated with it consciousness abilities.</p>
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Wu, Hui-Yin, Florent Robert, Théo Fafet, Brice Graulier, Barthelemy Passin-Cauneau, Lucile Sassatelli, and Marco Winckler. "Designing Guided User Tasks in VR Embodied Experiences." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, EICS (June 14, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3532208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Virtual reality (VR) offers extraordinary opportunities in user behavior research to study and observe how people interact in immersive 3D environments. A major challenge of designing these 3D experiences and user tasks, however, lies in bridging the inter-relational gaps of perception between the designer, the user, and the 3D scene. Paul Dourish identified three gaps of perception: ontology between the scene representation and the user and designer interpretation, intersubjectivity of task communication between designer and user, and intentionality between the user's intentions and designer's interpretations. We present the GUsT-3D framework for designing Guided User Tasks in embodied VR experiences, i.e., tasks that require the user to carry out a series of interactions guided by the constraints of the 3D scene. GUsT-3D is implemented as a set of tools that support a 4-step workflow to (1) annotate entities in the scene with navigation and interaction possibilities, (2) define user tasks with interactive and timing constraints, (3) manage interactions, task validation, and user logging in real-time, and (4) conduct post-scenario analysis through spatio-temporal queries using ontology definitions. To illustrate the diverse possibilities enabled by our framework, we present two case studies with an indoor scene and an outdoor scene, and conducted a formative evaluation involving six expert interviews to assess the framework and the implemented workflow. Analysis of the responses show that the GUsT-3D framework fits well into a designer's creative process, providing a necessary workflow to create, manage, and understand VR embodied experiences.
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UNO, RYOKO, KEISUKE SUZUKI, and TAKASHI IKEGAMI. "AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO SPEAKERS' PERSPECTIVES IN A PAIRED WALL GAME." Advances in Complex Systems 15, no. 03n04 (May 2012): 1150020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525911500202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new interactive "wall game" is proposed to study the emergence of rules and symbols in interaction dynamics. In this game, two human players alternately configure a pattern on a board to communicate with each other. Distinct from related studies, players in this game have no explicit game scores or tasks to optimize. Any dynamics occurring in this game are therefore ad-hoc and on-going processes. There were three major findings in this paper. (i) The subjects mainly interacted in two modes: a dynamic mode where players proceed through the game without assigning any meanings to the pattern, and a metaphoric mode, where players process with narrative reflection. (ii) Subjects spontaneously switch between the two modes, but this switching is suppressed when playing alone. (iii) A transition diagram of the board pattern can be used to label the two modes, e.g. linearity of the diagram is correlated with the metaphoric mode. One of the main features of grammar is to display subjects' intentionality in a systematic way. We argue that the switching between the two modes observed in our experiment can be taken as a grammatical aspect that emerged in the process. These modes express the speaker's perspective in the same manner as grammatical elements do in natural language. The switching behavior should be seen as a process that embodies a player's intention using the medium (in this case, the patterns in the wall game), and a player's exploration of the medium is a necessary step before generating a grammar structure.
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Beshai, James A. "Are Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Norms on Death Anxiety Valid?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 57, no. 3 (November 2008): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.57.3.e.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cross-cultural comparisons of norms derived from research on Death Anxiety are valid as long as they provide existential validity. Existential validity is not empirically derived like construct validity. It is an understanding of being human unto death. It is the realization that death is imminent. It is the inner sense that provides a responder to death anxiety scales with a valid expression of his or her sense about the prospect of dying. It can be articulated in a life review by a disclosure of one's ontology. This article calls upon psychologists who develop death anxiety scales to disclose their presuppositions about death before administering a questionnaire. By disclosing his or her ontology a psychologist provides a means of disclosing his or her intentionality in responding to the items. This humanistic paradigm allows for an interactive participation between investigator and subject. Lester, Templer, and Abdel-Khalek (2006–2007) enriched psychology with significant empirical data on several correlates of death anxiety. But all scientists, especially psychologists, will always have alternative interpretations of the same empirical fact pattern. Empirical data is limited by the affirmation of the consequent limitation. A phenomenology of language and communication makes existential validity a necessary step for a broader understanding of the meaning of death anxiety.
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Seely Flint, Amy, Rebecca Rohloff, and Sarah Williams. "“I like the first slide. I like how we put it like that [words and pictures on a diagonal]:” composing multimodal texts in a grade four classroom." English Teaching: Practice & Critique 20, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/etpc-12-2019-0173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Young children often enter formal schooling with a range of digital experiences, including using apps on tablets and engaging with interactive educational toys. The convergence and increased accessibility of digital resources has made it more convenient for young children to navigate multiple modes (e.g. words, images, sound and movement) as they construct meaning across many different texts. The purpose of the study is to examine affordances and choices when students compose multimodal texts. Design/methodology/approach Three lines of inquiry support this study: the social construction of writing practices, multiliteracies and multimodality and intertextuality. Data analysis used an iterative two-tiered process of reading, rereading and coding students’ multimodal compositions and supplemental field notes (Creswell, 1998; Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Findings Analysis of the 23 multimodal compositions revealed three significant findings related to choice and affordances of multimodal texts: the popularity of Minecraft as a topic choice based on the social interactions of students; semiotic concurrence and semiotic complementarity and sophisticated use of literary techniques (e.g. nonlinear structures, shifting point of view, asides and emojis) across the multimodal stories, particularly those that carried Minecraft themes. Originality/value Students’ intentionality with the modes in their compositions suggested they were fully aware of the “complexity, interrelatedness and interdependence between image [animation and sound] and language” (Shanahan, 2013, p. 213).
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Smith, Stephen. "The Vitality of Humanimality: From the Perspective of Life Phenomenology." Phenomenology & Practice 11, no. 1 (July 11, 2017): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pandpr29339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While interactions with other animate beings seem mostly to serve our own human interests, there are, at times, fugitive glimpses, passing contacts, momentary motions, and fleeting feelings of vital connection with other life forms. Life phenomenology attempts to realize these relational, interactive and intercorporeal possibilities. It challenges the language game of presuming the muteness and bruteness of non-human creatures and, at best, of speaking for them. It critiques the capture of non-human species within the inhibiting ring of human functions and forms to reveal feelings and flows of interspecies commonality. It brings to expression the experiences of being moved to act and speak with others who do not share the human tongue. In part a critique of the logocentric, anthropocentric phenomenologies of intentionality, life phenomenology is more positively a means of coming to terms with the life-affirming kinetic, kinesthetic and affective dynamics of interspecies relationality. I take up the interrogation of this phenomenality, this humanimality, with the assistance of phenomenological scholarship that lends fuller credence to the experiences we have of moving in concert with other animate beings. In doing so, I aim to show the important insights that life phenomenology offers us in fostering not only greater appreciation of, responsivenss to and connection with other animals, but also in indicating the qualitative dynamics of relating with greater animate consciousness to one anotherof our own animal kind.
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Dash, Sanket Sunand, and Lalatendu Kesari Jena. "Self-deception, emotional neglect and workplace victimization." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 13, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-03-2019-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to define workplace victimization as any behavior that impairs employees’ basic psychological needs and explores the mutually interactive association between trait self-deception; emotional neglect, especially by supervisors, and workplace victimization. Design/methodology/approach Workplace victimization is identified as a pervasive problem in organization. This paper zeroes in on self-deception and emotional neglect as two possible antecedents of workplace victimization, explores the genesis of the two concepts and analyzes their conceptual relationship with each other and with workplace victimization. Based on the conceptual analysis, it identifies the lack of intentionality as a common element in both constructs and identifies a set of possible frameworks linking self-deception, emotional neglect and workplace victimization for future research. Findings This paper explores four possible frameworks to model the expected association while advocating for investigation of these given models to check whether one has considerable expository success than other by either connecting or disassociating these two constructs. Research limitations/implications The amount of linkage between self-deception and emotional neglect at workplace is worth investigating, and this research paper presents several possible models that might help to focus and organize the future workplace investigations. Practical implications The current paper postulates that supervisors’ and subordinates’ ability to display appropriate leadership and follower behavior and interaction will be impaired if they are high in trait self-deception and have been the victim or perpetrators of emotional neglect. Originality/value In the workplace, self-deceptive individuals display behaviors such as conscientiousness, resilience, optimism and competitiveness that are considered characteristics of good employees and, hence, are more likely to be promoted to supervisory positions, where emotional neglect of others such as subordinates becomes more pertinent.
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Larionova, Marina V., and Anastasia V. Demkina. "Hashtag as a Linguocognitive Unit of Spanish Political Discourse." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 3 (October 3, 2021): 774–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-3-774-788.
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The article presents an analysis of the discursive features of the hashtags functioning in the current Spanish political discourse which are retrieved from Spanish government, ministries and bodies web publications dedicated to combating coronavirus infection. The purpose of the research is to understand and treat hashtags as a discursive unit in terms of theoretical linguistics, discourse theory, cognitive science and pragmalinguistics. The paper reveals significant linguo-cognitive parameters of the hashtags functioning in Spanish political communication and determines the impact of their verbal and pragmatic influence as a tool for structuring the political agenda in the interests of the sender and manipulative means influencing the consciousness and behavior of the addressee. The interdisciplinary approach is applied together with a set of systemic linguistic research methods - cognitive, pragmalinguistic, comparative, semantic, contextual and discourse analysis. The article clarifies the status of hashtags as an independent category of discourse, in other words, a unit of meaningful information that seamlessly conveys the designed content in the Internet communication, which includes political discourse. In accordance with the functional criterion, the following taxonomic classification of hashtags is substantiated: hashtags-prototypes of a situation or event, hashtags-concepts, hashtags-metaphors, hashtags-imperatives and hashtags-performatives. Key cognitive-pragmatic and linguistic characteristics of hashtags include: metatext structure, semiotic polycode, hypertextuality, interactive essence, intentionality, manipulative potential, simplified syntax, frequent use of performative and imperative verbs to intensify a call to action, emotionality, empathy, use of a language game mechanism to facilitate memorization of a key message, repetitions, rhythm.
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Badiang Oloko, Francis. "La polyphonie discursive : un modèle ancré sur la ScaPoLine et le dialogisme." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.1362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present work is intended as a contribution to the development of a discourse polyphony approach. Polyphony in language studies can take different meanings depending on the various approaches as Nølke, Fløttum, and Norén (2004) report. There has been a proliferation of perspectives and approaches to multivoicedness since the early works of Ducrot (1984). Ducrot himself was largely inspired by Genette's theses as well as by Bally's works. The link between him and Bakhtin's legacy is not as direct as it seems with literature (Nølke 2017). It is quite the opposite with dialogism theory (Bres 1999). The latter appears to draw more directly from Bakhtin (Dendale and Coltier 2006). Some of the approaches to multivoicedness are described as linguistic due to their focus on language features solely. Others on the other hand transcend the limits of language and integrate contextual information. Gjerstad (2011) is the first attempt to develop a model of polyphony whose focus is beyond mere linguistic features. His discourse polyphony approach takes into account intentionality and the interactive nature of speech. This was achieved through the combination of the ScaPoLine approach with dialogism and the Geneva Model. The present contribution bridges from Gjerstad’s (2011). However, it limits the scope to the blending of the ScaPoLine and dialogism. After answering the question about the relevance of a discourse polyphony approach, this article offers a description of its scope, and the consequences of the incorporation of contextual elements into the polyphonic configuration taken up from the ScaPoLine. The result is tested on two concrete examples. If the conclusions to these examples approve the need for a discourse polyphony approach, its implementation requires some flexibility to match the dynamic nature of discourse also. Similarly, the relevance of context must be looked at with great caution.
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Christ, Margaret H. "An Experimental Investigation of the Interactions among Intentions, Reciprocity, and Control." Journal of Management Accounting Research 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-50443.
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ABSTRACT Prior academic research finds that formal controls can cause employees to engage in dysfunctional behaviors (e.g., decreased effort, fraud, or theft). This study investigates one specific aspect of formal control that contributes to employees' negative reactions—employees' beliefs about management's intentions signaled by the control. I use two interactive experiments to examine the effects on employee effort and firm profit of: (1) employees' beliefs regarding management's intentions when implementing control (i.e., perceived intentionality), and (2) employees' preferences for reciprocity. Consistent with prior literature, I find that formal control can cause employees to exert low effort, resulting in reduced firm profit. However, I find that the adverse consequences only occur when management clearly imposes the control and, therefore, employees interpret it as a signal of distrust. Further, employees respond negatively to controls that are unambiguously imposed by managers, even when managers have entrusted them with a large amount of resources. Thus, when employees are faced with simultaneous, conflicting signals regarding managers' trust, the distrust signaled by the control crowds out employees' positive reciprocity. Alternatively, when managers' intentions for imposing control are ambiguous or clearly do not signal distrust (i.e., it is exogenously imposed), the control does not cause such negative effects. I find that all of the observed effects persist over time. In supplemental analysis, I also find that managers accurately predict that employees' response to formal control is influenced by their beliefs regarding management's intentions, and entrust fewer resources to employees when they have imposed the control than when it is imposed exogenously. The results of this study suggest that organizations should carefully consider employees' beliefs about management's intentions when implementing formal controls, because these beliefs influence employee behavior.
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GUCK, MARION A. "Analysis as Interpretation: Interaction, Intentionality, Invention." Music Theory Spectrum 28, no. 2 (October 2006): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mts.2006.28.2.191.
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Knoblich, Günther, and Natalie Sebanz. "Evolving intentions for social interaction: from entrainment to joint action." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1499 (February 21, 2008): 2021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses four different scenarios to specify increasingly complex mechanisms that enable increasingly flexible social interactions. The key dimension on which these mechanisms differ is the extent to which organisms are able to process other organisms' intentions and to keep them apart from their own. Drawing on findings from ecological psychology, scenario 1 focuses on entrainment and simultaneous affordance in ‘intentionally blind’ individuals. Scenario 2 discusses how an interface between perception and action allows observers to simulate intentional action in others. Scenario 3 is concerned with shared perceptions, arising through joint attention and the ability to distinguish between self and other. Scenario 4 illustrates how people could form intentions to act together while simultaneously distinguishing between their own and the other's part of a joint action. The final part focuses on how combining the functionality of the four mechanisms can explain different forms of social interactions. It is proposed that basic interpersonal processes are put to service by more advanced functions that support the type of intentionality required to engage in joint action, cultural learning, and communication.
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Hacker, P. M. S. "Davidson on Intentionality and Externalism." Philosophy 73, no. 4 (October 1998): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003181919800401x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Davidson has attempted to integrate externalism into his account of meaning and understanding. He contends that what words mean is fixed in part by the circumstances in which they were learnt, in which the basic connection between words and things is established. This connection is allegedly established by causal interaction between people and the world. Words and sentences derive their meanings from the objects and circumstances in which they were learnt, which ‘anchor’ language to the world.Against this it is argued that there is no ‘semantic connection’ between words and things, that words derive their meanings from explanations of meaning, which are rules for their use, and that the manner of concept acquisition is irrelevant to determination of meaning, understanding and speaker's meaning.
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Matey, Jennifer. "Phenomenal Intentionality and Color Experience." Topics in Cognitive Science 9, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12223.
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Leclerc, André. "Intentionality and Continuity of Experience." Principia: an international journal of epistemology 21, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2017v21n2p235.
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My aim is to provide an analysis of cognitive experience from the point of view of philosophy of mind, by identifying and describing different components or features present in it. But different things are called ‘experience’ and some are more complex than other. I will first examine different uses of the word ‘experience’ to clear the way and to avoid cases of circularity. Then I try to restrict the investigation and introduce the mode (character) and content of experience, and take BonJour’s suggestion of what cognitive experience is as a starting point. In my view, the two main features of experience are Horizontal Intentionality (which produces Phenomenal Continuity) and Vertical Intentionality. The first is the most striking and fundamental; it constitutes the continuity of experience. Vertical Intentionality selects objects of experience, so that our experience is always experience of something. In Perception, something is identified and recognized by the application of concepts. Attention is required, especially when we get involved in complicated operations or manipulations. Finally, the last feature is constituted by a huge set of dispositions, particularly abilities to keep track our thoughts and former experiences. Cognitive Experience in the full sense is the result of the interaction and mutual support of these features.
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Kondratyev, M. D. "Peculiarities of the Intentionality of Teenagers Studying in the a Specialized and Basic Education Programs." Psychological-Educational Studies 7, no. 3 (2015): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2015070304.
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The article presents the results of an empirical study of intentionality of adolescents studying in the a specialized and basic educational program. Intentionality of the individual is considered in two aspects: time (temporal) and content. The temporal aspect of personal intentionality investigated by determining the type of time perspective using the questionnaire by F.Zimbardo, while content aspect investigated by determining the orientation of the person (focus on themselves, or on the interaction, or on the task, determined by B.Bass orientation questionnaire). The article marked features peculiar to two aspects of the personal intentionality of teenage students studying in classes with the specific and the basic educational program. There are differences in the time component of the personal intentionality in the «Positive past» and «Future» orientation types and in content component in "Focusing on the interaction" and "Focus on the task" types. The article confirms the hypothesis of significant differences in the characteristics of temporal and content components of the personal intentionality of the teenagers, interprets the results, and gives the prospects of the study.
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Danilov, Igor Val. "Theoretical Grounds of Shared Intentionality for Neuroscience in Devel-oping Bioengineering Systems." OBM Neurobiology 07, no. 01 (February 17, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301156.
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The article discusses a definition of shared intentionality that reflects recent discoveries for inspiring further translational research in developing bioengineering systems based on human-computer interaction. The child's cognition begins through shared intentionality that occurs in child-caregiver interaction when communication via sensory cues is impossible. There needs to be more knowledge on how it appears. This article argues that shared intentionality is collaborative interactions in which participants share the essential sensory stimulus of the actual cognitive problem. This social bond enables ecological training of the immature organism, starting at the reflexes stage of development, for processing the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in developing perception. In nature, shared intentionality appears in mother-child dyads in increasing interpersonal dynamics due to mechanisms of cell coupling that provide an ecological developmental template. Knowledge about neurophysiological processes occurring during pre-perceptual communication can contribute to advances in bioengineering systems.
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Danilov, Igor Val, and Sandra Mihailova. "Neuronal Coherence Agent for Shared Intentionality: A Hypothesis of Neurobiological Processes Occurring during Social Interaction." OBM Neurobiology 5, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104113.
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The present interdisciplinary study discusses the physical foundations of the neurobiological processes occurring during social interaction. The review of the literature establishes the difference between Intentionality and Intention, thereby proposing the theoretical basis of Shared Intentionality in humans. According to the present study, Shared Intentionality in humans (Goal-directed coherence of biological systems), which is the ability among social organisms to instantly select just one stimulus for the entire group, is the outcome of evolutionary development. Therefore, this interaction modality should be the preferred, archetypal, and most propagated modality in organisms, attributed to the Model of Hierarchical Complexity Stage 3. This characteristic of biological systems facilitates the training of the new members of the group and also ensures efficient cooperation among the members of the group without requiring communication. In humans, Shared Intentionality contributes to the learning of newborns. The neurons of a mature organism may teach the neonate neurons regarding the fitting reactions to the excitatory inputs of the specific structural organization. This enables the neonate neurons to develop a Long-Term Potentiation that links particular stimuli with specific embodied sensorimotor neural networks. The present report discusses three possible neuronal coherence agents that could involve quantum mechanisms in cells, thereby enabling the distribution of the quality of goal-directed coherence in biological systems (Shared Intentionality in humans). Recently reported case studies conducted online with the task of conveying the meaning of numerosity to the children of age 18–33 months revealed the occurrence of Shared Intentionality in mother-child dyads in the absence of sensory cues between the two, which promoted cognitive development in the children. The findings of these case studies support the concept of physical foundations and the hypothesis of the neurophysiological process of social interaction proposed in the present study.
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Abu-Akel, Ahmad M., Ian A. Apperly, Stephen J. Wood, and Peter C. Hansen. "Re-imaging the intentional stance." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1925 (April 15, 2020): 20200244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0244.
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The commonly used paradigm to investigate Dennet's ‘intentional stance’ compares neural activation when participants compete with a human versus a computer. This paradigm confounds whether the opponent is natural or artificial and whether it is intentional or an automaton. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate the intentional stance by orthogonally varying perceptions of the opponents' intentionality (responding actively or passively according to a script) and embodiment (human or a computer). The mere perception of the opponent (whether human or computer) as intentional activated the mentalizing network: the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) bilaterally, right temporal pole, anterior paracingulate cortex (aPCC) and the precuneus. Interacting with humans versus computers induced activations in a more circumscribed right lateralized subnetwork within the mentalizing network, consisting of the TPJ and the aPCC, possibly reflective of the tendency to spontaneously attribute intentionality to humans. The interaction between intentionality (active versus passive) and opponent (human versus computer) recruited the left frontal pole, possibly in response to violations of the default intentional stance towards humans and computers. Employing an orthogonal design is important to adequately capture Dennett's conception of the intentional stance as a mentalizing strategy that can apply equally well to humans and other intentional agents.
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FREEMAN, WALTER J. "THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF NATURAL COMPUTING: INTENTIONALITY." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 05, no. 01 (March 2009): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005709001179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brains and computers are both dynamical systems that manipulate symbols, but they differ fundamentally in their architectures and operations. Human brains do mathematics; computers do not. Computers manipulate symbols that humans put into them without grounding them in what they represent. Human brains intentionally direct the body to make symbols, and they use the symbols to represent internal states. The symbols are outside the brain. Inside the brains, the construction is effected by spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity that are operators, not symbols. The operations include formation of sequences of neural activity patterns that we observe by their electrical signs. The process is by neurodynamics, not by logical rule-driven symbol manipulation. The aim of simulating human natural computing should be to simulate the operators. In its simplest form natural computing serves for communication of meaning. Neural operators implement non-symbolic communication of internal states by all mammals, including humans, through intentional actions. The neural operators that implement symbol formation must differ, but how is unknown, so we cannot yet simulate human natural computing. Here, I propose that symbol-making operators evolved from neural mechanisms of intentional action by modification of non-symbolic operators. Both kinds of operators can be investigated by their signs of neuroelectric activity. I propose that the postulated differences should be sought by classification of the spatial textures of the signs in EEG recorded from the scalp overlying those cortical structures unique to humans in the brain that I designate as koniocortex, while the subjects are engaged in elementary arithmetic operations.
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Jones, Sarah E., and Don H. Zimmerman. "A child’s point and the achievement of intentionality." Gesture 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2003): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.3.2.03jon.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the intentionality of very young children’s communicative action by looking at interactional sequences that are touched off by a child’s point. Young children use points and vocalizations, including “proto words,” to orient to some feature of their situation in a manner that makes relevant a response by the caregiver. These gestures initiate interactional sequences through which the caregiver locates a candidate specification of the point’s target. The child’s point is oriented to by caregivers as a recognizable action directed to some end. We suggest that intentionality, is a feature of participants’ production and recognition of actions becomes visible in interaction between the child and the caregiver as it unfolds in a particular situation. The electronic edition of this article includes audio-visual data.
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Danilov, Igor Val, and Sandra Mihailova. "A New Perspective on Assessing Cognition in Children through Estimating Shared Intentionality." Journal of Intelligence 10, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10020021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This theoretical article aims to create a conceptual framework for future research on digital methods for assessing cognition in children through estimating shared intentionality, different from assessing through behavioral markers. It shows the new assessing paradigm based directly on the evaluation of parent-child interaction exchanges (protoconversation), allowing early monitoring of children’s developmental trajectories. This literature analysis attempts to understand how cognition is related to emotions in interpersonal dynamics and whether assessing these dynamics shows cognitive abilities in children. The first part discusses infants’ unexpected achievements, observing the literature about children’s development. The analysis supposes that due to the caregiver’s help under emotional arousal, newborns’ intentionality could appear even before it is possible for children’s intention to occur. The emotional bond evokes intentionality in neonates. Therefore, they can manifest unexpected achievements while performing them with caregivers. This outcome shows an appearance of protoconversation in adult-children dyads through shared intentionality. The article presents experimental data of other studies that extend our knowledge about human cognition by showing an increase of coordinated neuronal activities and the acquisition of new knowledge by subjects in the absence of sensory cues. This highlights the contribution of interpersonal interaction to gain cognition, discussed already by Vygotsky. The current theoretical study hypothesizes that if shared intentionality promotes cognition from the onset, this interaction modality can also facilitate cognition in older children. Therefore in the second step, the current article analyzes empirical data of recent studies that reported meaningful interaction in mother-infant dyads without sensory cues. It discusses whether an unbiased digital assessment of the interaction ability of children is possible before the age when the typical developmental trajectory implies verbal communication. The article develops knowledge for a digital assessment that can measure the extent of children’s ability to acquire knowledge through protoconversation. This specific assessment can signalize the lack of communication ability in children even when the typical trajectory of peers’ development does not imply verbal communication.
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Val Danilov, Igor, Araksia Svajyan, and Sandra Mihailova. "Computerized Assessment of Cognitive Development in Neurotypical and Neurodivergent Children." OBM Neurobiology 06, no. 03 (September 28, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2203137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to observe the differences in the shared intentionality magnitude in mother-child dyads with neurotypical (NT) children and neurodivergent (ND) children aged 3-6 years. The quality of shared intentionality in infancy is associated with cognitive development. Our results showed that ND children scored six times higher (on average) in quiz-test than NT children. Children with difficulties in interaction (ND children) are more likely to use shared intentionality in conversation than NT children. We believe that this knowledge can contribute to developing computerized assessment methods which can diagnose developmental disabilities in such children.
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Moore, Chris, and Markus Paulus. "A second-person approach cannot explain intentionality in social understanding." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 4 (July 25, 2013): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001987.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA second-person approach that prioritizes dyadic emotional interaction is not well equipped to explain the origins of the understanding of mind conceived as intentionality. Instead, the critical elements that will deliver the understanding of self and other as persons with intentionality are shared object-centered interactions that include not only emotional engagement, but also joint attention and joint goal-directed action.
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Vechiato, Fernando Luiz, and Alessandra Stefane Cândido Elias da Trindade. "Encontrabilidade da informação em ambientes informacionais: diálogo teórico entre os conceitos Intencionalidade e affordance." Prisma.com, no. 42 (2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16463153/42a1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Informational environments needs to adopt mechanisms that make it possible to find information. Affordances are object/environments elements that shows the subjects action possibilities. The Intentionality consists of the subject’s experiences, competences, skills and knowledge related to environments and objects interaction. The research questioned how the studies of the Intentionality and affordance could contribute to the information findability on informational environments. It aims to understand the theoretically relationship between Intentionality and affordance concepts, and propose informational environments design and assessment recommendations from bibliographical and exploratory research using the quadripolar method. The results show the concepts effective dialogue and development of digital, analog or hybrid informational environments project and evaluation recommendations. It’s concluded that both theories can be reflected in the informational environment design as they contribute to information findability as well as that subject’s Intentionality influences the affordances detection process.
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van der Pol, J., W. Admiraal, and P. R. J. Simons. "Context enhancement for co-intentionality and co-reference in asynchronous CMC." AI & SOCIETY 20, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-005-0022-5.
Повний текст джерела
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Sari, Innez Kartika, and Drajat Tri Kartono. "TRANSFORMASI IDENTITAS SOSIAL TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA (Studi Deskriptif Transformasi Identitas Sosial TKI Pasca Migrasi di Kelurahan Mojorejo, Kecamatan Karangmalang, Kabupaten Sragen )." Journal of Development and Social Change 1, no. 2 (August 19, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v1i2.19108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Abstract : Identity always changes frequently because identity is a part of human it self which always be changed. Identity changed to another form of identity they have had, it called identity transformation. It also occurs in Ex Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) in Mojorejo who used migration for transforming their social identity. The purpose of this study is to analyzed and described the process which occurred in social identity transformation of Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) in Mojorejo by Social Identity Transformation Theory which explaned by Jennifer Todd and Social Practices which explaned by Pierre Bourdieu for explaining the initial identity before migration and final identity after migration.This study is a single deskriptive study. Primary data were sources from informants by interview. Secondary data were sources from literatures, written documents, and archives. The informants were selected by purposive sampling. Informants were selected by key informan based on some requirement which determined by researcher ie the informant should be a citzens of Mojorejo Village, of Karangmalang district, of Sragen Regency and should have a citizen ID. Data validity was used triangulation by comparing observation data with interview data, comparing interview data from Eks TKI with interview data from citizen non TKI, and comparing interview data with secondary data were sources from literatures, written documents, and archives. Data analyzing technique was used interactive model analysis through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusion, and verification. This research describes social identity transformation which occured in ex Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) in Mojorejo by using Sosial Identity Transformation theory which explained by Jennifer Todd. This research shows the process of Social Identity Transformation in three stages of transformation, such as: dissonancy of habitus with social order, internal dissonancy, and moment of intentionally after taking a migration. From many several kinds of the result of Social Identity transformation, there was only partial kinds which occurred in Mojorejo they are : assimilation, conversion, and privatization.<br />Keywords : Transformation, social identity, TKI</p><p><br />Abstrak : Identitas senantiasa berubah mengingat identitas merupakan suatu hal yang ‘cair’. Perubahan dari suatu identitas menjadi identitas yang lain dinamakan transformasi identitas. Hal ini juga terjadi pada para Eks TKI di Kelurahan Mojorejo yang sengaja melakukan migrasi untuk merubah identitas sosialnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses yang terjadi dalam transformasi identitas sosial tenaga kerja Indonesia di Kelurahan Mojorejo dengan teori Jennifer Todd Transformasi Identitas Sosial dan Piere Bourdeieu untuk menjelaskan identitas awal dan akhir dari proses transformasi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan studi Deskriptif. Data bersumber dari informasi yang diperoleh langsung dari informan, studi pustaka, dokumen tertulis dan arsip. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan observasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling yaitu memilih narasumber berdasarkan persyaratan yang telah peneliti tentukan seperti merupakan warga Kelurahan Mojorejo, Kecamatan Karangmalang, Kabupaten Sragen dan sudah dewasa ditunjukkan dengan berumur diatas 17 tahun. Validitas data menggunakan trianggulasi sumber yskni dengan membandingkan data hasil pengamatan dengan data hasil wawancara, membandingkan hasil wawancara terhadap narasumber eks TKI dengan wawancara terhadap warga masyarakat bukan TKI, dan membandingkan hasil wawancara dengan dokumen buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan. Data dianalisis dengan model interaktif melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verivikasi. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan adanya transformasi identitas sosial yang terjadi pada para Eks TKI di Kelurahan Mojorejo dengan menggunakan teori Transformasi Sosial oleh Jennifer. Dimana para Eks TKI mengalami tahap-tahap antara lain disonansi habitus dengan tatanan sosial, disonansi internal dan moment of intentionality setelah melakukan migrasi. Dari tahap-tahap tersebut muncul berbagai macam jenis asimilasi identitas baru dan identitas lama antara lain asimilasi, konfersi dan privatisasi.</p><p>Kata Kunci : Transformasi, identitas sosial, TKI</p>