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Статті в журналах з теми "Interactions des espèces":
GOUET, Ph, J. GRAIN, H. C. DUBOURGUIER, and G. ALBAGNAC. "Interactions entre espèces microbiennes anaérobies dans le rumen." Reproduction Nutrition Développement 26, no. 1B (1986): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19860202.
LEBRET, B., S. PRACHE, C. BERRI, F. LEFÈVRE, D. BAUCHART, B. PICARD, G. CORRAZE, F. MÉDALE, J. FAURE, and H. ALAMI-DURANTE. "Qualités des viandes : influences des caractéristiques des animaux et de leurs conditions d'élevage." INRA Productions Animales 28, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.2.3022.
Mattioli, Raffaele C., O. Jean, and Adrien Marie Gaston Belem. "Incidence de la trypanosomose sur la faune sauvage d'un ranch de gibier au Burkina Faso." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 43, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8759.
BRIANT, C., D. GUILLAUME, P. L. TOUTAIN, and M. R. BLANC. "Superovulation chez la jument avec les hormones gonadotropes : le point sur la situation et nouvelles données." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 4 (November 7, 2007): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.4.3466.
Monket, Ange Edgar Habib, Célestin Yao Kouakou, Malé Roger Kely, André Djaha Koffi, Antoine Kouamé N’guessan, Emmanuelle Normand, Yves Aka Kablan, Abdoulaye Diarrassouba, Adama Tondossama, and Jean-Claude Koffi Bene. "Périodes d’activités et structure sociale de Cephalophus zebra Gray, 1838 et de Cephalophus jentinki Thomas, 1892 dans le Parc National de Taï, Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 5 (January 20, 2022): 1863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i5.14.
THEBAULT, A., E. J. PEELER, A. G. MURRAY, E. BRUN, A. GIOVANINNI, and M. A. THRUSH. "Application de la modélisation en santé des espèces aquacoles." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3460.
Poitelon, Jean-Baptiste, Michel Joyeux, Bénédicte Welté, Jean-Pierre Duguet, and Michael Scott DuBow. "Le réseau de distribution d’eau potable : un écosystème complexe lié à des enjeux de santé publique." Revue des sciences de l’eau 24, no. 4 (January 24, 2012): 383–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1007627ar.
Pont, D., R. Chappaz, G. Brun, and A. Champeau. "Interactions zooplancton-poissons dans une retenue oligotrophe de mise en eau récente (Ste-Croix, Provence, France)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 2, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 777–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705054ar.
Karsenty, Alain. "Is sustainable logging possible in Africa’s dense forest?" BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 336 (September 6, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2018.336.a31615.
Chahid, El Ghaouti, Hayat Loukili, Soufiane Tahiri, Saâd Alami Younssi, Abdelhak Majouli, and et Abderrahman Albizane. "Filtration du bleu de méthylène, du chrome hexavalent et de l'acide éthylène diamine tétracétique sur une membrane céramique d'ultrafiltration à base de ZnAl2O4−TiO2." Water Quality Research Journal 43, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.035.
Дисертації з теми "Interactions des espèces":
Thomas, Anaïs. "Interactions entre espèces en plantations mélangées forestières et agroforestières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0079.
Plantations of fast-growing species (e.g. poplars, willows, eucalyptus) are widely used for biomass supply. However, these plantations are often monospecific systems and are generally very resource demanding. This is particularly the case for plantations of species belonging to the Populus genus, which can be grown under intensive cultivation conditions, and which use large quantities of water and nitrogen to produce large volumes of biomass. In this context, mixed forest or agroforestry plantations appear as an interesting alternative to monocultures. Indeed, they can produce more by using more efficiently the resources necessary for the growth of the different components of the mixture by playing on the complementarity between the species. The introduction of nitrogen-fixing species in these mixtures can also be an additional asset to reduce the need for synthetic nitrogen inputs.In any plantation, forest or agroforestry, intraspecific interactions (individuals of the same species) or interspecific interactions (between individuals of two different species) can be negative, positive, or neutral. To date, the interactions between species that determine whether a given mixture will be more productive than the corresponding monocultures are still poorly understood and studies of their impact on resource-use efficiency are scarce. The overall objective of the PhD work was to evaluate the impact of several species mixtures, both forest and agroforestry, on tree growth performance through effects on functional (resource-use efficiencies), structural (crown architecture) and phenological (spring and fall bud and leaf phenology) determinants. The main hypothesis was that thanks to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and complementarity between species, trees in mixtures would be more productive and use resources more efficiently than in monoculture.This objective was pursued on an instrumented plantation on the La Bouzule site (54), installed in spring 2014, composed of mixtures of woody (poplars and alders) and herbaceous (legumes, graminoids) species, as well as their respective monocultures. The functioning of three types of mixtures including nitrogen-fixing species (poplars/alfalfa - clover succession; poplars/alders; alders/cereal - temporary grassland succession) was compared with monocultures of the two woody species. The originality of the work lies on the combination of the study of processes occurring at the organ and tree scales to describe the interaction processes between species and the overall performance of the different types of mixtures, compared to their respective monocultures.Species interactions in a plantation are not static but change as the stand develops. The nature of the interactions between poplars and legumes in the agroforestry plot evolved from a predominant competition at the beginning of the plantation to facilitation through soil nitrogen enrichment. The growth performances of the poplars were increased compared to the monoculture, associated with a higher water-use efficiency than in monoculture and a reduction of competition between the canopies allowing a better interception of light in agroforestry. In contrast, higher water-use efficiency of poplars associated with alder than in monoculture was not associated with better growth performances of both species compared to their respective monocultures. Overall, alder was only slightly affected by the mixtures
Ndome, Hameth. "Étude théorique des collisions réactives entre espèces diatomiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0375.
Cazelles, Kévin. "Influence des interactions biotiques sur la répartition gégographique des espèces." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT122.
One of the most pressing challenges currently in the field of biogeography is the successful integration of ecological interactions in species distribution models. Although the scientific literature points out the evidence of the controlling role interactions play on local community structure, relatively few studies have demonstrated its importance over large geographical gradients. Developing a concise, clear explanation for this issue remains a significant challenge that biogeographers need to answer. The main issue associated to the lack of a clear answer concerning the role of interactions at broad spatial scales is that most of scenarios of biodiversity changes assume that interactions can be ignored. When tested, if this hypothesis is proven false, then a re-consideration of species distribution models and their development must be undertaken to include relationships among species. I begin this thesis with a theoretical investigation on this topic, where classical theories have typically ignored ecological interactions. In the first chapter of the thesis I present the integration of interaction networks into a theoretical model of species distribution coming from one of the most important theory in biogeography: the theory of island biogeography. This work shows how together the biotic and abiotic factors can affect the expectations derived from the classical theory. Building upon the findings in the first chapter, in the second chapter, I show how interactions can affect co-occurrence (between species) data. Such data contains the presence or absence of several species for a similar set of sites dispersed along large latitudinal gradients. Using a probabilistic model, I obtain theoretical results linking co-occurrence data and the information included in ecological networks. I clearly demonstrate that interactions shape co-occurrence data. Furthermore, I show that the higher the number of links between two species, the more difficult it is to detect their indirect interaction. Similarly, if a species experiences many interactions, it is then challenging to detect any sign of interactions in co-occurrence data for this species.In the third chapter of the thesis, I assess five sets of co-occurrence data, which had descriptions of their interactions available. Using this data, I was able to confirm my hypotheses put forth in my second chapter, by showing that species co-occur differently from non-interacting one. These results also point out that the abundance of interaction must preclude their detection in co-occurrence data. However, when accounting for abiotic similarities among sites, signals of interactions are weakened. Therefore, my results suggest that using abiotic factors to infer co-occurrence probabilities capture a part of the link between species and further pinpoint the uncertainty associated to this part. As a result of these findings, the predictive power of classical species distribution models used to date is brought into question. My research findings bring new theoretical elements to the forefront when considering the influence of ecological interactions and how they shape species geographical distributions, while also introducing an original methodology for studying species co-occurrence: examining them in the light of ecological networks. Before concluding, my fourth and final chapter, I propose a promising new avenue to further investigate integrating species interactions in biogeography. Here, I introduce interactions in terms of energetic constraints, which will provide a sound basis for a metabolic theory of biogeography
Monmeyran, Amaury. "Étude expérimentale d’un modèle de biofilm bactérien multi-espèces en vidéo-microscopie : cinétique de formation et interactions entre espèces." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS242.
During my PhD work, I characterized the development of a multi-species biofilm in milli-fluidic channels under constant flow of nutrient medium. I first developed the use of a new fluorescent reporter on a single-species Escherichia coli biofilm. I have shown the limitations of classical GFP type reporters on the system and introduced the inducible fluorescence protein FAST to overcome these limitations. With this new tool, I studied the formation of a multi-species biofilm, resulting from a natural biofilm adapted to the laboratory, consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), Kocuria salsicia (Ks) and Rhodocyclus sp. (R). I characterized the development of this adherent community by video-microscopy of transmitted light and fluorescence, by measuring in real time the kinetics of development of global biomass and fluorescent species within the community. I thus highlighted a succession of phases of growth and recession of the biofilm, then the establishment of stationary state after 30h of growth. I also found that Pf, numerically the dominant species of this community, operates after a few hours a change of niche probably giving him an important advantage. These results led me to formulate the hypothesis that the formation mechanism of this adherent community is largely governed by the equilibrium of O2 in the system. Finally, I have studied the different combinations that can be formed by members of the community in search of existing interactions between bacteria. I was able to show the existence of competitive interactions between Pf and Bt, the parasitism relation of Bt on Ks, as well as that of amensalism of Pf on Ks. We also determined that R develops in a neutral way towards the other species. Our results suggest that these interactions are mainly based on physical interactions and physicochemical regulation
Cougoul, Arnaud. "Analyse statistique de réseaux d'associations entre espèces microbiennes à partir de données métagénomiques." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC103.
High throughput sequencing reveals a new ecology of microorganisms. They are everywhere and their functions are essential for their host ecosystems, organisms or environments. Metagenomics makes it possible to estimate the composition and abundance of microbial species from a set of samples of the same type of microbial communities. In the studies that seek to understand the diversity and structure of such communities, network approaches can identify statistical associations between microbes, assuming that these statistical associations reflect biological interactions. In this context, the subject of my thesis was to better understand the potential of network approaches in the detection of associations between OTUs within metagenomic data and to develop the necessary tools to improve the analysis of datasets. As a first step, I studied the practices and analysis tools that can be used to infer association networks within metagenomes. Given the properties of metagenomic data, I determined their effectiveness and their limits. This work allowed me to identify ways to improve the study of microbial associations. Based on the accumulated knowledge, I developed an association analysis package between OTUs (named MAGMA) to infer relevant associations within metagenomes. MAGMA takes into account the specificities of metagenomic data and offers the possibility to take into account the effect of a structuring factor on the distribution of OTUs before looking for associations between microbes. Through participations in different metagenomics projects, I confirmed the relevance of the tool developed and identified ways of improving the current biological issues
Auffray, Thomas. "Etude des interactions chimiques entre les espèces cultivées d'Elaeis et les insectes pollinisateurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT074.
The African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacqu. (Arecales: Arecaceae) is a tropical plant of economic interest and the world's leading source of vegetable oil. Oil production depends on pollination by weevils of the genus Elaeidobius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These insects are involved in a specialized mutualist relationship with the host plant: they develop at the expense of the male inflorescences they detect through the odors emitted during the anthesis, while the female inflorescences are pollinated by mimicking the male odors. E. guineensis is affected by a lethal disease in South America that leads to the development of commercial varieties of interspecific hybrids, resulting from artificial crossing between E. guineensis and the South American oil palm Elaeis oleifera (Knuth) Cortés. However, the natural pollination of these hybrids is inadequate and require the intervention of a costly assisted pollination. This thesis hypothesizes that the chemical communication underlying the successful encountering between each oil palm species and their respective pollinators is deficient in hybrid palms.The main objective of this work was to study the functioning of the pollination system for both oil palm species to understand why natural pollination in hybrids is inefficient. The study was conducted in a commercial plantation in Ecuador, including the two species E. guineensis and E. oleifera present with their respective pollinating insects, the African weevil Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. and the South American weevil Grasidius hybridus O'Brien & Beserra (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), as well as interspecific hybrid palms. Using techniques of trapping and sampling of floral odors, our results showed the pollination system of both species of palm is based on the emission of a specific chemical signal and an olfactory deception, reinforced by a phenomenon of thermogenesis. The two insects are attracted in a small proportion to hybrid palms, which have an intermediate chemical composition compare to parent species. Physiological and behavioral tests permit the identification of the key volatile organic compounds responsible for pollinator attraction.This work should contribute to theoretical knowledge about the oil palm pollination system and the development of practical methods for pollinator management to reduce costs in assisted pollination
Bourdier, Thomas. "Hétérogénéité des peuplements forestiers et production : interactions avec les traits fonctionnels des espèces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV050/document.
Understanding the link between diversity ecosystem functioning has been a major topic of ecology for the last decades. When studying the relationship between diversity and productivity in tree populations and communities, size heterogeneity has often been disregarded. Our study focuses on the effect of size heterogeneity on the production of pure and mixed forest stands as wells its interactions with species’ functional traits. By using national forest inventory data, we were able to demonstrate a negative effect of size heterogeneity in both pure and mixed stands. In the latter case, we showed a positive effect of species richness as well as a positive effect of a decrease of shade tolerance with tree size, i.e. when the less tolerant species are dominant in the overstorey. We propose potential mechanisms to explain our results and discuss the consequences of such findings at larger time scale for the stability and resilience of forest stands
Baillard, Vincent. "Modélisation de distribution de sensibilité des espèces pour la protection des communautés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0065.
Human activities have numerous effects on ecosystems. They can for example result in spillage or leakage of contaminants in ecosystems as during spreading of pesticides in agricultural lands. Environmental risk assessment allows to characterize those effects to maintain them at a level considered acceptable. This assessment is usually based on monospecific bioassays, but concentration-response relationships thus described can then be included in Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD). Those SSD, widely used in environmental risk assessment, then allows to define a concentration that only have an effect on a small fraction of the species found in an ecosystem (usually 5%, leading to hazardous concentrations for 5% of species). One of the most important problems of this kind of approaches is that it still lacks environmental relevance. Monospecific bioassays indeed providing the information to model SSD are usually realised in non realist conditions (organisms isolated and thus not subject to biotic interactions, experimental conditions far from environmental reality, obtention of a unique sensitivity value for a species whereas this sensibility can be variable from one population to another...). This lack of realism is compensated by the application of an assessment factor which divides the final value by a value that increases as the realised estimation is distant from environmental reality, thus giving lower values that are considered more protectives. The work presented here sought to integrate (i) the effect of intraspecific variability on SSD curves parameters, in particular on hazardous concentrations for 5% of species and (ii) the combined effect of an herbicide and interspecific competition on the vegetal communities that are grass stripes following several modeling approaches for each data processing step. Results show the importance of the integration of all this biological complexity in environmental risk assessment procedures as well as the risk of underestimation of assessment factors usually applied on results from SSD modeling
Martino, Aurelia. "Écologie trophique des poissons top-prédateurs - interactions entre espèces natives et introduites au sein d'écosystèmes dulçaquicoles." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763302.
Martino, Aurélia. "Écologie trophique des poissons top-prédateurs, interactions entre espèces natives et introduites au sein d'écosystèmes dulçaquicoles." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1773/.
The impacts of exotic species on ecosystem functions are still poorly known. Top-predatory fish, which are at the top of the food-chain are relevant models to study the impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Introductions of exotic top-predator fish can induce changes in the functioning of freshwater communities, that could be inferred by stable isotope analyses in lentic and lotic food-webs, using trophic positions and diet compositions of top-predators. Moreover, the otolith chemical signatures can discriminate freshwater fish stocks and help to reconstruction of the introduced fish life history. Our results provide new information about trophic ecology of top-predator fish, and this knowledge will be useful to design regional conservation plans
Книги з теми "Interactions des espèces":
Bardgett, Richard D. Aboveground-belowground linkages: Biotic interactions, ecosystem processes, and global change. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Bardgett, Richard D., and David A. Wardle. Aboveground-Belowground Linkages: Biotic Interactions, Ecosystem Processes, and Global Change. Oxford University Press, 2010.
Bardgett, Richard D., and David A. Wardle. Aboveground-Belowground Linkages: Biotic Interactions, Ecosystem Processes, and Global Change. Oxford University Press, 2010.
Cox, George W. Alien Species and Evolution: The Evolutionary Ecology of Exotic Plants, Animals, Microbes, and Interacting Native Species. Island Press, 2004.
Tan, Jingzhi, and Brian Hare. Prosociality among non-kin in bonobos and chimpanzees compared. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0010.
Частини книг з теми "Interactions des espèces":
CHIQUET, Julien, Marie-Josée CROS, Mahendra MARIADASSOU, Nathalie PEYRARD, and Stéphane ROBIN. "Le modèle Poisson log-normal pour l’analyse de distributions jointes d’abondance." In Approches statistiques pour les variables cachées en écologie, 175–99. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9047.ch8.
AUBERT, Julie, Pierre BARBILLON, Sophie DONNET, and Vincent MIELE. "Modèles à blocs latents pour la détection de structures dans les réseaux écologiques." In Approches statistiques pour les variables cachées en écologie, 131–50. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9047.ch6.
GAYE, Aliou, and Mamadou DIOMBERA. "Les musées comme outils de patrimonialisation et de touristification des territoires au Sénégal." In Revue Internationale des Sciences Économiques et Sociales (RISES) No. 4, 65–82. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.8165.