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1
Rossi-Gensane, Nathalie, and Biagio Ursi. "Syntaxe et genre interactionnel : le cas des interrogatives directes partielles dans les interactions commerciales." Langages N°219, no. 3 (2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lang.219.0147.
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Steiner, Philippe. "Marché, transaction et liens sociaux: l'approche de la Sociologie Économique." Revista de Sociologia e Política 20, no. 42 (June 2012): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-44782012000200009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'article ici présenté discute quelques conceptions sur le marché, à partir de la perspective de la Nouvelle Sociologie Économique; en particulier, il traite des différentes relations sociales d'échange, en cherchant à distinguer celles qui appartiennent au marché (commerciales) des celles qui ne lui appartiennent pas. Dans ce sens, entre d'autres éléments, les échanges commerciaux - selon leur définition par les théories économiques classique et néoclassique - sont ajustés par les prix, caractérisés par l'impersonnalité et un anonymat potentiel et, dans les termes récents d'André Orlean, par les hypothèses connexes de la «nomenclature» et de la «parfaite prévisibilité»; tandis que les échanges qui ne s'incorporent pas au marché comprennent l'énorme spectre de relations sociales qui impliquent des interactions et des échanges matériels, affectifs, intellectuels, mais où sont absents les éléments précédents; autrement dit, au-delà du fait que l'on ne vérifie pas les hypothèses de la nomenclature et de la parfaite prévisibilité, les relations ne sont pas ajustées par le système de prix et (possiblement) sont caractérisées par des contacts affectifs ; un cas important d'échange non commercial c'est celui de l'aubaine. Pour illustrer ces différences diverses, on présente le cas des systèmes de don d'organes, où l'on souligne l'impropriété d'assimiler les échanges « tout court » aux relations commerciales.
3
Piccoli, Vanessa. "Plurilinguisme, multimodalité et compétence d’interaction : parler de nombres dans des interactions commerciales entre locuteurs de langues romanes." SHS Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184601020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En adoptant une approche conversationnaliste, cette contribution étudie comment les participants parlent de prix et d’autres quantités numériques exactes lors de rencontres commerciales entre des locuteurs de langues romanes. Par le biais d’une analyse séquentielle et multimodale de données audiovisuelles d’interactions naturelles, cet article montre que, quand ils parlent de nombres, les participants utilisent une variété spécialement large de pratiques pour atteindre l’intercompréhension : des gestes, à la mobilisation de supports écrits, au recours à d’autres langues. Faisant ainsi, ils montrent leur créativité, leur flexibilité et leur conscience par rapport au contexte de communication. Nous considérons ainsi ces pratiques plurilingues et multimodales comme des marques d’une compétence d’interaction plurilingue.
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De Girolamo, Debbie. "(2012) 30 Windsor Y B Access Just 103 A VIEW FROM WITHIN: RECONCEPTUALIZING MEDIATOR INTERACTIONS." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 30, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v30i2.4371.
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This paper explores mediator interactions from within the mediation process. It is difficult to obtain access to mediations due to issues of confidentiality and litigation privilege, thus restricting direct empirical research. During a yearlong ethnographic study during which the author was a participant-observer of a number of commercial mediations, the nature of mediations was explored from an independent observational perspective – separate from the process yet within the process. In this study, real life patterns of interactions are examined through case study analysis. It offers a reconceptualization of the nature of mediator interventions, one that moves beyond the accepted understanding of third party intervention. It suggests that the mediator has a fugitive identity in mediation, reflecting a traditional neutral third party intervener role, a party role and an adviser role.Dans le présent document, l‟auteure explore les interactions des médiateurs dans le cadre du processus de médiation. Il est difficile d‟obtenir l‟accès aux séances de médiation en raison du secret professionnel et du privilège relatif au litige, et cette difficulté limite la recherche empirique directe. Au cours d‟une étude ethnographique qui s‟est déroulée sur une année et à laquelle l‟auteure a participé comme observatrice d‟un certain nombre de médiations commerciales, la nature des médiations a été explorée d‟un point de vue observationnel indépendant – distinct du processus bien qu‟au sein du processus. Dans la présente étude, des situations réelles d‟interaction sont examinées au moyen de l‟analyse d‟études de cas. L‟auteure offre une reconceptualisation de la nature des interventions du médiateur, qui va au-delà de ce qui est reconnu comme l‟intervention d‟une tierce partie. Le médiateur aurait une identité fugace dans le processus de médiation, cette identité s‟expliquant par un rôle traditionnel de tiers intervenant neutre, un rôle de partie et un rôle de conseiller.
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Ayele, J., B. Fabre, and M. Mazet. "Influence de l'origine et de la nature des substances humiques sur l'adsorption de l'atrazine sur charbon actif en poudre." Revue des sciences de l'eau 6, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705181ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les essais d'adsorption sur charbon actif en poudre, de sept acides humiques (H) ou fulviques (F) et pour trois pH (5,6 ; 7,0 ; 8,8) marquent que ces acides ont un comportement différent suivant leur origine. Lorsque le pH de la suspension de charbon est basique, l'adsorption des différentes fractions humiques diminue, ce qui est en relation avec l'augmentation de leur solubilité. Pour un même pH de la suspension, les acides humiques et fulviques d'origine aqueuse s'adsorbent mieux que ceux d'origine commerciale ou que ceux extraits de sol. La capacité maximale d'adsorption de l'atrazine sur charbon actif en poudre : 260 mg.g-1 (Langmuir), est plus fortement diminuée en présence d'acides fulviques que d'acides humiques d'une part, et plus inhibée (jusqu'à 40 %) par les acides fulviques extraits d'eau (F1, F2) que par ceux extraits de sol (F3) d'autre part. Par contre, les acides humiques provenant de substances commerciales (H4, H5) influencent moins l'adsorption de l'atrazine. L'ensemble des essais montre que l'origine et la nature des substances humiques joue un rôle prépondérant sur l'adsorption de l'atrazine sur charbon actif, le pH ayant une influence limitée. Enfin l'étude de l'influence de l'atrazine sur l'adsorption des substances humiques sur charbon actif en poudre indique également une différence de comportement entre les acides fulviques, pour lesquels on note peu de variation, et les acides humiques, pour lesquels on note à la fois une promotion de l'adsorption et une meilleure affinité d'adsorption sur le charbon actif en poudre en présence d'atrazine. Ce travail met en évidence l'importance du choix des substances humiques pour des essais d'évaluation des interactions substances humiques - pesticides lors de l'adsorption sur charbon actif en poudre.
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Terry, James P. "Erosion pavement formation and slope process interactions in commercial forest plantations, northern Portugal." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/40/1996/97.
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Johnson, David R. "A Differential Association Theory of Socialization to Commercialist Career Paths in Science." Science, Technology, & Human Values 45, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243919854514.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing on sixty-one in-depth interviews conducted with commercial and noncommercial scientists at four universities in the United States, this paper examines why academic scientists embrace commercially oriented career paths in higher education. A central goal of this paper is to expand our descriptive and conceptual understanding of socialization in the academic profession by examining the explanatory power of differential association theory. Differential association theory emphasizes how patterns of behavior are learned through a process of interaction with different types of individuals with varying ideas about the acceptability of a particular course of action. The results demonstrate that socialization to commercialism is an interactive learning process in which scientists learn definitions that are favorable to commercial career trajectories. Such learning is often necessary because prior socialization can either lead to unfavorable views of commercialization or shelter doctoral students from techniques of and rationales for commercialization.
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Stamou, Anastasia G. "Studying the interactional construction of identities in Critical Discourse Studies: A proposed analytical framework." Discourse & Society 29, no. 5 (April 20, 2018): 568–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926518770262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The field of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) needs to extend its analytical scope and cross-fertilize with interactional accounts of identity. One the one hand, there is a constant and reflexive re-crafting of identities in late modernity. On the other hand, interaction is considered to be the major lens through which such identities in flux are studied. To this aim, I propose an analytical framework based on a synthesis of well-established CDS analytical tools with interaction-oriented ones, which results in the formation of ‘discursive strategies of identity construction in interaction’. I put the proposed synthesis under a ‘multiperspectival’ research agenda, which involves the compilation of a ‘package’ based on different approaches, on the condition that the theoretical and epistemological assumptions of each approach are taken into account. By way of illustration, I briefly discuss fictional interactions from two Greek TV commercials for the representation of age identities. It is shown that fictional data, which involve represented identities in talk by institutional agents, could become one possible ‘meeting point’ of CDS with interaction-oriented discourse analytical strands.
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Hortensius, Ruud, Bishakha Chaudhury, Martin Hoffmann, and Emily Cross. "Tracking human interactions with a commercially-available robot over multiple days." Open Research Europe 2 (August 16, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14824.1.
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Background: As research examining human-robot interaction moves from the laboratory to the real world, studies seeking to examine how people interact with robots face the question of which robotic platform to employ to collect data in situ. To facilitate the study of a broad range of individuals, from children to clinical populations, across diverse environments, from homes to schools, a robust, reproducible, low-cost and easy-to-use robotic platform is needed. Methods: We describe how a commercially available off-the-shelf robot, Cozmo, can be used to study embodied human-robot interactions in a wide variety of settings, including the user’s home. We describe the steps required to use this affordable and flexible platform for longitudinal human-robot interaction studies. First, we outline the technical specifications and requirements of this platform and accessories. We then show how log files containing detailed data on the human-robot interaction can be collected and extracted. Finally, we detail the types of information that can be retrieved from these data. Results: We present findings from a validation that mapped the behavioural repertoire of the Cozmo robot and introduce an accompanying interactive emotion classification tool to use with this robot. This tool combined with the data extracted from the log files can provide the necessary details to understand the psychological consequences of long-term interactions. Conclusions: This low-cost robotic platform has the potential to provide the field with a variety of valuable new possibilities to study the social cognitive processes underlying human-robot interactions within and beyond the research laboratory, which are user-driven and unconstrained in both time and place.
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Cameron, N. D., and M. K. Curran. "Estimation of sire with feeding regime interaction in pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1987): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034619.
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Genetic improvement in commercially important traits of pigs produced under commercial conditions is generally achieved through selection of parents which are performance tested under special conditions. If pigs are performance tested in one environment and progeny tested in another environment, then the same animals may not be selected on the basis of the two tests, which would result in a genotype-environment interaction. The testing station and commercial unit often have feeding regime (ad-libitum, restricted or both) confounded with environment. This study estimated the genetic correlation between ad-libitum and restricted feeding in one environment for production traits to traits to determine the contribution 6T the genotype-feeding regime interaction to the genotype-environment interaction.
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Karsenty, Alain. "Is sustainable logging possible in Africa’s dense forest?" BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 336 (September 6, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2018.336.a31615.
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René Catinot, qui fut directeur des recherches forestières au CTFT (Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, qui deviendra le département Forêt du Cirad) et figure historique de la foresterie tropicale française, se posait cette question au début des années 1960. Dès leur arrivée en Afrique Tropicale, nous dit Catinot, « les Forestiers chargés de la gestion de la forêt dense ont cherché à la régénérer ». Les connaissances forestières de milieux tempérés sont insuffisantes face à des forêts qui comportent 200 à 300 espèces, mais qui contiennent nettement moins de bois qu’une forêt aménagée en zone tempérée. Un débat oppose alors les tenants d’une régénération naturelle à ceux de la régénération artificielle. Le problème de l’exploitation sélective tropicale, particulièrement en Afrique, est le faible taux de prélèvement qui limite l’arrivée de lumière au sol et empêche la germination nécessaire au renouvellement des espèces les plus appréciées commercialement, lesquelles sont souvent à tendance héliophile. Catinot est affirmatif « il ne faut pas compter sur la Nature seule pour la régénérer ». Les techniques sylvicoles s’emploient, dès lors, à favoriser ces espèces commerciales, soit en « stimulant la croissance des plants préexistants » (sylviculture utilisant la régénération naturelle), soit en « transplantant dans les forêts épuisées par l’exploitation des plants d’essences nobles préalablement produits en pépinière » (régénération artificielle). Le langage sur la « noblesse » des essences trahit les conceptions de l’époque. Le terme de « diversité biologique » n’apparaitra qu’en 1968 et il faudra encore quelques années pour comprendre que la biodiversité ne se limite pas à la somme des espèces, mais représente l'ensemble des interactions entre les êtres vivants. Que nous dit Catinot, qui exprime bien la pensée des forestiers tropicaux de l’époque ? La sylviculture utilisant la régénération naturelle, « c’est avant tout une destruction lente et prudente du couvert » en utilisant délianage, dégagement et empoisonnement des « espèces gênantes ». Quant à la régénération artificielle, « il faut bien détruire la forêt préexistante pour donner aux plants la lumière indispensable à leur croissance ». Ce langage serait inaudible aujourd’hui, à l’heure où l’on cherche à promouvoir « l’exploitation à faible impact » et où la certification Forest Stewardship Council « de bonne gestion forestière » (FSC) s’interroge sur la compatibilité de l’exploitation, même à faible impact, avec le maintien de « paysages forestiers intacts »...
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Wang, Qinshi, Yun Zhang, Xianli Zhang, Qi Li, Mingcong Huang, Shasha Huang, Qianlian Wu, et al. "A Study of the Mechanism and Separation of Structurally Similar Phenolic Acids by Commercial Polymeric Ultrafiltration Membranes." Membranes 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the behavior and penetration mechanisms of typical phenolic (benzoic) acids, which determine their observed penetration rates during membrane separation, focusing on the influence of electrostatic and hydrophobic solute/membrane interactions. To understand the effects of hydrophobicity and electrostatic interaction on membrane filtration, the observed penetration of five structurally similar phenolic acids was compared with regenerated cellulose (RC) and polyamide (PA) membranes at different solute concentrations and solution pHs. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) was performed to calculate the relative contributions of electrostatic and hydrophobic effects. The penetration of phenolic acids was mainly influenced by the electrostatic interaction, with salicylic acid having the highest penetration. Penetration of phenolic acids through the PA membrane decreased from 98% at pH 3.0 to 30–50% at pH 7.4, indicating the dominance of the electrostatic interaction. Moreover, based on its hydrophobicity and greater surface charge, the PA membrane could separate binary mixtures of protocatechuic/salicylic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic/salicylic acid at pH 9.0, with separation factors of 1.81 and 1.78, respectively. These results provide a greater understanding of solute/membrane interactions and their effect on the penetration of phenolic acids through polymeric ultrafiltration membranes.
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Whytock, Christopher A. "Private-Public Interaction in Global Governance: The Case of Transnational Commercial Arbitration." Business and Politics 12, no. 3 (October 2010): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scholars of international relations and global governance are increasingly interested in the transnational commercial arbitration system. So far, they have tended to characterize the system as a form of private global governance. However, using a combination of empirical and legal analysis, this article draws attention to the critical role of the state in the transnational commercial arbitration system, and shows that both rule-making and enforcement in the system depend largely on interactions between private and public actors. By treating arbitration as a form of private governance, scholars run the risk of obscuring these interactions and hindering their understanding of how transnational economic activity is governed. This article therefore argues for a modest reorientation of global governance scholarship on transnational commercial arbitration in a direction that focuses more closely on private-public interaction. More broadly, this article suggests that understanding interactions between private and public actors is a key to understanding global governance in general, and it raises doubts about the analytical desirability of a sharp distinction between private and public forms of global governance.
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Merks, J. W. M., and P. G. M. Van Kemenade. "Genotype × environment interactions in pig breeding programmes. V. Genetic parameters and sire × herd interaction in commercial fattening." Livestock Production Science 22, no. 1 (May 1989): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(89)90127-9.
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Shang, Ke-Ke, Wei-Sheng Yan, and Xiao-Ke Xu. "Limitation of degree information for analyzing the interaction evolution in online social networks." International Journal of Modern Physics C 25, no. 10 (September 11, 2014): 1450056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114500569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previously many studies on online social networks simply analyze the static topology in which the friend relationship once established, then the links and nodes will not disappear, but this kind of static topology may not accurately reflect temporal interactions on online social services. In this study, we define four types of users and interactions in the interaction (dynamic) network. We found that active, disappeared, new and super nodes (users) have obviously different strength distribution properties and this result also can be revealed by the degree characteristics of the unweighted interaction and friendship (static) networks. However, the active, disappeared, new and super links (interactions) only can be reflected by the strength distribution in the weighted interaction network. This result indicates the limitation of the static topology data on analyzing social network evolutions. In addition, our study uncovers the approximately stable statistics for the dynamic social network in which there are a large variation for users and interaction intensity. Our findings not only verify the correctness of our definitions, but also helped to study the customer churn and evaluate the commercial value of valuable customers in online social networks.
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Hill, Steph. "Commercial interactions in a time of distrust." New Media & Society 20, no. 12 (August 16, 2018): 4826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818793423.
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Nair-Venugopal, Shanta. "An interactional model of English in Malaysia." Asian Business Discourse(s) Part II 16, no. 1 (May 11, 2006): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.16.1.04nai.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article argues for an interactional model of English as contextualised language use for localised business purposes. Two observations on the ground provided the impetus for the argument. One, that business communication skills training in English in Malaysia is invariably based on the prescribed usage of commercially produced materials. Two, that communication skills training in English is a lucrative model-dependent industry that supports the logic of the triumphalism of specific models of English as an international or global language (Smith 1983; Crystal 1997), or as the language of international capitalism. Yet a functional model of interaction operates actual workplace settings in Malaysia. Such evidence counters marketing mythologies of purportedly universal forms of language use in business contexts worldwide. It exposes the dichotomy that exists between the prescribed patterns of English usage such as those found in the plethora of commercially produced materials, and those of contextualised language use, as business discourse in real-time workplace interactions. Not least of all, it provides support for an indigenous model as an appropriate response to a pervasive global ideology at work. To ignore this phenomenon is to deny the pragmatic relevance of speaking English as one of the languages of localised business which is just as vital for national economies as the big business of international capitalism.
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Paddock, Kyle, Christelle Robert, Matthias Erb, and Bruce Hibbard. "Western Corn Rootworm, Plant and Microbe Interactions: A Review and Prospects for New Management Tools." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is resistant to four separate classes of traditional insecticides, all Bacillius thuringiensis (Bt) toxins currently registered for commercial use, crop rotation, innate plant resistance factors, and even double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential genes via environmental RNA interference (RNAi), which has not been sold commercially to date. Clearly, additional tools are needed as management options. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge about biotic factors influencing herbivore success, including host location and recognition, plant defensive traits, plant-microbe interactions, and herbivore-pathogens/predator interactions. We then translate this knowledge into potential new management tools and improved biological control.
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Fox, CH, C. Robertson, PD O’Hara, R. Tadey, and KH Morgan. "Spatial assessment of albatrosses, commercial fisheries, and bycatch incidents on Canada’s Pacific coast." Marine Ecology Progress Series 672 (August 19, 2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fisheries bycatch mortality poses a primary threat to the majority of the world’s 22 albatross species, 15 of which are at risk of extinction. Although quantitative estimates of albatross bycatch are often unavailable due to a relative or total absence of monitoring, spatial overlap between fisheries and albatrosses is often used to estimate the extent of interaction, a proxy for exposure to bycatch, and to inform avoidance and mitigation actions. Using comprehensive records of commercial demersal longline and trap fishing and survey information for albatrosses (black-footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes, Laysan albatross P. immutabilis, short-tailed albatross P. albatrus), the extent of spatial potential interaction was estimated in Canada’s Pacific coast waters and examined across breeding and non-breeding seasons. The distributions of albatrosses and longline and trap fisheries were found to substantially overlap, with potential interaction hotspots concentrated along the continental shelf break. Trap fisheries reported 1 albatross bycatch incident, suggesting that these fisheries are responsible for negligible albatross mortalities. In contrast, >80% of recorded albatross bycatch incidents occurred within 10 km of albatross-longline fisheries hotspot locations, providing evidence that longline-albatross potential interaction hotspots represent actual areas of elevated bycatch mortality risk. Indicative of potential conservation concern, 60% of short-tailed albatross sightings occurred within 10 km, and 93% within 30 km, of longline-albatross potential interaction hotspots. By contributing knowledge regarding albatross-fisheries interactions, in addition to undertaking the first evaluation of albatross-fisheries hotspots with recorded bycatch incidents on Canada’s Pacific coast, this study represents a step towards enhancing albatross conservation through bycatch avoidance and mitigation.
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Sondeno, Bennett J., and Karen L. Panter*. "Effects of Media and Mycorrhizal Inoculants on Osha (Ligusticum porteri) Rooting." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 860C—860. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.860c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Osha (Ligusticum porteri) is a Rocky Mountain native used as a medicinal herb. Studies are underway to commercially propagate and produce the plant. In an attempt to increase rooting success of crown cuttings taken from osha, five different media were used in conjunction with three commercial mycorrhizal inoculants and a control. Field soil and a pre-mixed commercial product were tested in combinations of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 percent by volume. Each of three commercially-available mycorrhyzal inoculants were tested with each media. Crown cuttings of osha were taken and stuck on 29 Aug. 2003 and were placed on a greenhouse mist bench. Data were taken on days to rooting. Results showed no differences among the media or the inoculants and no interactions were present. There was no benefit in decreased days to rooting with additions of mycorrhizae. There were no responses to different media.
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Ostos, Francisco José, José Antonio Lebrón, María Luisa Moyá, Eva Bernal, Ana Flores, Cristian Lépori, Ángeles Maestre, Francisco Sánchez, Pilar López-Cornejo, and Manuel López-López. "Potentiometric Study of Carbon Nanotube/Surfactant Interactions by Ion-Selective Electrodes. Driving Forces in the Adsorption and Dispersion Processes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020826.
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The interaction (adsorption process) of commercial ionic surfactants with non-functionalized and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been studied by potentiometric measurements based on the use of ion-selective electrodes. The goal of this work was to investigate the role of the CNTs’ charge and structure in the CNT/surfactant interactions. Non-functionalized single- (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and amine functionalized SWCNT were used. The influence of the surfactant architecture on the CNT/surfactant interactions was also studied. Surfactants with different charge and hydrophobic tail length (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), octyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (OTAB), dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DoTAB) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)) were studied. According to the results, the adsorption process shows a cooperative character, with the hydrophobic interaction contribution playing a key role. This is made evident by the correlation between the free surfactant concentration (at a fixed [CNT]) and the critical micellar concentration, cmc, found for all the CNTs and surfactants investigated. The electrostatic interactions mainly determine the CNT dispersion, although hydrophobic interactions also contribute to this process.
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Yakobi, Khulekani. "An empirical investigation of banks employees’ interactions and workflow influence during social media advent: a case study of two commercial banks." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 4 (December 9, 2016): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(4).2016.09.
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The primary aim of this study is to investigate commercial banks employee’s interactions in the advent and eminence of social media, thus, depict the major influence which is made by social media in two commercial banks (ABSA and Standard Bank) workflow. This study has employed a quantitative research approach whereby structured questionnaires were distributed respectively to two commercial banks’ employees. A self-developed and administered questionnaire was distributed to a population size of 194 employees with 102 returned and completed successfully, thereby generating a response rate of 53%. Findings in this study revealed the extent to which social media has changed workflow in commercial banks (54% agree, 23% were undecided, and 24% disagreed). Among other major findings that this study reflected, social media among commercial banks employees’ has totally transformed channels of communication (60% agreed, 25% were undecided, and 24% disagreed). Despite the positive advancements revealed in this study, social media has not allowed openness of emotions among commercial banks employees’ (49% agreed, 28% were undecided, and 24% disagreed). This study is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge, as there is a paucity of published studies on commercial banks employee’s interactions in the advent of social media. This study will also help the bank managers to intensify online team management and supervision. Keywords: collaboration, communications, employees’ emotions, human interaction, supervision, team management. JEL Classification: G21, M30, M54
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Paris, Marjolaine. "Activité commerciale et violence au Nigeria : des interactions complexes." Hérodote 159, no. 4 (2015): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/her.159.0126.
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Feng, Kuo, Levent Altinay, and Hossein Olya. "Social well-being and transformative service research: evidence from China." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 735–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-10-2018-0294.
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Purpose This empirical study aims to investigate the influence of socially supportive services provided by commercial senior living services on older customers’ social well-being. This study seeks to test the moderating role of social connectedness on the above associations. It explores necessary conditions and causal recipes from the combination of interactions and social connectedness to predict customers’ social well-being. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 190 older customers residing in commercial senior living services in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenyang in China. The proposed structural and configurational models were tested using structural equation modelling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Findings The results of the model testing illustrate that peers have no influence on the social well-being of older customers. However, positive interactions with employees and outsiders are supportive resources that increase older customers’ social well-being. Social connectedness moderates the relationship between interaction with peers and the social well-being of customers. fsQCA results revealed that complex combinations of interactions and social connectedness predict social well-being. Interactions with employees, peers and outsiders appeared as necessary conditions to achieve social well-being. Originality/value This study provides evidence for how commercial senior living services can serve as a space to exchange socially supportive resources with employees and outsiders, which enhance older customers’ social well-being.
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Zamrudi, Zakky. "PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KEPERCAYAAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP MINAT PEMBELIAN SECARA ONLINE." Al-KALAM JURNAL KOMUNIKASI, BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN 4, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/al-kalam.v4i2.972.
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Technological developments are very rapid nowadays and make it easier for people to communicate, which one of them is social network sites. The benefit of this platform is the ease to disseminate information both for commercial and communication purposes. This study aims to determine the interaction between users of instagram as one of the largest of social interaction provider nowadaysparticularly on the brand image and their trust in buying intention. The study involved 99 randomly selected people. The results of this study indicate that there are significant interactions between variables either directly or indirectly.
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Sills, Gavin R., and James Nienhuis. "Field Plot Technique Affects Snap Bean Yield Evaluation." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 5 (September 1993): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.5.672.
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The interactive effects of genotypes, plant population densities, and harvest methods on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield evaluation were investigated using a split-split plot factorial arrangement of treatments at two locations Six snap bean processing cultivars were grown at 5.5, 11, and 22 plants/m2 and harvested either by machine or by hand. Each' of three commercial seed companies provided two cultivars, one of which was described as “good” and the other as “poor” for machine harvesting. Genotype × harvest method interactions were not significant for pod count, but were significant when yield was evaluated as pod weight. This latter interaction was explained by a single-degree-of-freedom contrast of genotypes × (“good” vs. “poor” harvestability). Genotype × density and genotype × density × location interactions were significant for both pod count and weight. The density × harvest method interaction was nonsignificant for both yield variables. These results suggest that breeders can evaluate yield of genotypes using either hand or machine harvest but should use plant population densities appropriate to commercial production. Optimum plot size for snap bean yield evaluations at these locations under the various conditions imposed were estimated.
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Campbell, Gwyn. "Editorial Introduction." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 1, no. 1 (September 29, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v1i1.24.
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The Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies (JIOWS) is a multidisciplinary, open access journal that accepts articles on all aspects of the history and culture of the Indian Ocean World (IOW) – a macro-region that runs from Africa to the Far East, and includes the Indian Ocean, Indonesian and China seas and their continental hinterlands.This inaugural issue focuses on various instances of interaction in the IOW. From commercial exchange between otherwise opposing commercial enterprises, to personal interactions between Europeans and peoples indigenous to the IOW, to the experiences and strategies of slaves, the issue explores various instances in which categories of “foreign” and “indigenous” come into alignment or conflict in historiography, colonial narratives, or commercial enterprises.
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Montesinos, Álvaro, Grant Thorp, Jérôme Grimplet, and María Rubio-Cabetas. "Phenotyping Almond Orchards for Architectural Traits Influenced by Rootstock Choice." Horticulturae 7, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7070159.
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The cropping potential of almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) cultivars is determined by their adaptation to edaphoclimatic and environmental conditions. The effects of scion–rootstock interactions on vigor have a decisive impact on this cropping success. Intensively planted orchards with smaller less vigorous trees present several potential benefits for increasing orchard profitability. While several studies have examined rootstock effects on tree vigor, it is less clear how rootstocks influence more specific aspects of tree architecture. The objective of this current study was to identify which architectural traits of commercially important scion cultivars are influenced by rootstock and which of these traits can be useful as descriptors of rootstock performance in breeding evaluations. To do this, 6 almond cultivars of commercial significance were grafted onto 5 hybrid rootstocks, resulting in 30 combinations that were measured after their second year of growth. We observed that rootstock choice mainly influenced branch production, but the effects were not consistent across the different scion–rootstock combinations evaluated. This lack of consistency in response highlights the importance of the unique interaction between each rootstock and its respective scion genotype.
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Santana-Garcon, Julia, Corey B. Wakefield, Stacey R. Dorman, Ainslie Denham, Stuart Blight, Brett W. Molony, and Stephen J. Newman. "Risk versus reward: interactions, depredation rates, and bycatch mitigation of dolphins in demersal fish trawls." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 12 (December 2018): 2233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0203.
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An improved understanding of interaction dynamics between dolphins and trawlers is essential for improving bycatch mitigation strategies. In-situ observations using video at increasing distances from the net opening during 50 commercial fish trawls, recorded 5908 common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821)) interactions and provided details on their duration, depredation rates, and behaviours. Dolphin interactions with trawls were very common (98% of day-trawls, 118 ± 16 interactions per trawl), with durations and prey consumption positively correlated with the distances ventured into the net. Acoustic deterrents (pingers) had no effect on interaction numbers or durations. Based on in-situ observations, the factors that contribute toward dolphin bycatch in demersal fish trawls were likely associated with (i) risky dolphin behaviour (i.e., entering net during hauling, residing deep within trawl for extended periods or social aggression) and (or) (ii) instability of fishing gear resulting in entrapment. Given the high level of dolphin attendance during most day-trawls, mitigation strategies that focus on improving and monitoring the stability of trawl gear would be more effective than current acoustic deterrent devices aimed at modifying dolphin behaviour.
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Stienessen, Sarah, Chris D. Wilson, and Anne B. Hallowed. "Interactions between commercial fishing and walleye pollock aggregations." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 5 (2002): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777840.
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Ujang, Norsidah, Marek Kozlowski, and Suhardi Maulan. "Linking place attachment and social interaction: towards meaningful public places." Journal of Place Management and Development 11, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-01-2017-0012.
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Purpose A public space is a place of significance when it fulfils the human need for social interaction and attachment. However, the scarcity of public spaces poses a challenge to support socialisation for people within a defined social and cultural group. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between place attachment and social interaction within public spaces in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face interviews with urban users were conducted to examine the users’ engagement in three main public spaces in the city and the significance of these spaces to everyday social interaction. Field observations were carried out to examine patterns of users’ activities and interactions. Findings The authors uncover a lack of multi-functional spaces to support diverse forms of interactions in the city. A street has an important function to generate activities. However, spaces for people to sit and stay remain scarce, and are in most cases consumed by extended commercial use and thus considered private. Opportunities for social interaction are very limited. The significance of the places relates strongly to commercial and tourism functions, and hence place attachment evolves around those activities. Participants associated their familiarity and engagement with interaction between familiar people, close ethnic relationships and business acquaintances. Practical implications The authors argue that more robust and socially responsive public spaces should be reclaimed for the culturally diverse users. Social implications Development of attachment through meaningful spaces for people to stay and interact could enhance the role of public spaces in the city. Originality/value By understanding the social meanings of places, particularly in a multi-cultural setting, a stronger basis for designing and managing urban places towards resiliency and social sustainability can be provided.
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Mgbeahuruike, Eunice Ego, Milla Stålnacke, Heikki Vuorela, and Yvonne Holm. "Antimicrobial and Synergistic Effects of Commercial Piperine and Piperlongumine in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials." Antibiotics 8, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8020055.
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Microbial resistance to currently available antibiotics is a public health problem in the fight against infectious diseases. Most antibiotics are characterized by numerous side effects that may be harmful to normal body cells. To improve the efficacy of these antibiotics and to find an alternative way to minimize the adverse effects associated with most conventional antibiotics, piperine and piperlongumine were screened in combination with conventional rifampicin, tetracycline, and itraconazole to evaluate their synergistic, additive, or antagonistic interactions against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was used to estimate the synergistic effects of various combination ratios of the piperamides and antibiotics against the bacterial and fungal strains. Both piperine and piperlongumine showed synergistic effects against S. aureus when combined at various ratios with rifampicin. Synergistic interaction was also observed with piperine in combination with tetracycline against S. aureus, while antagonistic interaction was recorded for piperlongumine and tetracycline against S. aureus. All the piperamide/antibacterial combinations tested against P. aeruginosa showed antagonistic effects, with the exception of piperine and rifampicin, which recorded synergistic interaction at a ratio of 9:1 rifampicin/piperine. No synergistic interaction was observed when the commercial compounds were combined with itraconazole and tested against C. albicans. The results showed that piperine and piperlongumine are capable of improving the effectiveness of rifampicin and tetracycline. Dosage combinations of these bioactive compounds with the antibiotics used may be a better option for the treatment of bacterial infections that aims to minimize the adverse effects associated with the use of these conventional antibacterial drugs.
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Dang, Thuy T., and Anh D. Pham. "What make banks’ front-line staff more customer oriented? The role of interactional justice." International Journal of Bank Marketing 38, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 777–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-09-2019-0321.
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PurposeWhile technological advances have been changing the way that services are delivered to customers, direct interaction between banks’ front-line staff and customers still holds its distinct position in the banking sector. This research investigates the relationship between interactional justice and the willingness of commercial banks’ front-line staff to engage in customer-centric behaviors, as well as the mediators behind this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis research combined both qualitative and quantitative research methods. In-depth interviews were employed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between interactional justice and customer-centric behavior and to develop the specific measurement scale for customer-centric behavior in the banking service context. A survey was conducted to test the conceptual model using a sample of 312 customer contact employees working in Vietnamese commercial banks.FindingsThe research results indicate that interactional justice significantly enhances employees’ willingness to engage in customer-centric behaviors, and this relationship is partially mediated by overall job satisfaction and the leader-member exchange relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThis research faces several limitations. The first limitation concerns the fact that the data are based on self-reports, which might lead to common method biases. Second, this study used a sample drawn from the North of Vietnam only. Third, this study adopted a limited set of measurement items due to the concerns of model parsimony and data collection efficiency. Fourth, we followed prior justice work to assume the linear relationship between interactional justice and leader-member exchange, in which the leader-member exchange is hypothesized to be the outcome of fair treatment (Erdogan and Liden, 2006; Masterson et al., 2000). Last, we only considered how leaders treat their followers through the lens of interactional justice, while interactional justice differentiation has also been affirmed as a crucial determinant of leader-member exchange and employees’ performance. Originality/valueThis research is noteworthy that it is the first to take a social exchange perspective to examine customer-oriented behavior as an outcome of interpersonal interactions in the workplace. Accordingly, it delivers a key message to bank supervisors: “Treat employees the way you want your customers to be treated.”
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Senior, D. J., P. R. Mayers, and J. N. Saddler. "The interaction of xylanases with commercial pulps." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37, no. 3 (February 5, 1991): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370310.
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Rajkumar, Damenraj, Rainer Künnemeyer, Harpreet Kaur, Jevon Longdell, and Andrew McGlone. "Interactions of Linearly Polarized and Unpolarized Light on Kiwifruit Using Aquaphotomics." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020494.
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Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an important tool for predicting the internal qualities of fruits. Using aquaphotomics, spectral changes between linearly polarized and unpolarized light were assessed on 200 commercially grown yellow-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Zesy002’). Measurements were performed on different configurations of unpeeled (intact) and peeled (cut) kiwifruit using a commercial handheld NIR instrument. Absorbance after applying standard normal variate (SNV) and second derivative Savitzky–Golay filters produced different spectral features for all configurations. An aquagram depicting all configurations suggests that linearly polarized light activated more free water states and unpolarized light activated more bound water states. At depth (≥1 mm), after several scattering events, all radiation is expected to be fully depolarized and interactions for incident polarized or unpolarized light will be similar, so any observed differences are attributable to the surface layers of the fruit. Aquagrams generated in terms of the fruit soluble solids content (SSC) were similar for all configurations, suggesting the SSC in fruit is not a contributing factor here.
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İş, Yusuf Serhat. "Elucidation of Ligand/Protein Interactions between BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase and Some Commercial Anticancer Drugs Via DFT Methods." Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry 20, no. 04 (June 2021): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s273741652150023x.
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In this study, the interactions of 7 commercially available BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitors with amino acids in the active site of the relevant enzyme were investigated quantum mechanically. Here a per-residue study was carried out. Interaction energies were calculated by using the coordinates of the critical residues in the binding site of the enzyme and the drug molecules docked in this region. DFT methods were used during the QM processes. All interaction energies were calculated via M06-2X functional and 6-31G (d,p) basis set in vacuum. Based on the results obtained, it was tried to be determined which of the important residues in the binding cavity of the enzyme could better interact with the examined ligands. It is thought that this study may contribute to the development of tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitors.
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Parvez, Mohammad K., and Vikas Rishi. "Herb-Drug Interactions and Hepatotoxicity." Current Drug Metabolism 20, no. 4 (June 11, 2019): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200220666190325141422.
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Background: In recent times, herbals or phytomedicines have become very popular due to their global acceptance as a complementary and alternative remedy. While modern drugs are commercially available only after laboratory validations, clinical trials, as well as approval from drug regulatory authorities, majority of the marketed herbal products lack such scientific evidence of efficacy and safety. This results in herb or herb-drug interaction induced unfavorable clinical outcomes without crucial documentation on their temporal relations and concomitant use. Methods: An online literature search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted on the PubMed, Europe PMC, Medline and Google Scholar portals, using the phrases: complementary & alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, herb-drug interaction, mechanisms of herb-drug interaction, herb-induced toxicity, herbal hepatotoxicity and causality, traditional medicine, viral hepatitis, etc. Results: The retrieved data showed that globally, patients are attracted to herbal remedies with the misconception that these are completely safe and therefore, use them simultaneously with prescription drugs. Notably, there exists a potential risk of herb-drug interactions leading to some adverse side effects, including hepatotoxicity. The toxicological effect of a drug or herb is due to the inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450), including interactions with certain prescription drugs through various mechanisms. Several cases of hepatotoxicity due to use of herbals in viral hepatitis-related liver diseases have been recently reported. However, limited experimental data and clinical evidence on herbal pharmacokinetics hamper the evaluation and reporting of adverse reactions and the underlying mechanisms. Conclusion: Herb-drug interaction related morbidity is thus an emerging serious public health issue with broad implications for clinicians, pharmaceutical industries and health authorities. Nonetheless, despite increasing recognition of herb-drug interaction, a standard system for interaction prediction and evaluation is still nonexistent. This review article discusses the herb-drug interactions related hepatotoxicity and underlying mechanisms, including drug metabolizing enzymes and their regulation.
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Ma, Chun-Min, and Xin-Huai Zhao. "Depicting the Non-Covalent Interaction of Whey Proteins with Galangin or Genistein Using the Multi-Spectroscopic Techniques and Molecular Docking." Foods 8, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090360.
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The non-covalent interactions between a commercial whey protein isolate (WPI) and two bioactive polyphenols galangin and genistein were studied at pH 6.8 via the multi-spectroscopic assays and molecular docking. When forming these WPI-polyphenol complexes, whey proteins had changed secondary structures while hydrophobic interaction was the major driving force. Detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate destroyed the hydrophobic interaction and thus decreased apparent binding constants of the WPI-polyphenol interactions. Urea led to hydrogen-bonds breakage and protein unfolding, and therefore increased apparent binding constants. Based on the measured apparent thermodynamic parameters like ΔH, ΔS, ΔG, and donor-acceptor distance, galangin with more planar stereochemical structure and random B-ring rotation showed higher affinity for WPI than genistein with location isomerism and twisted stereochemical structure. The molecular docking results disclosed that β-lactoglobulin of higher average hydrophobicity had better affinity for the two polyphenols than α-lactalbumin of lower average hydrophobicity while β-lactoglobulin possessed very similar binding sites to the two polyphenols. It is concluded that polyphenols might have different non-covalent interactions with food proteins, depending on the crucial polyphenol structures and protein hydrophobicity.
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Ramirez Gomez, Argenis, and Michael Lankes. "Eyesthetics." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CHI PLAY (October 5, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474686.
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Gaze interaction has been growing fast as a compelling tool for control and immersion for gameplay. Here, we present a conceptual framework focusing on the aesthetic player experience and the potential interpretation (meaning) players could give to playing with gaze interaction capabilities. The framework is illustrated by a survey of state of the art research-based and commercial games. We complement existing frameworks by reflecting on gaze interaction in games as the attention relationship between the player (the subject) and the game (the object) with four dimensions: Identity; Mapping; Attention; and Direction. The framework serves as a design and inquiry toolbox to analyse and communicate gaze mechanics in games, reflect on the complexity of gaze interaction, and formulate new research questions. We visualise the resulting design space, highlighting future opportunities for gaze interaction design and HCI gaze research through the framework's lens. We deem, this novel approach advocates for the design of gaze-based interactions revealing the richness of gaze input in future meaningful game experiences.
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Patin, Rémi, Lauren A. Rogers, and Jan Ohlberger. "Using a state-space population model to detect age-dependent species interactions." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 5 (May 2016): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0004.
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Models that incorporate species interactions and their effects on the dynamics of commercially important fish stocks are needed to better understand the importance of ecological interactions and to facilitate sustainable fisheries. We developed a dynamic age-structured population model for the Northeast Arctic stock of Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) based on scientific survey and commercial landings data. Our goal was to investigate climate effects and ecological interactions within the haddock food web. A Bayesian state-space framework was used to separate information from ecological noise and observation error. Our results indicate significant impacts of species interactions on haddock dynamics. Haddock survival was associated with biomass indices of cod (Gadus morhua) (negative effect) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) (positive effect). The latter may reflect lower predation by predators such as marine mammals at high capelin biomass. We further detect weak density dependence in the survival of young haddock and a convex relationship between haddock abundance and the scientific survey indices. Our findings highlight the importance of considering natural resources as part of an ecosystem with its diverse interactions both within and between species. This study shows that it is possible to detect ecological interactions with a population model based on noisy data.
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Dowd, Daniel, Gabriela Williams, David Krause, Stephen Clarke, Eric Crumbaugh, Jeffrey Botbyl, and Stephen R. Saklad. "Predicting Potential Drug-Drug-Gene Interactions in a Population of Individuals Utilizing a Community-Based Pharmacy." CNS Spectrums 27, no. 2 (April 2022): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852922000372.
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AbstractIntroductionAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. Drug interactions (DDIs) are among the most common causes of ADRs, and estimates have cited that up to 22% of patients take interacting medications. DDIs are often due to the propensity for agents to induce or inhibit enzymes responsible for the metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs. However, this phenomenon is further complicated by genetic variants of such enzymes. The aim of this study is to quantify and describe potential drug-drug, drug-gene, and drug-drug-gene interactions in a community-based patient population.MethodsA regional pharmacy with retail outlets in Arkansas provided deidentified prescription data from March 2020 for 4761 individuals. Drug-drug and drug-drug-gene interactions were assessed utilizing the logic incorporated into GenMedPro, a commercially available digital gene-drug interaction software program that incorporates variants of 9 pharmacokinetic (PK) and 2 pharmacodynamic (PD) genes to evaluate DDIs and drug-gene interactions. The data were first assessed for composite drug-drug interaction risk, and each individual was stratified to a risk category using the logic incorporated in GenMedPro. To calculate the frequency of potential drug-gene interactions, genotypes were imputed and allocated to the cohort according to each gene’s frequency in the general population. Potential genotypes were randomly allocated to the population 100 times in a Monte Carlo simulation. Potential drug-drug, gene-drug, or gene-drug-drug interaction risk was characterized as minor, moderate, or major.ResultsBased on prescription data only, the probability of a DDI of any impact (mild, moderate, or major) was 26% [95% CI: 0.248-0.272] in the population. This probability increased to 49.6% [95% CI: 0.484-0.507] when simulated genetic polymorphisms were additionally assessed. When assessing only major impact interactions, there was a 7.8% [95% CI: 0.070-0.085] probability of drug-drug interactions and 10.1% [95% CI: 0.095-0.108] probability with the addition of genetic contributions. The probability of drug-drug-gene interactions of any impact was correlated with the number of prescribed medications, with an approximate probability of 77%, 85%, and 94% in patients prescribed 5, 6, or 7+ medications, respectively. When stratified by specific drug class, antidepressants (19.5%), antiemetics (21.4%), analgesics (16%), antipsychotics (15.6%), and antiparasitics (49.7%) had the highest probability of major drug-drug-gene interaction.ConclusionsIn a community-based population of outpatients, the probability of drug-drug interaction risk increases when genetic polymorphisms are attributed to the population. These data suggest that pharmacogenetic testing may be useful in predicting drug interactions, drug-gene interactions, and severity of interactions when proactively evaluating patient medication profiles.FundingGenomind, Inc.
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Smith, Graham. "Poly[μ-aqua-μ5-[2-(2,3,6-trichlorophenyl)acetato]-caesium]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, № 12 (6 листопада 2013): m628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813029395.
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In the structure of the title complex, [Cs(C8H4Cl3O2)(H2O)]n, the caesium salt of the commercial herbicide fenac [(2,3,6-trichlorophenyl)acetic acid], the irregular eight-coordination about Cs+comprises a bidentateO:Cl-chelate interaction involving a carboxylate-O atom and anortho-related ring-substituted Cl atom, which is also bridging, a triple-bridging carboxylate-O atom and a bridging water molecule. A two-dimensional polymer is generated, lying parallel to (100), within which there are water–carboxylate O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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Li, Jie, and Matteo Convertino. "Temperature increase drives critical slowing down of fish ecosystems." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 20, 2021): e0246222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246222.
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Fish ecosystems perform ecological functions that are critically important for the sustainability of marine ecosystems, such as global food security and carbon stock. During the 21st century, significant global warming caused by climate change has created pressing challenges for fish ecosystems that threaten species existence and global ecosystem health. Here, we study a coastal fish community in Maizuru Bay, Japan, and investigate the relationships between fluctuations of ST, abundance-based species interactions and salient fish biodiversity. Observations show that a local 20% increase in temperature from 2002 to 2014 underpins a long-term reduction in fish diversity (∼25%) played out by some native and invasive species (e.g. Chinese wrasse) becoming exceedingly abundant; this causes a large decay in commercially valuable species (e.g. Japanese anchovy) coupled to an increase in ecological productivity. The fish community is analyzed considering five temperature ranges to understand its atemporal seasonal sensitivity to ST changes, and long-term trends. An optimal information flow model is used to reconstruct species interaction networks that emerge as topologically different for distinct temperature ranges and species dynamics. Networks for low temperatures are more scale-free compared to ones for intermediate (15-20°C) temperatures in which the fish ecosystem experiences a first-order phase transition in interactions from locally stable to metastable and globally unstable for high temperatures states as suggested by abundance-spectrum transitions. The dynamic dominant eigenvalue of species interactions shows increasing instability for competitive species (spiking in summer due to intermediate-season critical transitions) leading to enhanced community variability and critical slowing down despite higher time-point resilience. Native competitive species whose abundance is distributed more exponentially have the highest total directed interactions and are keystone species (e.g. Wrasse and Horse mackerel) for the most salient links with cooperative decaying species. Competitive species, with higher eco-climatic memory and synchronization, are the most affected by temperature and play an important role in maintaining fish ecosystem stability via multitrophic cascades (via cooperative-competitive species imbalance), and as bioindicators of change. More climate-fitted species follow temperature increase causing larger divergence divergence between competitive and cooperative species. Decreasing dominant eigenvalues and lower relative network optimality for warmer oceans indicate fishery more attracted toward persistent oscillatory states, yet unpredictable, with lower cooperation, diversity and fish stock despite the increase in community abundance due to non-commercial and venomous species. We emphasize how changes in species interaction organization, primarily affected by temperature fluctuations, are the backbone of biodiversity dynamics and yet for functional diversity in contrast to taxonomic richness. Abundance and richness manifest gradual shifts while interactions show sudden shift. The work provides data-driven tools for analyzing and monitoring fish ecosystems under the pressure of global warming or other stressors. Abundance and interaction patterns derived by network-based analyses proved useful to assess ecosystem susceptibility and effective change, and formulate predictive dynamic information for science-based fishery policy aimed to maintain marine ecosystems stable and sustainable.
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Hartus, Timo, and Patrick A. C. Gane. "Relating ink solvent-coating component thermal properties to smearing and development of abrasion resistance in ink jet printing." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-01-p063-078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The target of this study was to identify the interactions of the compounds of printing ink and paper coating colour and their effects on the inkjet print quality. Interactions between inkjet ink solvent components and their interaction with paper coating compounds are considered significant for the final print quality. Especially, ink solvent properties play an important role in inkjet ink drying. The methods used to study these interactions are thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and results are analysed for correlations with print quality. The experimental material consists of both commercial and model inkjet inks, paper coating colour compounds and commercial papers. To visualize the thermal data and to combine the TGA and DSC measurements in a single plot, a representation has been used, in which the specific gravimetric (TGA) and specific energy (DSC) ratios, m1/m2 and E1/E2, corresponding to the mass loss and energy consumed per unit mass of sample, in the temperature regions T < 100°C and 100°C < T < 220°C, respectively, are plotted against each other. The determined ratios differed greatly between different model solvents and ink series. The thermal behaviour of the solvents is seen to be relevant for predicting inkjet print quality.
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Shwiff, S. A., J. C. Carlson, J. H. Glass, J. Suckow, M. S. Lowney, K. M. Moxcey, B. Larson, and G. M. Linz. "Producer survey of bird-livestock interactions in commercial dairies." Journal of Dairy Science 95, no. 11 (November 2012): 6820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-5216.
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Gopinath, Subash C. B. "Regeneration of commercial Biacore chips to analyze biomolecular interactions." Optical Engineering 50, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 034402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3554392.
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Guo, Y., T. B. Britton, and A. J. Wilkinson. "Slip band–grain boundary interactions in commercial-purity titanium." Acta Materialia 76 (September 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.05.015.
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Layton, Charles F., Philip J. Smith, C. Elaine McCoy, and Thomas E. Bihari. "An Empirical Evaluation of Tools to Aid in Enroute Flight Planning." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 1 (October 1992): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203600124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After a number of background studies (including surveys, a simulator study, and interviews with commercial air traffic controllers, dispatchers, and pilots), several design concepts have been developed to guide in the design of tools to aid in enroute flight planning activities. Alternative versions of these tools have been implemented in the Flight Planning Testbed (FPT), a part-task simulation environment for studying interactions with flight planning tools. This testbed, which runs on a Macintosh IIfx, presents scenarios and records all interaction with the operators. Thirty commercial airline pilots participated in a between-subjects experiment involving three alternative system designs and four flight planning scenarios. The results provide some very interesting insights into planning strategies and the effects of cognitive tools on those strategies.
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Malvini Redden, Shawna. "How Lines Organize Compulsory Interaction, Emotion Management, and “Emotional Taxes”." Management Communication Quarterly 27, no. 1 (September 5, 2012): 121–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318912458213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Everyday nearly two million people use commercial air transportation in the United States. To fly, each passenger must perform a unique type of emotion management that may impact their entire travel experience. Using ethnographic observation and interviews, this project explores how airport structures—security queues in particular—serve to cue emotional responses for passengers and shape interactions with others. Specifically highlighted are the reflexive nature of emotions, how emotions “travel” among people and through contexts to influence communication, and the consequences of emotion management for individuals and organizations. In examining compulsory interactions between passengers and employees, the study forwards a new emotion management construct specific to customers—“emotional taxes” or the emotional performances customers must “pay” to negotiate a compulsory interaction.
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Nadri, Ghulam. "Exploring the Gulf of Kachh: Regional Economy and Trade in the Eighteenth Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 51, no. 3 (2008): 460–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852008x317789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper explores the economic dynamics of the Gulf of Kachh littoral in the eighteenth century. First, the region's production and trade potential is foregrounded by examining the scale and scope of its major products—cotton and textiles—and by tracking the inland and overseas commercial networks. The politico-economic crisis in Gujarat and the ensuing relocation of merchants and manufacturers combined with the rise of the Omani commercial empire served as the context for the mid-century expansion in the commerce of the Gulf of Kachh. Second, the development of the Dutch commercial interaction with this region will be analyzed from the perspective of the Dutch East India Company's trade at Surat in connection with the growing English influence in the Arabian Sea. Cette contribution explore deux principaux aspects de la vitalité économique du littoral du Golfe de Cutch au dix-huitième siècle. Premièrement, le potentiel de production et de commerce de la région est souligné en examinant l'importance et l'éventail des produits principaux échangés, notamment des cotons et des tissus, et en suivant les réseaux d'échanges terrestres et maritimes La crise socio-économique qui frappe le Gujarat au début de ce siècle et le déplacement des marchands et manufacturiers qui en découle, mais également la montée de la puissance commerciale omanaise, permettent en effet l'essor commercial du Golfe de Cutch au milieu du siècle. Deuxièmement, le développement de l'interaction commerciale entre cette région et la Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes orientales est relevé. La présence de cette compagnie au Golfe est mise en perspective avec ses activités à Surat et l'influence anglaise grandissante en mer d'Arabie.