Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Instrumentalization of trial"

The article is a discussion of the issue of abuse of procedural rights in the criminal process. Its aim is to systematize considerations and to enrich the discussion taking place in the doctrine of basic issues concerning instrumentalization. Using the method of theoretical-legal analysis a terminological distinction is indicated and the question of what is the abuse of procedural law in a criminal trial is referred to. Using the method of dogmatic-legal analysis, an analysis of individual provisions was carried out, reading the norms expressed by them and pointing to the risks associated with their instrumentalization. At the same time, the research also drew attention to the examples of abuse of procedural law in the criminal process, wrongly indicated in the doctrine. Moreover, the topic of the legal basis for the introduction of the institution of abuse of procedural law on the grounds of the criminal trial has been addressed, signalling at the end a certain possible interpretation.

The use of Colombian-authored EFL textbooks as subalternation instruments, the instrumentalization of grammar and foreign methodologies, and the imperialism of a profit-driven publishing industry perpetuates colonial links. This article reports a critical content analysis of six Colombian-authored EFL textbooks from local and foreign publishers. It was framed within a sociocritical paradigm, which included interviews with four authors, six teachers, and two editors. Findings reveal three triads of decolonial criteria: (a) The triad of ontological criteria unsettles the reproduction of foreign beliefs, behaviours, values, and ideologies; (b) the triad of epistemological criteria subverts North and West dominant knowledge and culture, and (c) the triad of power criteria withstands globalised and neoliberal discourses imposed through teaching methods, curricula, materials, testing, training, and standardised English varieties. The findings also indicate that there are still colonial traces in the representation of gender, races, sexual orientations, capacities, and social classes. Thus, developing efl materials from a decolonial perspective contests the commercial, standardised, and colonised textbooks to build contextualised and decolonised efl materials otherwise that are sensitive to cultural diversity. This academic endeavour exhorts teachers to assume a critical stance towards EFL materials content, learning activities and strategies, underpinning language pedagogies, iconography, language policy, and assessment practices, and to exert their agency to contest hegemony and recreate situated EFL pedagogical practices.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational manual in the instrumentalization of companions to provide support to the parturients and check its influence on the satisfaction of companions and women during vaginal delivery. Method: pilot study of a randomized controlled clinical trial with 65 companions and puerperal women (intervention = 21 and control = 44). The previous knowledge of the companions was evaluated at baseline. The Evaluation Form for Companions in the Delivery Room was used to measure the actions provided and the satisfaction with the experience, and the Questionnaire for Evaluation of the Experience and Satisfaction of Puerperal Women with Labor and Delivery was used to evaluate the satisfaction of women with childbirth. The Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon, chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used. Results: the companions in the intervention group performed a greater number of support actions (7.2 vs 4.6, p: 0.001) and had higher satisfaction scores (72.4 vs 64.2; p = 0.00). Puerperal women in the intervention group had higher satisfaction with childbirth (119.6 vs 107.9; p: 0.000). Conclusion: the manual was effective for the instrumentalization of companions, contributed to support actions to the parturients and had repercussions on the satisfaction of companions and women with the birthing process. RBR-776d9s

Si le terme de stratégie n’est que peu accolé au domaine juridique, les stratégies visant à utiliser le droit à son avantage ont toujours existé. Afin de mettre en lumière ce phénomène, ce travail de thèse s’est penché plus spécifiquement sur les stratégies qui s’initient autour d’un point d’ancrage qui est le procès : les stratégies contentieuses. Le postulat de départ était celui de l’importance primordiale de la connaissance des règles et du cadre pour naviguer efficacement vers une issue favorable. Les règles sont ici entendues dans un sens large qui comprend les règles juridiques des États membres et de l’Union, la jurisprudence de leurs cours de justice, mais aussi tout le contexte économique, politique, sociale et culturelle entourant les parties et leur litige.La pratique contentieuse stratégique dans l’espace européen méritait alors de revenir en détails sur les différents acteurs intervenant au cours de la stratégie (parties, juges nationaux, juges européens) mais aussi sur l’histoire et l’évolution de l’Union européenne et de son droit.Cette recherche de connaissance des règles, nous a également amené à revenir sur le cadre conceptuel et les réalisations concrètes s’agissant de la compétence juridictionnelle dans l’Union européenne, pour mettre en lumière un système complexe gravitant autour du règlement Bruxelles 1bis et d’une Cour de justice de l’Union, actrice et promotrice de l’intégration européenne. Cependant, l’élaboration de stratégies ne s’arrête pas à la compréhension des règles, mais exige leur anticipation et leur adaptation à des réalités changeantes. Le choix du tribunal devient alors une manœuvre stratégique, guidée à la fois par des critères objectifs et subjectifs.Examiner l’histoire européenne ainsi que le parcours des acteurs de la stratégie offre une opportunité pour saisir leurs modes de fonctionnement et pour anticiper leurs actions dans le contexte d'une Europe multiculturelle, constituée d’États membres souverains. Il s’agira de prédire les évolutions juridiques, les revirements jurisprudentiels, les positionnements favorables, ou encore les actions qui sont de nature à rencontrer les objectifs économiques ou politiques de l’Union, tout en gardant en tête que les juges peuvent toujours être à l’origine de biais dans le processus de jugement. Il s’agira également de connaître l’histoire de l’adversaire afin d’estimer ses forces et ses faiblesses pour ajuster la stratégie en conséquence.Il n’existe pas de voie unique dans la réussite d’une stratégie contentieuse : le succès d’une stratégie est largement tributaire de la perception qu’en a le justiciable, de ses objectifs et attentes. Le choix de la juridiction peut alors se faire en fonction des garanties procédurales offertes, de la prévisibilité de la décision, ou encore de l’application de règles spécifiques attachées au for.La stratégie contentieuse peut aussi consister à se détacher de ce schéma pour rechercher une résolution alternative par des modes amiables ou l’arbitrage.Alors que l’approche stratégique peut être tentée de s’affranchir des contraintes éthiques ou morales par l’utilisation de manœuvres dévoyant l’objectif des textes, il est essentiel de rappeler que la possibilité d’une stratégie à la fois profitable et vertueuse existe. A défaut, les juges nationaux et européens joueront leur rôle en tant que garde-fous de l’intégrité du système
While the term "strategy" is rarely associated with the legal field, strategies aimed at leveraging the law to one's advantage have always existed. To shed light on this phenomenon, this thesis focuses specifically on litigation strategies that revolve around a trial as a central point.The starting assumption was the paramount importance of understanding the rules and the framework to effectively navigate towards an advantageous outcome. Rules here are broadly defined to include the legal rules of the member states and the Union, the case law of their courts, and the entire economic, political, social, and cultural context surrounding the parties and their dispute.Strategic litigation practice in the European area then warranted a detailed review of the various actors involved in the strategy (parties, national judges, European judges), as well as the history and evolution of the European Union and its law.This quest for knowledge of the rules also led us to revisit the conceptual framework and concrete achievements concerning jurisdiction in the European Union, highlighting a complex system revolving around the Brussels 1bis Regulation and a Court of Justice of the Union, both an actor and promoter of European integration.However, the development of strategies does not stop at understanding the rules but requires their anticipation and adaptation to changing realities. The choice of court then becomes a strategic maneuver, guided by both objective and subjective criteria.Reviewing European history as well as the trajectory of the strategic actors provides an opportunity to grasp their operating modes and to anticipate their actions within the context of a multicultural Europe, composed of sovereign member states. It will be about predicting legal developments, jurisprudential reversals, advantageous positions, or even actions that are likely to meet the economic or political objectives of the Union, while keeping in mind that judges can always introduce bias into the judgment process. It will also involve understanding the adversary's history in order to estimate their strengths and weaknesses to adjust the strategy accordingly.However, there is no single path to the success of a litigation strategy: the success of a strategy largely depends on the perception of the litigant, their objectives and expectations. The choice of jurisdiction can then be made based on the procedural guarantees offered, the predictability of the decision, or the application of specific rules attached to the forum.The litigation strategy can also involve breaking away from this scheme to seek an alternative resolution through amicable methods or arbitration.While the strategic approach may be tempted to free itself from ethical or moral constraints by using maneuvers that pervert the purpose of the texts, it is essential to remember that a strategy can be both profitable and virtuous. Failing this, national and European judges will play their role as safeguards of the system's integrity

This chapter engages another instrumentalization of Kafka’s animal figures for contemporary cultural-political ends, Jens Hanssen’s scavenged-together anti-Zionist reading of “Jackals and Arabs.” Against Hanssen’s article, it reads Kafka’s “animal story” and Hanssen’s own sources as well as draws upon genre analysis. It complicates the frequent (including Hanssen’s) identification of the story’s jackals with the Jews by, for example, their apparent shared emphasis on eating habits. Among the means employed are an examination of Robertson Smith’s classic account of a Saracen Arab sacrifice and consumption of a camel repeated in Freud’s Totem and Taboo and an analysis of Kafka’s “Investigations of a Dog” that also reveals refractions of Kafka’s critique of Brod’s The Jewesses. The chapter further problematizes Kafka’s alleged identification of dogs and Jews (that a Max Brod mistranscription had exacerbated) by contextualizing Kafka’s most quoted canine invocation, Josef K’s dying “Like a dog!” in The Trial. The chapter finally argues for the anti-allegorical force and function of Kafka’s allegedly “Jewish jackals.”

Abstract Western forces, starting with the US military, systematically circumvented Afghan law. In carrying out their operations against Al Qaeda and the Taliban, including through a campaign of targeted killings that sharpened local rivalries, they exempted themselves from any Afghan legal framework. Moreover, the Western military set up so-called ‘customary’ or ‘traditional’ councils that issued conflicting verdicts. With their uncertain legal status, these further undermined the regime’s judicial institutions. Finally, in forming their own militias, the Western militaries handed various potentates the means to oppose the central state and eliminate their local rivals. Through its tribal and ethnic vision in Afghanistan, the US military contributed to a polarization of private conflicts along identity lines, making their resolution more intractable. The primordialist interpretations by American soldiers promoted strategies of ethnic or tribal instrumentalization. They allowed entrepreneurs of violence presenting themselves as community representatives to obtain weapons, occupy positions of power, and insinuate themselves as indispensable intermediaries, at the expense of official institutions. The alleged allergy of Afghans to the state became a self-fulfilling prophecy. It caused the US military to boost strongmen they regarded as local when these in fact derived their power largely from international support.