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Статті в журналах з теми "Instrumental modelling"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Zheng, Shi. "Extending Instrumental Variable Method for Effective Economic Modelling." Int'l J. of Communications, Network and System Sciences 05, no. 04 (2012): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcns.2012.54027.

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2

Verkerke, W., J. Janse, and M. Kersten. "INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF TOMATO FRUIT TASTE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 456 (March 1998): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.456.22.

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3

Gustafson, Paul. "Measurement error modelling with an approximate instrumental variable." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 69, no. 5 (October 25, 2007): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00611.x.

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4

Baker, Andy, та Chris Bradley. "Modern stalagmite δ18O: Instrumental calibration and forward modelling". Global and Planetary Change 71, № 3-4 (квітень 2010): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.05.002.

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5

Arellano, Manuel. "Modelling optimal instrumental variables for dynamic panel data models." Research in Economics 70, no. 2 (June 2016): 238–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2015.11.003.

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6

Barker, Kit. "Modelling Public and Private Enforcement." University of Queensland Law Journal 37, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38127/uqlj.v37i1.4127.

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Анотація:

Achieving a workable, hybrid model of competition law enforcement that is sensitive to both instrumental and non-instrumental ends and which commands broad, cross-jurisdictional support always struck me as a tall order. For one thing, it required a keen understanding of the nature of competition law wrongs, which sit awkwardly at the turnstile between public and private law. The enforcement processes of competition law have also evolved in very different social and historical contexts, the United States being an environment in which regulatory agencies have historically been regarded with scepticism (if not downright distrust) and Europe being a centralised bureaucracy in which they have tended to be regarded as the paradigm. Most challengingly of all, the project required a theory of ‘holism’ capable of explaining how it is possible to reconcile complex moral, economic and social objectives within a singular enforcement system, or (more accurately) within a linked network of distinct law enforcement systems.

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7

Skovgaard, Ib M. "Modelling relations between instrumental and sensory measurements in factorial experiments." Food Quality and Preference 6, no. 4 (January 1995): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-3293(95)00023-2.

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8

Circioban, Denisa, Ionut Ledeti, Lenuta-Maria Suta, Gabriela Vlase, Adriana Ledeti, Titus Vlase, Renata Varut, Laura Sbarcea, Cristina Trandafirescu, and Cristina Dehelean. "Instrumental analysis and molecular modelling of inclusion complexes containing artesunate." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, no. 5 (July 6, 2020): 1951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09975-3.

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9

Bejaei, Masoumeh, Kareen Stanich, and Margaret A. Cliff. "Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020384.

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Textural characteristics of fruit are important for their quality, storability, and consumer acceptance. While texture can be evaluated instrumentally or sensorially, instrumental measurements are preferred if they can be reliably related to human perception. The objectives of this research were to validate instrumental measurements with sensory determinations, develop a classification scheme to group apples by their textural characteristics, and create models to predict sensory attributes from instrumental and compositional analyses. The textural characteristics (crispness, hardness, juiciness, and skin toughness) of 12 apple cultivars were evaluated on new and established cultivars. Fruit was also evaluated using five instrumental measurements from TA.XTplus Texture Analyzer, and three compositional determinations. The experiment was repeated for analysis and validation purposes. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed that 95.88% of the variation in the instrumental determinations could be explained by two components (PC 1 and PC 2); which were highly correlated with flesh firmness and skin strength, respectively. Four textural groups of apples were identified, and the accuracy of classification was established at 94.44% by using linear discriminant analysis. The predictive models that were developed between the sensory and instrumental-compositional data explained more than 85% of the variation in the data for hardness and crispness, while models for juiciness and skin toughness were more complex. The work should assist industry personnel to reduce time-consuming and costly sensory testing, yet have an appreciation of the textural traits as perceived by the consumer.

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10

Blazquez, Carmen, Gerard Downey, Donal O'Callaghan, Vincent Howard, Conor Delahunty, Elizabeth Sheehan, Colm Everard, and Colm P. O'Donnell. "Modelling of sensory and instrumental texture parameters in processed cheese by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy." Journal of Dairy Research 73, no. 1 (January 24, 2006): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029905001536.

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This study investigated the application of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to the measurement of texture (sensory and instrumental) in experimental processed cheese samples. Spectra (750 to 2498 nm) of cheeses were recorded after 2 and 4 weeks storage at 4 °C. Trained assessors evaluated 9 sensory properties, a texture profile analyser (TPA) was used to record 5 instrumental parameters and cheese ‘meltability’ was measured by computer vision. Predictive models for sensory and instrumental texture parameters were developed using partial least squares regression on raw or pre-treated spectral data. Sensory attributes and instrumental texture measurements were modelled with sufficient accuracy to recommend the use of NIR reflectance spectroscopy for routine quality assessment of processed cheese.

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11

Cunnington, Steven, Alkistis Pourtsidou, Paula S. Soares, Chris Blake, and David Bacon. "Multipole expansion for H i intensity mapping experiments: simulations and modelling." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 496, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1524.

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ABSTRACT We present a framework and an open-source python toolkit to analyse the two-point statistics of 3D fluctuations in the context of H i intensity maps using the multipole expansion formalism. We include simulations of the cosmological H i signal using N-body and lognormal methods, foregrounds and their removal, as well as instrumental effects. Using these simulations and analytical modelling, we investigate the impact of foreground cleaning and the instrumental beam on the power spectrum multipoles as well as on the Fourier space clustering wedges. We find that both the instrumental beam and the foreground removal can produce a quadrupole (and a hexadecapole) signal, and demonstrate the importance of controlling and accurately modelling these effects for precision radio cosmology. We conclude that these effects can be modelled with reasonable accuracy using our multipole expansion technique. We also perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis to showcase the effect of foreground cleaning on the estimation of the H i abundance and bias parameters. The accompanying python toolkit is available at https://github.com/IntensityTools/MultipoleExpansion, and includes an interactive suite of examples to aid new users.

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12

Scardi, Paolo, Cristy L. Azanza Ricardo, Camilo Perez-Demydenko, and Alan A. Coelho. "Whole powder pattern modelling macros for TOPAS." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 6 (October 18, 2018): 1752–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671801289x.

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Macros implementing the main concepts of the whole powder pattern modelling approach have been written for TOPAS. Size and strain broadening components of the diffraction line profiles can be convolved with the instrumental profile already available among the standard commands of TOPAS. Specific macros are presented with examples of applications including plastically deformed powders and atomistic simulations. A macro is presented for the modelling of surface relaxation effects in spherical nanocrystals.

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13

Qiu, Xiangyun, Emil S. Božin, Pavol Juhas, Thomas Proffen, and Simon J. L. Billinge. "Reciprocal-space instrumental effects on the real-space neutron atomic pair distribution function." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 1 (January 17, 2004): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803026670.

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An atomic pair distribution function (PDF) neutron powder diffraction round-robin experiment was performed on six diffractometers at three spallation sources. Instrument-specific effects on the real-space PDF were investigated, such as finite measurement range, the instrument resolution and the asymmetric shape of diffraction peaks. Two illustrative samples, a perfectly long-range-ordered element, Pb, and a locally strained alloy ZnSe0.5Te0.5, were measured at low temperatures. Various aspects of the PDF were explored, either qualitatively by direct comparison or quantitativelyviastructural modelling. Future implementation of modelling codes incorporating some of these instrumental effects are also discussed.

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14

Dyn, Nira, and David Levin. "Subdivision schemes in geometric modelling." Acta Numerica 11 (January 2002): 73–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962492902000028.

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Subdivision schemes are efficient computational methods for the design and representation of 3D surfaces of arbitrary topology. They are also a tool for the generation of refinable functions, which are instrumental in the construction of wavelets. This paper presents various flavours of subdivision, seasoned by the personal viewpoint of the authors, which is mainly concerned with geometric modelling. Our starting point is the general setting of scalar multivariate nonstationary schemes on regular grids. We also briefly review other classes of schemes, such as schemes on general nets, matrix schemes, non-uniform schemes and nonlinear schemes. Different representations of subdivision schemes, and several tools for the analysis of convergence, smoothness and approximation order are discussed, followed by explanatory examples.

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15

Gibson, N. P., S. Aigrain, S. Roberts, T. M. Evans, M. Osborne, and F. Pont. "A Gaussian process framework for modelling instrumental systematics: application to transmission spectroscopy." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 419, no. 3 (November 17, 2011): 2683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19915.x.

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16

Gu, Jun, James Taylor, and Derek Seward. "Modelling of an hydraulic excavator using simplified refined instrumental variable (SRIV) algorithm." Journal of Control Theory and Applications 5, no. 4 (November 2007): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11768-006-6180-2.

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17

Burrows, Richard, and Barham A. Salih. "STATISTICAL MODELLING OF LONG-TERM WAVE CLIMATES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.4.

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The paper discusses the long-term statistical properties of ocean and coastal wave climates derived from the analysis of instrumental wave data. The aim of the work reported has been to determine the theoretical distributions, from those commonly used in analysis of wave data, which best describe the joint probability of significant wave height, Hs, and mean zero-upcrossing period, Tz. A method of modelling the wave climate in this manner has been developed utilizing parametric means of specification. The data base used in the study covers records from 18 sites around the British Isles.

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18

Kurtenbach, Hannah, Eduard Ort, Monja Isabel Froböse, and Gerhard Jocham. "Removal of reinforcement improves instrumental performance in humans by decreasing a general action bias rather than unmasking learnt associations." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): e1010201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010201.

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Performance during instrumental learning is commonly believed to reflect the knowledge that has been acquired up to that point. However, recent work in rodents found that instrumental performance was enhanced during periods when reinforcement was withheld, relative to periods when reinforcement was provided. This suggests that reinforcement may mask acquired knowledge and lead to impaired performance. In the present study, we investigated whether such a beneficial effect of removing reinforcement translates to humans. Specifically, we tested whether performance during learning was improved during non-reinforced relative to reinforced task periods using signal detection theory and a computational modelling approach. To this end, 60 healthy volunteers performed a novel visual go/no-go learning task with deterministic reinforcement. To probe acquired knowledge in the absence of reinforcement, we interspersed blocks without feedback. In these non-reinforced task blocks, we found an increased d’, indicative of enhanced instrumental performance. However, computational modelling showed that this improvement in performance was not due to an increased sensitivity of decision making to learnt values, but to a more cautious mode of responding, as evidenced by a reduction of a general response bias. Together with an initial tendency to act, this is sufficient to drive differential changes in hit and false alarm rates that jointly lead to an increased d’. To conclude, the improved instrumental performance in the absence of reinforcement observed in studies using asymmetrically reinforced go/no-go tasks may reflect a change in response bias rather than unmasking latent knowledge.

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19

Hrihorovskyi, P. Ye, O. V. Murasova, and O. V. Gorda. "INFORMATION MODELLING OF THE COMPLEX PROCESS OF INSTRUMENTAL MONITORING OF ADJACENT SEALED BUILDINGS." Scientific journal "New technologies in construction", no. 38 (2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2664-0406.2020.38.2.

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20

Chamaillard, Karine, S. Gerard Jennings, Darius Ceburnis, Young Jun Yoon, and Colin O’Dowd. "Effect of instrumental particle sizing resolution on the modelling of aerosol radiative parameters." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 111, no. 5 (March 2010): 753–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.11.005.

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21

Ghosh, Abhik, Florent Mertens, Gianni Bernardi, Mário G. Santos, Nicholas S. Kern, Christopher L. Carilli, Trienko L. Grobler, et al. "Foreground modelling via Gaussian process regression: an application to HERA data." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 3 (January 2020): 2813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1331.

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ABSTRACT The key challenge in the observation of the redshifted 21-cm signal from cosmic reionization is its separation from the much brighter foreground emission. Such separation relies on the different spectral properties of the two components, although, in real life, the foreground intrinsic spectrum is often corrupted by the instrumental response, inducing systematic effects that can further jeopardize the measurement of the 21-cm signal. In this paper, we use Gaussian Process Regression to model both foreground emission and instrumental systematics in ∼2 h of data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array. We find that a simple co-variance model with three components matches the data well, giving a residual power spectrum with white noise properties. These consist of an ‘intrinsic’ and instrumentally corrupted component with a coherence scale of 20 and 2.4 MHz, respectively (dominating the line-of-sight power spectrum over scales k∥ ≤ 0.2 h cMpc−1) and a baseline-dependent periodic signal with a period of ∼1 MHz (dominating over k∥ ∼ 0.4–0.8 h cMpc−1), which should be distinguishable from the 21-cm Epoch of Reionization signal whose typical coherence scale is ∼0.8 MHz.

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22

Shelkovnikova, Tatyana A. "Modelling FUSopathies: focus on protein aggregation." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 6 (November 20, 2013): 1613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130212.

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The discovery of a causative link between dysfunction of a number of RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains and the development of certain (neuro)degenerative diseases has completely changed our perception of molecular mechanisms instigating pathological process in these disorders. Irreversible aggregation of these proteins is a crucial pathogenic event delineating a type of proteinopathy. FUS (fused in sarcoma) is a prototypical member of the class, and studies into the causes and consequences of FUSopathies have been instrumental in characterizing the processes leading to deregulation of RNA metabolism in neurodegeneration. In vivo models of FUSopathy have provided critical insights into the mechanisms of FUS toxicity and clues on the role of non-amyloid aggregates, which are hallmarks of these diseases. The present review summarizes the data on FUS aggregation signatures in available model organisms on the basis of overexpression of FUS variants.

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23

Shidrah Mat Daud, Nor, Nuraihan Mat Daud, Samshul Amry Abdul Latif, and Jantima Simpson. "Applying Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) on Factors Affecting Language Students’ Desire to Learn." Arab World English Journal 13, no. 3 (September 24, 2022): 254–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no3.16.

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This study examines factors affecting students’ desire to learn the English language using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). This is to explain and predict students’ desire to learn. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted at two public universities in Malaysia and one in Thailand. The questionnaires were developed based on Gardner’s (2004) Attitude/Motivation Test Battery. Only four subscales of the instrument were chosen for this study. These were: desire to learn, instrumental motivation, foreign language anxiety and attitude towards foreign language. It was found that although Attitude toward Foreign Language, Foreign Language Anxiety and Instrumental Motivation have small predictive relevance on Desire to Learn the English language, they are crucial in explaining the students’ desire to learn the language. The study indicates that the model is sufficiently reliable and consistent. When the groups were compared, the relationship between Instrumental Motivation and Desire to Learn was higher between International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) students but the difference is not significant where IIUM and Naresuan University (NU) students were concerned. This study serves to model a quantitative empirical research method to explain and predict factors affecting desire to learn

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24

Vagizov, Marsel R. "Development of a technology for geoinformation modelling of forest ecosystems (part 3)." Geoinformatika, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2022-2-34-41.

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In the third part of the article the structural components of forest ecosystems geoinformation modeling subsystems are considered, the technological map of the main components is indicated. Some objectives of forest geoinformation modelling and technological support of the forest ecosystems geoinformation modelling process are considered. The systems: mapping, modelling and management system at conceptual and logical level as a part of the instrumental support of geoinformation models’ operability are described. The objectives of forestry in the application of geo-referenced models of forest ecosystems that can improve the quality of forest management and provide a decision support system for economic tasks arising in the forestry sector are indicated.

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25

Huo, Meng-Long, and Peter Boxall. "Instrumental work values and responses to HR practices." Personnel Review 47, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-01-2017-0015.

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Purpose Grounded in the theory of person-organisation fit, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which instrumental work values influence the relationship between HR practices and employee well-being (measured by job satisfaction) in a sample of Chinese workers. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire data for this cross-sectional, quantitative study were collected from 371 front-line workers in a Chinese manufacturer. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results show that work instrumentalism significantly reduces the positive effect of training on job satisfaction while boosting the positive effect of remuneration on job satisfaction. In contrast, there is no evidence for an interaction between instrumentalism and employee involvement. Practical implications The results imply that the degree to which HR practices are effective in promoting job satisfaction among these Chinese workers depends both on their work-value orientations and on the implications of the particular HR practice. Managers concerned about job satisfaction in China need to consider the impact of work values and the goals of particular HR practices. Originality/value China makes an enormously important contribution to world manufacturing output but the authors need a better understanding of how Chinese workers are likely to interpret and respond to HR practices if employee well-being in Chinese enterprises is to be fostered.

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26

Clapp, John M., and Dipak K. Dey. "Estimating bivariate errors-in-variables models with instrumental variables." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 22, no. 3 (January 1993): 863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610919308813130.

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27

Donoso Anes, José Antonio, Francisco Serrano-Domínguez, and José Antonio Camúñez-Ruíz. "Modelling, using structural equations, the level of satisfaction of university accounting teachers with final year dissertations." Revista de Contabilidad 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.368451.

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Анотація:

Modelización, usando ecuaciones estructurales, del grado de satisfacción de los profesores universitarios de contabilidad sobre el trabajo fin de grado. La baja satisfacción que el colectivo de profesores universitarios de Contabilidad muestra ante el proceso de tutorización del Trabajo Fin de Grado es lo que ha motivado la realización del trabajo; además, existe mucho interés, por parte del colectivo de profesores, en conocer que factores son los que están influyendo en ese estado de satisfacción. El objetivo del estudio es detectar qué factores explican el citado estado de satisfacción y modelizar dicha relación. Se han identificado y estudiado los elementos que han podido influir en la construcción de dicho estado de opinión y se han extraído, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, 5 factores: aceptación de la metodología, percepción de competencia, competencias genéricas, importancia de competencias instrumentales, importancia de competencias sistémicas. Los resultados evidencian las relaciones entre los constructos y la satisfacción. En conclusión, si queremos construir una estrategia docente que refuerce el grado de satisfacción del profesor universitario de Contabilidad en la labor de tutela del TFG, esta debería centrarse en potenciar las competencias genéricas del TFG. El desarrollo de las competencias genéricas, directa o indirectamente, repercuten sobre la opinión del tutor sobre la importancia de las competencias instrumentales y sistémicas y, en consecuencia, en su satisfacción. The low satisfaction of university accounting teachers with the mentoring process of the Final Year Dissertation (FYD) has motivated carrying out this study. Moreover, lecturers are very interested in knowing which factors are influencing this satisfaction. The aim of the study is to detect which factors explain this state of satisfaction and model this relation. The elements which have been able to influence this opinion have been identified and studied. Exploratory factor analysis has extracted 5 factors from them: the acceptation of the methodology, the perception of competence, generic competences, the importance of instrumental competences and the importance of systemic competences. The results reveal the relations between the constructs and satisfaction. In conclusion, if we wish to build a teaching strategy which reinforces university accounting teachers’ degree of satisfaction in their work mentoring the FYD, this should be centred on enhancing its generic competences. The development of these generic competences directly or indirectly impacts the mentors’ opinions concerning the importance of the instrumental and systemic competences and, consequently, their satisfaction.

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28

Kotsyuba, Oleksiy. "Latest theoretical approaches to uncertainty modelling in enterprise management: historical, conceptual and instrumental aspects." Strategy of Economic Development of Ukraine, no. 48 (June 1, 2021): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33111/sedu.2021.48.096.113.

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29

Morris, Ε. M., H. P. Bader, and P. Weilenmann. "Modelling temperature variations in polar snow using DAISY." Journal of Glaciology 43, no. 143 (1997): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s002214300000294x.

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AbstractA physics-based snow model has been calibrated using data collected at Halley Bay, Antarctica, during the International Geophysical Year. Variations in snow temperature and density are well-simulated using values for the model parameters within the range reported from other polar field experiments. The effect of uncertainty in the parameter values on the accuracy of the predictions is no greater than the effect of instrumental error in the input data. Thus, this model can be used with parameters determined a priori rather than by optimization. The model has been validated using an independent data set from Halley Bay and then used to estimate 10 m temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula plateau over the last half-century.

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30

Morris, Ε. M., H. P. Bader, and P. Weilenmann. "Modelling temperature variations in polar snow using DAISY." Journal of Glaciology 43, no. 143 (1997): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002214300000294x.

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Анотація:

AbstractA physics-based snow model has been calibrated using data collected at Halley Bay, Antarctica, during the International Geophysical Year. Variations in snow temperature and density are well-simulated using values for the model parameters within the range reported from other polar field experiments. The effect of uncertainty in the parameter values on the accuracy of the predictions is no greater than the effect of instrumental error in the input data. Thus, this model can be used with parameters determined a priori rather than by optimization. The model has been validated using an independent data set from Halley Bay and then used to estimate 10 m temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula plateau over the last half-century.

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31

Voskresenskiy, Michail, Victor Mikhaylov, and Oleg Pakhmurin. "Modelling and validation of dynamic parameters and material heterogeneous damping properties of foundation structures and subsoils." EPJ Web of Conferences 221 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922101008.

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In this paper, an integrated technology for performing finite element calculations in SCAD Office FEA-software with instrumental verification of actual dynamic characteristics of load-bearing structures and subsoils with the use of seismic hardware-software complex REGISTR is proposed.

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32

Smette, Alain, Hugues Sana, and Hannes Horst. "A tool for modelling telluric spectra." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (November 2009): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310010562.

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Accurate synthetic telluric spectra are required for efficient use of telescope time, in particular, with large telescopes and high-resolution NIR spectroscopy: (i) In the preparation of observations, are the telluric features at the same wavelength as spectroscopic features of scientific interest? Since water vapor is the molecule whose abundance varies most in the atmosphere, what values of precipitable water vapor are suitable to carry out successful observations? Are the observations of a telluric star required? Or better, can telluric features in the science spectrum be accurately represented by an appropriate synthetic spectrum? This point is also very important in the planning of telescope time, as observations of a telluric star may sometimes take longer than the one of the science target. (ii) In the analysis of the observations, how do telluric lines affect the scientifically interesting features in the observed spectrum? Is it possible to recover the useful information when telluric star observations could not be obtained, do not have sufficient SNR, or suffer from a significant change in instrumental or observing conditions?

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Jeong, Jinook, and Byung Ho Yoon. "The Effect of Pseudo-Exogenous Instrumental Variables on Hausman Test." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 39, no. 2 (December 29, 2009): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610910903447833.

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Sasibhushana Rao, G. "GPS satellite and receiver instrumental biases estimation using least squares method for accurate ionosphere modelling." Journal of Earth System Science 116, no. 5 (October 2007): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-007-0039-x.

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Armstrong, Matthew S., Anthony S. Kiem, and Tessa R. Vance. "Comparing instrumental, palaeoclimate, and projected rainfall data: Implications for water resources management and hydrological modelling." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 31 (October 2020): 100728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100728.

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Rodriguez-Lloveras, Xavier, Juan Pablo Corella, and Gerardo Benito. "Modelling the Hydro-Sedimentary Dynamics of a Mediterranean Semiarid Ungauged Watershed Beyond the Instrumental Period." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 5 (June 15, 2017): 1506–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2678.

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He, Hong Zhen, Wen Bin Xi, and Chang Lin Zhang. "Instrumental measurement of the degree of relaxation with meditation." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 5, no. 3 (2008): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2008.023128.

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Singh, K., and T. J. Pedley. "Modelling lateral manoeuvres in fish." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 697 (March 7, 2012): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.1.

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AbstractWe propose a method to model manoeuvres in self-propelled flexible-bodied fish by modelling the hydrodynamics coupled to the body inertia. Flexible body motion is prescribed and the equations of motion are solved for the position of the centre of mass and rotation of the body. The governing equations are formulated by applying the conservation of linear and angular momentum. Two independent methods to model the fluid dynamics are pursued: Model 1 is an extension of elongated-body theory, modified for self-propulsion and flexible motion. Model 2 applies a numerical boundary-element formulation with the fish modelled as an infinitely thin rectangular body. The manoeuvring response to an impulsive input is first examined to understand the rigid-body characteristics of the fish. A flexible bend action is included to model C-bends of the type observed during escapes in fish. Models 1 and 2 are used to cross-verify the respective implementations as well as to develop physical insights into manoeuvring. A parameter study shows that fish of intermediate body depths are best adapted to rapid turns whereas the initial dynamic state of the fish is instrumental in affecting the sign as well as the magnitude of the turn angle, for a prescribed bend deflection. Computations for combined swimming and turning show that the initial rigid-body dynamics of the fish is much more effective than the induced effect of the prior shed wake in enhancing the turning response.

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Stanghellini, Elena. "Instrumental variables in Gaussian directed acyclic graph models with an unobserved confounder." Environmetrics 15, no. 5 (July 21, 2004): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.676.

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Diehl, Roland, Thomas Siegert, Jochen Greiner, Martin Krause, Karsten Kretschmer, Michael Lang, Moritz Pleintinger, Andrew W. Strong, Christoph Weinberger та Xiaoling Zhang. "INTEGRAL/SPI γ-ray line spectroscopy". Astronomy & Astrophysics 611 (березень 2018): A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731815.

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Context. The space based γ-ray observatory INTEGRAL of the European Space Agency (ESA) includes the spectrometer instrument “SPI”. This is a coded mask telescope featuring a 19-element Germanium detector array for high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy, encapsulated in a scintillation detector assembly that provides a veto for background from charged particles. In space, cosmic rays irradiate spacecraft and instruments, which, in spite of the vetoing detectors, results in a large instrumental background from activation of those materials, and leads to deterioration of the charge collection properties of the Ge detectors.Aim. We aim to determine the measurement characteristics of our detectors and their evolution with time, that is, their spectral response and instrumental background. These incur systematic variations in the SPI signal from celestial photons, hence their determination from a broad empirical database enables a reduction of underlying systematics in data analysis. For this, we explore compromises balancing temporal and spectral resolution within statistical limitations. Our goal is to enable modelling of background applicable to spectroscopic studies of the sky, accounting separately for changes of the spectral response and of instrumental background.Methods. We use 13.5 years of INTEGRAL/SPI data, which consist of spectra for each detector and for each pointing of the satellite. Spectral fits to each such spectrum, with independent but coherent treatment of continuum and line backgrounds, provides us with details about separated background components. From the strongest background lines, we first determine how the spectral response changes with time. Applying symmetry and long-term stability tests, we eliminate degeneracies and reduce statistical fluctuations of background parameters, with the aim of providing a self-consistent description of the spectral response for each individual detector. Accounting for this, we then determine how the instrumental background components change in intensities and other characteristics, most-importantly their relative distribution among detectors.Results. Spectral resolution of Ge detectors in space degrades with time, up to 15% within half a year, consistently for all detectors, and across the SPI energy range. Semi-annual annealing operations recover these losses, yet there is a small long-term degradation. The intensity of instrumental background varies anti-correlated to solar activity, in general. There are significant differences among different lines and with respect to continuum. Background lines are found to have a characteristic, well-defined and long-term consistent intensity ratio among detectors. We use this to categorise lines in groups of similar behaviour. The dataset of spectral-response and background parameters as fitted across the INTEGRAL mission allows studies of SPI spectral response and background behaviour in a broad perspective, and efficiently supports precision modelling of instrumental background.

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Terroso-Sáenz, Fernando, Mercedes Valdes-Vela, Aurora González-Vidal, and Antonio F. Skarmeta. "Human Mobility Modelling Based on Dense Transit Areas Detection with Opportunistic Sensing." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9178539.

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With the advent of smartphones, opportunistic mobile crowdsensing has become an instrumental approach to perceive large-scale urban dynamics. In this context, the present work presents a novel approach based on such a sensing paradigm to automatically identify and monitor the areas of a city comprising most of the human transit. Unlike previous approaches, the system performs such detection in real time at the same time the opportunistic sensing is carried out. Furthermore, a novel multilayered grill partitioning to represent such areas is stated. Finally, the proposal is evaluated by means of a real-world dataset.

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42

Haddon, Elizabeth. "Instrumental and vocal teaching: how do music students learn to teach?" British Journal of Music Education 26, no. 1 (March 2009): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051708008279.

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A survey of final-year music students at the University of York for the Investigating Musical Performance research project found that 45% (23 of the 51 students in the year group) regularly gave instrumental or vocal lessons. Semi-structured interviews with 16 students revealed a range of teaching activities including workshop leading, one-to-one lessons and group teaching. This paper examines the attitudes of the nine students engaged in giving instrumental lessons and explores their development as teachers and their understanding of some of the key concepts of teaching and learning. Findings suggest that students learned to teach through increased experience rather than formal training, and although they were enthusiastic, reporting benefits to their own learning and performing, they could have been more pro-active regarding their development as teachers and more resourceful in their approaches towards lesson content and materials, strategies relating to modelling and motivation and the teaching of practice techniques. Increased provision of support and training opportunities could be made by Higher Education institutions, by giving students feedback regarding their effectiveness as teachers, opportunities to discuss their teaching, and enabling learning through mentoring partnerships with more experienced teachers.

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Beierholm, Ulrik R., and Peter Dayan. "Pavlovian-Instrumental Interaction in ‘Observing Behavior’." PLoS Computational Biology 6, no. 9 (September 9, 2010): e1000903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000903.

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Kautish, Pradeep, and Rajesh Sharma. "Consumer values, fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions in the online fashion retail sector." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 46, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 894–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2018-0060.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the underlying relationships among two distinct forms of consumer values, namely, instrumental and terminal values, fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions in the context of online fashion apparel retail sector.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model and subsequent measurement scale were developed, grounded on in-depth review of the extensive literature and validated with customers engaged in online shopping of fashion apparels. The model was empirically examined, and a total of 395 responses were gathered from an online survey administered at a northeastern university in India. The model was validated using structural equation modelling, and a two-step approach suggested by Anderson and Gerbing (1988) was used to evaluate the measurement and structural models for the research.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that instrumental and terminal values significantly affect fashion consciousness, and fashion consciousness has a significant impact on behavioural intentions as well. The research brings out that fashion consciousness acts as a partial mediator between instrumental/terminal values and behavioural intentions. It is noteworthy that compared to terminal values instrumental values display a greater influence on both the variables fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusion of present research will notably assist the fashion retailers, online marketing researchers and experts understand the importance of terminal and instrumental values in increasing fashion consciousness, leading to strategically design campaigns for promoting and instigate consumers’ positive behavioural intentions in the best interest of the online fashion retail sector.Practical implicationsThe study results provide suggestions for competitive marketing strategies for online fashion companies operating in the emerging markets like India.Originality/valueThe present study is first of its kind attempt to use Rokeach’s (1973) two-dimensional measure of human values, in order to discover the terminal and instrumental values relationship and their influence on fashion consciousness and behavioural intentions in the online fashion retail industry.

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Mossaz, Stéphane, Pascal Jay, Albert Magnin, Maud Panouillé, Anne Saint-Eve, Isabelle Déléris, Alexandre Juteau, and Isabelle Souchon. "Measuring and predicting the spreading of dairy products in the mouth: sensory, instrumental and modelling approaches." Food Hydrocolloids 24, no. 8 (November 2010): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.03.006.

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46

Sánchez-Martí, Jose Antonio, and María Isabel Angoa Pérez. "A Methodological Approximation of the Measurement of Instrumental Social Exclusion from the Capability Approach: The Case of Vulnerable Areas in the City of Murcia, Spain." Mathematics 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10010079.

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The indirect effects of social exclusion in different fields of the lives of individuals have been scarcely studied. The literature that addresses social exclusion from the capability approach is sparse, and a methodology for measuring the instrumental effects of social exclusion on capability deprivation has not yet been implemented. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to propose a methodological framework to quantify these effects, based on two techniques: Structural equation modelling and principal component analysis. Likewise, this study presents a practical application in the vulnerable areas of the city of Murcia, Spain. In order to obtain the data, fieldwork was carried out using 464 questionnaires. The theorised model was statistically contrasted, confirming that it is not false. The study revealed that instrumental social exclusion had a moderate impact on the deprivations experienced by the study population.

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47

Azimdokht, Zoleikha, Adel Rafiei, and Jenny Audring. "Modelling polysemy and categorial ambiguity in a constructional family." Constructions and Frames 14, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 262–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.21007.azi.

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Abstract In this paper we analyse a family of compound constructions in Persian that show two interesting properties: (1) they split into two semantic patterns, human agent noun and instrument noun, and (2) they display categorial ambiguity between noun and adjective. The compounds in question, which are formed with the verbal stem -yāb ‘find’, are collected from diachronic and synchronic corpora and analysed in the framework of Construction Morphology (Booij 2010). We argue that the instrumental pattern is an innovation under the influence of loan-translated English instrument nouns. This pattern dovetailed with a much older morphological construction for human agent nouns. This raises questions about the relation between the two constructions in the contemporary speaker’s lexicon. For the dual functionality of the words as nouns and adjectives, we argue that it can be understood as a second order schema (Booij & Masini 2015) or sister construction (Jackendoff & Audring 2019, 2020), whereby no precedence is ascribed to either of the two patterns.

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Chiyaka, Edward T., Gesham Magombedze, and Lawrence Mutimbu. "Modelling within Host Parasite Dynamics of Schistosomiasis." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 11, no. 3 (2010): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486701003614336.

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Schistosomiasis infection is characterized by the presence of adult worms in the portal and mesenteric veins of humans as part of a complex migratory cycle initiated by cutaneous penetration of the cercariae shed by infected freshwater snails. The drug praziquantel is not always effective in the treatment against schistosomiasis at larvae stage. However, our simulations show that it is effective against mature worms and eggs. As a result, the study and understanding of immunological responses is key in understanding parasite dynamics. We therefore introduce quantitative interpretations of human immunological responses of the disease to formulate mathematical models for the within-host dynamics of schistosomiasis. We also use numerical simulations to demonstrate that it is the level of T cells that differentiates between either an effective immune response or some degree of infection. These cells are responsible for the differentiation and recruitment of eosinophils that are instrumental in clearing the parasite. From the model analysis, we conclude that control of infection is much attributed to the value of a functionf, a measure of the average number of larvae penetrating a susceptible individual having hatched from an egg released by an infected individual. This agrees with evidence that there is a close association between the ecology, the distribution of infection and the disease.

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McGarrigle, Christine, Orna A. Donoghue, Joanna Orr, and Rose Anne Kenny. "Gender-Specific Determinants of Instrumental Activities and Associations With Cognitive Decline in TILDA." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2295.

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Abstract Detecting functional decline is critical in recognizing clinical progression into mild cognitive impairment and dementia as people age. This study aimed to investigate differences in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and associations with cognition by gender. Data are from five waves of TILDA, a nationally representative cohort of 8,175 aged ≥50 years, measured every 2 years between 2009 and 2018. IADL assessed were preparing a hot meal, doing household chores, shopping for groceries, making telephone calls, taking medications, and managing money. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE). Latent class analysis and growth mixture modelling techniques were used to identify IADL and cognitive latent classes and examine change trajectories. IADL trajectories differed by gender and were associated with cognitive decline. Functional decline discrepancies between men and women may be driven by domestic tasks within IADL which are associated with social gender roles, rather than determining differential cognitive trajectories.

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McCallum, Nialh, Daniel B. Thomas, Philip Bull, and Michael L. Brown. "Spin-based removal of instrumental systematics in 21 cm intensity mapping surveys." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 5556–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2811.

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ABSTRACT Upcoming cosmological intensity mapping surveys will open new windows on the Universe, but they must first overcome a number of significant systematic effects, including polarization leakage. We present a formalism that uses scan strategy information to model the effect of different instrumental systematics on the recovered cosmological intensity signal for ‘single-dish’ (autocorrelation) surveys. This modelling classifies different systematics according to their spin symmetry, making it particularly relevant for dealing with polarization leakage. We show how to use this formalism to calculate the expected contamination from different systematics as a function of the scanning strategy. Most importantly, we show how systematics can be disentangled from the intensity signal based on their spin properties via map-making. We illustrate this, using a set of toy models, for some simple instrumental systematics, demonstrating the ability to significantly reduce the contamination to the observed intensity signal. Crucially, unlike existing foreground removal techniques, this approach works for signals that are non-smooth in frequency, e.g. polarized foregrounds. These map-making approaches are simple to apply and represent an orthogonal and complementary approach to existing techniques for removing systematics from upcoming 21 cm intensity mapping surveys.

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