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1
Guimarães Sá, Isabel Dos. "Child abandonment in Portugal: legislation and institutional care." Continuity and Change 9, no. 1 (May 1994): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000004173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'abandon d'enfant fait partie intégrante de la législation concernant l'enfance au Portugal au XVIIIe siècle et il est apparenté aux délits d'attentat à la vie, tels l'accouchement clandestin, l'avortement et l'infanticide – l'infanticide était peutêtre relativement répandu, mais c'est bien difficile à prouver. Cet article offre une vue d'ensemble du statut de l'enfant, qu'il soit légitime, illégitime, orphelin ou trouvé. Ensuite il décrit pour le Portugal le cadre légal de l'assistance aux enfants abandonnés. Enfin, il examine les institutions charitables qui s'occupent des enfants trouvés et accorde une attention particulière à l'interaction entre les ‘misericordias’ locales – confréries laïques – et les conseils communaux des grandes villes du royaume et de ses colonies.
2
Cliche, Marie-Aimée. "Les filles-mères devant les tribunaux du Québec, 1850-1969." Recherche 32, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 9–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/056577ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'étude de la jurisprudence constitue un bon moyen de suivre l'évolution de certaines coutumes sociales, voire de quelques traits de mentalité. En utilisant 305 procès civils et criminels impliquant des filles-mères du district judiciaire de Québec, on retrace les changements de leur condition juridique et sociale. Jusqu'au milieu du XIXe siècle, les pressions sociales et les coutumes juridiques obligent les présumés pères à assumer leurs responsabilités. À partir de la fin du dernier siècle, un changement radical dans la jurisprudence, combiné avec l'augmentation du nombre d'hospices, a pour résultat de faire retomber la charge de l'enfant illégitime sur la mère et sur les institutions charitables. Ce n'est qu'après la Seconde Guerre mondiale que s'amorcent un retour vers l'imposition de certaines obligations aux pères putatifs, et une réintégration des mères célibataires dans la société.
3
Barile, Nicola Lorenzo. "Renaissance Monti di Pietà in Modern Scholarship: Themes, Studies, and Historiographic Trends." Renaissance and Reformation 35, no. 3 (March 11, 2013): 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v35i3.19524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Il existe une longue tradition d’études des Monti di Pietà, qui est presqu’entièrement publiée en italien. Cet article propose une revue historiographique de ces recherches, en se basant sur quatre thèmes centraux les ayant orientées. Le premier de ces thèmes correspond aux relations entre les banques et les premiers Monti, et à la question de savoir s’ils étaient de véritables banques ou des institutions charitables. Le deuxième thème correspond au contexte de ces pratiques formé par les débats théologiques et les opinions juridiques de la fin du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance. Le troisième thème est centré sur l’influence des prédicateurs franciscains, incluant comment leurs discours antisémites ont été contrebalancés par les préoccupations économiques locales, pour former un compromis pratique. Le quatrième thème correspond au rôle et à la fonction qu’ont joués les Monti dans le Royaume de Naples. En conclusion, cette revue examine les recherches sur les Monti publiées en anglais depuis les années 1930.
4
NOVIKOV, V. M. "Social Potential of Non-Profi t Organizations." Demography and social economy, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2021.01.080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a steady trend in the wide range of literature on the study of institutions: the definition of theoretical judgments often does not coincide and is not combined with the definition of general connections and patterns, which leads to ignoring the principle of systematic analysis of socio-economic processes. Indirectly, this means the priority of the random (individual) over the whole and general. Meanwhile, the concept of an institution correlates with the specific content of a phenomenon or process and is supplemented by a generalized and systematic approach. The study of such an urgent problem of the market economy as institutional choice through non-profit organizations requires the extension of the analysis not only to governmental but also to non-governmental structures, which are an element of the whole. In this regard, the article provides a historical overview of the development of nonprofit organizations and charitable activities as a large-scale social phenomenon, which made it possible to draw attention to the possibility of using the experience of past years for the purposeful organization of non-state institutions of charity, including by improving social partnerships. Analysis of the current state of non-profit organizations in Ukraine, despite the growth in their number, shows a decrease in the volume of charitable activities. In recent years, the country has taken certain steps to improve charity. However, this is not enough. The institutional environment for philanthropy needs to be improved. The solution to this problem is possible with the active influence of the state on the management of non-commercial activities. Improving the tools of functioning, financing, as well as increasing attention to the development of statistics in this area of activity is considered relevant. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to identify pressing issues and ways to improve charitable organizations. The solution to this problem is possible with the active influence of the state on the management of non-profit activities. The development of the institutional framework of the nonprofit sector of the economy means the improvement of financial reporting, greater openness of charitable organizations, streamlining of their legal relations, liberalized taxation and strengthened control over the activities of non-profit organizations. The article pays special attention to the problem of accumulation and distribution of charitable funds. The potential of charitable organizations can be expanded by shifting the focus of their regulation away from predominantly corporate to regional administration, which increases the importance of the institution of partnership in the development of charity. The article uses historical and logical methods, which allowed to study the formation and development of non-profit organizations in the evolutionary aspect.
5
Giuseppina Lurgo, Elisabetta. "Charity and Sanctity: The Ritiri of the Rosine in the Eighteenth-Century Savoyard State." European History Quarterly 50, no. 1 (January 2020): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691419886810.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the first years of a charitable institution, the ‘ Ritiro o Opera pia delle Rosine’, led by a mystic woman in the eighteenth-century Sabaudian State. Through the analysis of this particular institution, this essay focuses on the so-called ‘ Opere pie’ in Savoy Piedmont, between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: namely, the charitable institutions, under royal patronage and public jurisdiction, yet administrated by clerics and led by women whose sanctity was the subject of controversy, which had a key role in the politics of devotion in the baroque age.
6
Caton, Charlotte S. "Preference for Prestige: Commentary on the Behaviour of Universities and their Benefactors." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 29, no. 3 (May 12, 2017): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v29i3.183336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines institutional behaviour, as perceived and described by individuals who have donated large gifts to private non- profit (not-for-profit) corporations especially universities. The study improves the understanding readers may have of the means used by Canadian institutions to initiate relationships with individuals capable of making large gifts, of how these relationships are nurtured, of who in the organization influences decisions about the purposes served by gifts from these donors and of how institutional and/or personal prestige are factors in donor-recipient relationships. More significantly, the study explores the degree to which institutions involve major donors as partners in enhancing an institution's reputation for quality. Data reported here were gathered from interviews with donors to universities, hospitals and arts organizations in Toronto. The responses of donors are reported and some differences identified between donors to universities and donors to either hospitals or arts organizations. With the largest generational transfer of wealth in history starting to occur, the findings may prove useful to universities as they compete for charitable dollars with other nonprofit organizations.
7
Taylor, Zachary. "Translation as Charitable Currency: Internationalization Through International Alumni Giving." Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education 11, Winter (March 15, 2020): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v11iwinter.1430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As higher education continues to internationalize, the United States higher education system remains a predominantly English-speaking entity. This research-in-progress will examine how United States institutions of higher education engage with English-language learning international alumni to explore how these alumni are asked to give back to their alma mater. I hypothesize that many institutions of higher educaiton may be perpetuing academic capitalism by viewing international alumni as sources of financial support and not as sources of rich linguistic capital that could be leveraged to further diversify the institution and facilitate equitable access to higher education.
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Daniels, Roger B., Mike Braswell, and Jesse D. Beeler. "Accounting and Financial Reporting by a Late 18th Century American Charity." Accounting Historians Journal 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.37.2.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Empirical research to date has neglected accounting and external financial reporting among 18th century American charitable institutions. Contemporary understanding of 18th century American practices is supported by evidence relating to commercial transactions primarily among colonial merchants. Our study examines the accounting and financial reporting of the Charleston Orphan House, the first municipal orphanage in America, from its inception in 1790 through its first five years of operations. The institution was established by city ordinance in 1790 which required the institution “to keep a book of fair and regular accounts of all receipts and expenditures which will be subject at all times to the inspection of the Commissioners.” The ordinance charged the orphanage's Committee on Accounts to “audit” its accounts. The City Council required the institution's board chairman to countersign the financial statements in 1792 before subjecting them to a second “audit.” The Orphan House employed a system of account books that recorded and facilitated the reporting of expenditures and sources of funds. Accounting and external reporting may have been legitimizing factors to overcome the “liability of newness” by promoting a sense of propriety and transparency among benefactors.“I visited the Orphan House at which there were one hundred and seven boys and girls. This appears to be a charitable organization and under good management.”[President George Washington, diary entry, Saturday, May 7, 1791]
9
Elsden, Chris, Kate Symons, Chris Speed, John Vines, and Anne Spaa. "Searching for an OxChain: Co-designing blockchain applications for charitable giving." Ubiquity: The Journal of Pervasive Media 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ubiq_00002_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The OxChain project is investigating the design of blockchain applications in partnership with a large and traditionally trusted institution, Oxfam. We outline some of the potential opportunities that distributed ledger technologies could offer the charity and development sector as a whole, but focus on the challenges of undertaking co-design work in the context of large institutions. We suggest the need to leverage existing trusted relationships and understand the unique value that such institutions offer.
10
Williams, David J. "REGULATING THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS?*." Accounting & Finance 24, no. 1 (February 25, 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629x.1984.tb00047.x.
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Bowman, Woods. "Confidence in Charitable Institutions and Volunteering." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 33, no. 2 (June 2004): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764004263420.
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O’CONNOR, RAY. "Institutionalising changing conceptualisations of charity in Ireland: charitable loan fund societies in Ireland, 1729-1823." Studia Hibernica: Volume 48, Issue 1 48, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sh.2022.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article provides a detailed account of the origins, ethos and distribution of charitable loan fund societies in Ireland between 1729 and 1823. Charitable loan fund societies differed from other early financial institutions because they were area-based philanthropic societies that sought to animate a philosophy of poverty relief that advocated self-help and self-reliance. They were institutional articulations of early modern ideas about the role and nature of charity and how charitable acts should be administered. This article explains the origins of the first charitable loan fund established by Dean Jonathan Swift in St Patrick’s Parish, Dublin city and provides new insights into the origins of the second loan fund operated by the Dublin Charitable Musical Society. It traces the spread of thirty-two charitable loan fund societies across Ireland in the second half of the eighteenth century and the first two decades of the nineteenth century and places them in the wider context of the associational culture that emerged in Ireland from the mid-eighteenth century. It provides a very brief account of the origins and modus operandi of each charitable loan society and argues that a critical factor impeding the greater spread of the loan fund schemes was a lack of capital.
13
Gintis, Herbert. "Review of Hanushek "Making Schools Work"." education policy analysis archives 3 (March 31, 1995): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v3n7.1995.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Making Schools Work is about the economics of educational policy. The Brookings Institution, publisher of the volume, is among the most respected institutions of economic policy research in the United States. The analysis and recommendations offered by Eric Hanushek, Professor of Economics at the University of Rochester, are based on original research financed by the Pew Charitable Trusts, and carried out by a distinguished group of economists.
14
Orbay, Kayhan. "Coping with Institutional and Financial Crises in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Ensuring the Survival of Ottoman Royal Waqfs." Medieval History Journal 22, no. 2 (November 2019): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945819890444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Ottoman Empire had inherited the waqf (charitable foundation) as an institutionalized form of charity from the Near Eastern Islamic states, which had preceded it. Over time, new forms of charitable foundations emerged, while with the expansion of the Empire, waqfs grew in number and spread geographically. Donors created over fifty thousand charitable foundations, making them into the most widespread institution in Ottoman history. Some waqfs, the largest ones in particular, survived for many centuries. However, sometimes continued functioning was under severe threat, due to wars, epidemics, natural disasters, and rebellions. To overcome financial straits, the waqfs resorted to a variety of measures. Occasionally, a royal waqf in difficulty received assistance from other foundations established by sultans and/or their relatives. Administrators reduced current expenditures, sometimes even suspending salaries and charitable services. Moreover, through long-term lease contracts involving substantial down payments by the lessees, waqf administrators often raised the money needed to restore damaged properties. In the present paper, we study Ottoman royal waqfs when exposed to adversities and financial hardships. As administrators reacted with considerable flexibility, the claim that the waqfs were rigid institutions is in obvious need of revision.
15
Jakulis, Martynas. "NOBILES PAUPERES: VILNIAUS MISIONIERIŲ ŠPITOLĖS GLOBOTINIAI XVIII A." Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija, T. 4 (October 8, 2018): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/xviiiastudijos/t.4/a2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1695, Jan Teofil Plater and his wife Aleksandra founded a hospital for six impoverished nobles in Vilnius. Situated near the newly built church of the Ascension and the convent of the Congregation of Mission in the Subocz suburb beyond the city walls, this hospital was the first and, until the end of the eighteenth century, the only charitable institution providing care for individuals of particular social status. The article, based on the hospital’s registry book and other sources, examines the quantitative, as well as qualitative characteristics of the institution’s clientele, such as its fluctuations in size, its social composition, and the causes of its inmates’ impoverishment. The research revealed that, despite the demand for care, the overseers managed to maintain a stable number of inmates, rarely admitting more than one or two persons every year, and thus ensuring a steady operation of the hospital (see table 1). However, in contrast with other charitable institutions in Vilnius, the clientele of the Congregation of Mission hospital changed frequently because of expulsions (39.6 percent of all cases) and inmates leaving the hospital on their own initiative (20.1 percent) already in the first year of their stay. The mortality of inmates (27.8 percent) affected the size and turnover of the clientele to a much lesser extent than observed in other hospitals. Although there are no reliable data on the inmates’ age and health, such statistics show that they probably were younger and healthier than the clients of other charitable institutions in Vilnius. Moreover, the Congregation of Mission hospital’s inmates differed from the clients of other institutions in respect of social composition. Impoverished petty nobles, originating mainly from the districts of Lida and Oszmiana, constituted the majority (56.25 percent) of the hospital’s inmates whose social status is noted in the registry book (62.5 percent). The nobles became clients of the Congregation of Mission hospital either because of old age, disability, as well as other accidental causes, or because of increased social vulnerability outside mutual aid networks, comprised of family members, kin or neighbours. The article argues that the foundation of a hospital designated to provide care primarily for impoverished nobles shows that the poverty of nobles was recognized by contemporaries as a social problem that should be tackled. Keywords: poverty, charity, hospital, the Congregation of Mission, Vilnius, nobles, eighteenth century.
16
Gromova, Anna. "Participation of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna in the Charitable Institutions under the Auspices of the Imperial House of Romanovs: Traditions and Novations." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019005-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the contribution of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (1864—1918) to the activities of charitable institutions under the patronage of the Imperial House of Romanoff. The article reflects the activities of Elizabeth Feodorovna in the Russian Red Cross Society, the Institution of Empress Maria, the Imperial Philanthropic Society, wartime committees for assistance to soldiers and their families. The author has attempted to show the Grand Duchess's adherence to the traditional ways of charity adopted in the institutions under the care of the House of Romanoff, and her introduction of new ways and forms of social assistance to all those in need in peacetime and during wars.
17
Tillier, Mathieu. "Charity, Endowments, and Charitable Institutions in Medieval Islam." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 50, no. 4 (2007): 574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852007783244972.
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Hirschler, Konrad. ":Charity, Endowments, and Charitable Institutions in Medieval Islam." American Historical Review 114, no. 2 (April 2009): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.114.2.515.
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Grey, M. "Collections management at the Joggins Fossils Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site: a new model?" Geological Curator 9, no. 5 (May 2011): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper outlines what we believe to be a unique collections management model wherein two institutions, one, a non-profit charitable organization (Joggins Fossil Institute) and the other, a governmental institution (Nova Scotia Museum), collaborate within the limits and framework of provincial legislation to curate a collection of geological and palaeontological specimens. We provide details of the collection management model which includes the development a data management system (Mini-MIMS) and an on-line searchable database that has been made available to the public.
20
Ramos, Christina. "Caring for pobres dementes:Madness, Colonization, and the Hospital de San Hipólito in Mexico City, 1567–1700." Americas 77, no. 4 (October 2020): 539–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThis article examines the early history of the Hospital de San Hipólito in Mexico City, which delivered charitable care and basic medical services to a vulnerable category of colonial subjects known as “pobres dementes,” or mad paupers. In spite of the vast and robust literature on the history of madness and its institutions, surprisingly little is known about this institution, which, founded in 1567, holds a claim to being the first hospital of the Americas to specialize in the care and custody of the mentally disturbed. The article draws on archival sources and biographies of the hospital's founder to reconstruct San Hipólito's origins, activities, patient population, and interior life. It asks how the hospital registered the transfer and adaptation of institutions, ideas, and practices from the Old World to the New. It argues, ultimately, that San Hipólito served as an imperfect tool of colonial governance—and that it did so less through exerting control over a multiracial, recalcitrant, and marginal group of colonial society than through the reproduction of charitable practices and ideas that lent legitimacy to Catholicism and Hapsburg models of paternal authority.
21
Hager, Mark A., and E. C. Hedberg. "Institutional Trust, Sector Confidence, and Charitable Giving." Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing 28, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2015.1011508.
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22
Fadilah, Sri. "Going Concern: An Implementation inWaqf Institutions (Religious Charitable Endowment)." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (November 2015): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.046.
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Miller, Timothy S. "Charity, Endowments, and Charitable Institutions in Medieval Islam (review)." Catholic Historical Review 93, no. 1 (2007): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2007.0113.
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Alsamara, Tareck, Farouk Ghazi, and Halima Mallaoui. "Administrative Organization of Health Care Institutions in Algeria: Between Centralization and Decentralization." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (May 20, 2022): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: This article addresses how health institutions operate in Algeria. It deals with the problem of the management of health institutions in Algeria between centralization and decentralization. This means are there spaces for health institutions in the formulation of local health policies? Algeria seeks to establish local health institutions in response to current demographic growth. AIM: This study evaluates the Algerian legislature’s success in developing a legal framework for the administrative organization of health care institutions. METHODS: This comparative study focuses on legal texts, using data from the national statistical office, the World Bank, and the official Algerian news agency. RESULTS: The study finds a close relationship between free health services and the dominance of central health authorities that finance all public health institutions, including residents’ medical expenses, screening, surgery, and rehabilitation. Non-resident patients are compensated for treatment by state insurance funds (CNAS and CASNOS). There are no charitable hospitals. Therefore, civil society and humanitarian, charitable institutions are invited to launch initiatives regarding charitable hospitals, because they will contribute to relieving pressure in public health institutions and will also help in promoting public health in Algeria. The Ministry of Health controls central health services. CONCLUSION: Algerian health law mixes central and decentralized management but does not encourage local health institutions to seek funding and administrative independence. Algeria’s health system needs to be reformed.
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Johari, Fuadah, Nursilah Ahmad, Mohammad Haji Alias, Syadiyah Abdul Shukor, Kalsom Abd Wahab, Muhammad Ridhwan Ab. Aziz, Zurina Kefeli @ Zulkefli, Nor Masitah Mohd Orip, Fauzi Abu Hussin, and Patmawati Ibrahim. "An Empirical Study on Awqaf Endowers’ Perception: Imperatives for Awqaf Institutions’ Success." Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v15i2.178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The success of awqaf institutions are determined by many factors, among others is good feedback from the endowers either from their contribution or repeat endowing. This study investigates the perception of endowers to endow and factors motivating them to repeat endowing in ensuring waqf institution success among 366 respondents in 2014. The study employs two models of multiple linear regression analysis. The first model examines the determinant factors influencing the intention to endow whereas the second model investigates internal and external factors influencing the intention to repeated waqf endowment in future. The findings show integrity of waqf institution, religious obligation and access to cash waqf have significant contribution to the endower’s perception to endow cash waqf. Meanwhile, repeated cash waqf behavior will take place if endowers are familiar with waqf institutions and have easy access to cash waqf as these two variables are significantly related to dependent variable. Thus, in order to motivate endowers to repeat cash waqf behavior, continuous promotion to create familiarity together with easy access to cash waqf are vital to encourage repeated charitable behavior.
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Orbay, Kayhan. "Imperial Waqfs within the Ottoman Waqf System." Endowment Studies 1, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685968-00102002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper defines the category of imperial waqfs in the Ottoman waqf system. This category comprises the waqf complexes founded by the sultans, dynasty members and high-ranking state servants. A distinctive feature of imperial waqfs is the amount and variety of sources of income devoted to these institutions, so that consequently their huge budgets outweighed the budgets of thousands of ordinary waqfs. Their financial resources allowed them to provide diverse and costly charitable services and to emerge as economic and social institutions extending their influence over several towns and wide rural regions. Their economic, financial, and even charitable activities created a field of economic influence through the redistributive mechanisms of waqfs. This economic field and its influence are called the waqf economy in this paper. Some of the largest imperial waqfs were under the supervision of central offices and their institutional organization and administration was more sophisticated than the other waqfs. Organizational and administrative hierarchy and the delegation of authority over multiple levels of this hierarchy in the imperial waqfs, in the centrally-controlled waqfs in particular, gave rise to an agency problem. The imperial waqfs designated additional control and monitoring systems and an efficient incentive mechanism in order to solve the agency problem.
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Cherepania, Mariia. "COOPERATION OF BOADINGT SCHOOLS WITH CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS OF TRANSCARPATHIA OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 1(48) (May 27, 2021): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.439-443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The activities of boarding schools in Transcarpathia in the first half of the XX-th century were organized and carried out with the direct participation of the state, but the active support of such institutions was carried out by various charitable organizations. The purpose of the article is to study the areas of cooperation of boarding schools in Transcarpathia in the first half of the XX-th century with charitable organizations. Methods applied: search and bibliographic method exists for the study of archival and library catalogs, collections and descriptions; content analysis of archival materials in order to identify the retro features of the organization and the content of cooperation of boarding schools of Transcarpathia with charitable organizations; interpretation and generalization − in order to update and identify ways to implement constructive historical experience in the modern practice of institutional care, formulation of conclusions, recommendations. The formation and development of boarding schools in Transcarpathia in the first half of the twentieth century depended primarily on the educational and social policy of the states to which the Transcarpathian lands belonged. Also, the activities of boarding schools of the first half of the XX-th century were accompanied by the active support of charitable public organizations that operated during the stay of the Transcarpathian lands as part of both Austria-Hungary and Czechoslovakia, including: League for the Protection of Children (creation of boarding schools at craft schools; holding charity events; supporting families in difficult life circumstances; organization of children's rehabilitation campaigns); the union «Shkolskaia pomoch» /»School help»/ (cooperation in the field of education of pupils of boarding schools, actively carries out student actions); union «Nadiya»/»Hope»/ (guardianship of war veterans' children); union of church teachers (guardianship of orphans of parish and state teachers, assistance in teaching in pedagogical education institutions); union «Patronage» (care for single mothers); counseling center «To our children»(care for the health of vulnerable children); Masaryk League against tuberculosis (children's recovery). Coordination of the actions of this unions, charitable foundations, public organizations was established on April 31, 1923 in the town Mukachevo. This work was carried out by the regional branch of the State Committee for Youth Guardianship, which was opened in the town Mukachevo in 1923.
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Kades, Eric. "The Charitable Continuum." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 285–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2021-0011.
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Abstract There are powerful fairness and efficiency arguments for making charitable donations to soup kitchens 100% deductible. These arguments have no purchase for donations to fund opulent church organs, yet these too are 100% deductible under the current tax code. This stark dichotomy is only the tip of the iceberg. Looking at a wider sampling of charitable gifts reveals a charitable continuum. Based on sliding scales for efficiency, multiple theories of fairness, pluralism, institutional competence and social welfare dictate that charitable deductions should in most cases be fractions between zero and one. Moreover, the Central Limit Theorem strongly suggests that combining this welter of largely independent criteria with the wide variety of charitable gifts results in a classic bell-shaped normal curve of optimal deductions, with a peak at some central value and quickly decaying to zero at the extremes of 0% and 100%. Given that those are the only two options under the current tax code, the current charitable deduction regime inevitably makes large errors in most cases. Actually calculating a precise optimal percentage for each type of charitable donation is of course impractical. This Article suggests, however, that we can do much better than the systematically erroneous current charitable deduction. Granting a 100% deduction only for donations to the desperately poor, along with 50%, 25%, and 0% for gifts yielding progressively fewer efficiency, fairness, pluralism, and institutional competence benefits, promises to deliver a socially more desirable charitable deduction.
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Giroux, Marie-Christine. "Accueillir, vêtir, nourrir, instruire, éduquer et soigner : la protection de l’enfance à l’Hospice Saint-Joseph des Soeurs Grises de Montréal (1854-1911)1." Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française 65, no. 2-3 (August 29, 2013): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018242ar.
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Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle à Montréal, la bourgeoisie montante s’intéresse de plus en plus à la misère quotidienne urbaine. Avec l’appui de l’élite cléricale, elle fonde quelques institutions destinées à certaines clientèles, comme les enfants victimes de l’industrialisation et de l’urbanisation. C’est dans ce contexte qu’Olivier Berthelet, bourgeois canadien-français, fonde l’Hospice Saint-Joseph de Montréal. En 1854, cette institution charitable passe aux mains des Soeurs Grises qui y accueillent principalement des « orphelines ». Dès lors, les religieuses cherchent à s’adapter aux besoins matériels, éducatifs et spirituels des familles, et ce, en composant avec les objectifs de régulation sociale à l’origine de l’institution. Dans le cadre de la société patriarcale, elles parviennent à administrer l’Hospice bien qu’elles se heurtent constamment à des problèmes de sous-financement et de manque de personnel. Ces difficultés récurrentes les mèneront graduellement à transformer la vocation charitable de l’institution jusqu’à ce qu’elle devienne l’École ménagère Saint-Joseph en 1911. À plusieurs égards, ce cas d’étude intéressant illustre bien les limites du réseau d’assistance catholique mis en place au milieu du XIXe siècle.
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Nundy, Madhurima. "Emergence and Social Transformation of Charitable Medical Institutions in Delhi." History and Sociology of South Asia 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2014): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2230807514524096.
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Mushtaq, Maham, and Danish Ahmed Siddiqui. "Exploring the Nexus Between Culture, Values, Institutions, Happiness and Philanthropy: A Global Evidence." International Journal of Social Work 7, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v7i1.16366.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of culture, values, institutions, and happiness on the world’s philanthropy. Culture is measured by Hofstede index (i.e. individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, long and short-run orientation, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and indulgence-restraint). The measurement of value is WVS (World Value Survey) and it consists of the emotion of happiness, active/ inactive membership of a church or religious organization, important in life; religion, confidence on charitable/ humanitarian organization and active/ inactive membership of charitable/ humanitarian organization. Institutions are measured by WGI (World Governance Indicators) and it consists of corruption, regulatory quality, accountability and voice, rule of law, political stability and government effectiveness, the sub-variables of happiness (index) are social support, freedom to take decisions and generosity and world’s philanthropy is measured by CAF (Charitable Aid Foundation) world giving index. We have gathered panel data (from the period 2010 to 2014) of CAF index, happiness index and WGI of 62 countries and cross-sectional data of CAF index, Hofstede index, WGI, happiness index and WVS of 24 countries. The result (of panel data) shows that there is a significant relation of WGI, social support and freedom of choice with CAF index whereas there is an insignificant connection between generosity and CAF index. The findings (of cross-sectional data of all factors combined) shows that there is a relation of the Hofstede index and happiness index with the CAF index while there is no linkage of WGI and WVS with the CAF index. The study suggests that charitable organizations should personify their value in order to build trust among the public. Countries should improve their governance because this will lead to equality and by doing this countries will also manage their resources efficiently and effectively.
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Kosov, M. E. "FINANCIAL MECHANISM OF CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 9 (October 26, 2019): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-9-157-165.
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The functioning of charitable organizations in modern economic conditions requires significant financial resources. Analysis of financial aspects of Russian charitable organizations and development of recommendations for financial mechanism improvement are aims of the paper. The main problem of the financial mechanism functioning of the Russian charitable organizations is, that the legislation refers to charity, target assistance to specific people and organizations in limited period of time. The regulatory framework should encourage the emergence of sustainable charitable institutions – organizations, which are committed to long-term work. To expand their capabilities, it is advisable for charitable foundations to implement projects, related to commercial activities, all profits from which will be directed to the working capital of the Fund for purpose of redirecting to charity.
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List, John A. "The Market for Charitable Giving." Journal of Economic Perspectives 25, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.2.157.
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Through good and bad economic times, charitable gifts have continued to roll in largely unabated over the past half century. In a typical year, total charitable gifts of money now exceed 2 percent of gross domestic product. Moreover, charitable giving has nearly doubled in real terms since 1990, and the number of nonprofit organizations registered with the IRS grew by nearly 60 percent from 1995 to 2005. This study provides a perspective on the economic interplay of three types of actors: donors, charitable organizations, and government. How much is given annually? Who gives? Who are the recipients of these gifts? Would changes in the tax treatment of charitable contributions lead to more or less giving? How can charitable institutions design mechanisms to generate the greatest level of gifts? What about the effectiveness of seed money and matching grants?
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Liu, Jianke, Nan Zheng, Xi Lu, and Yi Qu. "Corporate Charitable Donation Under the Theory of Organizational Legitimacy from the Perspective of Listed Companies' Violations in a Regional Institutional Environment." Asian Development Policy Review 10, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 241–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5008.v10i4.4601.
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This paper studies the legitimacy of listed companies from the perspective of violation. We use the violation data of all A-share non-financial listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2006 to 2019 and look at the relationship between corporate violation and charitable donation, and the possible influence of the regional institutional environment of enterprises and the degree of association between enterprises and government on the relationship between corporate violations and charitable donations. Compared with violations at the organizational level, enterprises with violations at the executive level are more active regarding charitable donations. The moderating effect indicates that the institutional environment level of the geographical region where the enterprise is located strengthens the negative relationship between the offending enterprise and charitable donation. After dividing into congenital and acquired government enterprise association, the congenital Government Enterprise Association has a strengthening effect on the charitable donation behavior of illegal enterprises.
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Butoescu, Elena. "Charitable London: F(o)unding the First Philanthropic Societies in the Metropolis." American, British and Canadian Studies 36, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2021-0007.
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Abstract As this article is less about charity per se than it is about the relationships between place and institutional policies of benevolence, my intention is to look at how practices and laws of public charity operated in a city whose economic and social geography was changing after 1700, when the streets were populated with vulnerable people driven into poverty and when the subjects of pauperism and poor laws “engaged the attention of the legislature with increasing frequency” (Purdy 287). This article looks at the modus operandi of private and public philanthropic societies in eighteenth-century London in order to observe how both religious- and secular-driven charitable societies were motivated by the same goal of social reform, whether prompted by the Enlightenment or religious values. While the notion of Pietas Londinensis indicated the existence of various operating charities and casual philanthropic acts in the London area, charitable institutions had not been set up until the eighteenth century. In late Stuart and Georgian Britain charitable, London was shaped both by economic forces and by the various cultural meanings people attached to its space, and this new paradigm transferred all matters concerning the poor from parochial obligation to civic responsibility. The article will focus on the mechanisms which made this transfer possible while considering acts of public charity and philanthropic societies that emerged in the long eighteenth century, from hospitals and infirmaries to almshouses and charity schools, with a view to observing the changes in English mentality as a result of charitable activity.
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Baghdad Banine, Ibrahim Gaid, and Houweidi Abdel-Basit. "Cash Waqf as a Mechanism to Modernize the Performance of Charitable Institutions: The Experience of Disadvantaged Families in Algeria." مجلة إسرا الدولية للمالية الإسلامية 13, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 70–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijifarabic.v13i1.242.
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This research aims to discern the effectiveness of cash waqf in modernizing and improving the performance of charitable institutions through the establishment of small, supported projects for the economic empowerment of disadvantaged families. These basic support mechanisms were employed in two pioneering experiments in Algeria: Ethar Productive Family and Bab Rizk Project. Both experiments relied on one type of project financing source: cash waqf. The nature of this source is to maintain the capital while utilizing its benefits for charitable purposes. Despite the recent initiation of the two projects, the results of the study demonstrate how effective cash waqf is in improving the performance of charitable institutions through projects for the economic empowerment of the families receiving sponsorship. It changes their behavior from dependent families to productive ones with an independent income who contribute to the development of the national economy. The two experiments also make use of the society’s capabilities in the form of professional experts and academics in many disciplines by getting them involved in volunteer work. It has led to the modernization of the performance of charitable institutions from their traditional role as mediators between the benefactor and the recipient of philanthropy to a modern performance represented in the process of mediation, training, innovation and ongoing support for projects that provide sustainable income for the recipients of philanthropy.
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Bilushchak, Т., O. Markovets, and І. Shtokhman. "Information and registration tool for optimization of record management processes of the institution." Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, no. 59 (July 16, 2021): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5333.059.11.
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The relevance of the research topic consists in the fact that not every organization can purchase and use information systems to automate record management processes of its activities. This research suggests a model of creating an information resource to optimize the record management processes of the “Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Hospital” Charitable Foundation implemented on the basis of a website for internal use using intranet technologies without large financial costs.
The aim of the paper is to determine the effectiveness of the introduction of the website developed on the basis of intranet technologies for optimization of record management processes in a medical institution on the example of the “Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Hospital” Charitable Foundation.
The methodology has been implemented using the method of a “goal tree” and the method of functional modeling, namely the use of DFD in Gane-Sarson notation, which proposes to consider the simulated process of creating an information resource of record management processes. To achieve this goal, a methodology based on the application of general scientific and special methods of cognition has been used in the paper.
The results. The informational and functional model of creating the information resource in a website format for internal use on the basis of intranet technologies has been suggested to ensure the optimization of basic record management processes, which will allow making analysis and systematization of data on various search criteria.
The topicality. It has been proposed for the first time to create the information resource for optimizing the record management processes of the medical institution on the basis of the website for internal use using intranet technologies. The proposed technology of creating the record-keeping information resource can be adapted not only for small medical institutions, but also for any organizations, which need to automate the functioning of document flows, increase the accuracy and efficiency of statistical, analytical and reference information.
The practical significance. The website designed on the basis of intranet technologies allows to organize the shared use of the record management information resource by the employees of the institution, equipping it with electronic catalogues and search details, which will facilitate the processes of analytical and synthetic information processing, compilation of reporting documentation, etc.
The conclusions. The developed and implemented website model for internal use on the basis of intranet technologies ensures automation of basic record management processes of the institution and provides ample opportunities to improve the information and communication interaction of the institution’s head with the employees of the divisions.
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Khalikova, D. R., and E. V. Khilkevich. "Sociocultural Inclusion: Conceptual Foundations and Development Trends." Autism and Developmental Disorders 20, no. 2 (2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2022200201.
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The formation of inclusive processes in Russian culture sphere is becoming more and more noticeable every year. The article systematizes theoretical and methodological foundations on which modern inclusive practices used in the field of culture are based. It also identifies further development trends in this area. The content of basic concepts of sociocultural inclusion is revealed — the social model of disability, universal design, principles of participation and the accessible environment in a cultural institution. Attention is paid to examples of networking in the field of sociocultural inclusion as a necessary condition for the development of effective and systematic work of cultural institutions with new audiences, in particular, with visitors with ASD in other mental characteristics. Examples of main vectors of cooperation in the field of sociocultural inclusion are given: the involvement of experts with ASD on the creation of special conditions in public spaces, interaction with educational organizations and charitable foundations, which contributes to the emergence of new inclusive programs, the creation of an inter-institutional expert project. It is noted that the main trend in the further development of sociocultural inclusion at this stage is the development of criteria for assessing the effects of introducing practices into the sphere of culture aimed at the integration people with disabilities.
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Musawa, Mubarak Shehu. "Communicated Accountability Of Charitable Organisations: The Case Of Nigeria." Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 8, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v8i1.31157.
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The aim of this study is to examine how accountability is practised by charity institutions in Nigeria.The paper employs Ebrahim’s charity accountability framework to analyse BudgIT’s website, public related documents and news. It is observed that the practice of accountability by BudgIT lays emphasis on upward accountability to donors, focused on primarily reporting basic descriptive financial and performance information. However the research is based on a content analysis of a single charity organisation and, therefore, any generalising of the conclusions beyond BudgIT may not represent the reporting behaviour of all charity institutions in Nigeria.This paper is among the few studies that investigate the reporting behaviour of charitable institutions in a developing country, thus contributing to the scanty literature on charitable accountability in Nigeria.
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Shaikh, Salman Ahmed, Abdul Ghafar Ismail, and Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai. "Application of waqf for social and development finance." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 9, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijif-07-2017-002.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the application of waqf (endowment) in the social finance sector for funding social and development projects and services. Design/methodology/approach The study is qualitative. It reviews literature and provides descriptive data to present its main idea. Findings Most Muslim-majority countries are generally income-poor, and the governments are generally weak in their tax collection, effective governance and capacity for development spending. Private sector financial institutions are scarce and mostly cater to the people who can meet the income-based lending criteria. Thus, the institution of waqf can fill the gap as a social finance institution by providing intermediation services for effectively utilising perpetual social savings. Flexibility in the rules of waqf enables it to serve beneficiaries directly or through financial institutions and to provide a wide range of social services. Research limitations/implications This conceptual research highlights the need and potential of waqf without discussing the regulatory and operational details of how to effectively institutionalize it in different regions. Practical implications The institution of waqf can harness the potential of selfless charitable giving in an effective way for better economic impact in the targeted social segments of society. Originality value The paper suggests the establishment of waqf-based training and vocational centres which will increase opportunities of self-employment and contribute in upward social mobility of beneficiaries.
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Dobson, Rachael, and Sarah Turnbull. "In or against the state? Hospitality and hostility in homelessness charities and deportation practice." International Journal of Law in Context 18, no. 1 (March 2022): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552322000015.
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AbstractThis paper examines how deportation became a solution to rough sleeping in pre-Brexit England. It identifies relationships between the social regulation of vulnerable and marginalised adults, contemporary governance arrangements and bordering practices characteristic of Britain's ‘hostile environment’. Drawing on media reports and grey organisational literature, the focus of discussion is events across 2015–2018 in which three London-based charities were criticised for working with the Home Office to deport homeless migrants under its European Economic Area Administrative Removal policy. The overall tenor of criticism was that collaboration with the government compromised the organisations’ independence and charitable missions and aims. This diminished their capacity to both advocate for vulnerable adults and effectively challenge oppressive state practices. The paper observes how state and nonprofit relations structure institutional and socio-legal responses to marginalised and ‘othered’ adults through commissioning and contracting mechanisms. It demonstrates that the social and legal control of homeless migrants may be differently constituted by institutions delivering services in relation to citizenship, vulnerability and marginalisation. This analysis incorporates a broader appraisal of institutional motivations, values and beliefs in social welfare delivery, including the historic role of charitable agencies in the criminalisation of social welfare users. Taken together, the paper offers an interdisciplinary critique of the relationships between border control, neoliberal governance and the sociocultural and historic construction of homeless migrants.
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Orbayy, Kayhan. "ACCOUNT BOOKS OF THE IMPERIAL WAQFS (CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS) IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (15th TO 19th CENTURIES)1." Accounting Historians Journal 40, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.40.1.31.
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ABSTRACT The history of accounting in the Eastern Mediterranean has not been adequately studied through its primary sources, despite the fact that the Turkish archives house an enormous amount of material for exploring accounting practices in the Ottoman Empire. Ottomanists used the account books as sources for Ottoman socioeconomic and institutional history. They analyzed, fully transliterated and published the account registers of the central treasury, the Istanbul shipyard and the waqf institutions. Nevertheless, accounting historians did not even show interest into published archival sources up until recent years. Owing to a few recent works that were based on the primary sources, nowadays accounting historians are more and more aware of the richness and significance of Ottoman archives for accounting history and for comparative accounting research as well. This study introduces the account books kept in the Ottoman waqf institutions between the 15th and 19th centuries in order to raise awareness of the Eastern Mediterranean accounting tradition and to spark further in-depth and comparative works focused on the history, functioning, role and change of accounting in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Wójcik, Monika. "Świeccy fundatorzy instytucji dobroczynnych w Kościele starożytnym." Vox Patrum 42 (January 15, 2003): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.7163.
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Charitable activities go back to the very beginning of Christianity, but charity institutions were founded since the fourth century. In 321 A.D. the Church was granted testament factio passiva which allowed lay people to cede their property to the Church. In many cases there is no certainty about who the founder of a charity was. However, it is certain that the first founders were bishops. The earliest information about lay founders date back to the first half of the fourth century in the East and the end of the fourth century in the West. The historical sources of the following centuries are more numerous. Also, imperial constitutions, many of which were issued by Justinian, were the proof of charities founded by lay people and they functioned as a safeguard of the instructions concerning charitable activities. Lay founders were given a legal guarantee to run the charity they founded. However, the legal status of the charitable institutions of that time is still a matter of argument.
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Wiepking, Pamala, Femida Handy, Sohyun Park, Michaela Neumayr, René Bekkers, Beth Breeze, Arjen de Wit, et al. "Global Philanthropy: Does Institutional Context Matter for Charitable Giving?" Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 50, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 697–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764021989444.
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In this article, we examine whether and how the institutional context matters when understanding individuals’ giving to philanthropic organizations. We posit that both the individuals’ propensity to give and the amounts given are higher in countries with a stronger institutional context for philanthropy. We examine key factors of formal and informal institutional contexts for philanthropy at both the organizational and societal levels, including regulatory and legislative frameworks, professional standards, and social practices. Our results show that while aggregate levels of giving are higher in countries with stronger institutionalization, multilevel analyses of 118,788 individuals in 19 countries show limited support for the hypothesized relationships between institutional context and philanthropy. The findings suggest the need for better comparative data to understand the complex and dynamic influences of institutional contexts on charitable giving. This, in turn, would support the development of evidence-based practices and policies in the field of global philanthropy.
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Campos, Rebeca E. "Charity institutions as networks of power: how Anzia Yezierska's characters resist philanthropic surveillance." Journal of English Studies 15 (November 28, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3135.
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At the end of the nineteenth-century, American private institutions took the charge of spreading national values due to the massive wave of eastern European immigration. These institutions, especially charitable organizations, supported the integration of immigrants, however, from a classist perspective. According to the Polish-American author Anzia Yezierska (1885-1970), their apparently inclusive programs actually hindered the fulfilment of the discourse of the American Dream, which is based on the premise of preserving individual differences. By comparing those charitable institutions to Michel Foucault’s panoptical prison, this research attempts to demonstrate how the similarities between both structures help understand up to what extent the benefactresses in charge accurately managed to influence the newly arrived immigrants. The hierarchy of power established between them would determine the latter’s difficulties to achieve the recognition of their individualities from their intersectional experiences. The alternative to the monitoring network, thus, appears in the act of solidarity, a kind of resistance that allows ghettoized characters to perform their cultural distinctiveness away from Americanization.
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Oleynikova, Elena. "State Concept of Social Management and Its Implementation in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century (On the Materials of Saratov Province)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2020): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.1.17.
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Introduction. The paper deals with the conception of state social management in Russia after the reform of the system of local self-government in the second half of the 19th century and the practical activities of charitable organizations at the provincial and district levels. Methods. The research is based on the social legislation of the period under study, the works of Russian social policy researchers of the 19th – early 20th centuries, materials of statistical collections, periodicals. Analysis. The concept of charity and philanthropy, being developed during the period under study, involved the transformation of public-private philanthropy into public charity. Its main actors are the provincial and city authorities, which solve social problems in conjunction with private charitable institutions and are responsible for the state of social problems. The state reserved coordination and control functions. Within the framework of this concept, specific guidelines for charitable work were developed, including: its distribution to all demographic and social groups in need, a wide range of types of social assistance, and even distribution of charitable institutions throughout the country. However, in practice, innovation touched mainly metropolitan and provincial cities. Territorial and city medical, educational, social and rehabilitation institutions that had emerged in provinces, expanded the possibilities of providing assistance to the most vulnerable segments of the population. However, their distribution was still not even, rural settlements lost significantly. In uyezds, charities were few and could not help all socially disadvantaged groups of society. Results. The article shows that in the period under study, the concept of public philanthropy was not fully implemented.
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Lin, Ting-Ling, Heng-Yih Liu, Chi-Jui Huang, and Yu-Chiung Chen. "Ownership structure, board gender diversity and charitable donation." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 18, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-12-2016-0229.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of ownership structure and board gender diversity on charitable donations for a group of listed electronics companies in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach Using linear regression analysis, this paper analyses the ownership structure, board gender diversity and charitable donations of 380 Taiwanese electronics companies (2011-2013). Findings While domestic institutional investors, such as domestic mutual funds and corporate investors, take more of agency logic view, it negatively impacts on charitable donations. However, the empirical findings of this paper indicate that board gender diversity with the critical number of female directors was positively related to charitable donation. Thus, it is clear that female directors reaching critical numbers were taking more of a stakeholder view of institutional logic, emphasizing the balance of interests of internal and external stakeholders. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to selected Taiwanese electronics companies over a two-year time frame, and charitable donations are the only proxy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity. The paper suggests that, as predicted by stakeholder theory and critical mass theory, companies with boards composed of at least three female directors make higher charitable donations. Practical implications This paper indicates that female directors on the board should have more voices on the board regarding the necessity and importance of CSR. Originality/value The paper contributes to existing literature by looking into the effects of ownership structure and board gender diversity on charitable donations.
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Muhamed, Nurul Aini, Muhammad Iqmal Hisham Kamaruddin, and Nur Syazwani Nasruddin. "Positioning Islamic social enterprise (ISE)." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v6i3.8785.
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The Islamic Social Enterprise (ISE) is increasingly gaining attention due to its flexibility to perform trading activities for income generation while at the same time offering societal contributions. The roles of ISE is greatly viewed from value-based perspective, where the ISE’s objective is to support the Islamic third economic sector in easing the needs of those unfortunate and middle class citizens. Involving in trading activities is imperative for this institution given that collections from donations are insufficient as the demand for contribution is very high, as well as there is some cost acquired in its management. In this case, ISE’s sustainability should be taking care of to ensure the continuous contributions can be given to society. There are several perspectives on the definition of ISE since it is normally formatted in different forms, receiving initial and continuous source of collections from different Islamic charitable contracts and running different activities. Therefore, this paper attempts to position the definition and the context of ISE by deliberating its definitions and characteristics. Thus, the paper reviews the existing literature from the area of Islamic third economic sector and Islamic transaction law and inter-relating these aspects in the context of ISE. The focus is given on the aspect of the institution’s objectives, source of capital using the Islamic charitable contracts, its activities and; income generation and distribution. Based on the findings, the distinctive yet flexible definition of ISE expands the new and relevant area of Islamic third economic sector using Islamic charitable contracts. The discussion highlights that ISE should be guided by maqasid shariah, and follow the Islamic principles. This paper points out that not all Islamic charitable contracts are applicable for ISE, which should be comprehended for new established ISE.
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Lloyd, Sarah. "Pleasing Spectacles and Elegant Dinners: Conviviality, Benevolence, and Charity Anniversaries in Eighteenth-Century London." Journal of British Studies 41, no. 1 (January 2002): 23–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386253.
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As the number and interests of charitable institutions expanded throughout Britain during the eighteenth century, so special fund-raising events, anniversary celebrations, and meetings multiplied. During 1775, for example, the major metropolitan charities and a plethora of minor benevolent societies courted middle- and upper-class Londoners with invitations to concerts and exhibitions. Men could support various hospitals and other good causes by dining in taverns and City Livery Halls in company with civic and ecclesiastical dignitaries, even noble and royal dukes. Both men and women might attend charities' anniversary services, ornamented with special music and a sermon, choosing among dispensaries, hospitals, lying-in charities, religious societies, and various efforts to reform and reclaim the poor for public benefit. On Sundays, armed with tickets, special prayer books, and even keys to their rented pews, women and men might attend the chapel of a philanthropic institution. Alternatively, they could listen to a fund-raising sermon and watch charity-school children arrayed in the gallery of a parish church. Toward the end of the year, they might pay half a guinea each to hear Handel's Messiah in the Foundling Hospital Chapel or go to Covent Garden and Drury Lane to watch tragedies and farces. Charitable activity thus extended beyond churches, alms, and sermons into the theater. It spilled onto the streets as gentlemen processed to dinner; it accompanied art and music. Conversely, waves of fashion drove visitors to one philanthropic institution or another to see deserving recipients, hear a particularly popular preacher, or to be observed themselves.
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Li, Zhenghui. "The Typological Legitimacy of Nonpublic Fundraising Foundations." China Nonprofit Review 6, no. 2 (September 25, 2014): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As an emergent type of charitable organizations, nonpublic fundraising foundations (非公募基金会) are questioned on its legal entity – on whether nonpublic fundraising foundations qualify as a valid type of charitable organizations. In terms of its origin, nonpublic fundraising foundations emerged in China as a product of the mixture of history, reality and imported elements. Fundraising, a key word in the term, is not a right but a duty. The problem with nonpublic fundraising foundations is the overstress on the concept on the one hand and the ignorance of the institution on the other. The solution lies in setting up a sound and clear institution, so as to form an organic system of charitable organizations. The fact that nonpublic fundraising foundations are hardly supported in the existing theories of legal personality reflects the need to reform relevant aspects in the legal system.