Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Institutional architectonics"

The purpose of the article is to study the role of fiscal policy in the context of the development of institutional budget architectonics aimed at ensuring macroeconomic stability, boosting economic growth, strengthening human potential, improving public welfare and defining approaches to its formation in advanced and transition economies. Comparative and factor methods make it possible to cover the peculiarities of institutional environment of the formation of fiscal policy in EU countries and Ukraine in the context of the development of the institutional budget architectonics and to identify ways for its improvement. Methodology. Substantiation of the role of fiscal policy in terms of the development of institutional budget architectonics, determination of its strategic orientations are based on generalization and systematization of experience of advanced and transition economies. For this very reason, the authors analyse and assess the fiscal policy and define special aspects of the formation and implementation of its components in relevant countries. Results show that to increase the effectiveness of the fiscal policy, it is expedient to ensure its interrelation with other components of financial policy based on a combination of fiscal and motivation function. Effective institutional budget architectonics provides means for creating conditions for sustainable economic growth, achieving strategic goals of socio-economic development of the country. Significant tasks of the development of institutional budget architectonics are regulation of the ratio between direct and indirect tax revenues, the structure of budget expenditures in terms of functional, economic classifications, maintaining the budget gap and public debt at the level that contributes to the financial and economic stability of the country, taking into account economic cyclical nature. Practical implications. A feasible budget architectonics would facilitate the maintenance of macroeconomic stability and accelerate economic growth. It is expedient to carry out institutional changes of budget architectonics on the ground of dynamic interconnection of budget and macroeconomic indicators. Value/originality. Fiscal policy plays a significant part in the process of government regulation of socio-economic development of the country. Elaboration of fiscal policy approaches in the context of the development of institutional budget architectonics is an important prerequisite for improving the quality of budget planning, ensuring the strength, stability and dynamic balance of the budget system. It is advantageous to introduce adaptive institutional changes into the budget architectonics in order to accelerate economic growth. Therefore, the article covers the essence and role of institutional budget architectonics aimed at ensuring macroeconomic stability, accelerating economic growth, developing human potential, improving public welfare; it defines the approaches to its development in transition and advanced economies. The authors establish that effective fiscal policy based on feasible institutional budget architectonics provides means for creating conditions for sustainable economic growth, achieving strategic goals of socio-economic development of the country.

The author examines the ideological foundations of political and legal institutional architectonics in Western Europe and the United States and presents its structure. Close attention is paid to the role of social ideas and the development of these issues in modern scientific directions. The author clarifies the principles of synthesis of ideal and institutional and shows three ways of ideological determination of political and legal institutional settings. The mutually conditioned nature of functioning of the system of ideological frameworks and management institutions is substantiated.

The paper specifies the definition of “competence” of executive managers and positional, professional and social types of the general system competence are separated. The communicative competence structure in managers at higher educational institutions for realizing communicative interaction of participants of the professional training educational process is concretized by methodological content components of administrative management, namely administrative-organizational managerial system relations (descending potential of indirect administrative-organizational communication of a policy of higher educational institutions, coordination-subordination architectonics of the “administrative apparatus”, ascending potential of administrative effect at organizing institutional projects), internal system relations (descending administrative-organizational communications of a political strategy of higher educational institutions, potential of ascending administrative-organizational communications for modernization of educational-scientific university systems) and external system relations (sphere of external interaction and system analysis of modern scientific data as to a qualitative external condition of higher educational institutions, world community access to administrative-organizational communication of higher educational institutions with self-government bodies). There are separated communication types of coordination-subordination architectonics of institutional organization of higher educational institutions: administrative-organizational, managerial and process-organizational communications; a structural-logic scheme of mutual influence in contents - administrative-organizational managerial system, internal and external system relations in the “aim tree” of administrative regulation for effective educational policy and quality policy by means of administrative-organizational communications and at realization of the communicative competence of managers at higher educational institutions is projected in the author modification

The article considers the necessity of accelerating Ukraine’s energy services market as a measure for improving energy efficiency of the national economy and energy safety as well as enhancing energy efficiency of housing and communal services. The essence of energy efficiency as an integral indicator of sustainable development of the national economy is revealed. It is justified that the introduction of market relations in the sector of providing energy services will be possible only if there is a proper institutional framework. It is proved that in theoretical and methodological terms, building an institutional framework and, consequently, establishing an institutional environment for accelerating the energy services market should be carried out in accordance with the theory of institutional provision of a balanced growth of the national economy.The main components of institutional provision for accelerating the energy services market are defined and characterized: institutional architectonics, institutional matrix and institutional dynamics. The paper substantiates that in the light of Ukraine’s accession to the Energy Community, a multilevel system for managing energy efficiency and energy security has been elaborated, including a supranational institutional level that requires a clear legal tool for the co-ordination of national and supranational interests in energy efficiency and energy security. The essence and tools of the interaction of the supranational and national levels of institutional provision of the energy services market are outlined.

Внедрение институционального подхода к исследованию бюджетной системы является важным и включает определение признаков института бюджетного регулирования, институциональной среды, обеспечивающее его функционирование, трансакционных затрат с применением теории общественного выбора. Институты бюджетной системы имеют сложную внутреннюю структуру норм, правил, эволюция этих институтов тесно связана с развитием институтов государственного управления, макроэкономического регулирования. На основные характеристики функционирования и развития социально-экономических систем в плоскости общественной жизни с его философскими, правовыми, социальными, психологическими, культурными особенностями непосредственно влияют проявления тесной связи таких факторов, как экономическое поведение субъектов предпринимательской деятельности и факторы, ее определяющие; система и структура стимулов и мотивов экономических агентов; нормы, принципы, правила экономического поведения. Необходимые институты в сфере государственных финансов формируются в процессе общественного развития, определенные функциональные связи, которые устанавливаются между ними, становятся основой возникновения соответствующих финансовых отношений. Институциональная среда раскрывает влияние финансового механизма на показатели экономического и социального развития. Исследование взаимосвязи эффективности бюджетной системы как составляющей государственного регулирования и характеристики институциональной среды страны доказывают, что именно институциональная среда в значительной мере создает условия, при которых в рамках институциональной архитектоники экономической системы выстраивается ее составляющая — институциональная архитектоника финансовой системы. Такие условия существенно зависят от ряда особенностей страны в историческом и социокультурном аспектах, становления институтов в обществе, характеристики его институциональной среды. The introduction of an institutional approach to the study of the budget system is important and includes the definition of the features of the institution of budget regulation, the institutional environment that ensures its functioning, transaction costs using the theory of public choice. The institutions of the budget system have a complex internal structure of norms and rules, the evolution of these institutions is closely related to the development of public administration institutions, macroeconomic regulation. The main characteristics of the functioning and development of socio-economic systems in the plane of public life with its philosophical, legal, social, psychological, cultural characteristics are directly affected by the manifestations of a close relationship of such factors as the economic behavior of business entities and the factors that determine it; the system and structure of incentives and motives of economic agents; norms, principles, rules of economic behavior. The necessary institutions in the field of public finance are formed in the process of social development, certain functional connections that are established between them become the basis for the emergence of appropriate financial relations. The institutional environment reveals the impact of the financial mechanism on the indicators of economic and social development. The study of the relationship between the effectiveness of the budget system as a component of state regulation and the characteristics of the country's institutional environment proves that it is the institutional environment that largely creates the conditions under which its component — the institutional architectonics of the financial system-is built within the framework of the institutional architectonics of the economic system. Such conditions significantly depend on a number of features of the country in historical and socio-cultural aspects, the formation of institutions in society, the characteristics of its institutional environment.

Abstract. The article reveals the role of the public finance system in macroeconomic stability, regulation of economic processes, and improving the level and quality of life of the population. The directions of institutional transformations of the public finance system are determined. The authors disclose the provisions on improving the efficiency of public financial resources, improving public debt management tools, developing the institutional environment of public-private partnership, criteria for allocating public financial resources in the unfavorable dynamics of budget revenues. The share of public debt in the GDP of the EU countries is analyzed and estimated. The article proposes provisions to increase the effectiveness of public financial control and audit, improve the system of public forecasting to ensure timely implementation of adequate financial and budgetary measures and respond to the socio-economic situation in the country, strengthening the strategic nature of public financial and budgetary forecasts. It is substantiated that in the conditions of institutional transformations of formation of budgetary indicators, their architectonics should be carried out proceeding from necessity: optimization of expenses of budgets of various levels; acceptance of new expenditure commitments is possible only if the comparative assessment of their effectiveness is higher than the current commitments, taking into account the timing and level of available financial resources for their implementation; continuous analysis and evaluation of expenditure commitments to determine inefficient costs. The article identifies the importance in the current conditions of development of the public finance system of continuous assessment of fiscal risks to ensure the stability and balance of the budget system; ensuring a sufficient level of flexibility of budget expenditures based on the macroeconomic situation in the country; improving the regulatory and methodological support of the budget process. Keywords: public finance, budget system, public debt, fiscal policy, economic growth. JEL Classification Е62, H60, O40 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 10.

The purpose of the article is to justify the role of the fiscal strategy in ensuring macroeconomic stability and accelerating the pace of economic growth, disclose and substantiate its key objectives in the developed and transformational economies. The comparative and factor method allowed revealing the essence and role of the fiscal strategy as an instrument of economic growth, identifying peculiarities and substantiating approaches to the management of uncertainty of fiscal strategies, revealing the principles of the formation of the fiscal strategy and medium-term budget planning in Ukraine. Methodology. The substantiation of the role of the fiscal strategy in ensuring macroeconomic stability and accelerating the pace of economic growth, and definition of its key objectives are based on the generalization and systematization of the experience of countries with a developed and transformational economy. For this purpose, the analysis and evaluation of the fiscal policy were made, the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of fiscal strategies in the corresponding countries were determined. Results have shown that in developed countries, the GDP gap concept is used in order to use fiscal policy for countercyclical purposes. Budget sustainability is characterized by the ability of state and local government bodies to timely and fully finance budget expenditures and to support the share of budget deficits and public debt in the gross domestic product at an economically sound level. Budgetary stability is the constancy of budget architectonics in time. The essence of budget architectonics is the optimal ratio of budget, tax, social, monetary, and public debt components of the fiscal policy, which is a dynamic institutional process of its development and implementation in the relevant socio-economic conditions of the country’s development. At an appropriate level of budget stability, the level of fiscal burden on the economy does not increase. Fiscal equilibrium – consistency of budget revenues and expenditures. Practical implications. The benchmark of the fiscal strategy in terms of economic transformations should be to ensure macroeconomic stability and accelerate the pace of economic growth by increasing the soundness of budget architectonics. Value/originality. Strengthening the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on the financial and economic environment of the state, and negative demographic tendencies on the development of society necessitate the development of a fiscal strategy as a dynamic self-organizing one with a fractal dimension and scale, the system of long-term financial and economic measures, goals, principles, directions, tasks that are implemented by public administration, in a multiaspect dimension: budget transformations, configurations of fiscal institutions, socio-economic transformations. The fractal dimension implies the formation of a system of long-term financial and economic measures, goals, principles, directions, tasks of the country’s fiscal policy based on the subsystems of the fiscal policy of regions with similar features, which will provide an opportunity to ensure consistency of actions of state authorities and local self-government bodies, constituents of the fiscal policy. The validity of the fiscal strategy determines the level of effectiveness of socio-economic transformations. In terms of economic transformations, budget architectonics, the institutional features of its formation are becoming increasingly difficult to assess in both developed and transformational economies.

The methodological basis of the research on the business architecture of the banking sector of the economy is grounded upon the complex application of the basic provisions of institutional theory, where architeconics are used as a method for constructing financial-economic systems. The article analyzes scientific views on defining the essence of financial architetonics and reasonably concludes that this conception has a wide range of applications and includes most of the open, socio-economic systems, and can be used as a methodological basis for the formation of the business architecture of the banking sector of the economy. The definition of business architecture from the position of methodology of modern architetonics is proposed and a model of the process of formation of the architetonics of the banking system with the allocation of the place of business architecture of the banking sector therein is built. The principles, laws of architeconics and the institutional approach to the study of financial, economic and organizational construction of the business architecture of the banking sector are researched. The research is not only of theoretical, descriptive nature, but it also reflects the results of using a sufficient volume of analytical methods and techniques and contains a number of reasoned empirical generalizations, which allowed to obtain objectively agreed conclusions and formulate separate hypotheses about the ways, mechanisms and dynamics of the processes of formation of modern business architecture of the banking sector.

In the proposed paper substantiates the problem of organizing the efficient use of resources and controllability of the entire reproduction system, which is associated with the creation of a holistic system of capital reproduction, improving the institutional mechanism for forming a single process of capital functioning. Based on modern capital research, the composition of the capital system is determined. This representation of connections in the capital system and its structures is based on the methodology of institutional political economy. The causes of destructive processes in the socio-economic system are the deviation of the current capital structure from the fundamental one and its significant disproportions. This is due to the lack of management of the capital system and ignoring the laws of architectonics. The point of view on the inclusion of institutional capital in the capital system is substantiated, and author's own position on the concept of «institutional capital» is given. The creation of a holistic system of capital reproduction is associated with the functioning of the property system and institutional mechanisms of its management, in accordance with the concept developed by the author «Property system as a jointly separate resource system» (PS-JSRS). Harmonious social development, subject to ideal proportionality, is associated with compliance with the rule of the golden ratio, which is laid in the basis of the fundamental structure of the capital system. The institutional mechanisms of the PS-JSRS can become the basis for the implementation of strategies for balanced socio-economic development. The introduction of these mechanisms at the national, regional and global levels is able to reproduce the fundamental structure of the capital system of a separate country, region and the whole world. To return the structure of the capital system to the fundamental one, it is necessary to pursue a purposeful state policy (monetary, budgetary, industrial, structural, financial) aimed at overcoming imbalances and approaching equilibrium proportions.

Hlushchenko O.V. Shaping financial architectonics to ensure the national well-being. – Qualification research paper. Manuscript. Thesis for a Doctoral Degree in Economics, specialty 08.00.01 «Economic Theory and History of Economic Thought. – V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. – Kharkiv, 2018. The thesis considers the formation of the financial architectonics designed to ensure the national well-being of Ukraine. This study combines the methodological approach ‘beyond GDP’ and a theory of financial transmission mechanisms. The theoretical approaches to defining the functional principles of financial architectonics, aimed at achieving well-being, are given further consideration. The term ‘well-being fund’ is introduced for scientific circulation as a relatively separate financial institution, which allows revealing the state and predicting the movement of financial flows that make up the well-being of the society. The thesis is aimed at proving the validity and verifying the applicability of the scientific approach “Beyond GDP” for the study of national well-being. It determines the effect the transformations of financial architectonics have on the sustainable development of the society and considers institutional and functional changes of the components of financial architectonics that provide financing for national well-being. Chapter 1 provides an outline of relevant theoretical framework and current methodological approaches to understanding the category “financial architectonics” of the national well-being as a derivative from institutional architectonics. An important scientific result of the first stage of the study was to determine the relationship between reciprocal and equivalent forms of exchange and trust. Historically, reciprocal exchange was preceded by an equivalent one. In the process of reciprocal exchange there was a transfer of products of labour without specified norms to their number and the need for a reverse transaction that played a symbolic role and embodied an act of establishing, strengthening and consolidating the relationship of trust between the members of the society. The treatment of the relationships of trust in this perspective allows us to rethink the role of financial institutions in creating national well-being and build up the author’s perception of financial architectonics. The financial architectonics of national well-being is the ratio of hierarchical and network components. In terms of institutional design, public finances create hierarchical relationships, decentralized finances generate network relationships, and financial infrastructure institutes mediate the relationships between them. Fiscal and monetary transmission mechanisms transmit the driving impulses of state policy to economic agents. Transmission mechanisms are analysed in terms of mechanism design. Transmission mechanism of the economic system is a way of interaction of the corresponding state institute (impulse moderator) with economic agents. The purpose of this interaction is to create a driving impulse that has to affect economic agents. Being subject to the impulse, economic agents choose the behavioural strategies envisaged by the moderator, which, in turn, leads to projected changes in certain macroeconomic indicators. Chapter 2 examines national welfare as a category of economic theory and financial architectonics of national well-being. A modified definition of the term “well-being” based on the scientific approach to measuring human development “Beyond GDP” is introduced for scientific treatment. Well-being is interpreted as the level of satisfaction of the human needs, community and society contributing to their material, spiritual, social and physical development harmonized with moral and ethical standards and human needs for environmental protection. Development of the method of estimating financial resources directed by society to achieve well-being bypassing GDP as a relative value indicator becomes an essential element for the logic of the study. The thesis determines the objective boundaries and content of the category “well-being funding”. The latter, being a theoretical reflection of a particular financial entity, performs the functions of accumulation, distribution, redistribution and use of funds. These resources are aimed at achieving a higher level of satisfaction of the needs for sustainable development. The methodical approach to estimate the financial resources of the well-being funding is proposed. It involves estimating the amount of funds directed at human development from state and local budgets, corporations and households, weighted inequality and the inflation index. The application of the developed methodological approach allows us to determine the amount of funding aimed at financing the components of the well-being fund. Chapter 3 addresses the issue of the financial architectonics of national well-being in public finances. An important scientific result of the study is the development of the theoretical basis to differentiate the notions “public finance” and “public finances”. The essence of public finances is defined as a special historical form of state finances. Such a transformation takes place provided there are proper institutional arrangements for possibility and necessity to exercise a social choice at both formal and informal levels. The exercise of the social choice is carried out through delegating powers and authority regarding financial resources for the national, local and specific use from the public to the state institutions. There were determined the channels of financial flows in the fiscal transmission mechanism when analyzing the features of the financial architectonics of public finances. The classification criterion is the division of participation in the formation of the resource base of the well-being funding on tax, expenditure, transfer, actuarial, debt and channels of transformation of state property. In the thesis considerable attention is paid to defining classification signs of the insecurity level of debt burden of public finances. On the basis of the ratio between the amount of debt attraction and the cost of servicing available borrowings there were identified the following levels: acceptable, acceptable critical, critical unacceptable and a state of debt trap, in which the amount of attracted financial resources is less than the cost of servicing available borrowings. Chapter 4 explores the institutions of financial infrastructure and their role in shaping the financial architectonics of national well-being provision. The methodical approach for assessing the state of the financial infrastructure of the financial services market was developed. This result was obtained on the basis of a comprehensive review of the system of financial institutions, their assets, the number of institutional units and areas of influence of state regulators, as well as the Financial Depth index. The content of the concept “financial system fragility” underwent further development in the theoretical discourse. The notional field of the original concept was expanded by including the generalized consequences of domination by speculative and Ponzi-financing as a result of diminishing secured borrowing funds. The growing fragility of the financial system results in the distortion of financial architectonics. We have disclosed the content and consequences of the institutional recourse of the deposit-taking corporations sector in Ukraine caused by massive loss of trust, a decrease in their functional specialization and fuzzy market positioning. The analysis of channels of the monetary transmission mechanism of Ukraine showed the destructive consequences of opportunistic violations, as well as the presence of dysfunctions and deformations. They are manifested in the domination of the channels of the exchange rate and the inflation channel, which provides the remaining channels of the monetary transmission mechanism with the signs of speculation. The identified tendency has a negative effect on the financial architectonics of national well-being, distorting its structure and reducing its funding base. Chapter 5 focuses on validating feasibility of the methodological approach to downward and upward Foresight-forecasting changes in the financial architectonics of the national well-being by applying accelerator tools for sustainable development. The proposed methodological approach enables to qualitatively enhance the strategies for the development of systems with complex operational logic and hierarchical network design. The description of the system of social and economic dimensions of the foresight space of the financial architectonics of national well-being finalises the study. When exercising the foresight of national well-being, it is necessary to take into account the information dimension, i.e. the amount and the accuracy of the information, which determines economic behaviour by economic agents. The results of the study showed that application of the Beyond GDP approach to determining the level of national well-being and developing the necessary changes in the financial architectonics of national well-being illustrated by an example of Ukraine proved to be feasible. The results also proved the effectiveness of using the categorical apparatus of sustainable development when analysing the operation of financial systems and institutions.
Глущенко О. В. Формування фінансової архітектоніки забезпечення національного добробуту. ― Кваліфікаційна наукова праця на правах рукопису. Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.01 «Економічна теорія та історія економічної думки ― Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна, Міністерство освіти і науки України, Харків, 2018. Пізнання процесів, що відбуваються у сучасному суспільстві та розуміння процесів його розвитку вимагають постійного удосконалення методології економічної теорії та розвитку її категоріального апарату. Дисертація присвячена обґрунтуванню та доведенню можливості застосування наукового підходу «за межами ВВП / Beyond GDP» для дослідження національного добробуту. Визначено вплив трансформації фінансової архітектоніки на досягнення сталого розвитку суспільства. Розглянуто інституційні та функціональні зміни складових частин фінансової архітектоніки, що забезпечують фінансування національного добробуту. У першому розділі дисертації ми розглянули теоретичні засади й існуючи методологічні підходи для розуміння категорії «фінансова архітектоніка». Отримані на цьому етапі наукові результати полягають у розкритті змісту фінансової архітектоніки національного добробуту, як похідної від інституційної архітектоніки. Важливим науковим результатом першого етапу дослідження є з’ясування зв’язку між реципрокним й еквівалентним видами обміну та довірою. Історично реципрокний обмін передував еквівалентному. У процесі реципрокного обміну відбувалася передача продуктів праці без визначених норм щодо їх кількості та необхідності зворотної трансакції, що відігравало символічно – знакову роль та втілювало у собі акт встановлення, зміцнення та закріплення відносин довіри між членами суспільства. Розкриття відносин довіри, з такої точки зору, дає змогу переосмислити роль фінансових інститутів у створенні національного добробуту та сформулювати авторське розуміння фінансової архітектоніки. Фінансова архітектоніка національного добробуту є співвідношенням ієрархічних та мережевих компонентів. З точки зору інституційного дизайну, публічні фінанси створюють ієрархічні відносини, децентралізовані фінанси породжують мережеві відносини, а інститути фінансової інфраструктури опосередковують відносини між ними. Рушійні імпульси державної політики до економічних агентів передають фіскальний і монетарний трансмісійні механізми. Трансмісійні механізми розглянуто з позицій дизайну механізмів. Трансмісійний механізм економічної системи є спосібом взаємодії відповідного державного інституту (модератора імпульсу) з економічними агентами. Метою цієї взаємодії є створення рушійного імпульсу, що повинен спричинити вплив на економічних агентів. Під дією імпульсу економічні агенти обирають стратегії поведінки, що передбачені модератором, це, у свою чергу, призводить до прогнозованих змін певних макроекономічних показників. Національний добробут як категорія економічної теорії та фінансова архітектоніка національного добробуту детально розглянуто у другому розділі дисертації. Запропоновано до наукового обігу модифіковане визначення добробуту на основі застосування наукового підходу вимірювання людського розвитку «за межами ВВП (Beyond GDP)». Добробут трактується як рівень забезпеченості задоволення потреб людини, громади, суспільства, які сприяють їх матеріальному, духовному, соціальному та фізичному розвитку, що є гармонізованим з морально-етичними нормами та потребами у збереженні довкілля. Необхідним елементом, що продовжує логіку дослідження визначення методу розрахунку фінансових ресурсів, що спрямовуються суспільством на цілі досягнення добробуту оминаючи ВВП як відносний вартісний показник. У дисертації розкрито об’єктивні межі і зміст категорії «фонд добробуту». Фонд добробуту як теоретичне відображення відособленого фінансового утворення виконує функції акумулювання, розподілу, перерозподілу та використання коштів. Ці ресурси спрямовуються на досягнення цілей, безпосередньо пов’язаних з досягненням вищого рівня забезпеченості потреб досягнення сталого розвитку. Запропоновано методичний підхід для оцінки фінансових ресурсів фонду добробуту. Він полягає у розрахунку обсягів коштів спрямованих на людський розвиток з державного й місцевих бюджетів, корпорацій та домогосподарств, що зважені на коефіцієнт нерівності та індекс інфляції. застосування розробленого методичного підходу дає змогу визначити обсяг коштів, спрямованих на фінансування складових частин фонду добробуту. Третій розділ дослідження присвячено дослідженню фінансової архітектоніки національного добробуту у публічних фінансах. Вагомим науковим результатом дослідження є розробка теоретичних підстав розмежування понять «державні фінанси» та «публічні фінанси». Сутність публічних фінансів визначена як особлива історична форма державних фінансів. Таке перетворення відбувається за умов інституційного закріплення на формальному та неформальному рівнях можливості та необхідності реалізувати суспільний вибір. Реалізація суспільного вибору відбувається шляхом делегування повноважень та відповідальності щодо фінансових ресурсів загальнодержавного, місцевого та спеціалізованого призначення від громадянського суспільства державним інститутам. У процесі розкриття особливостей фінансової архітектоніки публічних фінансів виокремлено канали руху фінансових потоків у фіскальному трансмісійному механізмі. Класифікаційним критерієм є поділ участі у формуванні ресурсної бази фонду добробуту на податкові, видаткові, трансфертні, актуарні, боргові та канали трансформації державної власності. Значну увагу у монографії / дисертації приділено визначенню класифікаційних ознак рівня небезпеки боргової залежності публічних фінансів. На підставі співвідношення між обсягами залучення боргових ресурсів та витратами з обслуговування наявних запозичень. Виокремлено наступні рівні: припустимий, припустимий критичний, критичний неприпустимий рівні та стан боргової пастки, у якому обсяг залучених фінансових ресурсів є меншим за витрати з обслуговування наявних запозичень. У четвертому розділі досліджуються інститути фінансової інфраструктури та їх роль у формуванні фінансової архітектоніки національного добробуту. Розвинуто методичний підхід для оцінки стану фінансової інфраструктури ринку фінансових послуг. Цей результат було отримано на підставі комплексного розгляду системи фінансових установ, їх активів, кількості інституційних одиниць та сфер впливу державних регуляторів, а також показника фінансової глибини (Financial Depth). Подальший розвиток зазнає теоретичне розкриття змісту поняття «уразливість фінансової системи (Financial System Fragility)». Предметне поле вихідного поняття було розширене шляхом включення до нього узагальнених наслідків домінування спекулятивного та Понці-фінансування за рахунок зменшення забезпеченого типу залучення ресурсів. Наслідком зростання уразливості фінансової системи є порушення фінансової архітектоніки. Нами було розкрито зміст та наслідки інституційного регресу сектору депозитних корпорацій Україні внаслідок масової втрати довіри, зменшення їх функціональної спеціалізації та нечіткого ринкового позиціонування. Аналіз каналів монетарного трансмісійного механізму України показав деструктивні наслідки кон’юнктурних порушень, а також наявність дисфункцій та деформацій. Вони виявляються у домінуванні каналів обмінного курсу та інфляційного каналу, що надає спекулятивних ознак решті каналів монетарного трансмісійного механізму. Визначена тенденція негативно впливає на фінансову архітектоніку національного добробуту, викривляючи її структуру та призводить до звуження його ресурсної бази добробуту. У п’ятому розділі дисертації нами обґрунтовано можливість та доцільність застосування методологічного підхід до спадного та висхідного форсайт-прогнозування змін у фінансовій архітектоніці національного добробуту, що ґрунтується на застосуванні інструментів акселератору сталого розвитку. Запропонований методологічний підхід дає змогу якісно покращити рівень визначення перспектив розвитку систем зі складною логікою функціонування та ієрархічно-мережевою побудовою. Завершує дослідження характеристика системи соціально-економічних вимірів форсайт-простору фінансової архітектоніки національного добробуту. Під час проведення форсайту національного добробуту необхідно враховувати інформаційний вимір тобто міру та ступінь довіри до інформації, що обумовлює відбір типу економічної поведінки економічними агентами. Результати, дослідження монографії продемонстрували ефективність застосування підходу Beyond GDP для визначення рівня національного добробуту та розробці необхідних змін у фінансовій архітектоніці національного добробуту на прикладі України. Продемонстровано ефективність застосування категоріального апарату сталого розвитку під час аналізу функціонування фінансових інститутів та систем.

This chapter demonstrates how replacing a theory of punishment that shuns the transgressor with one that connects with that transgressor may sound plain enough in principle, but many things forestall the prospect of reciprocity between punisher and punished. Incarceration that shuns comes close to an instinct in American society, and it has created beliefs, applications, and institutional structures in its wake. Two reasons, one normative and the other pragmatic, indicate why people today should be concerned about punishment regimes enough to want to do something about them. On normative grounds, one must understand the saying that “if you are to reform a man you must improve him.” While in more pragmatic terms, the spreading net of enforcement and surveillance in American culture should be a general concern.

This concluding chapter synthesizes the book's main findings about the architectonic politics of judicial institution building and contextualizes them within contemporary debates. It also reflects upon the lessons of the more than 200-year historical lineage of the institutional judiciary for our understanding of judicial power in America. More specifically, it considers the place of the federal judiciary in America's past and future in empirical and normative terms, respectively. It argues that both political rhetoric and academic exegesis about the Supreme Court embody a fundamentally incorrect presumption about the judiciary being external to politics, and that such presumption leads to a series of misconceptions about the relationship between judicial power and democratic politics. The chapter offers a conception that not only locates the judicial branch squarely within the political arena but also places substantially greater emphasis on its cooperation rather than conflict with other actors and institutions in that arena.

This book explores the historical processes contributing to the rise of the federal judiciary as an independent and autonomous institution of governance in the American political system. More specifically, it examines the puzzle of “judicial institution building” —the puzzle of understanding how the process of “building” the judiciary unfolded over the course of American political development. The book examines how the federal judiciary in general, and the Supreme Court in particular, overcame its early limitations and emerged as a powerful institution of American governance. It also considers the transformation of the federal judiciary from “judicial exceptionalism” to what might be called “architectonic” politics and offers a developmental account of judicial power. The book shows that the story of the judiciary's transformation involved a series of battles over law, courts, and the politics of institutional development.

The problem of the relationship between natural and conventional symbolism shows Merleau-Ponty's concern with maintaining an 'organic link between perception and intellection.' For the body affords in itself and in its relation with the world the model on which the interpretation of symbolism is grounded. This paper develops the view that the architectonic of the body implies a silent structure which is the condition for expressive operations. The body is the 'primal expression,' and this means that it is so organized that it brings forth an institution (Stiftung) of meaning. As regards conventional symbolism, Merleau-Ponty turns aside from an intellectual interpretation by contending that the attempt to find in categoreal activity a common fundamental moment must not overlook the fact that meaningful structures cannot be separated from the materials which embody them because 'matter is pregnant with form.' This view opens up the possibility of considering the cultural formations which emerge in the relationship between persons in language, knowledge, society and history as a reprise of the aesthetic logos in a different architectonic.

Virtual reality environments are ever more going online. This trend, opened by videogames, will open new important opportunities to enhance cultural tourism, given the possibility of creating compelling virtual adventures set in the context of artistic and natural beauties. The authors are exploring these challenges in the context of the Travel in Europe (TiE) project, and developing tools to build enriched virtual environments where the player could explore faithfully reconstructed places and live there information-rich, contextualized experiences. The TiE architecture is based on a state-of-the-art commercial game engine, with massive multiplayer online games (MMOG) facilities that support access to multiple concurrent users, plus ad-hoc designed modules. The 3D model is completely geo-referenced. In each covered area, a few points-of-interest (POIs) are implemented. These buildings are rigorously reconstructed at a high level of detail. The textures for the rest of the palaces are built dynamically by the TiE system using a statistical template-based algorithm that exploits local characterizations of common architectonic elements. The TiE virtual world is enriched by geo-localized, contextualized MicroGames (mGs). mGs are simple, short games that focus the player’s attention on a particular item that is found during exploration of the 3D world. mGs are typically taken from well known simple game models, such as Puzzle, MemoryGame, and FindTheWrongDetails. The main concept that underpins mGs is that, they should be intuitive and easy to play, so that the player can focus on the contents rather than on learning how to play. Preliminary informal tests have suggested that the approach is valid and that the enriched 3D environment supports the contextualized promotion of artifacts, products and services, which is an important growing demand from institutions and enterprises that want to valorize the resources of a territory.

Espai Vert es una singular obra arquitectónica, realizada en Valencia a principios de los años 90. La utilización del hormigón visto en su colosal estructura combinada con una profusa vegetación, la convierten en todo un símbolo arquitectónico de su época. Su imponente materialidad y dimensiones hacen que esta obra pueda catalogarse como brutalista. Del mismo modo, también se encuentra dentro de la arquitectura modular residencial, ya que existe toda una suerte de leyes de combinatoria espacial para encajar sus viviendas en base a una trama regular. En los últimos años esta edificación ha visto incrementar su interés en el mundo académico, y ya son varios los equipos y organismos los que están poniendo de manifiesto su importancia. Este trabajo expone la visión del autor sobre alguno de los puntos más destacados de la obra a través de una entrevista, analiza la parte proyectual y estructural del edificio, y concluye con la importancia y significado del hormigón en esta obra.***Espai Vert is a singular architectonic work built in Valencia in the early 90’s. Its colossal fair-faced concrete structure combined with a profuse vegetation make it an architectural symbol of its time. This work can be catalogued as Brutalist due to its dimensions and materiality. Likewise, it belongs to the residential modular architec- ture, as there are a whole range of space combination rules that t its dwellings according to a regular layout. In recent years academic interest has increased towards this building, and currently various research teams and institutions are exposing its value. The present work exposes the architect’s points of view about some of the main points of this project through an interview, analysing the design and structural part of this building, and concludes with the importance and meaning of concrete in this work.