Статті в журналах: "Inspection strategy"

1

Shen, Wei Guo, Xin Tong Zhao, and Jun Wei Han. "On Inspection Strategy Based on Sample Inspection Reliability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.639.

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As we all known, for a certain product, inspection reliability for the product can be considered and calculated by a famous reliability index as POD (Probability of Detection). While, for a batch of product, Stat. character should be added into POD because one-by-one inspection always is not economic, and POD without any consideration of Stat. character is not used directly for inspection reliability of a batch of product. So, inspection reliability for a batch of products can be considered and divided into reliability of inspecting objective (could be defined as POD) and reliability induced by sample inspection (Rs). In this present paper, inspection strategy based on sample inspection reliability is considered, together with some factors influent to Rs is analyzed such as sample size, producer risk and consumer risk, acceptable quality level (AQL), rejectable quality level (RQL).

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2

Krieger, T. "ON THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF A DISCRETE TIME INSPECTION GAME." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2008.13.37-46.

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In many material processing and storing plants an inspector performs during some reference time interval, e.g. one year, a number of inspections because it can not be excluded that the plant operator acts illegally by violating agreed rules, e.g., diverts valuable material. The inspections guarantee that any illegal action is detected at the earliest inspection following the beginning of that illegal action. We assume that the inspector wants to choose the time points for his inspections such that the time which elapses between the beginning of the illegal action and its detection is minimized whereas the operator wants to start his illegal action such that the elapsed time is maximized. Therefore, this inspection problem is modelled as a zero‐sum game with strategies and payoffs as described. Depending on the concrete situation the start of the illegal action and the inspections can take place either at a finite number of time points or at every time point of a reference period. The first case can be modelled as a zero‐sum game with finite pure strategy sets while the latter one leads to a zero‐sum game with infinite pure strategy sets and discontinuous payoff kernel.

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3

Ibanez, Maria R., and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food-Safety Inspections." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2396–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3318.

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Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes inspection quality by altering inspector stringency. Our analysis of thousands of food-safety inspections reveals that inspectors are affected by the inspection outcomes at their prior-inspected establishment (outcome effects), citing more violations after they inspect establishments that exhibited worse compliance levels or trends. Moreover, consistent with negativity bias, the effect is stronger after observing compliance deterioration than improvement. Inspection results are also affected by when the inspection occurs within an inspector’s day (daily schedule effects): Inspectors cite fewer violations after spending more time conducting inspections throughout the day and when inspections risk prolonging their typical workday. Overall, our findings suggest that currently unreported violations would be cited if the outcome effects—which increase scrutiny—were triggered more often and if the daily schedule effects—which erode scrutiny—were reduced. For example, our estimates indicate that if outcome effects were doubled and daily schedule effects were fully mitigated, 11% more violations would be detected, enabling remedial actions that could substantially reduce foodborne illnesses and hospitalizations. Understanding and addressing these inspection biases can help managers and policymakers improve not only food safety but also process quality, environmental practices, occupational safety, and working conditions. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.

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4

Mehta, P., S. Sadasivan, J. S. Greenstein, A. K. Gramopadhye, and A. T. Duchowski. "Evaluating Different Display Techniques for Communicating Search Strategy Training in a Collaborative Virtual Aircraft Inspection Environment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 26 (September 2005): 2244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902606.

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Aircraft inspection is vital to assure safe and reliable air transportation. Search strategy training has been recognized to be effective in improving an inspector's performance in a visual inspection task. Improving the search performance of novice inspectors can be expedited by providing cognitive feedfoward information about the search strategy adopted by an expert inspector. In a collaborative virtual aircraft inspection environment using eye tracking equipment, novice inspectors can observe in real time the point of regard (POR) data of an expert inspector performing an inspection task. This research evaluates the effectiveness of three display techniques —‘dot’, ‘ray casting’ and ‘decaying trace’ – for representing, the gaze slaved visual deictic reference (VDR) of the expert inspector during search strategy training in an aircraft inspection task. Increase in performance of the novices performing an inspection task after training show the ‘decaying trace’ as the most effective form for representing the expert's VDR.

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5

Mathew, Subhash. "An inspection maintenance strategy using the inspection factor." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 25, no. 5 (May 23, 2008): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656710810873916.

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6

SHEU, SHEY-HUEI, YAN-CHUN CHEN, and LI-HSIU TENG. "OPTIMAL PERIODIC REPLACEMENT POLICY WITH CHECKING TIME." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 12, no. 01 (February 2005): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539305001689.

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This investigation considers a generalized inspection policy for a deteriorating production system with general random minimal repair costs. The inspection times for the inspection strategy are assumed to be non-negligible. Additionally, uncertainty probabilities associated with inspections are introduced. Using a dynamic programming formulation, the optimal inspection time for maximizing profit per unit time for a given overhaul/replacement time is determined. Next, the procedure is extended to determine the optimal periodic overhaul/replacement time, as well as the optimal number of inspections and their schedule.

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7

Wang, Wen-Ying. "Integrated inspection strategy model with inspection errors and positive inspection time lengths." Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 7, no. 2 (January 2004): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2004.10701125.

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8

Tlili, L., M. Radhoui, and A. Chelbi. "Condition-Based Maintenance Strategy for Production Systems Generating Environmental Damage." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/494162.

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We consider production systems which generate damage to environment as they get older and degrade. The system is submitted to inspections to assess the generated environmental damage. The inspections can be periodic or nonperiodic. In case an inspection reveals that the environmental degradation level has exceeded the critical levelU, the system is considered in an advanced deterioration state and will have generated significant environmental damage. A corrective maintenance action is then performed to renew the system and clean the environment and a penalty has to be paid. In order to prevent such an undesirable situation, a lower threshold levelLis considered to trigger a preventive maintenance action to bring back the system to a state as good as new at a lower cost and without paying the penalty. Two inspection policies are considered (periodic and nonperiodic). For each one of them, a mathematical model and a numerical procedure are developed to determine simultaneously the preventive maintenance (PM) thresholdL∗and the inspection sequence which minimize the average long-run cost per time unit. Numerical calculations are performed to illustrate the proposed maintenance policies and highlight their main characteristics with respect to relevant input parameters.

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9

Aït-Kadi, Daoud, and Anis Chelbi. "INSPECTION STRATEGY FOR AVAILABILITY IMPROVEMENT." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 3 (2006): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060517-3-fr-2903.00007.

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10

Sommer, Anne Mette, Andrzej S. Nowak, and Palle Thoft‐Christensen. "Probability‐Based Bridge Inspection Strategy." Journal of Structural Engineering 119, no. 12 (December 1993): 3520–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1993)119:12(3520).

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11

Aït-Kadi, Daoud, and Anis Chelbi. "Inspection strategy for availability improvement." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 21, no. 2 (November 27, 2008): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-008-0192-3.

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12

Yang, Yingnan, and Hongming Xie. "Determination of Optimal MR&R Strategy and Inspection Intervals to Support Infrastructure Maintenance Decision Making." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052664.

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In the commonly used approach to maintenance scheduling for infrastructure facilities, maintenance decisions are made under the assumptions that inspection frequency is periodical and fixed, and that the true state of a facility is revealed through inspections. This research addresses these limitations by proposing a decision-making approach for determining optimal maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R) strategy and inspection intervals for infrastructure facilities that can explicitly take into account non-periodical inspections as well as previously considered periodical inspections. Four transition probabilities are proposed to represent four different MR&R strategies. Then, an optimization program is suggested to minimize MR&R and inspection costs of a bridge element network over a given time period, while keeping the condition states of the element network above a predetermined level. A case study was applied to illustrate the proposed approach. The results show that the proposal approach can support decision making in situations where non-periodical inspections and MR&R actions are incorporated into the model development. If employed properly, this may allow agencies to maintain their infrastructure more effectively, resulting in cost savings and reducing unnecessary waste of resources.

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13

Reinertsen, Rune, and Xiaozhong Wang. "General inspection strategy for fault diagnosis—minimizing the inspection costs." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 48, no. 3 (January 1995): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(95)00022-t.

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14

Maaroufi, Ghofrane, Anis Chelbi, Nidhal Rezg, and Ait-Kadi Daoud. "A nearly optimal inspection policy for a two-component series system." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 21, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-11-2013-0074.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine a nearly optimal inspection sequence for a series system consisting of two components subject to gradual deterioration and whose failures are not self-announcing and can be detected only through inspection. Design/methodology/approach – The problem is tackled in the context of condition-based maintenance (CBM) with a maintenance model in the class of the control-limit policies for which the maintenance decision is made following inspection by comparison of the deterioration level to critical thresholds. A mathematical model is developed to express the total expected cost per time unit as a function of the inspection instants. Findings – For any given series system composed of two components with known critical deterioration threshold levels, and for any given set of costs related to inspection, inactivity due to failure, and preventive and corrective replacements of each component, a nearly optimal inspection sequence of the system is derived such as the total expected cost is reduced. Research limitations/implications – Due to the complexity of the cost model with the inspection instants (×1, ×2, ×3, …) being the decision variables, it has not been possible to derive the optimal solution. A quasi-optimal sequence of inspection times is derived along with the corresponding total average cost per time unit. Practical implications – In many practical situations in which CBM is implemented, a tradeoff between inspection costs and inactivity and replacement costs has to be balanced when determining the intervals between successive inspections at which the degradation level of the components should be assessed and compared to predetermined critical threshold levels. Inspecting too often would increase inspection costs but in the same time it would also increase the probability to avoid a failure and end up with a preventive replacement, whereas not inspecting often enough would increase the probability to end up with a failure increasing replacement and inactivity costs. Originality/value – While the inspection problem has been largely treated for single component systems, inspection policies become much more complex when considering multi-component systems. A two-component series system is considered in this paper.

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15

Chung, Hsin-Yang, Lance Manuel, and Karl H. Frank. "Reliability-Based Optimal Inspection for Fracture-Critical Steel Bridge Members." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (January 2003): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-05.

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To prevent fatigue failure of members in steel bridges, one usually needs to perform frequent periodic bridge inspections and employ detailed inspection methods. This is especially true for fracture-critical members or details. Carrying out these inspections puts a large burden on a transportation agency’s bridge maintenance budget. A systematic reliabilitybased method for inspection scheduling is proposed to yield the most economical inspection strategy for steel bridges that, at the same time, guarantees an acceptable safety level through the planned service life. A methodology is presented for evaluating the fatigue reliability of a specified detail classified according to AASHTO fatigue categories. A Miner’s rule approach is used to evaluate the fatigue reliability. The inspection scheduling problem is modeled as an optimization problem with a welldefined objective function that includes the total expected cost of inspection, repair, and failure formulated on the basis of an event tree framework and appropriate constraints in inspection intervals and minimum (target) structural reliability. An optimal inspection-scheduling plan can thus be obtained for any specified fatigue details (fracture-critical details) in steel bridges. Examples presented demonstrate the advantage of the reliabilitybased optimal inspection scheduling in cost saving and structural reliability control over alternative periodic inspection plans. Two numerical examples for a steel bridge in Texas are presented to demonstrate the proposed reliability-based optimal inspection scheduling.

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16

Zhang, Peng, Qin Guo, and Jun Si. "Application of Risk-Based Inspection in Olefins Conversion Plant." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1013.

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Inspection strategy is an important activity in processing plants, and one of the key tools used for such strategy is the risk-based inspection (RBI) methodology. Risk-based inspection is a methodology for optimization of inspection strategy. Based on principle of the risk-based inspection methodology in API 581, the risk assessment for vessels and pipelines in olefins conversion plant is carried out. The main failure modes and damage mechanisms of vessels and pipelines are identified. All vessels and pipelines in this plant are prioritized based on the level of risk. Risk reduction measures and optimal inspection strategy are proposed. This application of risk-based inspection will provide reference for the inspection of the olefins conversion plant.

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17

Atadero, Jia, Abdallah, and Ozbek. "An Integrated Uncertainty-Based Bridge Inspection Decision Framework with Application to Concrete Bridge Decks." Infrastructures 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030050.

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The limitations of the standard two-year interval for the visual inspection of bridges required by the U.S. National Bridge Inspection Standards have been well documented, and alternative approaches to bridge inspection planning have been presented in recent literature. This paper explores a different strategy for determining the interval between inspections and the type of inspection technique to use for bridges. The foundational premise of the proposed approach is that bridge inspections are conducted to increase knowledge about the bridge’s current condition, and therefore, are only required when uncertainty about the knowledge of the bridge condition is too high. An example case of a reinforced concrete bridge deck was used to demonstrate how this approach would work. The method utilized deterioration models for predicting corrosion and crack initiation time, considering the uncertainty in the models’ parameters. Bridge inspections were used to update the current condition information and model parameters through Bayesian updating. As this paper presents a new idea for inspection planning, not all of the data or models necessary to fully develop and validate the approach currently exist. Nonetheless, the method was applied to a simulated example which demonstrates how the timing and means of bridge inspection can be tailored to provide the required data about individual bridges needed for effective bridge management decision making.

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18

SHIMODA, Y., H. MIYAZAKI, and R. MURAMATSU. "Selection of inspector for visual inspection." International Journal of Production Research 24, no. 6 (November 1986): 1309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207548608919805.

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19

Chen, Tian. "Blade Inspection System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2386.

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The manufacturing quality of turbine blade is the key problem for an engine. Blade inspection is the important safeguard to blade quality. This paper presented some key techniques of a blade inspection system. First of all, the scan planning strategy and the results for a blade for getting as complete as possible data are described. Secondly, the data processing methodologies for the laser measurement data are put forward. Thirdly,the innovated methods of parameter extraction strategy, work flow and the key techniques are analyzed in details. Finally, the inspection results are illustrated. It shows that the presented solutions of the developed blade inspection are valid, practical and efficient.

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20

Davies, Peter, and Danny Constantinis. "Innovative inspection techniques for ultra deepwater drillships and other floating O&G production assets saving costs, enhancing safety, while assuring operational availability and asset integrity." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16012.

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The Hull Inspection Techniques and Strategy (HITS) Joint Industry Project (JIP), a subgroup of the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Research Forum, called for new methods to be developed that enhance safety, reduce costs and support the assurance of integrated asset management. Hull integrity is critical to enhancing safety and operational effectiveness for production operations, particularly for high-value assets. Good hull integrity requires accurate, relevant hull-inspection data of the internal structure, isolation valves, moonpools, external appendages and positioning systems. Current methods use divers or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs); this often disrupts drilling operations and, in the case of divers, is a high but managed risk. HITS JIP called for methods to minimise diver and man intervention in confined spaces. This has now been achieved on several assets while on station, operational and on-hire by an innovative method of conducting inspections from within the hull and using advanced techniques to inspect critical isolation valves, moonpool high-stress areas, thrusters and hull appendages. Aligning internal and external structural inspections optimises operational availability further and is achieved by means of class-approved ‘long-term inspection plans’ that align the ‘underwater’ scope with other hull inspections and spreads the work over several 5-year cycles. As well as safety enhancements, benefits include over 70% persons on board (POB) reduction on diver under water inspection in lieu of drydocking (UWILD) operations, minimising downtime and operational impact, and high-value inspection data. Further advances in hull inspection have also been proven that eliminate man entry of confined spaces for inspection of ballast and other tanks.

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21

Tannock, James D. T. "Choice of inspection strategy using quality simulation." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 12, no. 5 (July 1995): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656719510090018.

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22

Simpson, Craig R., and Ian J. Deary. "Strategy use and feedback in inspection time." Personality and Individual Differences 23, no. 5 (November 1997): 787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00105-0.

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23

Zuckerman, Dror. "Optimal inspection policy for a multi-unit machine." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 3 (September 1989): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214412.

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We consider a machine which generates income at rate I during its operating time. The machine is composed of N independent stochastically failing units. A failure of each one of the units causes a breakdown of the machine.The machine's status (good or failed) is observed continuously, by a controller, at zero cost. In the event of a breakdown, exactly one unit is failed, and a series of inspections is performed, in order to identify the failed unit and the reasons for its failure. At any time along the inspection process only one unit can be tested.An inspection of a given unit is characterized by its cost rate and inspection time. At the end of the inspection process, the failed unit is repaired at a known cost, and a new operating cycle is started.Our objective is to formulate an optimal inspection strategy under two optimality criteria: long-run average net income, and total expected discounted net income.

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Zuckerman, Dror. "Optimal inspection policy for a multi-unit machine." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 03 (September 1989): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200038146.

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We consider a machine which generates income at rate I during its operating time. The machine is composed of N independent stochastically failing units. A failure of each one of the units causes a breakdown of the machine. The machine's status (good or failed) is observed continuously, by a controller, at zero cost. In the event of a breakdown, exactly one unit is failed, and a series of inspections is performed, in order to identify the failed unit and the reasons for its failure. At any time along the inspection process only one unit can be tested. An inspection of a given unit is characterized by its cost rate and inspection time. At the end of the inspection process, the failed unit is repaired at a known cost, and a new operating cycle is started. Our objective is to formulate an optimal inspection strategy under two optimality criteria: long-run average net income, and total expected discounted net income.

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25

Sokolov, Yury. "Integrity inspection planning updated with cost of risk." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16001.

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The industry expenditure savings motive requires a cost/benefit analysis to optimise Integrity Management budgets. The challenge of estimating precise risk costs requires that numeric Probabilities of Failure (PoF) be known at the highest possible level of confidence, as equipment items specific PoFs govern the actual probability of financial losses and safety implications. The first-hand information on the equipment actual integrity condition is contained in numeric results of integrity inspections. In practice, these results are seldom analysed statistically, being collapsed into single ‘worst case’ values. This simplification prevents assessing of equipment specific actual PoFs and from quantifying failure risks when using traditional methods. We developed a new-generation inspection planning and assessment strategy applied to oil and gas pressure equipment. Evaluating equipment PoFs enables assessing risk costs and optimising the budgets, as well as setting justified internal inspection coverage and frequency objectives. This is achieved by a statistical analysis of numeric inspection data. Existing inspection data (such as ultrasonic testing spot-checks) can be used for a first-pass analysis. Statistical plotting of such data automatically visualises the data quality, and the relevant recommendations for improving inspection coverage or tools are drawn where necessary. We found that two criteria drive integrity decision making: failure total costs and annual fatality expectancies. These criteria are mutually complementary. Both need to be considered for a safe and profitable plant operation. Equipment individual risk control strategy is then developed from safety compliance and budget savings maximising standpoints, thereby also enabling confident design and procurement decisions. This is a new-generation strategy suitable for bringing together all branches of plant management and for improving confidence of the parties. We see it as an evolutionary update to Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance practice, which is now in high demand due to cost pressures.

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Drury, Colin G., Floyd W. Spencer, and Donald L. Schurman. "Measuring Human Detection Performance in Aircraft Visual Inspection." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100168.

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In airworthiness assurance, while there is a long tradition of measuring inspection reliability for machine-aided Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI), the more common visual inspection has received little attention. Yet inspection reliability measurements are needed if we are to set appropriate inspection intervals for airframe components. Visual inspection of aircraft is characterized as using multiple senses (despite its name) and having to inspect for multiple fault types, in contrast to NDI which is used for single specific fault types. The study here used 12 professional inspectors to perform nine visual inspection tasks on a long-service Boeing 737 aircraft. Each inspector worked over two days. Measures were taken of performance, strategy and individual differences. Only a fraction of the results are presented here, with a major finding that aircraft visual inspection has approximately the same reliability as industrial inspection. Individual differences were found, as well as correlations between certain aspects of performance and individual characteristics such as Field Independence and Peripheral Visual Acuity. However, there was little correlation between an individual inspector's performance on the different tasks, showing the difficulty of designing selection and placement procedures for such a wide-ranging job.

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Pathmakumar, Thejus, Vinu Sivanantham, Saurav Ghante Anantha Padmanabha, Mohan Rajesh Elara, and Thein Than Tun. "Towards an Optimal Footprint Based Area Coverage Strategy for a False-Ceiling Inspection Robot." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 5168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155168.

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False-ceiling inspection is a critical factor in pest-control management within a built infrastructure. Conventionally, the false-ceiling inspection is done manually, which is time-consuming and unsafe. A lightweight robot is considered a good solution for automated false-ceiling inspection. However, due to the constraints imposed by less load carrying capacity and brittleness of false ceilings, the inspection robots cannot rely upon heavy batteries, sensors, and computation payloads for enhancing task performance. Hence, the strategy for inspection has to ensure efficiency and best performance. This work presents an optimal functional footprint approach for the robot to maximize the efficiency of an inspection task. With a conventional footprint approach in path planning, complete coverage inspection may become inefficient. In this work, the camera installation parameters are considered as the footprint defining parameters for the false ceiling inspection. An evolutionary algorithm-based multi-objective optimization framework is utilized to derive the optimal robot footprint by minimizing the area missed and path-length taken for the inspection task. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is analyzed using numerical simulations. The results are validated on an in-house developed false-ceiling inspection robot—Raptor—by experiment trials on a false-ceiling test-bed.

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JAMALI, Amin, and Bryan T. ADEY. "THE EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT DECISION PROCESSES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF BRIDGES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 1 (October 21, 2015): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897967.

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It is necessary to execute interventions on bridges to ensure that they continue to provide an adequate level of service. It is necessary to inspect them to ensure that these interventions are timed appropriately. As there are negative impacts associated with both inspections and interventions, e.g. the impact on the owner due to the hours of labor and amounts of materials required to perform an inspection and execute an intervention, it is desirable to determine inspection and intervention strategies that minimize these negative impacts (i.e. the optimal management strategy). An important, however often overlooked, factor in determining optimal management strategies, is how management processes affect the determination of the optimal management strategy. In this article it is shown that it is not always possible to determine an optimal management strategy without explicitly taking into consideration management processes, how variations in management processes can be evaluated and that the significance of these variations is dependent on the values of the incurred impacts.

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29

Goebel, Matthias, Swantje Zschernack, and Jae-Woo Yoo. "A conceptual approach for ergonomic design of inspection tasks." Occupational Ergonomics 6, no. 2 (December 4, 2006): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2006-6202.

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Inspection tasks become more and more important for modern production and complex high reliability systems. A major particularity of inspection tasks is to be seen in the fact that the central work process cannot be observed externally. Although inspections tasks include physical activity, the inspection task itself is basically a perceptional and cognitive procedure. Due to the lack of accessibility of a 'work process' or an execution strategy it cannot be broken into separate work steps and cause-effect-relationships. Thus, common ergonomics intervention and design strategies as used for production and service tasks may not be applied similarly for inspections tasks. Requiring to anticipate the attributes of a potential work design variant without having a complete analysis option at hand, explains why engineering and design of work systems remains mostly an expert task. A conceptual model is required to constitute the application of ergonomics knowledge for the design of inspection tasks by delivering insight into the mechanisms contributing or impairing inspection performance. Therefore a work system model is proposed which aims to integrate the most relevant ergonomics concepts in a consistent frame, based on the formal principles of system theory. The linear combination of different approaches shall allow to represent and to explain the complexity of system behavior. This model is extended by a compatible design approach explaining a general structure of design processes and its relationship to the work system model. On the base of the proposed conceptual approach, the particularities of inspections tasks are outlined. This shall support a systematic design of inspection tasks which lack an objective control both on the working level and on the design level.

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30

Zou, Guang, Kian Banisoleiman, and Arturo González. "Bayesian maintenance decision optimisation based on computing the information value from condition inspections." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 235, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x20978127.

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A challenge in marine and offshore engineering is structural integrity management (SIM) of assets such as ships, offshore structures, mooring systems, etc. Due to harsh marine environments, fatigue cracking and corrosion present persistent threats to structural integrity. SIM for such assets is complicated because of a very large number of rewelded plates and joints, for which condition inspections and maintenance are difficult and expensive tasks. Marine SIM needs to take into account uncertainty in material properties, loading characteristics, fatigue models, detection capacities of inspection methods, etc. Optimising inspection and maintenance strategies under uncertainty is therefore vital for effective SIM and cost reductions. This paper proposes a value of information (VoI) computation and Bayesian decision optimisation (BDO) approach to optimal maintenance planning of typical fatigue-prone structural systems under uncertainty. It is shown that the approach can yield optimal maintenance strategies reliably in various maintenance decision making problems or contexts, which are characterized by different cost ratios. It is also shown that there are decision making contexts where inspection information doesn’t add value, and condition based maintenance (CBM) is not cost-effective. The CBM strategy is optimal only in the decision making contexts where VoI > 0. The proposed approach overcomes the limitation of CBM strategy and highlights the importance of VoI computation (to confirm VoI > 0) before adopting inspections and CBM.

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31

Lin, Tsun-Kuo. "A Novel Edge Feature Description Method for Blur Detection in Manufacturing Processes." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6506249.

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A novel inspection sensor by using an edge feature description (EFD) algorithm based on a support vector machine (SVM) is proposed for industrial inspection of images. This method detects and adaptively segments blurred images by using the proposed algorithm, which uses EFD to effectively classify blurred samples and improve the conventional methods of inspecting blurred objects; the algorithm selects and optimally tunes suitable features. The proposed sensor applies a suitable feature-extraction strategy on the basis of the sensing results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.

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32

Cesare, M., J. C. Santamarina, C. J. Turkstra, and E. Vanmarcke. "Risk-based bridge management: optimization and inspection scheduling." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-095.

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Bridge management based on reliability methods permits the selection of the set of repair projects that minimizes the total network risk in a planning horizon. This approach, previously proposed by the authors, uses the Markovian model for the decay of structural components, evaluates the overall reliability of the bridge as a system, and computes risk by taking into consideration the consequences of reduced function. This paper presents important additional aspects of risk-based bridge management. First, genetic algorithms are proposed as an alternative optimization strategy; small and large bridge networks are solved, guiding the solution towards minimum risk. Second, Markovian transition matrices for deterioration and post-inspection Bayesian updating are combined to schedule inspections so that the overall reliability of the bridge network is maximized for a given inspection budget. Results from a simulation study using a real bridge network are presented and compared with current inspection practice. Key words: bridge management, reliability, risk assessment, optimization, inspection scheduling.

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33

Deng, Zong Quan, Guang Ping Hao, De Wei Tang, and Bao Hua Shan. "Study on Scanner for Large-Diameter Tubular Joint Welds Based on Ultrasonic Phased Array." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.265.

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For the complexity of weld, the automatic inspecting for the tubular joints which are in working is difficult. Therefore the scanner which has three degrees of freedom for inspecting of large-diameter tubular joints was studied and manufactured based on the scanning principle of ultrasonic phased array. The following of probe to weld is realized by the simultaneous motion of two degrees of freedom and the pose between probe and weld is adjusted by the other degree of freedom. The control strategy of the scanner was provided. Experiments were made with scanner on reference blocks, the results indicate that the automatic ultrasonic phased array inspection is more excellent than the conventional ultrasonic inspection in reliability and repetition.

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34

Ben Mabrouk, Amel, Anis Chelbi, Lazher Tlili, and Mehdi Radhoui. "A quasi-optimal inspection strategy for leased equipment." International Journal of Production Research 58, no. 3 (April 19, 2019): 878–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1602743.

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35

Moroni, Giovanni, and Stefano Petrò. "Optimal inspection strategy planning for geometric tolerance verification." Precision Engineering 38, no. 1 (January 2014): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2013.07.006.

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36

Chelbi, Anis, and Daoud Ait-Kadi. "An optimal inspection strategy for randomly failing equipment." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 63, no. 2 (February 1999): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(98)00031-3.

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37

Jeong, Yo-Seok, Woo-Seok Kim, Il-Keun Lee, and Jae-Ha Lee. "Development of Bridge Inspection Reliability and Improvement Strategy." Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection 20, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2016.20.5.050.

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38

Najmus-Saqib and Syed Ishaque. "Inspection strategy in fault diagnosis with unequal effort." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 43, no. 3 (January 1994): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(94)90032-9.

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39

Pan, Jason Chao-Hsien, and Damon HE Tai. "A new strategy for defect inspection by the virtual inspection in semiconductor wafer fabrication." Computers & Industrial Engineering 60, no. 1 (February 2011): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2010.09.008.

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40

Eltaief, M., T. Hassine, Chokri Bouraoui, H. Riahi, A. Chateauneuf, and Ph Bressolette. "Toward Optimal Updating Time Inspection Based on Reliability Approach of Fatigue Crack Propagation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 146 (December 2011): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.146.96.

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t is well-established that fatigue crack growth process is one of the main process which can produce failure of structures and mechanical components. The aim of this work is to develop a model predicting an updating inspection time model for structural fatigue crack growth life based on updating reliability analysis taking into account the additional information generated by the previous inspection results. First order reliability method (FORM) and Surface response method are used to evaluate the reliability. The uncertainties such as material parameters and geometrical parameters which affect the lifespan of the structure were regarded as random variables. Updating reliability assessment based on Bayesian approach was introduced to determine the updating inspection time for target reliability. The method was illustrated through an application to a plate with an emergent rectilinear crack loaded with a constant amplitude cyclic stress. The results of the application are in a good agreement with the physical results and show that the proposed method is proved to be feasible and applicable in the general complex fatigue loading and able to give accurate updating framework for scheduling inspections. Furthermore the proposed approach leads to determine the optimal Inspection time strategy based upon cost-minimization by considering a single type or multiple types of inspections.

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41

Halliwell, Amanda. "The CQC's new five-year strategy." Practice Management 31, no. 8 (September 2, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prma.2021.31.8.24.

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42

Gramopadhye, Anand K., Brian Melloy, Hector Him, Scott Koenig, George Nickles, Jamie Bingham, Jillian Kauffman, Jatin Thaker, and Reena Master. "The Use of a High Fidelity Simulator to Improve Aircraft Inspection Performance: The ASSIST Program." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (July 2000): 2–495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401215.

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The aircraft maintenance industry is a complex system consisting of several interrelated human and machine components. The linchpin of this system, however, is the human. Recognizing this, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has pursued human factors related research. In the maintenance arena the research has focused on the aircraft inspection process and the aircraft inspector. Training has been identified as the primary intervention strategy to improve the quality and reliability of aircraft inspection. In response to this need, the paper outlines the development of a high fidelity inspection training simulator (ASSIST: Automated System of Self Instruction for Specialized Training) focused on improving aircraft inspection performance and ultimately aviation safety. The research was funded by the Federal Aviation Administration and conducted by the Advanced Training Systems Laboratory of the Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University and was conducted in cooperation with Delta Airlines and Lockheed Martin Aircraft Center.

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43

Pascual, R., D. Louit, and A. K. S. Jardine. "Optimal inspection intervals for safety systems with partial inspections." Journal of the Operational Research Society 62, no. 12 (December 2011): 2051–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.2010.173.

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44

Álvarez-Tey, Germán, and Carmen García-López. "Strategy Based on Two Stages for IR Thermographic Inspections of Photovoltaic Plants." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 6331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136331.

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Aerial infrared (IR) thermography has been implemented in recent years, proving to be a powerful and versatile technique for performing maintenance at photovoltaic (PV) plants. Its application speed and reliability using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones make it extremely interesting at large PV plants, due to the associated savings in time and costs. Ground-level thermographic inspection is slower and more costly to apply, although it does provide higher optical resolution, due to being conducted closer to the PV modules being inspected. Both techniques used in combination can improve the diagnosis. An IR thermography inspection strategy is proposed for PV plants based on two stages. The first stage of the inspection is aerial, enabling thermal faults to be detected and located quickly and reliably. The second stage of the inspection is done on the ground and applied only to the most relevant incidents revealed in the first stage. This inspection strategy was applied to a 100 kW PV plant, with an improved diagnosis verified via this procedure, as the ground-level inspection detects one-off thermal incidents from objects creating shade and from solar reflections. For PV modules with open circuits or open substrings, the use of one technique or another is immaterial.

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45

Cantieri, Alvaro, Matheus Ferraz, Guido Szekir, Marco Antônio Teixeira, José Lima, André Schneider Oliveira, and Marco Aurélio Wehrmeister. "Cooperative UAV–UGV Autonomous Power Pylon Inspection: An Investigation of Cooperative Outdoor Vehicle Positioning Architecture." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 6384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216384.

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Realizing autonomous inspection, such as that of power distribution lines, through unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems is a key research domain in robotics. In particular, the use of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles to execute the tasks of an inspection process can enhance the efficacy and safety of the operation; however, many technical problems, such as those pertaining to the precise positioning and path following of the vehicles, robust obstacle detection, and intelligent control, must be addressed. In this study, an innovative architecture involving an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) and an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) was examined for detailed inspections of power lines. In the proposed strategy, each vehicle provides its position information to the other, which ensures a safe inspection process. The results of real-world experiments indicate a satisfactory performance, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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46

Sadasivan, S., R. Rele, J. S. Greenstein, A. K. Gramopadhye, J. Masters, and A. T. Duchowski. "Collaborative Virtual Environment to Simulate on-the-Job Aircraft Inspection Training Aided by Hand Pointing." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 25 (September 2005): 2216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902521.

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The human inspector performing visual inspection of an aircraft is the backbone of the aircraft inspection process, a vital element in assuring safety and reliability of an air transportation system. Training is an effective strategy for improving their inspection performance. A drawback of present-day on-the-job (OJT) training provided to aircraft inspectors is the limited exposure to different defect types. Previous studies have shown offline feedback training using virtual reality (VR) simulators to be effective in improving visual inspection performance. This research aims at combining the advantages of VR technology that includes exposure to a wide variety of defects and the one-on-one tutoring approach of OJT by implementing a collaborative virtual training environment. In an immersive collaborative virtual environment (CVE), avatars are used to represent the co-participants. In a CVE, information of where the trainer is pointing can be provided to a trainee as visual deictic reference (VDR). This study evaluates the effectiveness of simulating on-the-job training in a CVE for aircraft inspection training, providing VDR slaved to a 3D mouse used by the trainer for pointing. The results of this study show that the training was effective in improving inspection performance.

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47

Brookes, Scott. "Historic plaster ceilings. Part 2: Survey, assessment and methods of conservation." Structural Engineer 99, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/mfoa1730.

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Following last month's article on the historical development of plasterwork and the typical root causes of ceiling failure, part 2 now goes on to outline the practical assessment and interpretation phase: methods of underside and topside ceiling inspection, how to interpret the inspection's findings, and specifying an appropriate maintenance or remedial strategy.

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48

Choi, Sun Yeong, and Young Hwan Choi. "A New Strategy for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Piping Considering Piping Failure Frequency." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2088.

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The current in-service inspection (ISI) strategy for the nuclear piping in many countries consists of both the code requirements such as ASME B & PV Code Sec. XI and the country-specific regulatory requirements, so called as the enhanced ISI. The enhanced ISI reflects the operating experience of piping failure, while the ASME Code Sec. XI requirement is based on random sampling for the inspection points. In this study, a new strategy for ISI of nuclear piping was proposed based on piping failure frequency. This strategy basically reflects the operating experience because the piping failure frequency is based on the piping failure database. The new concept of minimum inspection rate was also introduced in this new ISI strategy. As pilot study, the new ISI strategy was applied to the Class 1 piping system such as reactor coolant system and safety injection system of Ulchin Unit 5 which is the 1,000 MWe Korean Standard PWR. The results from the proposed new strategy were compared to those from the ASME Code Sec. XI. The results show that the new ISI strategy reasonably reflects the operating experience. The results also show that the concept of the minimum inspection rate can compensate the unbalance in the number of inspection points between the very large differences in the piping failure frequency.

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49

Alfon, Patuan, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Dedi Priadi, and Sulistijono. "Application of Hoop Stress Limit State and Predicted Corrosion Rate in Underground Gas Transmission Pipeline Inspection Plan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 942–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.942.

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In the transmission pipeline system, decreasing the integrity of the pipe is generally caused by corrosion. Limit state of hoop stress can be applied to determine whether the pipe material is still safe for utilizing below its yield stress. Defining the corrosion rate allowable will be essential in formulating risk of corrosion in the pipeline system. Using an external corrosion rate model generated by soil, the prediction of corrosion rate in every year service life of material will determine the frequency of inspection by adjusting the threshold category. The predicted corrosion rate in every year is as a function of soil resistivity by a factor of coating breakdown and cathodic protection (CP) remaining life. A modified scheme, so called the Inspection-Maintenance-Repair strategy, is an effective method to increase the effectiveness of inspections. The reduction in risk of corrosion is able to extend the inspection plan for several years.

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50

Middleton, Peter J. "Software Inspection." Journal of Information Technology 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.1994.26.

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