Дисертації з теми "Insectes – Reproduction (biologie)"
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Kobbi, May. "Développement et phénologie de "Ficus microcarpa L;f. " en Tunisie : impact sur la biologie de la reproduction." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20239.
Zinck, Lea. "Le mutualisme chez la fourmi polygyne facultative Ectatomma tuberculatum : Etude génétique et comportementale." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132041.
The aim of this work was to 'study mutualism in the facultative polygynous ant Ectatomma tuber-culatum. First, we investigated within-colony mutualism by studying the absence of nepotism in worker-queen care in polygynous colonies of E. Tuberculatum. We then studied the proximal and ultimate causes of polygyny in this species. Genetic and behavioural analysis revealed that secondary polygyny, budding and polydomy occur in E. Tuberculatum, and that the limited dispersal of females results in strong population and colony genetic structure. Genetic viscosity at a fine spatial scale therefore allows to explain the absence of kin discrimination and the success of experimental unrelated queen adoptions. Moreover chemical analysis of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles during queen adoption experiments reveal that cuticular hydrocarbons can-not be used as kin recognition cues in this species, while they could be involved in queen fertility signalling. Second, we investigated between-colony mutualism in this dominant ant species, because of its typical ag-gregated nest distribution in patches. The absence of territoriality and the low level of aggression between neighbouring colonies of E. Tuberculatum suggest that mutualism may occur at the population level and par-ticipates in this ant's ecological dominance. Our results reveal that the social organisation of E. Tuberculatum is likely to be responsible of its dominance in the mosaic of arboreal ants, and not any unicolonial property. In conclusion, mutualism within- and between-colonies in E. Tuberculatum likely results from the absence of kin and colonial discrimination in these populations. The social organisation of this species is in fact largely influenced by ecological constraints of the mosaic of arboreal ants and kin selection can explain the evolu-tion of mutualism in E. Tuberculatum due to the strong genetic structure of its populations in these habitats
Foucaud, Julien. "Biologie évolutive d'une fourmi envahissante à la sexualité insolite, Wasmannia auropunctata." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0032.
Perdereau, Elfie. "Biologie de l'invasion d'un termite américain en France : évolution de l'organisation sociale et conséquences sur le succès invasif." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4024/document.
The increasing of ecological and economical problems linked to biological invasion phenomenon necessitate a better understanding of mechanisms allowing an invasive success. In social insects, studies are mainly focused on social Hymenoptera, and has demonstrated that social organization of introduced populations presented particular characters allowing their invasive success. The principal objective of my PhD is to characterize the social organization of the introduced populations in Isoptera through the study of the American termite Reticulitermes flavipes introduced in France. The overall of results reveals (i) strong variations of social organization between native and introduced populations presenting a extreme form of neoteny and a strong capacity to colonial fusion; (ii) these variations seem to have evolved after its introduction in France, and (iii) to allow the establishment and expansion of R. flavipes in France, similarly to unicoloniality and polygyny observed in the social invasive Hymenoptera. The possible evolutionary origins of the observed variations between native and introduced populations of R. flavipes are discussed
Vantorre, Thomas. "Communication chimique et compétition lors de la reproduction chez Gastrophysa viridula, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209328.
La fonction la plus évidente de la phéromone sexuelle de G. viridula est l’induction du comportement sexuel mâle. Cet « aphrodisiaque », probablement constitué de plusieurs composés cuticulaires (des alcanes méthylés lourds), est émis par la femelle et déclenche par contact la sortie de l’édéage des mâles. Etonnamment, ces composés se retrouvent aussi chez les mâles de G. viridula dont le comportement sexuel est alors induit au contact de composés cuticulaires mâles. Ceci constituerait la cause proximale des comportements homosexuels observés chez les mâles de G. viridula. Nous avons ensuite étudié le rôle des composés cuticulaires dans l’isolement sexuel entre G. viridula et G. cyanea. Le comportement sexuel des mâles des deux espèces est en effet induit préférentiellement par les femelles conspécifiques. Pour G. viridula, cette préférence est visiblement attribuable aux composés cuticulaires. Enfin, les signaux chimiques sont parfois indicateurs du degré de compétition spermatique rencontré par un mâle et permettent à celui-ci d’ajuster la quantité de spermatozoïdes transmis à une femelle. Avant d’étudier l’implication de tels signaux chez G. viridula, nous avons souhaité mettre en évidence un ajustement de la quantité de spermatozoïdes transmis par des mâles soumis à divers degrés de compétition spermatique. Nos résultats ne nous permettent malheureusement pas de signaler un tel effet.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bilal, Hamzeh. "Biologie de la reproduction chez callosobruchus maculatus f. (coléoptère, bruchidae), formes voilières et non voilières : application à la protection des stocks." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4014.
Cournault, Laurent. "Regulation of reproduction in polygynous ants (Dolichoderinae): queen fertility signal and adult polyploidy." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210332.
Here I investigated two aspects of the reproduction of two polygynous ant species. The first one, Linepithema humile, is a unicolonial, highly polygynous and invasive species. It has been the focus of numerous studies about queen pheromones; in particular, it has been reported that queen cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) profile is related to queen fertility. The other one, Tapinoma erraticum, is a multi-colonial, weakly polygynous and native species. Workers can lay haploid eggs in the absence of the queens which is impossible for Linepithema workers.
The major part of my thesis dealt with the queen fertility signalling issue. In the first two chapters I demonstrate the link between queen fertility and queen pheromone output. I first study a queen releaser pheromone, the queen retrieval behaviour. This behaviour is performed by the workers who lay a chemical trail toward a queen located outside the nest. I successfully show this behaviour to be related to queen fertility, and not mating status, in L. humile and T. erraticum since only fertile queens (mated or not) induce such recruitment. I then highlight the role of queen fertility in the prevention of worker reproduction in T. erraticum. Again, mated fertile queens and unmated fertile queens are both able to induce such primer effect. In a third chapter I report that CHC profiles may discriminate female castes (workers, queens, virgin queens, and virgin egg-laying queens) in T. erraticum. Finally, chapter 4 summarizes my attempts to prove that CHC may be involved in queen retrieval or queen attraction. None of the various bioassays tested allows me to demonstrate the putative role of CHC as queen pheromone.
In a second part, I was interested in the consequences of sex determination in T. erraticum. Chapter 5 presents the flow cytometry methodology (FC) which allowed me to score the number of sperm cells from spermathecae of several ant species, and to demonstrate that polygynous species (such as L. humile and T. erraticum) store less sperm than monogynous ones. FCM also allows determining the ploidy of sperm and adult somatic cells and chapter 6 which presents a large survey on the ploidy level within the species T. erraticum. This species displays diploid males that may produce diploid sperm which in turn can father a viable triploid female progeny. I report differences in the frequency of triploidy among female castes, the proportion of triploid workers being more important than triploid virgin queens whereas I never observed triploid mated fertile queens. Such results greatly suggest a putative regulatory mechanism involved in the rearing of triploid females. In the last chapter I investigated two populations that differ in the occurrence of triploid workers. I report these populations to vary in the number of queens and workers per nest.
/La régulation de la reproduction est un aspect essentiel de la vie sociale. En particulier, chez les espèces eusociales, seuls quelques individus sont impliqués dans la production de la descendance. Dans les sociétés d’insectes, une telle division du travail reproducteur est principalement assurée par l’émission de phéromones par les reines. Ces phéromones royales renseignent les membres de la colonie sur la présence d’une reine fertile, de telle sorte que les ouvrières réagissent en s’occupant d’elle et en s’abstenant de se reproduire.
Au cours de ce travail, je me suis intéressé à deux aspects de la reproduction au sein de deux espèces de fourmis polygynes. La première espèce, Linepithema humile, est invasive, unicoloniale et hautement polygyne dans les régions à climat méditerranéen. Elle a fait l’objet de nombreuses études portant notamment sur les phéromones royales. En particulier, il a été montré que le profil d’hydrocarbures cuticulaires (HCC) des reines est corrélé à leur fertilité. La seconde espèce, Tapinoma erraticum, est une espèce indigène, multi-coloniale et faiblement polygyne. Ses ouvrières sont capables de pondre des œufs mâles en absence de reines, ce dont sont incapables les ouvrières de Linepithema.
Je me suis principalement intéressé à la question de la signalisation de la fertilité des reines. Dans les deux premiers chapitres, je démontre le lien existant entre la fertilité des reines et la production de phéromone royale. J’ai d’abord étudié une phéromone incitatrice (releaser) qui provoque un recrutement royal. Ce comportement collectif très caractéristique correspond à la mise en place d’une piste chimique en direction d’une reine découverte par les ouvrières en dehors du nid. Je montre que ce comportement est lié à la fertilité de la reine chez les espèces L. humile et T. erraticum car seules les reines fertiles (fécondées ou non) sont capables de d’induire le recrutement royal. Je mets ensuite en évidence le rôle de la fertilité des reines dans la régulation de la reproduction des ouvrières de T. erraticum. A nouveau, les reines fécondées fertiles et les reines vierges fertiles sont toutes deux capables d’induire un même effet déclencheur (primer), en l’occurrence, l’inhibition de la reproduction des ouvrières. Dans un troisième chapitre, je montre que les profils d’hydrocarbures (HCC) permettent de distinguer sans ambiguïté les différentes castes femelles (ouvrières, reines fertiles, reines vierges et reines vierges pondeuses) chez T. erraticum. Enfin, le chapitre 4 résume mes tentatives pour démontrer le rôle des HCC dans les phénomènes de recrutement royal ou d’attractivité des reines. Aucun des bio-essais réalisés ne me permet de démontrer l’implication des HCC dans la phéromone royale.
Dans une seconde partie, je me suis intéressé aux conséquences du déterminisme du sexe chez T. erraticum. Le chapitre 5 présente cytométrie de flux (CF), une méthode qui me permet de compter les spermatozoïdes stockés dans les spermathèques de quelques espèces de fourmis et de montrer que les reines des espèces polygynes (telles que L. humile et T. erraticum) stockent moins de sperme que les espèces monogynes. La CF permet aussi de déterminer le niveau de ploïdie des cellules spermatiques ou somatiques chez l’adulte. Je me sers de cette application dans le chapitre 6 afin d’étudier le niveau de ploïdie au sein de l’espèce T. erraticum. Je montre que, dans les populations étudiées, il existe des mâles diploïdes et que ces mâles peuvent produire du sperme diploïde fertile, capable d’engendrer une descendance femelle triploïde. Je note des différences dans la fréquence des femelles triploïdes :la proportion d’ouvrières triploïdes est significativement plus importante que celle des reines vierges triploïdes. De plus, je n’ai jamais observé la présence de reines fécondées fertiles triploïdes. De tels résultats suggèrent fortement la présence d’un phénomène de régulation au cours de l’élevage du couvain triploïde. Dans le dernier chapitre, j’ai étudié deux populations de T. erraticum qui diffèrent au niveau de la proportion d’ouvrières triploïdes. Ces populations présentent des différences significatives dans le nombre de reines et d’ouvrières par nid.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ouedraogo, Patouin Albert. "Le déterminisme du polymorphisme imaginal chez callosobruchus maculatus (fab), coléoptère bruchidae : son importance sur la biologie des populations de ce bruchidae." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR4005.
Higgins, Charlene J. "Spatial distribution and reproductive biology of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29873.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Thomann, Michel. "Evolution des stratégies de reproduction des plantes à fleurs face aux changements globaux et au déclin des pollinisateurs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20230.
Global change alters life conditions of numerous populations. Beyond ecological consequences, global change can also modify selection regimes in populations. While the recent pollinator decline may specifically affect the reproductive success of flowering plants, its evolutionary consequences have not been studied yet. This thesis deals with the possibility of adaptation of plant reproductive strategies under global change and more specifically under pollinator decline. This question was addressed in two steps. First, the analysis of the extensive literature on plant mating systems, and, to a lesser extent, the construction of a model for the evolution of attractive floral traits, allowed us to clarify evolutionary scenarios at short-time scales. Second, we conducted an original empirical approach, consisting in the direct comparison of ancestral and descendant populations by re-growing old and recent seeds under identical conditions. This approach allowed us to test whether genetic evolution of reproductive traits occurred in the context of pollinator decline for three annual plant species. Data from the literature indicates that pollinator decline likely increases pollen limitation and thus selection on floral traits. Moreover, the substantial genetic variation within populations suggests that rapid evolution is possible. Increased autonomous selfing or increased pollinator attraction are two possible routes of plant adaptation to pollinator decline emerging from the analysis of the literature and from our theoretical study. Our empirical work brings out two types of evolutionary trends. Firstly, earlier flowering phenology was found in all three studied species. This result shows that genetic evolution, not only phenotypic plasticity; certainly contribute to the spring phenological advancements reported for numerous species. Secondly, unlike phenological traits, floral traits evolved in opposite directions depending on the species. Showy floral traits evolved in a species while joint evolution of autonomous selfing with a reduction of floral attractiveness seemed to evolve in another species. This study shows that plant reproductive traits can evolve in a few decades. Whether or not rapid evolution of plant reproductive traits can act as an evolutionary rescue for threatened populations is a research question that arises from these results
Poidevin, Mickaël. "La synthèse d'acides gras dans des cellules spécialisées agit à distance sur le processus d'activation des ovocytes chez la drosophile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL016.
A statistical study by the World Health Organization revealed that one adult over six is affected by infertility problems. This major social issue is complex and multifactorial, with worldwide trends that are difficult to assess. It is therefore essential to carry out more research to better understand not only the evolution of infertility, but also the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to efficient fertility.Serendipitously, we discovered that a genetic screen to enzymes responsible for fatty acid synthesis in specialized Drosophila cells provoked a sterile phenotype. These specialized cells, called as oenocytes, are essential for fatty acid metabolism, and are involved in numerous processes, including lipid homeostasis, protection against desiccation and pheromonal communication.My work shows that the synthesis of one or more very long-chain fatty acids in oenocytes is essential for female fertility, and that a defect in this synthesis causes spermatozoa to be retaintion in the storage organs, spermathecae and seminal receptacle. I have shown that the sterility phenotype is not linked to a defect in sperm activity, and that sperm fertilize mature oocytes efficiently. On the other hand, my results indicate that the eggs show an activation defect preventing their development.In insects, activation of the mature oocyte, which leads to embryonic development, is not dependent on sperm entry as in mammals. This activation is triggered by a calcium signal while the oocyte moves through the female genital tract. Taken together, my results show for the first time that an extra-genital lipid-signal triggers the activation of mature oocytes, thus enabling the induction of embryonic development
Abu-Azma, Yasser H. H. "Factors affecting the reproductive biology of Chironomus riparius." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337639.
Wearing-Wilde, Judy. "Reproductive biology of Lepinotus patruelis (Psocoptera) : implications for courtship theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318457.
Sandiford, Mark. "A study of the reproductive biology of Bombacopsis quinata (Jacq.) Dugand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242057.
Crosland, Agathe. "Lien entre la croissance et les sénescences reproductive, actuarielle et immunitaire chez un insecte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK006.
Senescence, the decline in the performance of the organism with age, is an almost universal and therefore a very familiar phenomenon. However, the “why” and “how” of this phenomenon have only recently begun to be elucidated. From an evolutionary perspective (the “why”), the decline in the strength of natural selection with age creates an opposition between performance early and later in life, generally to the detriment of the late period. The disposable soma theory, in particular, proposes that the decline of the organism comes from the accumulation of damage, poorly repaired, because resources are allocated to advantageous functions earlier in life, such as reproduction or growth. If the link between reproduction and senescence has been extensively studied over the last century, knowledge on the relationship between growth and senescence remains to be consolidated.In this thesis, we tested the effect of the growth rate on three aspects of senescence: reproduction, survival and immunity, in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). We used two complementary approaches, one based on the manipulation of growth rate by the larval environment and the second based on the study of inbred lines, thus addressing the genetic component of the link between growth and senescence.These approaches have all shown that a stronger investment in growth accelerates the reproductive senescence. The phenotypic approach did not show any cost of a high growth rate on longevity, while antagonistic genetic correlations were highlighted. Finally, manipulating growth rates influences which type of immune defense is favored by insects. Our results therefore show that growth rate has a variable effect depending on the senescence parameters considered
Jackson, Alison. "The reproductive biology and behaviour of #Leptomastidea abnormis', a hymenopterous parasitoid of the citrus mealybug #Planococcus citri'." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306967.
Yusuf, Mohammed Abdi Sheikh. "Reproductive biology, ultrastructure and molecular characterisation of Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) (Liposcelididae: Psocoptera) and its intracellular rickettsial endosymbionts." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reproductive-biology-ultrastructure-and-molecular-characterisation-of-liposcelis-bostrychophila-badonnel-liposcelididae-psocoptera-and-its-intracellular-rickettsial-endosymbionts(85130f8f-d26f-4288-90cf-47cdd1d759c1).html.
Mimouni, Fouad. "Caractérisation biologique et comportementale de deux espèces de trichogrammes marocains : étude de facteurs génétiques et épigénétiques." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10245.
Hippee, Alaine Constance. "Pre-mating reproductive isolation between three sympatric varieties of a specialist insect." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3100.
Finck, Jonas. "Reproductive isolation and chemical communication in grasshoppers." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17584.
In this thesis, I first conducted several experiments to identify and quantify reproductive isolation at multiple stages in the life history of the closely related species Chorthippus biguttulus and C. mollis (chapter 2). My results indicated a crucial role of chemical cues in the maintenance of species isolation. I combined multiple approaches to examine the ultimate and proximate causes of chemical cues on reproductive behavior in these species. In chapter 3, I demonstrated that the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of C. biguttulus and C. mollis provide species- and sex-specific cues. I used a RNA-seq approach to examine transcriptional differences of candidate genes, which might cause the divergence in CHC profiles between species and sex. One candidate gene showed species-specific transcriptional differences and may contribute to reproductive isolation. In addition, four candidate genes were differentially expressed between the sexes. Two of them exhibited a strong male-biased expression, which may be linked to higher proportions of dimethyl-branched CHCs in males. I found no evidence for positive selection acting on these genes, suggesting that differences in CHC profiles are presumably mediated at transcriptional level. In chapter 4, I developed a bioassay to determine if female CHCs act as chemical cues that induce courtship behavior in males. In summary, this thesis demonstrated that various reproductive isolating mechanisms reduce the gene flow between C. biguttulus and C. mollis and that in these species the courtship display consists of multimodal signals. In addition, my results suggest a key role of chemical cues in reproductive isolation and speciation.
Bitencourt, Darque Ratier. "Biologia, Capacidade Reprodutiva e Consumo Foliar de Diabrotica speciosa ( Germar, 1892 ) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) em diferentes hospedeiros." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS, 2007. http://tede.ufgd.edu.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/260.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work was carried out at the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, and had the aim to evaluate the influence of different foods on larval and adult phases of D. speciosa (Germar, 1984) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The work had the following three experiments: i) the food influence on adult phase; ii) the food influence on larval phase, and iii) the influence of food type on leaf consumption. In the first experiment, five host plants (i.e. common bean, soybean, turnip, corn, and wheat) were tested to investigate their influence on adult phase when insects were fed with corn during larval phase. In the second experiment, common bean, corn, soybean, turnip, potato and wheat were used to evaluate their influence on larval phase of insects that were fed with only one type of host plant on adult phase. In the last experiment, leaf consumption of common bean, turnip, soybean and corn by adults of D. speciosa was evaluated under free choice and confined conditions. The average duration of larval to adult period was 25.8 days for the experiment to study the food influence on adult phase, with an average viability of 25.8% and a similar period of pre-oviposition for all different host plants. However, fecundity and longevity were influenced by the different foods during the oviposition period. With regard to longevity, we observed that both male and female had greater longevity when fed with common bean, soybean and turnipcompared to the ones fed with corn and wheat. Incubation time and viability of eggs were similar for all host plants. In the experiment of different host plants during the larval phase, the average period of larval to adult phase was greater for potato and wheat than for turnip and corn. The oviposition period was similar for all tested food types durind the larval phase. However, the pre-oviposition, fecundity and longevity periods for males and incubation period and viability of eggs were influenced by the different food types offered during the larval phase. In the experiment of leaf consumption, D. speciosa adults did show a better feeding of soybean, turnip and corn when compared to common bean for both free choice and confined conditions
O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste em Dourados/MS e teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do alimento oferecido nas fases larval e adulta de D. speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). O estudo foi realizado em três etapas: influência do alimento na fase adulta, na fase larval e no consumo foliar. No primeiro ensaio, cinco hospedeiros (feijão, soja, nabo, milho e trigo) foram testados na fase adulta de insetos criados em um único hospedeiro (milho). No segundo, os hospedeiros feijão, soja, nabo, batata, milho e trigo foram utilizados na fase larval, e na fase adulta oferecido apenas um hospedeiro (feijão). No último ensaio foi avaliado o consumo foliar por adultos de D. speciosa em condições de livre escolha e sem chance de escolha utilizando os hospedeiros feijão, nabo, soja e milho. No primeiro ensaio, a duração média do período larva-adulto foi de 25,8 ± 0,90 dias, com viabilidade média de 25,8 ± 2,69% , enquanto o período de pré-oviposição foi semelhante para os diferentes hospedeiros. Entretanto, o período de oviposição, a fecundidade e a longevidade de adultos foram influenciados pelos diferentes tipos de alimentos. Com relação a longevidade, verificou-se que tanto os machos quanto as fêmeas foram mais longevos em feijão, soja e nabo quando comparados aos insetos alimentados com milho e trigo. O período de incubação e viabilidade dos ovos obtidos nos diferentes hospedeiros foram semelhantes. No ensaio com diferentes hospedeiros na fase larval, a duração média do período larva adulto em batata e trigo foi maior do que em nabo e milho. As maiores viabilidades foram observadas com milho e batata e as menores em feijão e nabo. O período de oviposição foi semelhante, enquanto que o período de pré-oviposição, a fecundidade, a longevidade de machos e o período de incubação e viabilidade dos ovos foram influenciados pelos diferentes tipos de alimentos oferecidos na fase larval. No ensaio de consumo foliar, adultos de D. speciosa apresentaram maior consumo em soja, nabo e milho, quando comparado ao feijão, tanto no teste de livre escolha como no sem chance de escolha
Poidatz, Juliette. "De la biologie des reproducteurs au comportement d’approvisionnement du nid, vers des pistes de biocontrôle du frelon asiatique Vespa velutina en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0778/document.
This CIFRE thesis deals with the biology, the behavior and the biological control of aninvasive predator of bees, the hornet Vespa velutina. Since its introduction in France, this hornet isnow invading most countries in occidental Europe, dealing damages both to the environment and thebeekeeping activity. In order to limit its proliferation, a good strategy could consist in disrupting itscolony development at different levels, explored in this work. The first axis deals with V. velutinareproductive biology, exploring the different paths to prevent colonies creation. First we describedthe sexual maturation of males in V. velutina, and second we compared different traits linked tofertility between foundresses of V. velutina and the European hornet, thus highlighting V. velutinahigher precocity and fertility potential. The second axis explored the biology of colonies, fromresource collection to resource distribution in the nest. Using RFID technic, we assessed the actionrange and its boundaries in V. velutina workers. We also labelled food and observed its distribution inV. velutina colonies in function of the colony size and structure. The third axis deals with V. velutinabiocontrol, using entomopathogenic fungi. We evaluated the efficiency of different isolates anddifferent application methods on V. velutina, and described a wild fungus found naturally parasitizingV. velutina. This work brought knowledge on biology behavior and physiology of this invasive hornet,and also proposed options that could be assayed for a durable control of V. velutina
Saha, Biswajit. "Effect of diet components on the postembryonic development and reproductive biology of some seed-freeding polyphagous heteropteran pests (Hemipetra : Insecta )." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1004.
Theodora, Pascal. "Étude biologique et comportementale de la guêpe Polistes (Megapolistes) olivaceus de Geer à l'île de la Réunion." La Réunion, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02157983.
Alamer, Ahmad Hussein [Verfasser], and Klaus Hubert [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann. "Endocrine control of fat body composition and effects of the insect growth regulators methoprene and pyriproxyfen on the development and reproduction of the Argentinian cockroach, Blaptica dubia Serville (Blattaria: Blaberidae) / Ahmad Hussein Alamer. Betreuer: Klaus Hubert Hoffmann." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1059353210/34.
Caesar, Ryan Matthew. "Phylogeny of the Genus Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with Emphasis on Evolution of Reproductive Morphology." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339703828.
Dagg, Joachim. "Strategies of sexual reproduction in aphids." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2002/dagg/dagg.pdf.
Lamine, Khalid. "Deraeocoris lutescens schiling (Heteroptera : Miridae) : un auxiliaire potentiel?" Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30244.
Deraeocoris lutescens (Heteroptera : Miridae) is a predator commonly found in the French hazelnut orchards. We have studied some aspects of ecology, biology and behaviour of this insect to estimate its biotic potential. Investigations under natural and artificial environmental conditions (i. E. Orchard sampling, laboratory observations, ect. ) were conducted to determine its life history. The effects of the copulation and photoperiod on ovarian activity of this mirid were evaluated in the laboratory. Its diapause pattern, its critical photoperiod and sensitive stages were determined. The mouthparts' ultrastructure show the adaptation of D. Lutescens for zoophagy. Morever, the voracity and feeding preferences of this generalist predator were evaluated and the effect of fast on its searching path was investigated by means a trajectometric method. The results of this study suggest that D. Lutescens can be considered as a promising biological pest control agent
Darras, Hugo. "Social hybridogenesis in ants of the genus Cataglyphis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/252998.
In eusocial Hymenoptera, such as bees, wasp and ants, it is commonly accepted that the diploid female eggs are bipotent and develop either into a queen or a worker depending on environmental factors. While conducting a population genetic study of the ant Cataglyphis hispanica, we discovered an unusual reproductive system called social hybridogenesis. Under this system, queens and workers develop from eggs with different genetic make-up. Two divergent genetic lineages coexist within a population. Queens of each lineage mate with males originating from the other lineage. Workers are produced by sexual reproduction; hence, they are first generation hybrids of the two lineages. By contrast, new queens and males are produced by thelytokous and arrhenotokous parthenogenesis, respectively. By using alternative modes of reproduction, queens appear to maximize their reproductive success by increasing the transmission rate of their genes to the reproductive offspring while benefiting from genetic diversity and heterosis effects in their worker force. Males, however, do not contribute genes to the next generation as they only sire sterile workers. This system is expected to be evolutionary short-lived as lineages may be selected to stop the production of males with null direct fitness. This PhD project aims at understanding the origin and evolution of social hybridogenesis in Cataglyphis. Using several different approaches including population genetics methods based on microsatellite makers, phylogeography and experimental manipulations on lab colonies, I explored tthe characteristics of social hybridogenesis, the genetic mechanisms underlying the system and its distribution within the genus Cataglyphis. My results, together with other recent findings, question the paradigm of environmental caste determination in eusocial Hymenoptera and suggest that genetic influences on caste determination may be more common than previously thought.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Benoist, Romain. "Bases comportementales, physiologiques et génétiques du succès reproducteur d'un hyménoptère parasitoïde The Cotesia sesamiae story: insight into host-range evolution in a Hymenoptera parasitoid and implication for its use in biological control programs Low-cost automatic temperature monitoring system with alerts for laboratory rearing units." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS584.pdf.
Studying the ability of insect parasitoids to reproduce in novel hosts is important to understand adaptive mechanisms at play when they are used for biological control. Cotesia typhae is an African parasitoid specialized on the Lepidoptera Sesamia nonagrioides and it is a potential biological control agent against this maize pest. C. typhae belongs to a group of species harboring a symbiotic virus which is injected in the host during oviposition and which contributes to the parasitoid virulence. I have found out that two strains of C. typhae differed in their offspring number and in their virulence against a French population of S. nonagrioides, which represents a new host. A QTL analysis (Quantitative Trait Loci) has been done to identify genes involved in these variations. We have built a genetic map of C. typhae, identified four QTL and listed candidate genes. To explain the difference of virulence and offspring number, numbers of eggs and viral particles injected during successive ovipositions have been estimated. These experiments have shown that 1/ the two strains have different patterns of egg allocation among the successive hosts parasitized, 2/ the quantity of injected viral particles is not correlated to virulence. To understand to evolutionary origin of the virulence variation, this trait has been estimated for the natural host populations. The results suggest that local adaptation could explain the better pre-adaptation of one C. typhae strain to the French host population. This work also allowed an in-depth characterization of the parasitoid reproductive success, essential for its use in biological control
D??VILA, Vin?cius de Abreu. "Aceita??o de polens de Apiaceae por Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) e efeito de diferentes dietas na sua biologia." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1799.
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CAPES
The biological control is as important method to regulate the pest populations in a system of sustainable agricultural production, because it is a promising alternative to the use of the organic synthetic pesticides that cause great ecotoxicological impacts. The predator ladybeetles are part of the biological control agents of agricultural pests, could be management by the three biocontrol strategies: classical, conservative and augmentative. In the present work, it was tried to generate knowledge for using the aphidophagous predator ladybeetle Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under the perspective of the last two strategies. The conservative biological control involving predator insects bases on the fact that in the absence or scarceness of their preferential prey or in the presence of the other preys with inferior nutritional quality, they may use alternative foods, such as pollen, to guarantee their survivorship and, sometimes, their reproduction, and because of that botanical species that provide this floral resource might integrate the agricultural landscape, inside and/or around the agricultural property; meanwhile the augmentative control requests the multiplication of the predator in the laboratory, using natural or artificial preys. Even though some authors proved the visitation of the flowers of some species of Apiaceae by C. maculata, there are no records in the literature of the ingestion of pollen grains of this botanical family by this ladybeetle. In this context, this work was carried out with the aim to select the plant species whose flowers are source of pollen as alternative or complementary food to C. maculata in the perspective to compose the vegetation of the agroecosystems to contribute in the conservation of this ladybeetle, and /or to aid in its mass rearing in the laboratory conditions. The objective of the chapter I was to prove the ingestion of pollen of three species of the family Apiaceae [coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)] from the provision of their flowers to the larvae of the 4th instar and adults of C. maculata. It was observed the presence of pollen grains in the five replicates of all treatments, proving the ingestion of the pollen of these three species of Apiaceae from their flowers by C. maculata. At 24 hours of exposition, adults fed on average more pollen of dill than pollens of coriander and fennel, while the larvae consumed more pollen of fennel. The objective of the chapter II was to determine the suitability of nine diets to C. maculata, including provision of pollen of the two species of Apiaceae (coriander and dill), under controlled conditions of the laboratory. Even though the diets with only flowers of these two Apiaceae did not provided the full development of C. maculata, they used as complementary food with eggs of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) resulted in reduction of larval period, increased the egg number by cluster, and increased the body weight. The diet with alive larvae of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was proved to be an essential food as well as resulted in adults with higher body weight, and the number of eggs per cluster increased in comparison with the feeding with only eggs of A. kuehniella.
O controle biol?gico ? um importante m?todo para regular as populac?es de pragas em um sistema de produ??o agr?cola sustent?vel, pois ? uma alternativa promissora ao uso de agrot?xicos org?nicos sint?ticos que causam grandes impactos ecotoxicol?gicos. As joaninhas predadoras fazem parte dos agentes de controle biol?gico de pragas agr?colas, podendo ser manejadas pelas tr?s estrat?gias de controle biol?gico: cl?ssico, conservativo e aumentativo. No presente trabalho, buscou-se gerar conhecimento para uso da joaninha predadora afid?faga Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) sob a perspectiva das duas ?ltimas estrat?gias. O controle biol?gico conservativo envolvendo insetos predadores baseia-se no fato de que, na aus?ncia ou escassez da presa preferencial ou na presen?a de outras presas de qualidade inferior, podem usar alimentos alternativos, tais como p?len, para garantir sua sobreviv?ncia e, por vezes, sua reprodu??o e, por isso, esp?cies bot?nicas provedoras desse recurso floral devem integrar a paisagem agr?cola, dentro e/ou no entorno da propriedade agr?cola; enquanto o controle aumentativo requer a multiplica??o do predador no laborat?rio, podendo se valer de presas naturais ou artificiais. Apesar de alguns autores comprovarem a visita??o das flores de algumas esp?cies de Apiaceae por C. maculata, n?o h? relatos na literatura da ingest?o de gr?os de p?len dessa fam?lia bot?nica por essa joaninha. Nesse contexto, este trabalho foi conduzido a fim de selecionar esp?cies de plantas cujas flores sejam fonte de p?len como alimento alternativo ou complementar para C. maculata na perspectiva de compor a vegeta??o dos agroecossistemas para contribuir na conserva??o dessa joaninha, e/ou auxiliar na cria??o massal da mesma em condi??es de laborat?rio. O objetivo do cap?tulo I foi comprovar a ingest?o de p?len de tr?s esp?cies da fam?lia Apiaceae [coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), endro (Anethum graveolens L.) e erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)] a partir da oferta de suas flores para larvas de 4? instar e adultos de C. maculata. Constatou-se a presen?a de gr?os de p?len nas cinco repeti??es de todos os tratamentos, comprovando a ingest?o de p?len dessas tr?s Apiaceae a partir de suas flores por C. maculata. Em 24 horas de exposi??o, os adultos consumiram em m?dia mais p?len de endro em compara??o aos polens de coentro e erva-doce, enquanto que as larvas consumiram mais p?len de erva-doce. O objetivo do capitulo II foi determinar a adequabilidade de nove dietas para C. maculata, incluindo oferta de p?len de duas esp?cies de Apiaceae (coentro e endro), em condi??es controladas de laborat?rio. Apesar das dietas apenas com flores dessas duas Apiaceae n?o proporcionarem o desenvolvimento completo de C. maculata, elas usadas com complementa??o da alimenta??o com ovos de Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) possibilitam a redu??o do per?odo larval, aumento no n?mero de ovos por postura e aumento do peso corp?reo. A dieta com larvas vivas de Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) n?o foi s? comprovada como alimento essencial como tamb?m resultou em adultos de maior peso corp?reo e um aumento no n?mero de ovos por postura em compara??o ? alimenta??o apenas com ovos de A. kuehniella.
Brey, Paul Timothy. "Pathologie comparee de l'infection fongique d'insectes aeriens (pucerons) et aquatiques (larves de moustiques) par deux phycomycetes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066283.
Kumm, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Reproduction, progenesis, and embryogenesis of thrips (Thysanoptera: Insecta) / von Sandra Kumm." 2002. http://d-nb.info/965449874/34.
Bang, Alok. "Determinants Of Behavioural And Reproductive Dominance In The Primitively Eusocial Wasp Ropalidia Marginata." Thesis, 2010. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2573.
Bang, Alok. "Determinants Of Behavioural And Reproductive Dominance In The Primitively Eusocial Wasp Ropalidia Marginata." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2573.
Marti, Santiago Marti. "Host selection, reproductive biology, host-specific development and mortality of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Torticidae), in apple and pear." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32589.
Graduation date: 2001
Eckermann, Kolja Neil. "Evaluation of genetic engineering and genome editing tools to develop multifactorial reproductive sterility or killing sperm systems for the improvement of the Sterile Insect Technique." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-14F7-E.
Wirmer, Andrea. "Modulatorische Effekte von Stickstoffmonoxid und Juvenilhormon auf die Kontrolle des Reproduktionsverhaltens in weiblichen Chorthippus biguttulus." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-ADD3-1.