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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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1

Chen, Chaoran, Ashique Habib, and Xiaodong Zhu. "Finance, Managerial Inputs, and Misallocation." American Economic Review: Insights 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20220285.

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Анотація:

In standard macrofinance models, financial constraints mainly affect small or young firms but not large or old ones due to the self-financing mechanism, and the dispersion of marginal revenue product of capital (MRPK) of a firm cohort is less persistent than in the data. We extend a standard model by allowing firms to hire managers, and large firms hire disproportionately more managers, consistent with data. In our model, financial constraints and the dispersion of MRPK persist, and even large firms are likely to be constrained. The productivity loss from financial frictions is also substantially amplified. (JEL D24, D25, G32, L25, M10, O16, P31)

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2

Antonowicz, Mirosław, and Artur Kikuła. "Implementation of Cross-Docking in Distribution Logistics on the Example of InPost Company." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Problemy Zarządzania, Finansów i Marketingu 41 (2015): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/pzfm.2015.41/2-32.

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3

Mohajan, Devajit, and Haradhan Kumar Mohajan. "Effects of Various Inputs for Increased Interest Rate of Capital: A Nonlinear Budget Constraint Consideration." Frontiers in Management Science 2, no. 4 (August 2023): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/fms.2023.08.02.

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This article attempts to discuss economic effects of various inputs when the interest rate of capital is increased during profit maximization analysis. In this paper Cobb-Douglas production function, 6×6 bordered Hessian matrix, and 6×6 Jacobian are operated to make the study meaningful and interesting. Every firm wants to achieve a maximum profit, but achievement of profit maximization is not an easy process. A firm must be watchdog in every step of production, inventory, distribution, and management for attaining optimum result. In the twenty first century global economy faces serious complexities due to political unrest and war among the nations, also for abnormal natural calamities due to global warming. Therefore, efficient and wise decisions are necessary for the sustainability of the industrial firms.

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4

Bbaale, Edward, Ibrahim Mike Okumu, and Suzan Namirembe Kavuma. "Imported inputs and exporting in the Africa’s manufacturing sector." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 15, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-04-2018-0043.

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Анотація:

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate both direct and indirect channels through which imported inputs spur exporting in the African manufacturing sector.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimated models for all exporters, direct exporters and indirect exporters using a probit model. The authors circumvented the endogeneity of imported inputs and productivity in the export status models by using their lagged values. The authors employed the World Bank Enterprise Survey data for a set of 26 African countries.FindingsFrom the direct channel, the authors find that importers of inputs in the previous period increase the probability of exporting in the current period pointing to the possibility of sunk cost complementarities. Indirectly, high lagged firm productivity spurs exporting in the current period. Being a direct importer of inputs in the previous period increases the probability of exporting directly but has no effect on indirect exporters. Both channels are complimentary because their interaction term is positive and significant.Practical implicationsThe importation of inputs seems a precondition for exporting and that any policy obscuring imports may indirectly inhibit exportation. Government policy should make importation inputs easier in order to stimulate exporting activities.Originality/valueThe paper’s contribution to empirical literature is that much of the empirical studies have overly concentrated on developed countries and hence leaving a huge knowledge gap for African countries. The only papers focusing on Africa are by Parra and Martínez-Zarzoso (2015), who focused on the Egyptian manufacturing sector, and Edwardset al. (2017), who used firm-level data from South Africa. The authors extend this literature by undertaking firm-level analysis in a cross-country setting among manufacturing firms in Africa.

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5

Barasa, Laura, Patrick Vermeulen, Joris Knoben, Bethuel Kinyanjui, and Peter Kimuyu. "Innovation inputs and efficiency: manufacturing firms in Sub-Saharan Africa." European Journal of Innovation Management 22, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-11-2017-0176.

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Purpose Countries in Africa have a common goal policy of industrialisation that is expected to be driven by investing in innovation that yields efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the technical efficiency effects arising from innovation inputs including internal R&D, human capital development (HCD), and foreign technology adoption in manufacturing firms in Africa. Design/methodology/approach This study uses cross-sectional firm-level survey data from the 2013 World Bank Enterprise Survey and the linked 2013 Innovation Follow-up Survey. A heteroscedastic half-normal stochastic frontier is used for analysing the technical efficiency effects of innovation inputs of 418 firms. Findings This study reveals that internal R&D, and foreign technology have negative effects on technical efficiency. Notwithstanding, the combination of foreign technology and internal R&D, and foreign technology and HCD reinforce each other’s effects on technical efficiency. Practical implications This study provides evidence that whereas individual innovation inputs may not yield positive efficiency outcomes, the combination of absorptive capacity enhancing inputs comprising internal R&D and HCD with foreign technology is vital for enhancing technical efficiency in manufacturing firms in Africa. This study offers important lessons for managers in manufacturing firms in Africa. Originality/value This study is virtually the first to investigate the relationship between innovation inputs and efficiency in Africa. This study demonstrates that investing in foreign technology in isolation from absorptive capacity enhancing innovation inputs diminishes efficiency. HCD and internal R&D are imperative for building absorptive capacity that enhances efficiency outcomes arising from foreign technology.

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6

Miah, Mohammad Rayhan, and Masaru Ichihashi. "The Impact of Access to Intermediate Inputs on Export Margins: Firm-Level Evidence from the Regression Decomposition Approach." Sustainability 16, no. 10 (May 16, 2024): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16104196.

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This paper analyzes how export margins responded to an intermediate input supply shock caused by the 2020 lockdown in China. We use regression decomposition with triple and quadruple difference-in-differences models to identify causal impacts and mitigate potential heterogeneity in transaction-level customs data from the Bangladesh apparel manufacturing industry. The triple difference estimate shows that the average export value per firm–product–destination combination declined by approximately 65%, leading to a decrease in overall exports of woven apparel from Bangladesh. The input supply shock also adversely affected the subgroups of firms across various firm-level characteristics along the intensive margin. Moreover, the export market share decomposition reveals that the shock significantly affected intensive margins by decreasing incumbents’ market allocation by 9%. An equivalent increase in extensive margins led to a readjustment in the market allocation, leading to fewer market leavers and slightly more new market entrants. Our results indicate that Bangladesh’s exports mostly decreased due to the smaller quantities of products exported rather than there being fewer firms, destinations, or products involved in export trade. There were significant market share reallocations that occurred after the Chinese input supply shock. An appropriate policy stance is required for sustainable export sector growth strategies, which will enhance the country’s defense against potential future shocks and foster the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh.

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7

Carvalho, José Márcio, Karim Marini Thomé, and Fabrício Oliveira Leitão. "Quality management as a resource of transaction costs reduction: empirical inputs from the international fruit trade." RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie 15, no. 1 (February 2014): 174–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-69712014000100008.

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Fruit is a highly perishable product, susceptible to biological, physical and chemical hazards. All these risks are higher when fruit are transacted in international trade. In this case fruit suppliers and fruit buyers are exposed to elevated transaction costs, since both sides need to deal with questions like product specifications, post-harvest processing and logistics. Quality management can be employed in order to organize all production, processing and logistics operations. Our aim in this paper was to verify if producers, exporters and importers of fruit are making use of quality management concepts in order to reduce risks and transaction costs. As investigation method, semi-structured interviews were conducted in Brazil and the UK. The content of the semi-structured interview questions was chosen based on the literature review of TCE, the international fruit trade and quality management. The questions were carefully chosen to reveal the factors which are determinant for the configuration of transaction arrangements in the fruit trade. The topics investigated were: the technical activities performed by the organisations operating in the fruit commerce; the main types of commercial clients (partners) of the firm; the nature of the market type relations maintained by the firm; the level of quality problems perceived by the firm; and the quality management strategies adopted by the firm. These topics served as the foundation for the elaboration of the main questions and the probe questions. They also gave the direction for possible follow-up questions. The results of the interviews support the idea that quality consciousness is fundamental in the fruit trade. The majority of companies approached in the research were shown not to perceive as a problem the several parameters that affect the quality of the final product. In other words, the results suggest that firms that are incapable of handling quality issues satisfactorily find little place in the fruit trade. Quality management concepts are commonly employed in order to guarantee product specifications and rationality in the operation processes and, by doing so, it contributes to reduce transaction costs between the trading parties.

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8

Hayakawa, Kazunobu, and Tadashi Ito. "Local Procurement and Firm Performance: Pure-local Inputs and Semi-local Inputs." Southeast Asian Economies 35, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae35-1h.

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9

Perlado, J. M., and J. Sanz. "Neutron damage and activation of the first wall of inertial confinement fusion reactors: Recycling and waste disposal." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005024.

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Even though general conclusions cannot be derived for all the protection schemes in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) reactors, the feasibility of the ferritic alloy HT-9 as the main component of the first structural wall (FSW) in ICF facilities using thin-film Li17Pb83 liquid protection, flowing through porous tubes (INPORT), can be demonstrated as a solution in terms of radiation damage. Swelling and shift in the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) can be analyzed using the results of experimental fast-fission reactors, which are demonstrated to be good experimental tools in that ICF range. The good performance of HT-9 is remarkable. The generation of new solid transmutants and the depletion of initial constituents need also be considered. Further, a reduced-activation HT-9 (niobium-free) has been studied using recycling and shallow land burial (SLB) criteria. The recycling using that HT-9 is shown to be not feasible, as is SLB waste disposal. The unexpected critical role of some short-lived isotopes is remarkable, and more research on their nuclear data must be performed.

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10

Yu, Miaojie, and Jin Li. "Imported Intermediate Inputs, Firm Productivity and Product Complexity." Japanese Economic Review 65, no. 2 (May 5, 2014): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jere.12041.

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11

Arnold, J. M., A. Mattoo, and G. Narciso. "Services Inputs and Firm Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Firm-Level Data." Journal of African Economies 17, no. 4 (January 31, 2008): 578–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejm042.

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12

Jaenicke, Edward C., Martin Shields, and Timothy W. Kelsey. "Food Processors' Use of Contracts to Purchase Agricultural Inputs: Evidence from a Pennsylvania Survey." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36, no. 2 (October 2007): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007048.

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Using data from a survey of Pennsylvania food processors, we investigate what firm-level characteristics make a processor more or less likely to buy agricultural inputs and ingredients though contracts. We find that over 20 percent of Pennsylvania processors use contracts, and over 44 percent of agricultural inputs (based on value) are purchased under contract. We also analyze the two related questions of what firm attributes, attitudes, or other factors make a firm more likely to use contracts at all, and what factors lead a processor who does contract to use them more intensively.

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13

Halpern, László, Miklós Koren, and Adam Szeidl. "Imported Inputs and Productivity." American Economic Review 105, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 3660–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20150443.

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We estimate a model of importers in Hungarian microdata and conduct counterfactual analysis to investigate the effect of imported inputs on productivity. We find that importing all input varieties would increase a firm’s revenue productivity by 22 percent, about one-half of which is due to imperfect substitution between foreign and domestic inputs. Foreign firms use imports more effectively and pay lower fixed import costs. We attribute one-quarter of Hungarian productivity growth during the 1993–2002 period to imported inputs. Simulations show that the productivity gain from a tariff cut is larger when the economy has many importers and many foreign firms. (JEL D24, F13, F14, L60)

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14

Levy, David. "Equilibrium employment of inputs by a rent-seeking firm." Public Choice 60, no. 2 (February 1989): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00149244.

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15

Forlani, Emanuele. "Irish Firms’ Productivity and Imported Inputs." Manchester School 85, no. 6 (July 7, 2016): 710–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/manc.12169.

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16

Diéguez-Soto, Julio, Montserrat Manzaneque, and Alfonso A. Rojo-Ramírez. "Technological Innovation Inputs, Outputs, and Performance." Family Business Review 29, no. 3 (July 24, 2016): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486516646917.

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The aim of this research is to study the moderating role of family management in the relationships between the intensity of research and development and the occurrence of continuous technological innovation and between the existence of technological innovation outcomes and long-term firm performance. The results show that family management reduces efficiency in the conversion of research and development expenses into technological innovation outcomes over time. Our findings also suggest that the influence of family management significantly contributes to improving the effect of the achievement of technological innovation on long-term performance.

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17

van den Brink, René. "Wage differences in a firm and substitutability of labor inputs." International Advances in Economic Research 8, no. 2 (May 2002): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02295350.

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18

Levitas, Edward, and M. Ann McFadyen. "External funding and emergent technology inputs." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, no. 5 (September 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i5.833.

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The research and development (R&D) process is critical to a firm’s competitive advantage and often requires external funding. Yet, we know little about how different types of investors respond to the cash needs of established R&D intensive firms nor about how external financial analysts influence those decisions. We address these gaps by examining how a firm’s patenting activity affects its ability to raise cash. We distinguish the motivations of two investor groups: open-market and alliance partners. We focus on how patents based on emergent technologies impact two types of investors and their willingness to fund the R&D process. We develop theory and test our hypotheses using data from publicly traded biopharmaceutical firms by drawing upon knowledge-based view, alliance, and investment theories. We find evidence that patents built upon emergent technologies are viewed differently by the two types of investors. We find open market investors were less likely to invest in emergent technologies and invested less when they did. Conversely, alliance partner investors would be more appreciative of the opportunities new technology inputs present, thus, more likely to invest in firms using emergent technologies and invest more.

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19

Liu, Fudi. "Research on the Impact of Industrial Intermediate Inputs on Export Diversification of Chinese Enterprises." Advances in Economics and Management Research 5, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.5.1.255.2023.

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China has put forward the policy direction of domestic market integration in response to the volatile domestic and international political and economic environment. Meanwhile, enterprise export diversification is becoming the research frontier of the new trade theory (NTT). In order to make research on the factors affecting or determining export diversification in the contemporary context, this paper links the trend of domestic market integration with export diversification, and constructs a fixed-effects regression model using the Chinese industrial-enterprise customs matching database from 2000 to 2007 to study the relationship between industrial intermediate inputs and export diversification and the enterprise heterogeneity effects. According to the empirical results, it shows that the increase of intermediate inputs can promote the export diversification. The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that such kind of effect also varies depending on the differences in firm ownership, firm location, firm trade patterns, and capital intensity. In such a case, in order to complete the industrial upgrading of the domestic value chain and upgrade the export industrial structure under the trend of domestic market integration, it is necessary to pay attention to the liberalization of intermediate goods trade and the improvement of relevant policy conditions.

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20

Horne, David A. "Level of success inputs for service innovations in the same firm." International Journal of Service Industry Management 6, no. 4 (October 1995): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09564239510096894.

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21

Ellis, Christopher J. "LABOR MARKET SHARE CONTRACTS WHEN THE FIRM HAS TWO VARIABLE INPUTS." Economic Inquiry 26, no. 4 (October 1988): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1988.tb01527.x.

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22

Chen, Aizhen, Dongyan Zhao, and Chengying He. "Firm digital investments and capacity utilisation: A perspective of factor inputs." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 200 (March 2024): 123182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123182.

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23

Bas, Maria, and Vanessa Strauss-Kahn. "Does importing more inputs raise exports? Firm-level evidence from France." Review of World Economics 150, no. 2 (October 29, 2013): 241–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-013-0175-0.

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24

Zaclicever, Dayna, and Andrea Pellandra. "Imported inputs, technology spillovers and productivity: firm-level evidence from Uruguay." Review of World Economics 154, no. 4 (July 5, 2018): 725–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-018-0323-7.

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25

Gill, A. Malcolm, Karen J. King, and Andrew D. Moore. "Australian grassland fire danger using inputs from the GRAZPLAN grassland simulation model." International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, no. 3 (2010): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09023.

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Assessing and broadcasting the Fire Danger Rating each day of the fire season is an important activity in fire-prone nations. For grasslands in Australia, grass curing and biomass are biological variables that are not usually archived yet as inputs, along with weather data, to the calculation of Grassland Fire Danger Index (GFDI) and potential fire intensity. To assess past changes in the index, the biological inputs for GFDI for Canberra in south-eastern Australia were obtained using a pasture simulator, GRAZPLAN. Shoot biomass (including leaf litter) and grass curing were modelled using three contrasting pasture models (exotic annual, exotic perennial and native perennial) in order to calculate two variants of McArthur’s GFDI Mark 4 (the original and a modified version which includes fuel load); values were either capped at 100 as in the original (the ‘worst possible’ condition) or left open-ended. GFDI, and the potential fire intensity for fires burning with the wind each afternoon during a 54-year period were calculated. The native perennial grass model gave contrasting results to those from the exotic perennial grass model, whereas the annual grass model usually was intermediate in behaviour. GRAZPLAN outputs allow not only retrospective examination, but also provide a basis for predicting potential fire danger and behaviour as a result of climate change.

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26

Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. "Understanding the Inputs into Innovation: Do Cities Substitute for Internal Firm Resources?" Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 17, no. 2 (June 2008): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2008.00179.x.

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27

Imbruno, Michele, and Tobias D. Ketterer. "Energy efficiency gains from importing intermediate inputs: Firm-level evidence from Indonesia." Journal of Development Economics 135 (November 2018): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.014.

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28

Baptist, Simon, and Cameron Hepburn. "Intermediate inputs and economic productivity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1986 (March 13, 2013): 20110565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0565.

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Many models of economic growth exclude materials, energy and other intermediate inputs from the production function. Growing environmental pressures and resource prices suggest that this may be increasingly inappropriate. This paper explores the relationship between intermediate input intensity, productivity and national accounts using a panel dataset of manufacturing subsectors in the USA over 47 years. The first contribution is to identify sectoral production functions that incorporate intermediate inputs, while allowing for heterogeneity in both technology and productivity. The second contribution is that the paper finds a negative correlation between intermediate input intensity and total factor productivity (TFP)—sectors that are less intensive in their use of intermediate inputs have higher productivity. This finding is replicated at the firm level. We propose tentative hypotheses to explain this association, but testing and further disaggregation of intermediate inputs is left for further work. Further work could also explore more directly the relationship between material inputs and economic growth—given the high proportion of materials in intermediate inputs, the results in this paper are suggestive of further work on material efficiency. Depending upon the nature of the mechanism linking a reduction in intermediate input intensity to an increase in TFP, the implications could be significant. A third contribution is to suggest that an empirical bias in productivity, as measured in national accounts, may arise due to the exclusion of intermediate inputs. Current conventions of measuring productivity in national accounts may overstate the productivity of resource-intensive sectors relative to other sectors.

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29

Daumézon, G. "Chronique du cinéma La Tête contre les murs. Un film de Franju." L'information psychiatrique 85, no. 4 (2009): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/inpsy.8504.0377.

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30

Variyam, Jayachandran N., and David S. Kraybill. "Managerial Inputs and the Growth of Rural Small Firms." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 76, no. 3 (August 1994): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243667.

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31

Feng, Jianfeng, and David Brown. "Impact of Correlated Inputs on the Output of the Integrate-and-Fire Model." Neural Computation 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300015745.

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For the integrate-and-fire model with or without reversal potentials, we consider how correlated inputs affect the variability of cellular output. For both models, the variability of efferent spike trains measured by coefficient of variation (CV) of the interspike interval is a nondecreasing function of input correlation. When the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.09, the CV of the integrate-and-fire model without reversal potentials is always above 0.5, no matter how strong the inhibitory inputs. When the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.05, CV for the integrate- and-fire model with reversal potentials is always above 0.5, independent of the strength of the inhibitory inputs. Under a given condition on correlation coefficients, we find that correlated Poisson processes can be decomposed into independent Poisson processes. We also develop a novel method to estimate the distribution density of the first passage time of the integrate-and-fire model.

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32

Ardiyanto, Fransiskus Xaverius David. "THE IMPORTED INPUTS AND FIRM EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIAN TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDUSTRIES." Jurnal BPPK : Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keuangan 13, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.48108/jurnalbppk.v13i2.470.

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Limiting imported inputs for Indonesian textile and apparel industries may inadvertently decelerate the industries’ export performance, because each subsector in the industries has its own characteristics. This study analyzes the use of imported inputs and firms’ exports in the Indonesian textile and apparel industries. It has employed unbalanced panel data from 2000–2015 with year gaps and estimated them using regression model. The main findings show that foreign input has a positive and significant impact on the firms’ exports, and the effect is larger on the apparels than the textiles when the industries are detangled. Although the result suggests a positive connection, the government may not fully liberalize all imported inputs for the industries. Instead, they may implement an effective protection scheme by relaxing tariffs on imported inputs for domestic production and imposing high tariffs imported inputs that have the potential to compete with domestic finished products.

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33

Ardiyanto, Fransiskus Xaverius David. "THE IMPORTED INPUTS AND FIRM EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIAN TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDUSTRIES." Jurnal BPPK : Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keuangan 13, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.48108/jurnalbppk.v13i2.470.

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Анотація:

Limiting imported inputs for Indonesian textile and apparel industries may inadvertently decelerate the industries’ export performance, because each subsector in the industries has its own characteristics. This study analyzes the use of imported inputs and firms’ exports in the Indonesian textile and apparel industries. It has employed unbalanced panel data from 2000–2015 with year gaps and estimated them using regression model. The main findings show that foreign input has a positive and significant impact on the firms’ exports, and the effect is larger on the apparels than the textiles when the industries are detangled. Although the result suggests a positive connection, the government may not fully liberalize all imported inputs for the industries. Instead, they may implement an effective protection scheme by relaxing tariffs on imported inputs for domestic production and imposing high tariffs imported inputs that have the potential to compete with domestic finished products.

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34

Castellani, Davide, and Claudio Fassio. "From new imported inputs to new exported products. Firm-level evidence from Sweden." Research Policy 48, no. 1 (February 2019): 322–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.08.021.

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35

Del Boca, Alessandra, Marzio Galeotti, and Paola Rota. "Non-convexities in the adjustment of different capital inputs: A firm-level investigation." European Economic Review 52, no. 2 (February 2008): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2007.09.004.

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36

van der Marel, Erik. "Explaining Export Performance through Inputs: Evidence from Aggregated Cross-country Firm-level Data." Review of Development Economics 21, no. 3 (February 28, 2017): 731–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12309.

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37

Ohler, Adrienne M. "Behavior of the firm under rate-of-return regulation with two capital inputs." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 54, no. 1 (February 2014): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2013.07.003.

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38

Tauer, Loren W., and John J. Hanchar. "Nonparametric Technical Efficiency with K Firms, N Inputs, and M Outputs: A Simulation." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 24, no. 2 (October 1995): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500008820.

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Анотація:

Monte-Carlo simulation of nonparametric efficiency shows that even when the number of firms is large, defining ten or more inputs results in most firms being measured as efficient. Comparison of the simulated results with any empirical results may suggest that the dimension of the problem, rather than actual efficiencies, determines computed efficiencies.

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39

Freydier, Perrine, Eric Weber, Jérôme Martin, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Béatrice Guerrier, and Frédéric Doumenc. "Vermiculations in painted caves: New inputs from laboratory experiments and field observations." International Journal of Speleology 50, no. 3 (September 2021): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.50.3.2390.

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Анотація:

Vermiculations are aggregates of small particles commonly found on cave walls. They are a major concern for the conservation of painted caves, as they can potentially alter valuable prehistoric cave paintings. A previous rheological study of fine sediment deposits on cave walls revealed that this material can undergo a solid-to-liquid transition triggered by variations in the chemical composition of the water film on the wall. Such a transition could occur at the origin of vermiculations by allowing the sediment to flow under low mechanical stress. In this work, we provide quantitative information on the conditions leading to this transition and show the importance of the chemical composition of the water film on the cave walls. A complete understanding of the phenomenon will, however, require more field information. This includes monitoring of the evolution of vermiculations, for which we have developed a dedicated observation protocol. Based on the combination of photogrammetry and a geographic information system we were able to precisely map the walls of the Hall of Bulls in Lascaux cave from past and future photographs. To better understand the vermiculation process, pictures need to be taken regularly, and the chemical composition of the thin water film covering cave walls needs to be analyzed with a similar time step. The correlation between the evolution of vermiculations, the humidification phases of the walls, temperature changes and the chemical monitoring of the water film should shed new light on conditions triggering vermiculations.

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40

DeCastro, Amy L., Timothy W. Juliano, Branko Kosović, Hamed Ebrahimian, and Jennifer K. Balch. "A Computationally Efficient Method for Updating Fuel Inputs for Wildfire Behavior Models Using Sentinel Imagery and Random Forest Classification." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061447.

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Анотація:

Disturbance events can happen at a temporal scale much faster than wildland fire fuel data updates. When used as input for wildland fire behavior models, outdated fuel datasets can contribute to misleading forecasts, which have implications for operational firefighting, mitigation, and wildland fire research. Remote sensing and machine learning methods can provide a solution for on-demand fuel estimation. Here, we show a proof of concept using C-band synthetic aperture radar and multispectral imagery, land cover classes, and tree mortality surveys to train a random forest classifier to estimate wildland fire fuel data in the East Troublesome Fire (Colorado) domain. The algorithm classified over 80% of the test dataset correctly, and the resulting wildland fire fuel data was used to simulate the East Troublesome Fire using the coupled atmosphere—wildland fire behavior model, WRF-Fire. The simulation using the modified fuel inputs, where 43% of original fuels are replaced with fuels representing dead trees, improved the burn area forecast by 38%. This study demonstrates the need for up-to-date fuel maps available in real time to provide accurate prediction of wildland fire spread, and outlines the methodology based on high-resolution satellite observations and machine learning that can accomplish this task.

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41

Feng, Jianfeng, and Guibin Li. "Integrate-and-fire and Hodgkin-Huxley models with current inputs." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 34, no. 8 (February 19, 2001): 1649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/34/8/311.

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42

Hall, Sonia A., and Ingrid C. Burke. "Considerations for characterizing fuels as inputs for fire behavior models." Forest Ecology and Management 227, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.022.

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43

Silva, Gilson. "IMPORT INPUTS EFFECTS ON WAGES: EVIDENCES FROM BRAZILIAN INDUSTRIAL FIRMS." Journal of Academy of Business and Economics 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jabe-15-3.4.

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44

Greenaway, David, Richard Kneller, and Xufei Zhang. "The Effect of Exchange Rates on Firm Exports: The Role of Imported Intermediate Inputs." World Economy 33, no. 8 (July 28, 2010): 961–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.01308.x.

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45

López, David Camilo. "Duty Drawbacks, Imported Inputs Duties and Exports: Evidence from Firm-Level Data from Colombia." Revista de Economía del Rosario 25, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.12868.

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Анотація:

Using a generalized difference-in-differences approach, this study draws on a firmcountry-product-year level database covering imports and exports from Colombia to study how duty exemptions on imported goods affect export performance. The impactwas estimated depending on the intensity exposure using the Colombian duty drawback policy —Plan Vallejo. Results suggest that input-duty reduction leads to rises in the export quantities and number of varieties, especially for products not benefited by the policy; however, the scheme allows firms to accentuate the negative impact of customs duty increases. The estimated tariff revenue leakage of the duty exemptions is non-negligible in terms of the country’s GDP.

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46

Fishelson, Gideon. "On the behavior of a noncompetitive firm when the supplies of inputs are random." Journal of Economics and Business 38, no. 4 (December 1986): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-6195(86)90006-8.

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47

Brannigan, V. "Fire Scenarios Or Scenario Fires? Can Fire Safety Science Provide The Critical Inputs For Performance Based Fire Safety Analyses?" Fire Safety Science 6 (2000): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.6-207.

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48

Park, Jongdoc, Katsuya Fukuda, and Qiusheng Liu. "CHF Phenomena by Photographic Study of Boiling Behavior due to Transient Heat Inputs." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/248923.

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Анотація:

The transient boiling heat transfer characteristics in a pool of water and highly wetting liquids such as ethanol and FC-72 due to an exponentially increasing heat input of various rates were investigated using the 1.0 mm diameter experimental heater shaped in a horizontal cylinder for wide ranges of pressure and subcooling. The trend of critical heat flux (CHF) values in relation to the periods was divided into three groups. The CHF belonging to the 1st group with a longer period occurs with a fully developed nucleate boiling (FDNB) heat transfer process. For the 2nd group with shorter periods, the direct transition to film boiling from non boiling occurs as an explosive boiling. The direct boiling transition at the CHF from non-boiling regime to film boiling occurred without a heat flux increase. It was confirmed that the initial boiling behavior is significantly affected by the property and the wettability of the liquid. The photographic observations on the vapor bubble behavior during transitions to film boiling were performed using a high-speed video camera system.

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49

Messeni Petruzzelli, Antonio, Lorenzo Ardito, and Tommaso Savino. "Maturity of knowledge inputs and innovation value: The moderating effect of firm age and size." Journal of Business Research 86 (May 2018): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.009.

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50

Singh, Rahul, and Rupa Chanda. "Technical regulations, intermediate inputs, and performance of firms: Evidence from India." Journal of International Economics 128 (January 2021): 103412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103412.

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