Статті в журналах: "Ink layer"

1

He, Liu Xi, Guang Xue Chen, and Huan Mei Wang. "Effects of Paper on 3D Printing Quality in UV Ink-Jet Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.312.

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The experiment studied effects of paper on the height and glossiness of UV ink-jet 3D printing. The results showed that there all existed penetrations between the 1st ink layer and three kinds of paper, the bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the larger the penetration was, and penetration between the 1st ink and paper was obviously larger than that between two ink layers. Penetration between two ink layers was stable, almost not affected by paper. The bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the smaller the glossiness of ink layer was. There appeared directional ink strips on ink layer on three kinds of paper, beginning from the 3rd ink layer, there also appeared ink pits on ink layer on paper whose roughness and bulk were the biggest, which showed printer precision was also an important factor for the glossiness, apart from paper. Thus, the tight and smooth paper should be selected in UV ink-jet 3D printing. Before printing, pretreatment should be done to exclude the influence of the 1st ink layer and the ink strips.

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2

Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bang Gui He. "Research on the Influence of Printing Pressure and Speed on Print Quality of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.286.

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What happens in the paper surface about ink absorption is of great important for appearance of final printing. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on ink layer thickness transferred onto coated paper through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Meanwhile, the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on print density and print gloss were obtained. The results implied that higher printing pressure resulted in higher ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is less than 700N, but higher printing speed resulted in lower ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is constant. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high printing speed compared with low printing speed resulted in lower ink absorption, lower print density, lower print gloss and worse printability on the condition of same printing pressure.

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3

Lee, Jae-Young, Cheong-Soo Choi, Kwang-Taek Hwang, Kyu-Sung Han, Jin-Ho Kim, Sahn Nahm, and Bum-Seok Kim. "Optimization of Hybrid Ink Formulation and IPL Sintering Process for Ink-Jet 3D Printing." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051295.

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Ink-jet 3D printing technology facilitates the use of various materials of ink on each ink-jet head and simultaneous printing of multiple materials. It is suitable for manufacturing to process a complex multifunctional structure such as sensors and printed circuit boards. In this study, a complex structure of a SiO2 insulation layer and a conductive Cu layer was fabricated with photo-curable nano SiO2 ink and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)-sinterable Cu nano ink using multi-material ink-jet 3D printing technology. A precise photo-cured SiO2 insulation layer was designed by optimizing the operating conditions and the ink rheological properties, and the resistance of the insulation layer was 2.43 × 1013 Ω·cm. On the photo-cured SiO2 insulation layer, a Cu conductive layer was printed by controlling droplet distance. The sintering of the IPL-sinterable nano Cu ink was performed using an IPL sintering process, and electrical and mechanical properties were confirmed according to the annealing temperature and applied voltage. Then, Cu conductive layer was annealed at 100 °C to remove the solvent, and IPL sintered at 700 V. The Cu conductive layer of the complex structure had an electrical property of 29 µΩ·cm and an adhesive property with SiO2 insulation layer of 5B.

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4

Pang, Ye Chi, Zhi Jie Li, and Li Lin Shi. "Study on Relationship of Ink Thickness and Color Saturation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.295.

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In the offset printing process, the amount of ink supplying of fountain directly affects plate ink thickness, thereby affecting the color quality on the printed sheet. Ink layer thickness is difficult to judge by human eye, but we can regulate the ink thickness by detecting the color saturation. This paper describes using complex spectrum spectrometer measured data ink layer thickness and color saturation, draw two graphs of complex spectrum saturation and CIE saturation. Due to the different definitions of saturation, Cause their sensitivity of layer thickness changes response different. Two sets of data shows that the complex spectrum saturation contrast ΔS1 significantly higher than CIE saturation contrast. The data also showed that the ink color performance in terms of the relationship between layer thickness and saturation has an inflection point, the inflection point in the ink film thickness about 4μm, after reaching inflection point, even if the ink layer thickness continues to increase, there will be no significant changes in the saturation.

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5

Shin, Wooseop, Jaemook Lim, Younggeun Lee, Sewoong Park, Hyeonseok Kim, Hyunmin Cho, Jaeho Shin, et al. "Shear-Assisted Laser Transfer of Metal Nanoparticle Ink to an Elastomer Substrate." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122511.

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Selective laser sintering of metal nanoparticle ink is an attractive technology for the creation of metal layers at the microscale without any vacuum deposition process, yet its application to elastomer substrates has remained a highly challenging task. To address this issue, we introduced the shear-assisted laser transfer of metal nanoparticle ink by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the elastomer and the target metal electrode. The laser was focused and scanned across the absorbing metal nanoparticle ink layer that was in conformal contact with the elastomer with a high thermal expansion coefficient. The resultant shear stress at the interface assists the selective transfer of the sintered metal nanoparticle layer. We expect that the proposed method can be a competent fabrication route for a transparent conductor on elastomer substrates.

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6

Su, Lei, Hong Yan Chu, Li Gang Cai, and Jun Tao Zhao. "Research of Elastic Deformation of Rubber Ink Roller and Ink Flow Characteristics on Two Ink Rollers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1703.

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In order to improve the quality of colorful offset printing and know the process of ink transferring, this paper adopts the method of theoretical analysis and experiment, the velocity and pressure of the ink flow field are analyzed when the rubber roller deforms and the two rollers rotate, and the effective ink layer thickness is extracted, then the ink transferring rate can be got. The rubber roller’s deformation and ink transferring rate under different conditions are got, and factors, such as rotation velocity, deformation of rubber roller, ink layer thickness between two rollers, which affect the ink flow and transferring rate are analyzed.

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7

HAMADA, HITOMI, and DOUGLAS W. BOUSFIELD. "Nanofibrillated cellulose as a coating agent to improve print quality of synthetic fiber sheets." November 2010 9, no. 11 (December 1, 2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.11.25.

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To determine the potential of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) for use as a coating material, we studied the characteristics of several NFC-coated samples on a synthetic fiber sheet. We used two water-based printing methods to characterize the change in print quality and prepared two types of NFC by two different physical treatment methods. Various coat weights were applied onto synthetic fiber sheets, and the printability of the coated sheets was evaluated by ink absorption rates and print density. Ink pigment penetration was characterized with a confocal laser scanning microscope and a scanning electron microscope, with chemical analysis of samples using focused ion beam. The contact angle and the ink penetration rates decreased with increased coat weight of NFC. This result is the opposite of what the Lucas-Washburn equation would predict. For pigment-based flexographic inks, ink pigments were captured at the NFC layer. For dye-based inks, the ink components penetrated and moved through the NFC-coated layer. For ink-jet printing, the print quality improved with the NFC coating.

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8

Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bei Hai He. "Relationship between Binder Content and Ink Absorption of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.206.

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The ink penetration behavior depends on the coating surface structure and surface properties of the coating layer in the papermaking process, which include coating recipes and coating conditions, etc. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between binder content and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution in coated paper by LSCM. The results indicated that higher binder content could result in higher amount ink absorption. With the increasing of binder content, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased. Sample G2 with 20 parts binder produced the most unevenness ink distribution. It could be concluded that the coated paper with 25 parts binder compared with the other samples resulted in higher ink usage and better printing quality.

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9

Jin, Jiao, Huihui Ren, and Zhaoyue Liu. "Large-Area Patterning of Oil-Based Inks on Superhydrophobic TiO2 Nanotubular Layers by Photocatalytic Wettability Conversion." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101203.

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Patterning an oil-based ink on a solid surface based on a wettability difference is of significant importance for the application of offset printing. Herein, we describe a large-area patterning of oil-based ink on a self-organized TiO2 nanotubular layer based on a photocatalytic wettability conversion. The TiO2 nanotubular layer was fabricated by electrochemical anodization, which demonstrated a superhydrophobic wettability after modification with a self-assembled molecular layer. Subsequently, area-selective ultraviolet (UV) irradiation through a pre-designed pattern of water-based UV-resistant ink formed by an ink-jet technique was used to form a wettability difference. After removing the water-based ink, an oil-based ink was capable of depositing selectively on the superhydrophobic area to form the same pattern as the pre-designed pattern of water-based ink. This large-area patterning of an oil-based ink based on the photocatalytic wettability conversion is potentially applicable in offset printing.

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10

Park, Sewoong, Jinhyeong Kwon, Jaemook Lim, Wooseop Shin, Younggeun Lee, Habeom Lee, Hyun-Jong Kim, et al. "Micropatterning of Metal Nanoparticle Ink by Laser-Induced Thermocapillary Flow." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090645.

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Selective laser sintering of metal nanoparticle ink is a low-temperature and non-vacuum technique developed for the fabrication of patterned metal layer on arbitrary substrates, but its application to a metal layer composed of large metal area with small voids is very much limited due to the increase in scanning time proportional to the metal pattern density. For the facile manufacturing of such metal layer, we introduce micropatterning of metal nanoparticle ink based on laser-induced thermocapillary flow as a complementary process to the previous selective laser sintering process for metal nanoparticle ink. By harnessing the shear flow of the solvent at large temperature gradient, the metal nanoparticles are selectively pushed away from the scanning path to create metal nanoparticle free trenches. These trenches are confirmed to be stable even after the complete process owing to the presence of the accompanying ridges as well as the bump created along the scanning path. As a representative example of a metal layer with large metal area and small voids, dark-field photomask with Alphabetic letters are firstly created by the proposed method and it is then demonstrated that the corresponding letters can be successfully reproduced on the screen by an achromatic lens.

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11

Xu, Yong Chi, Shi Sheng Zhou, and Jin Lin Xu. "New Algorithm for Ink Trapping Ratio Based on Transmittance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.489.

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To reflect the relationship between the trapping effect and colorimetric value of prints, this paper establishes an algorithm to calculate the ink trapping ratio. The new algorithm assumed that the second ink of two-color overprint solid forms an evenly distributed and thinner ink layer by keeping the total ink volume as constant and it employed the transmittance of single solid ink and overprint solid to compute the ratio of the thickness of the second ink layer printed on the first ink layer and on the blank paper on basis of Lambert's law. Because of the difficulties of measuring the transmittance of prints, it used the Clapper-Yule model to calculate them. To evaluate it, the ink trapping ratio computed by the densitometry method and the new algorithm for two sets of two-color overprint solid were adopted to predict the spectral reflectance of them. By comparing the CIELAB color difference between the calculated and measured value of spectral reflectance, the proposed new algorithm is precisely defined and it improves the calculation accuracy of ink trapping.

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12

Shin, Dong Sig, Jae Hoon Lee, and Jeong Suh. "Microfabrication of Polymers Using KrF Excimer Laser Beam." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.115.

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Pulsed UV laser beams, which are widely used in the processing of polymers, offer many advantages in the field of polymer production, primarily because their photon energy is higher than the binding energy of the polymer. In particular, the fabrication of polymers with an excimer laser process is faster and more convenient than with other processes. Nevertheless, some problems occur in the precision microprocessing of polymers, including the formation and deposition of surface debris, which is produced from the breakdown of either polymer chains or radical bonds. In the present work, a process for eliminating carbonized surface debris contamination generated by the laser ablation of a polymer was developed. The proposed approach for removing surface debris utilizes an erasable ink pasted on the polymer. The surface debris ejected from the polymer is then combined with the ink layer on the polymer. Finally, both the surface debris and the ink layer can be removed using adhesive tape.

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13

Zhou, Wen Hua, Bei Hai He, Chun Xiu Zhang, and Yue Han. "Analysis on Ink Layer Rub Resistance for Coated Paper Prints." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.173.

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Having been coated, the surface unevenness and pores on paper were covered by a coating layer composed of fine particles and binders, which can absorb ink well, thereby a good uniformity and smoothness of paper could be obtained, consequently, the reproducing capability for printing dot and good whiteness, gloss and opacity can be improved. In theory, the ink rub resistance for coated paper print is mainly affected by the ink absorbance property of paper, printing conditions, ink components, rub medium and so on. In this study, seven different kinds of coated papers, the viscosities of the inks were adjusted with a viscosity adjusting agent, and then the prints were prepared by proofing with the ink with different viscosities. After drying, the prints were used for rub testing. The impact of the basic properties of coated paper and the content of reducer in inks on rub resistance were discussed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the experimental data. Printing color density loss rate and print color difference were exploited in this paper to characterize the ink rub resistance for coated paper prints. In this study, it was found that ink rub resistance was mainly influenced by ink absorbency and smoothness of the paper. Under the similar conditions, the color density of coated paper print decreases with the rub strength increasing, color difference increased gradually, but not linearly. With the increase of ink viscosity reducer content, printing density loss rates as well as color difference changed, but not be linearly.

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14

Yu, Tianyu, Wenfeng Guo, Xinjian Wang, Junyan Liu, Yang Wang, and Mingjun Chen. "Surface hydrophobicity and oleophilicity of hierarchical metal structures fabricated using ink-based selective laser melting of micro/nanoparticles." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0050.

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AbstractHierarchical structures have attracted considerable interest due to their super-oleophobic/super-hydrophobic behavior. However, it is rare to present a novel additive manufacturing (AM) approach to fabricate hierarchical metal structures (HMSs). A micro/nano mixture ink was deposited on a substrate and a laser was used to selectively scan the ink layer. A new layer of ink was deposited on the previous consolidation layer during manufacturing. The surfaces of the as-sintered HMSs exhibit inherently super-hydrophilic and super-oleophobic behavior with a 155° contact angle (CA) with oil. Furthermore, the HMSs were successfully turned into super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic mode (with a 152° CA) after surface modification with a solvent-free, electrostatic polytetrafluoroethylene particle deposition. They can be used as oil/water separation media by the functional surfaces existing in the pore channels. The experimental study of HMSs shows an effective removal of oil contaminants from water. The developed process also possesses an advantage of AM of HMSs with complex shapes in ambient air under the protection of an organic ink. Importantly, the present approach could be extended to a vast number of HMSs, for the preparation of highly durable functional materials for various applications.

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15

KAWANO, Shinichi, Yasuyuki SAITO, Hitoshi TAKEBAYASHI, Aritomo YAMAGUCHI, Hideki SAKAI, and Masahiko ABE. "Surface Chemistry of Ink-absorbing Layer on Paper for Ink Jet Printer." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 75, no. 4 (2002): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.75.162.

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16

Kumar, Manoj, Raghunandan Seelaboyina, Kshitij Taneja, Alekhya Venkata Madiraju, Anup Kumar Keshri, Sarang Mahajan, and Kulvir Singh. "Synthesis of CIS Nanoink and Its Absorber Layer without Selenization." Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (May 23, 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/739532.

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Highly crystalline CIS nanoink was synthesized using highly efficient microwave route. Thin films of CIS were fabricated using the developed ink by drop casting method. XRD pattern of CIS thin films indicates that a chalcopyrite phase with good crystallinity can be obtained using developed ink and that the composition of precursor ink can be transferred directly to the thin film without change in the stoichiometry. The developed ink alleviates the need of organic binders/dispersant and high temperature selenization using highly toxic H2Se gas (or Na2Se as a Se source) after deposition of thin film absorber layer. UV-VIS-NIR absorption analysis indicates that CIS thin film has a band gap of around 1.18 eV.

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17

Varepo, L. G., O. V. Trapeznikova, E. V. Trapeznikov, and I. V. Nagornova. "Revisiting the Quality Control of Ink Layer." Procedia Engineering 152 (2016): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.627.

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18

Dixit, Marm B., Brice A. Harkey, Fengyu Shen, and Kelsey B. Hatzell. "Catalyst Layer Ink Interactions That Affect Coatability." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165, no. 5 (2018): F264—F271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0191805jes.

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19

Yuan, Yan, Bo Peng, Hang Chi, Cong Li, Ren Liu, and Xiaoya Liu. "Layer-by-layer inkjet printing SPS:PEDOT NP/RGO composite film for flexible humidity sensors." RSC Advances 6, no. 114 (2016): 113298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra23651k.

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20

Fernández-Pradas, J. Marcos, and Pere Serra. "Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: A Method for Printing Functional Inks." Crystals 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080651.

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Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a direct-writing technique based in the action of a laser to print a small fraction of material from a thin donor layer onto a receiving substrate. Solid donor films have been used since its origins, but the same principle of operation works for ink liquid films, too. LIFT is a nozzle-free printing technique that has almost no restrictions in the particle size and the viscosity of the ink to be printed. Thus, LIFT is a versatile technique capable for printing any functional material with which an ink can be formulated. Although its principle of operation is valid for solid and liquid layers, in this review we put the focus in the LIFT works performed with inks or liquid suspensions. The main elements of a LIFT experimental setup are described before explaining the mechanisms of ink ejection. Then, the printing outcomes are related with the ejection mechanisms and the parameters that control their characteristics. Finally, the main achievements of the technique for printing biomolecules, cells, and materials for printed electronic applications are presented.

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21

KIYOTO, Ikuro. "Inkjet Ink for Quantum Dot Color Conversion Layer." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 92, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.92.158.

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22

Sidén, J., M. K. Fein, A. Koptyug, and H. E. Nilsson. "Printed antennas with variable conductive ink layer thickness." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 1, no. 2 (2007): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map:20060021.

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23

Albertsen, Arne, Koji Koiwai, Kyoji Kobayashi, Tomonori Oguchi, and Katsumi Aruga. "Combined Manufacture Methods for High Density LTCC Substrates: Thick Film Screen Printing, Ink Jet, Postfiring Thin Film Processes, and Laser-Drilled Fine Vias." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.1.6.

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This paper highlights the possible combination of technologies such as thick film screen printing, ink jet, and post-firing thin film processes in conjunction with laser-drilled fine vias to produce high-density, miniaturized LTCC substrates. To obtain the silver pattern on the inner layers, both conventional thick film printing and ink jet printing (using nano silver particle dispersed ink) were applied on the ceramic green sheets. The ink jet process made it possible to metallize fine lines with line/space = 30/30 μm. For interlayer connections, fine vias of 30 μm in diameter formed by UV laser were used. Then these sheets were stacked on top of each other and fired to obtain a base substrate. On this base substrate, fine copper patterns for flip chip mounting were formed by a thin film process. The surface finish consisted of a nickel passivation and a gold layer deposited by electroless plating. The combination of the three patterning processes for conducting traces and UV laser drilling of fine vias make it appear possible to realize fine pitch LTCC, for example, for flip chip device mounting.

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24

Zhang, Zheng Jian, Ji Hui Xin, Li Ying Yang, and Bo Tao Liu. "Influence of the Coating Layer Characteristics on the Dynamic Permeability and Printing of Ink-Jet Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.447.

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In order to investigate the influence of coating layer characteristics on the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper, coating was prepared by the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and white latex used as bottom coating (recipe label:A,B),and coating formula was made by silica (SiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol used as surface coating (recipe label:a,b,c).Then paper were coated respectively on single bottom, single surface and multilayer. Then the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper were analyzed systematically. The results showed that whether single layer or multilayer, the values of Ct, Ci were minimum when the ration of pigment and adhesive was 70:30, because the hole diameter of the coating layer was smallest, and the absorption was strongest, so the dynamic permeability was best, and the ability of ink absorption was best, color density and tone reproducibility were best. It concluded that when the proportion of SiO2 and PVA was 70:30, the dynamic permeability and printing ability of ink-jet paper were relative better.

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25

Fukumoto, Kensuke, Kazuki Nagasawa, Wataru Arai, Kunio Hakkaku, Satoshi Kaneko, Keita Hirai, and Norimichi Tsumura. "Estimation of Layered Ink Layout to reproduce desired Translucency of skin in Inkjet 3D Printer using deep neural network trained with synthetic simulated data." Color and Imaging Conference 2020, no. 28 (November 4, 2020): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2020.28.51.

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In this paper, we propose a method to estimate ink layer layout used as an input for 3D printer. This method makes it possible to reproduce a 3D printed patch that gives a desired translucency, which is represented as Line Spread Function (LSF) in this study. Deep neural networks of encoder decoder model is used for the estimation. In a previous research, it is reported that machine learning method is effective to formulate the complex relationship between the optical property such as LSF and the ink layer layout in 3D printer. However, it may be difficult to collect data large enough to train a neural network sufficiently. Especially, although 3D printer is getting more and more widespread, the printing process is still time consuming. Therefore, in this research, we prepare the training data, which is the correspondence between LSF and ink layer layout in 3D printer, by simulating it on a computer. MCML was used to perform the simulation. MCML is a method to simulate subsurface scattering of light for multi-layered media. Deep neural network was trained with the simulated data, and evaluated using a CG skin object. The result shows that our proposed method can estimate an appropriate ink layer layout which reproduce the appearance close to the target color and translucency.

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26

Pringgenies, Delianis, and Dafit Ariyanto. "Reconstruction of Light Organ in Squid With The Histological Method of Electron Transmission Microscope." Jurnal Moluska Indonesia 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54115/jmi.v5i1.1.

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The light organ is an electronic device that can emit light. However, there are light organs in animals that can produce light naturally. Loligo duvaucelii is a species whose biolumenesence comes from fluorescent bacteria that live in symbiosis in its ink sacs. This study aims to determine in detail the construction of the squid light organ using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method. The results showed that this type of squid has a pair of light organs attached to the dorso-lateral ink sac. The light organ is spherical, some are found on the surface and some are embedded on the wall of the ink sac. It consists of a lens that is located on the outer surface of the ink sac, and a sac of light organs (embedded on the wall of the ink sac) with channels connecting the pocket to the mantle cavity. The wall of the sac of the light organ consists of three layers, namely the innermost layer which is multi-fold with microvilli on the cell surface and between the folds of the sac populated with bacteria, the dense layer that acts as a reflector, and the pigment layer. Cilia are observed on the surface of the duct connecting the sac with the mantle cavity. This study concluded that the construction of the squid light organ has a convex-shaped lens structure and is muscular. In the pockets of light organs, a dense population of bacteria is found. The reflector consists of many layers, and the pigment layer contains many granules.

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27

Boonen, Hennie A. L., Janou A. Koskamp, Wolfgang Theiss, Piet D. Iedema, and Robin X. E. Willemse. "Simultaneous Real-Time Analysis of Bulk and Bottom Cure of Ultraviolet-Curable Inks Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 12 (July 25, 2017): 2699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817718203.

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The curing characteristics of an ultraviolet (UV) ink layer are of utmost importance for the development of UV inks. Measuring either bulk or bottom cure in itself is not new and has been the subject of many articles. In this article, two methods are described based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry to measure in real time and simultaneously the bulk and bottom cure of a thin UV ink layer. The procedure consists of applying a thin (10–12 µm) layer of UV-curing ink on an attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal. The bottom cure is measured with ATR. The bulk cure is measured simultaneously with a reflection analysis (method 1) or a transmission analysis (method 2). With both methods, the bulk and bottom cure can be determined. To overcome problems with the interference in the ATR reflection setup, it is recommended to use the ATR transmission setup.

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28

Li, Wei Wei, Li Xin Mo, Ji Lan Fu, Wen Bo Li, Xin Ming Fan, Jun Ran, and Lu Hai Li. "Influence of Post-Processing Methods on the Conductive Properties of Nano-Silver Conductive Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.115.

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The article prepares the jet ink with nano-silver synthesized by the lab and then adjusts the parameters of the silver colloid to fabricate nano-silver conductive ink suitable for ink-jet. Then patterns are obtained on the photo paper through EPSON ME 70 jet printing, and treated by three post-processing methods include laser sintering, heating, and solution soaking, which measured by four- point probe measurement and observed by SEM. It shows that after treatment the surface resistance of the patterns all decrease obviously. Patterns heated at 120°C for 10min, the resistance is 815mΩ/□, while the surface changes of silver layers can be observed obviously from SEM images. But the surface of the photo paper is destroyed with some bubbles on the coating surface. After 10min of laser sintering, the resistance of the silver layer reaches 890mΩ/□ from infinity. And when immersed in the NaCl solution for 5min, the patterns’ surface resistance decrease to 2.7Ω/□.

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Chen, Siting, Yuzhi Li, Yilong Lin, Penghui He, Teng Long, Caihao Deng, Zhuo Chen, et al. "Inkjet-Printed Top-Gate Thin-Film Transistors Based on InGaSnO Semiconductor Layer with Improved Etching Resistance." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040425.

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Inkjet-printed top-gate metal oxide (MO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with InGaSnO semiconductor layer and carbon-free aqueous gate dielectric ink are demonstrated. It is found that the InGaO semiconductor layer without Sn doping is seriously damaged after printing aqueous gate dielectric ink onto it. By doping Sn into InGaO, the acid resistance is enhanced. As a result, the printed InGaSnO semiconductor layer is almost not affected during printing the following gate dielectric layer. The TFTs based on the InGaSnO semiconductor layer exhibit higher mobility, less hysteresis, and better stability compared to those based on InGaO semiconductor layer. To the best of our knowledge, it is for the first time to investigate the interface chemical corrosivity of inkjet-printed MO-TFTs. It paves a way to overcome the solvent etching problems for the printed TFTs.

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Wang, Huan Mei, Guang Xue Chen, and Wen Bo Zhang. "3D Printing of Topographic Map Based on UV Ink-Jet Printer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.309.

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Traditional maps have the characteristics of high and low terrain, using the method of contour. Although contour map can express relief form, the stereo sense is not intuitive. In this paper, according to the characteristics of UV inkjet printer, the designed test pattern was printed, ink layer thickness of different colors was measured to establish a quantitative relationship between ink thickness and ink layers. The contour map of Taiwan was chosen, in graphics processing software, to extract the contour vector image according to its elevation. According to the relationship between ink thickness and ink layers, the corresponding relation table between the actual elevation and ink layers was established. Layered corresponding table was designed, according to the contour of layered principle. The experimental result shows that the color topographic map with stereoscopic effect can be obtained, through UV ink-jet printer.

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Wang, Shouxu, Xiaolan Xu, Guoyun Zhou, Yuanming Chen, Wei He, Wenjun Yang, Xinhong Su, and Yongshuan Hu. "Effects of microstrip line fabrication and design on high-speed signal integrity transmission of PCB manufacturing process." Circuit World 44, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-11-2017-0064.

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Purpose As a common transmission line, the microstrip line plays an important role in high-speed circuits. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of the circuit design of microstrip lines on the signal integrity (SI). In addition, the influence of the type and thickness of the solder resist ink on SI was analyzed to provide guidance for the related producing process design of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Design/methodology/approach Microstrip line properties consisting of shape, line-width/line-space ratio, reference layer design and as-covered solder resist ink were designed to measure the insertion loss (S21) in high-speed PCB. Findings The study showed that the insertion loss (S21) of straight, meander, snake-shaped and wavy microstrip lines was approximately consistent. A microstrip line with width/space ratio less than 0.96 is necessary, as the differential line closing produces a mutual interference. Reference layer including the discontinuous area should be repaired by adjusting the microstrip line parameters. With regard to the solder resist ink, the insertion loss of novel solder resist ink decreased by 0.163 dB/in at 12.9 GHz and 0.164 dB/in at 14 GHz, compared with traditional solder resist ink. Accordingly, the insertion loss effectively improved at a lower thickness of solder resist. Originality/value This paper demonstrated that the common designing factors of line shape, line/space ratio, reference layer and solder resist influence microstrip line SI in the significant reference of designer-making PCB layout.

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32

Hrytsenko, Olha, Vitaliy Shvalagin, Galyna Grodziuk, and Vasyl Granchak. "Influence of Parameters of Screen Printing on Photoluminescence Properties of Nanophotonic Labels for Smart Packaging." Journal of Nanotechnology 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7125682.

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Smart packaging is becoming more popular on world market as a new type of packaging able to react to changes in a packaged product during storage and informs a customer about the safety of consumption of packaged food. This article investigates the main technological issues of the use of nanophotonic printing inks based on ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for printing active elements of smart packaging on paper substrates, concerning material properties and parameters of screen printing. It is determined that the use of ink compositions with medium content of ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles allows obtaining blue-green and blue shades of luminescence color of screen printed images by changing ink layer thickness on papers with different contents of optical brightness agents (OBAs). The minimum content of ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles in the developed fluorescent inks leads to blue luminescence colors regardless the contents of OBAs of the papers and ink layer thickness. The luminescence intensity is directly proportional to ink layer thickness and partly depends on the content of OBAs in the selected paper. In order to fabricate nanophotonic elements of smart packaging with predetermined photoluminescence properties, the influence of investigated factors on photoluminescence properties of printed nanophotonic labels should be taken into account.

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Cui, Yan Yan, and Guang Xue Chen. "Preparation of High-Solids UV-Curable Actylate Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive with Low Viscosity for Printed Electronics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4936.

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If the pressure sensitive adhesive is coated on the back, it can be used for bonding electronic tag, overburden, protective layer, and RFID layer. The acrylate pressure sensitive adhesives are simple and less pollution, so more and more companies pay attention on this kind of binder. Since the thickness of adhesive layer is relatively small, ink-jet printing is now widely used to easily obtain thin layer and design the pressure sensitive adhesive shape of different parts. So how to get superior performance pressure sensitive adhesive which is suitable for ink-jet printing become an urgent problem in printed electronics. The experiment was conducted through solution copolymerization of various vinyl monomers which were selected on the principle of solvent parameter prepared by free radical polymerization. The monomer, initiator mixture solution was dropped in continuous and synchronization process. By regulating the amount of initiator and polymerization temperature, we could effectively reduce the system viscosity and prepare high quality high-solids acrylate UV-curable pressure sensitive adhesives with low viscosity for ink-jet printing. The influence of initiator, solvents, transfer reagents and temperature on the structure and properties of the resin were discussed.

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Suryadi, Gema Sukmawati, Susiani Susiani, Mawan Nugraha, Balqis Azhar Ulfah Alifah, and Meuthia Suryani. "OPTICAL DENSITY OF YELLOW PRINTS AT COATED AND UNCOATED PAPER." Jurnal Ilmiah Publipreneur 7, no. 2 (September 5, 2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/jip.v7i2.84.

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Optical Density is one of the important parameters used to control print quality. Optical density in print materials is form of interaction of ink with paper. This research is oriented to the investigation of optical density value of Yellow printing ink on coated and uncoated paper. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of printing ink thickness on optimal density value. The optical density value of yellow prints obtained using densitometer measurement, printed using IGT method on coated and uncoated paper. Ink thickness variations are applied (0.8 - 9.6 μm). Density values was found to increase as the ink layer thickness increased to a certain point called the optimal density (2.4 μm ink thickness on coated paper and 4.5 μm on uncoated paper). Optical density of yellow printing ink on coated paper is higher uncoated paper, which relates to porosity on paper

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35

Xu, Ying Jie, Xian Fu Wei, and Bei Qing Huang. "Study on Temperature Control Microcapsule Drying Agent Applies to Water-Based Gravure Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.46.

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The water-based gravure ink does not contain volatile organic solvent, which is an environmentally friendly ink. But slow drying is a bottleneck of water-based gravure ink in use. Proposed the water in Water-based gravure ink reacts with temperature control microcapsule drying agent when heated in drying box of gravure printing machine to increase the ink drying speed. Designed preparation purification and drying methodthe of calcium oxide microcapsules, which surface is coated with hydrophobic compound and surfactant. The coating layer of Water-based gravure ink drying agent has good water resistance below 60°C, which will drop from the surface of the calcium oxide in the process of temperature continues to rise. Use the rheometer to test the rheology of water-based gravure ink contain microcapsule drying agent, characterization of the drying effect of the microcapsule drying agent based on the change in viscosity of the ink. Experimental results show that, the excitation temperature of the drying agent is 40°C. The Prepared temperature control microcapsule drying agent can effectively improve the drying speed of the water-based gravure printing ink.

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36

Trudeau, Charles, Martin Bolduc, Patrick Beaupré, Patrice Topart, Christine Alain, and Sylvain Cloutier. "Inkjet-Printed Flexible Active Multilayered Structures." MRS Advances 2, no. 18 (2017): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.237.

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ABSTRACTActive inkjet materials are invoked in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. These types of multilayer assemblies contain a variety of commercially available ink formulations. It is envisioned that a dielectric SU-8 material can be used in a FET-like structure to form an interlayer between conductive silver and semi-conductive MWCNT-doped PEDOT:PSS ink layers. These printed structures may be fabricated onto a polyimide based flexible substrate, for instance. These structures are a starting point for offering valuable information on layer-on-layer printing interactions and interface problematics within a complete inkjet device fabrication.

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37

Yang, Yu, Yan Yan Cui, Guang Xue Chen, and Ming Hui He. "Preparation and Study of Ink-Jet Printing of Ag Based Conductive Ink on Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.524.

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Compared with the lithography and traditional technology, ink-jet printing technology has huge advantages such as reducing costs, improving production efficiency and reducing environment damage. The silver nanoparticles conductive ink used as core material in ink-jet printing technology has been greatly developed. At present, the conductive inks for printed circuit usually has high sintering temperature, low adhesion, poor mechanical properties, high cost, which limit the further industrial application. In this paper, nano silver pulp was prepared through liquid phase reduction method, and a self-made protective agent ensured that the particle size distribution of silver particles is about 5nm. The above silver pulp was dispersed in the organic resin to get conductive ink with 20% (wt%) silver content. Under 170°Csintering, the electrical conductivity of the ink layer was 1.15×104S/m.

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38

Kim, Gye Hyeon, Eun Ae Shin, Je Young Jung, Jun Young Lee, and Chang Kee Lee. "Effect of Spray Parameters on Electrical Characteristics of Printed Layer by Morphological Study." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050999.

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Products are manufactured as printed electronics through electro-conductive ink having properties suitable for flexible substrates. As printing process conditions affect the quality of the electronic properties of the final devices, it is essential to understand how the parameters of each process affect print quality. Spray printing, one of several printing processes, suits flexible large-area substrates and continuous processes with a uniform layer for electro-conductive aqueous ink. This study adopted the spray printing process for cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite conductive printing. Five spray parameters (nozzle diameter, spray speed, amount of sprayed ink, distance of nozzle to substrate, and nozzle pressure) were chosen to investigate the effects between process parameters and electrical properties relating to the morphology of the printing products. This study observed the controlling morphology through parameter adjustment and confirmed how it affects the final electrical conductivity. It means that the quality of the electronic properties can be modified by adjusting several spray process parameters.

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39

Wang, Jian Guo, and Ying Quan Zou. "Study of Synthesis and Characteristic of Diazoresins Used in Waterless Printing Plate." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.320.

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Some improvements had been made to the way of synthesis of diazoresins used in waterless lithographic printing plate by adjusting pH to 7 when anion exchanging and so on. Diphenylamine-4-diazonium salts (DDS) and the corresponding resins (the polycondensation product with formaldehyde) were synthesized and their structures were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic IR and 1H-NMR. The result of the experiment indicated that the diazoresins synthesized by this way had better resolvability, especially mesitylenesulfonate diazoresine and dodecyl benzenesulfonate diozoresin. What’s more, these diazoresins were applied to imaging composition of waterless lithographic printing plate with polyvinyl butyral resin and colorizing background dye. And an ink-repellent crosslinked silicone elastomer layer was superimposed on the light-sensitive layer above. The result showed that the waterless lithographic printing plate had excellent sensitivity, developing latitude, good ink receptivity and good ink repellency in the background areas.

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40

Ruscello, Marta, Tanmoy Sarkar, Artem Levitsky, Giovanni Maria Matrone, Nikolaos Droseros, Stefan Schlisske, Eleni Sachs, et al. "Nanocomposite of nickel oxide nanoparticles and polyethylene oxide as printable hole transport layer for organic solar cells." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 6 (2019): 1418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00216b.

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41

Joshi, Akshay V. "Optimization of flexo process parameters to reduce the overall manufacturing cost." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.2022.1137.

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The flexo process parameters play an important role in ink transfer and will lead to wastage of inks, substrate, solvents and printed stocks if not monitored and controlled. The work focuses on optimizing the flexo process parameters for 40 microns 3-layer polyethylene (PE) film with Blue Nitrocellulose (NC) ink to reduce overall manufacturing cost while maintaining the print quality for diaper application. An experimental design was conducted for the response Ink GSM (grams per square meter), ?E and Print Mottle with factors such as ink viscosity, anilox volume, plate dot shape and substrate opacity. The data was analyzed through Main Effect, Interaction Plot and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The regression models were developed for the response to validate the predictive ability of model. The process optimization resulted in reduction of Ink GSM, ?E and Print Mottle by 18%, 52% and 1% respectively. The ink consumption reduced by 18.26% with minimized print defects, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost.

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42

Lu, Lu, Jian Zheng, and Sandipan Mishra. "A Layer-To-Layer Model and Feedback Control of Ink-Jet 3-D Printing." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 20, no. 3 (June 2015): 1056–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2014.2366123.

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43

Dailliez, Fanny, Mathieu Hébert, Anne Blayo, Lionel Chagas, and Thierry Fournel. "Impact of a Transparent Coating on the Reflectance of a Line Halftone Pattern." Coatings 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121465.

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Many prints are coated to increase their resistance or to enhance their appearance. Applying a smooth transparent layer on a print darkens and saturates its color, an easily observable effect which can be predicted in order to obtain better color management of coated surfaces and ink saving. A model was thus developed which describes the reflectance of a single-ink line halftone in optical contact with a transparent smooth coating. It is based on the peculiar way light diffuses inside the coating layer, a phenomenon called the “halo effect”. The model was compared to two experiments conducted at different scales where line halftones were coated with different coating thicknesses. The experiments enabled us to identify and measure the darkening effect caused by a coating layer, and validated the model.

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44

Arrabito, Giuseppe, Yana Aleeva, Riccardo Pezzilli, Vittorio Ferrara, Pier Gianni Medaglia, Bruno Pignataro, and Giuseppe Prestopino. "Printing ZnO Inks: From Principles to Devices." Crystals 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060449.

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Solution-based printing approaches permit digital designs to be converted into physical objects by depositing materials in a layer-by-layer additive fashion from microscale to nanoscale resolution. The extraordinary adaptability of this technology to different inks and substrates has received substantial interest in the recent literature. In such a context, this review specifically focuses on the realization of inks for the deposition of ZnO, a well-known wide bandgap semiconductor inorganic material showing an impressive number of applications in electronic, optoelectronic, and piezoelectric devices. Herein, we present an updated review of the latest advancements on the ink formulations and printing techniques for ZnO-based nanocrystalline inks, as well as of the major applications which have been demonstrated. The most relevant ink-processing conditions so far explored will be correlated with the resulting film morphologies, showing the possibility to tune the ZnO ink composition to achieve facile, versatile, and scalable fabrication of devices of different natures.

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45

Li, Ying, and Bei Hai He. "Investigation into the Coating Surface Topography and Properties of Paper Related to Drying Condition." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1614.

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The physical structure and chemical properties of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. The typical objective of coating is to improve the appearance and printing properties of paper. In this study, the effect of drying condition on coating layer structure, surface properties, and print quality was investigated. The relationship between surface topography and drying condition was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The conclusions were drawn that high and low drying temperature were not good to the paper properties, which resulted in high roughness, low paper gloss, high ink absorption, low print gloss and paper surface efficiency. The findings indicated that the coating drying temperature affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. Moderate temperature was benefit to pigment particles and binder arranging orderly, which made the coating surface had high smoothness, gloss, paper surface efficiency, and modest ink absorption.

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46

Sha, Baoning, and Shengyao Zhao. "Dichroism Infrared-reflective Thermochromic Ink of Mobile Terminals’ Recognition." MATEC Web of Conferences 221 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822101011.

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The decoration of thermochromic ink has applications ranging from engineering devices to liquid sensors. However, when it comes to accurate computer identification the characteristic as dichroism is not fully used. Thus, we have recently proposed a manufacture method of dichroism infrared-reflective thermochromic ink. (DITI). By rubbing to heat DITI coated layer, this method enables us to finely and separately create dichroism manuscript after the handwriting is complete. Moreover, the microcapsules have cheerful compatibility. We have decorated conventional microcapsules with bola-type copolymer which allow us to fill them with Infrared (IR) reflective perssad. We consider this method promising to distinguish dichroism printing or writing on a tanglesome surface much quicker, for the IR reflective low-colour-density layer will be easily locked by an IR camera or a mobile phone camera to adjust specific characters of interest. We anticipate that this DITI ink will find use in markable temperature measurement, fluid machinery, anti-counterfeiting techniques and daily printing or writing.

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47

Deng, Pu Jun, Wei Fang, and Jian Dong Lu. "Study about Influencing of Printing Process on Gravure Printing Ink Transfer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.301.

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Abstract. Gravure printing has the characteristics including thick ink layer, bright and homochromatic color, rich and sharp tone, and strong stereoscopic impression. In the packaging-printing field, gravure printing gets more and more attentions. But in the region of gravure printing process, the study on gravure printing ink transfer is not as deep as offset print. Most researches just stay in the level of qualitative analysis, but the quantitative analysis researches are still insufficient. The factors which impact gravure printing ink transfer are not only the volume of engraving ink cell, but also printing process. In this paper, gravure printing ink transfer is analyzed quantitatively from the point of views of gravure printing pressure, printing speed, scraping blade pressure and ink viscosity. The following research has been done in this paper. Firstly, electronic engraving machine is used to engrave eight different area ink cells by 45° ink cell angle and 70lpc screen line number on the same gravure roller. Secondly, gravure proofing machine is used to make proofs in different process conditions. Thirdly, density meter is used to determine density of cell ink, and balance is used to determine the weight of ink which moves from the plate onto the paper. Finally, to analyze the influence of different printing processes on gravure printing ink transfer. The research results show that gravure printing ink transfer is influenced certainly by different printing processes. Printing process has a certain influence on the gravure printing ink transfer, and the influence degree of different dot area rate of cell is different. The doctor blade pressure and ink viscosity influence greatly gravure printing ink transfer.

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48

Dempsey, Sarah, Marek Szablewski, David Bloor, and Del Atkinson. "Printable, Transparent Force Sensing Resistive Materials for Touchscreen Applications." Key Engineering Materials 644 (May 2015): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.644.120.

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A transparent, force sensing resistive ink suitable for touchscreen technology is presented, which is capable of detecting both touch location and the applied force. The force sensing behavior is realized by a screen-printed ink layer which consists of pre-formed semi-conductive granules dispersed in an insulating polymer. The granule size is of a comparable dimension to the thickness of the printed layer. Conduction is via the creation of pressure-induced conductive pathways through the layer at the contact point. With increasing force the number of pathways increases and the resistance of the pathways decreases, reducing the resistance through the layer. The electrical behavior was tested with finger-press forces up to 5 N using a load cell and stylus attachment. Optical properties of the touchscreen were assessed using a spectrophotometer to measure the transmitted light over the range of visible wavelengths. Both the force-resistance profiles and the optical properties of the layer are dependent on the granule loading and composition. The structural, optical and force-resistance performance of test devices are discussed.

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49

Terao, Tomoyuki, Masayuki Yamamoto, and Terunobu Fukui. "Effect of Porous Structure of Coated Layer on Ink Setting." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 9 (1997): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.1349.

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50

Jung, W., K. Sahner, A. Leung, and H. L. Tuller. "Acoustic wave-based NO2 sensor: Ink-jet printed active layer." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 141, no. 2 (September 2009): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.07.010.

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