Дисертації з теми "Injera"
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1
Deribew, Henok. "The roles of bacteria in tackling folate and cobalamin deficiency : From food fermentation to the gut microbiota." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONG036.
Анотація:
Les carences en folate (vitamine B9) et en cobalamine (vitamine B12) provoquent des problèmes de santé, notamment dans les pays en développement où les régimes alimentaires à base de produits végétaux sont source de folates mais dépourvus de cobalamine. Une consommation insuffisante d'aliments d'origine animale, principale sources de cobalamine, est également préoccupante dans les pays développés en raison d’évolutions des habitudes alimentaires vers une baisse de la consommation de produits animaux pour des raisons environnementales ou éthiques. Certaines bactéries peuvent synthétiser ces vitamines lors de la fermentation alimentaire et dans le tractus digestif humain. Cependant, leur rôle dans les aliments fermentés à base de céréales et leur potentiel de production de folate dans le tractus gastro-intestinal est peu exploré. Par conséquent, cette thèse a pour objectifs d’explorer la contribution potentielle des bactéries à la diminution des carences en folates et en cobalamine. Premièrement, les teneurs en folates et en cobalamine de l'injera, un aliment de base traditionnel éthiopien à base de céréales fermentées à base de teff, ont été mesurées. Sa consommation permettrait de couvrir 5% à 23% des apports en folate recommandés pour les femmes en âge de procréer. Cependant, la cobalamine présente dans l'injera était biologiquement inactive chez les humains. Les bactéries lactiques étaient majoritaires pendant la fermentation de l'injera, et certaines espèces étaient corrélées aux taux de folate et de cobalamine. Deuxièmement, la faisabilité d'augmenter la teneur en folate et en cobalamine dans l'injera a été explorée en utilisant des souches bactériennes productrices de folate et de cobalamine a été explorée. L’utilisation individuelle de chaque souche permettait d’augmenter les taux de folate et de cobalamine dans la pâte d'injera y compris après plusieurs cycle de repiquage par pied de cuve, atteignant les apports recommandés en cobalamine et jusqu'à 29 % de folate pour les femmes. Cependant, utilisées ensemble, les souches étaient moins efficaces. Enfin, l'influence de l'alimentation et du microbiote intestinal sur le statut en folate de femmes en âge de procréer (n=10) ont été évaluées. Les participantes ont consommé pendant 3 jours de l'injera enrichi en folate par fermentation ou un régime pauvre en folate à base de riz. La consommation régulière d'injera enrichi en folate couvrait 70,1 % de l'apport en folate recommandé. Au cours de la période de régime pauvre en folate, des concentrations de folate fécaux dépassant l'apport alimentaire ont été observées, indiquant une synthèse de folates par les micro-organismes du tube digestif. Des incubations in vitro des échantillons ont également montré un potentiel variable de production de folate au cours de différentes périodes alimentaires. Cette étude a mis en évidence la relation complexe entre les micro-organismes et leur rôle potentiel dans l'amélioration du statut en folate et en cobalamine des individusFolate (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiencies have significant health implications, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries where diets rely on starchy staple foods that offer folate but lack cobalamin. Inadequate intake of animal-sourced foods, the primary cobalamin sources, is also a concern in developed countries due to shifting dietary patterns towards plant-based diets. Certain bacteria can synthesize these vitamins in food fermentation and the human gut, yet their roles in cereal-based fermented foods and their folate-producing potential in the gut remain underexplored. Therefore, this thesis aimed to explore the potential contributions of bacteria in addressing folate and cobalamin deficiencies. First, the folate and cobalamin content of injera, a traditional Ethiopian cereal-based fermented staple food prepared from teff through backslopping fermentation, was explored, and shown that injera can provide 5% to 23% of the recommended folate intake for women of reproductive age. However, cobalamin found in injera was biologically inactive in humans. Fermentation was dominated by lactic acid bacteria and, with specific species correlating with folate and cobalamin levels. Second, the feasibility of increasing folate and cobalamin content in injera was explored using folate- and cobalamin-producing bacterial strains. Applying these strains individually significantly increased folate and cobalamin levels in injera dough over multiple backslopping rounds, meeting recommended cobalamin intake and providing up to 29% of folate for women of reproductive age. However, when used together, the strains were less efficient. The evolution of microorganisms, including those present before inoculation, potentially influenced vitamin production. Finally, the influence of diet and gut microbiota on the folate status of reproductive-age women (n=10) was assessed. Participants consumed the folate-enriched injera and a rice-based low-folate diet for 3 days in a crossover design. Regular consumption of folate-enriched injera covered 70.1% of the recommended folate intake. During the period of the low-folate diet, folate concentrations in excess of dietary intake were observed, indicating a significant contribution of microbially synthesized folate. In vitro measurements of folate concentration in fecal matter illustrated varying folate production and consumption capabilities of the gut microbiota among individuals and across different dietary folate intake periods. This study highlighted the complex relationship between microorganisms and their potential roles in improving the folate and cobalamin status of individuals
2
Cates, Darcy Leanne. "Knowledge of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Populations That Self-Injure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/206.
Анотація:
Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined knowledge about non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, in individuals who engage in various degrees of the behavior and those who do not self-injure. Knowledge about NSSI was measured in three groups of respondents: those with no history of self-injurious behavior (no NSSI group), those with more limited experience with NSSI who reported 1-30 incidences of NSSI (limited NSSI group), and those with an extensive history (extensive NSSI group) who reported over 30 incidences of NSSI. To measure knowledge, participants were asked level of agreement with myths and facts about NSSI using Jeffery and Warm’s (2002) knowledge measure. It was hypothesized that the knowledge base would be higher in individuals with more extensive histories of NSSI. Further, individuals with limited histories of NSSI were predicted to have more knowledge than those who have never self-injured. Additionally, this study also hypothesized that the individual item response will vary; depending on extent of NSSI behavior.
Group mean scores on the measure were analyzed for differences using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for the differing group demographic variables of age, sexual orientation, and education level. Results indicated that individuals who have more extensive histories of NSSI evidenced higher mean scores on the measure when controlling for age, sexual orientation and educational level. Individuals with limited histories of NSSI evidenced lower mean scores, and those with no history of NSSI evidenced the lowest scores. In regard to individual item response, items were correlated with seven levels of NSSI (no NSSI, one incident of NSSI, 2-4 incidences, 5-10 incidences, 11-20 incidences, 21-30 incidences and more than 30 incidences). It was found that accuracy was significantly correlated with degree of self-injurious behaviors, with the exception of one item. This item and three additional items also produced weak correlations with other items on the measure. Each item is discussed with regard to group item performance and possible deletions in order to strengthen the measure.
Overall, the results of this investigation supported the reliability and validity of the Jeffery and Warm (2002) knowledge measure for use with individuals who self-injure. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI, the importance of refining and strengthen the measure for this use, and additional research directions.
3
Clinard, Stacey Edwards. "College Students Who Self-Injure: A Study of Knowledge and Perceptions of Self-Injury." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/170.
Анотація:
Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined self-injurious behaviors in a college population. College students, who engage in non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, were expected to evidence a higher knowledge base for the behavior than those who do not. The demographic variables of gender and sexual orientation were predicted to be over represented in the NSSI group. Further, this study examines the perceived riskiness of the behavior in individuals who self-injure, as well as their perceptions of others who engage in NSSI. The survey consisted of four sections: demographics, knowledge ofNSSI, experience with NSSI, and perceptions ofNSSI. Individuals who engage in or have a history of NSSI evidence a higher mean score or better knowledge of the behavior than those who do not. The NSSI population evidences disproportionate numbers of females and individuals with gay, lesbian, and questioning sexual orientations. Further, when examining the perceived riskiness of self-injury, the NSSI group views the behavior as less risky than the non self-injury group. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI and additional research directions.
4
Campo, Campo Ma Nazareth. "Evaluacion del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en fetos con cardiopatía fetal aislada, mediante el empleo de power doppler en tres dimensiones con correlación espacio-tiempo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402363.
Анотація:
Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) permanecen como una importante causa de morbimortalidad infantil, es conocido que existe relación entre su diagnóstico y alteracion del neurodesarrollo, los factores directamente implicados en este proceso aun no están identificados, reconocerlos genera un impacto positivo que permitiría una adecuada asesoria genética y establecer mayor oportunidad desde el período neonatal.
Objetivo: Evaluar el flujo sanguíneo cerebral en una cohorte de fetos con CC y fetos sanos en gestantes con características semejantes, Identificando los patrones circulatorios que determinen un pronóstico neonatal adverso, en los fetos con CC aislada.
Metodologia estudio prospectivo de cohorte de gestantes ingresadas al programa de anomalías cardíacas congénitas (CC) y gestantes con fetos sanos, de la Unidad de Medicina Fetal, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (Medellín – Colombia), durante el periodo 2010 – 2016. Mediante la medición del flujo sanguíneo cerebral a través de la herramienta 3D Power Doppler (3DPwD).
Resultados: Se analizaron 108 pacientes, 52 casos - 56 controles. La validez interna de la herramienta se realizó en fetos normales. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase, fue de 0.89 95% (IC 0.7574 - 0.9474). Pearson ρ 0.8867 y factor de corrección de sesgos Cb (Precisión) 0.9980.
Las características maternas basales fueron similares en ambos grupos, en características perinatales, hubo diferencia estadisticamente significativa, la edad gestacional al nacer, una media de 37.6 (SD 1,1) en CC vs 38,6 (S D1.2) en sanos, (p 0.001). El peso al nacer 2816.6 gr (SD 443.9) vs 3106.8 (SD 281.3) respectivamente, (p 0.001), la via del parto fue cesárea, 63.5 % vs 12,5 % de los sanos (p 0.001). A los 2 grupos se les realizó dos evaluaciones de los indices de flujos sanguíneo cerebral, 24-26 y 34-36 semanas: índice de vascularización (VI), índice de flujo (FI) y el índice de vascularización - flujo (VFI). Las variables tuvieron una distribución normal, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa al evaluar el IVF en el segundo y tercer trimestre entre los recien nacidos con CC y sanos, un valor IVF Medio 36.06 (DS 6.92) vs 32.14 (DS 6.49) respectivamente, (p 0.003) y al final IVF 41.62 (DS 6.6) vs 38.74 (DS 4.49), (p 0.032). El IF del segundo trimestre, 12.26 (DS 6.499) vs 9.38 (DS 4.4) respectivamente, (p 0.009). El Doppler pulsado, el apgar, el tono, el color y los reflejos mostraron diferencia entre los grupos.
Conclusion Los fetos con CC presentan procesos en útero que llevan a mayor riesgo de cambios hemodinámicos desfavorables y alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo. Identificar estos factores de riesgo en la vida prenatal pemitiría mecanismos estratégicos que lleven a una adaptación neonatal en mejores condiciones y plantear un seguimiento estricto que incluya el screening neurológico desde muy temprana edad.Congenital Cardiopathies (CC) remain as an important morbimortality cause in children, the relation between their diagnosis and an alteration of the neurodevelopement is known. Directly implicated factors in this process are still not identified, recognizing them generates a positive impact which would allow an adecuate genetic assessment and to stablish a more significant opportunity since the neonatal period. Objective: Evaluating Cerebral blood flow in a Cohort of fetuses with CC and healthy fetuses from pregnant women with similar characteristics, identifying circulatory patterns which determine an adverse neonatal prognosis in fetuses with isolated CC. Methodology: Cohort prospective study of pregnant women admitted to the Congenital Cardiac Anomalies program (CC) and pregnant women with healthy fetuses from the Fetal Medicine Unit, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (Medellín – Colombia) during the period 2010 – 2014 by measuring Cerebral blood flow through 3D Power Doppler (3DPwD) tool. Results: 108 patients were analyzed, 52 cases – 56 controls. The internal validity of the tool was carried out in normal fetuses. The intra class correlation coefficient was 0.89 95% (IC 0.7574 - 0.9474). Pearson ρ 0.8867 and a bias correction Factor Cb (Precision) 0.9980. Baseline maternal characteristics were similar in both groups; regarding perinatal characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference, gestational age at birth, median of 37.6 (SD 1,1) in CC vs 38,6 (S D1.2) in healthy, (p 0.001). weight at birth 2816.6 grs (SD 443.9) vs 3106.8 grs (SD 281.3), respectively, (p 0.001), the delivery route was cesarean, 63.5 % vs 12,5 % of the healthy (p 0.001). Both groups underwent two Cerebral blood flow index evaluations, 24-26 and 34-36 weeks: vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization – flow index (VFI). Variables had a normal distribution, a statistically significant difference was found when evaluating the VFI in the second and third trimester among newborns with CC and the healthy, a mean VFI value of 36.06 (DS 6.92) vs 32.14 (DS 6.49), respectively, (p 0.003) and in the end VFI 41.62 (DS 6.6) vs 38.74 (DS 4.49), (p 0.032). The FI of the second trimester, 12.26 (DS 6.499) vs 9.38 (DS 4.4) respectively, (p 0.009). Pulsed Doppler, the apgar, tone, color and reflexes showed difference between the groups. Conclusion: Fetuses with CC present in uterus processes which lead to a higher risk of hemodynamic unpromising changes and neurodevelopment alterations. Identifying these risk factors in the prenatal life will allow strategic mechanisms leading to a neonatal adaptation in better conditions and to set out a strict follow up which includes neurologic screening from an early age.
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Junqueira, Luis Renato [UNESP]. "Quantificação de danos causados por Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera:Thaumastocoridae) em eucalipto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144403.
Анотація:
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Introduzido no início do século XX, o eucalipto, se adaptou bem a diversos locais no Brasil, sendo hoje o gênero florestal mais plantado no país. Dentre suas inúmeras utilizações, destacam-se a produção de celulose, papel, carvão e chapas de fibras. Desde o início dos anos 2000 houve a introdução de pragas exóticas, que devido à ausência competição e controle natural e presença de alimento e clima apropriados, tornaram-se problemas para os cultivos de eucalipto. Dentre as pragas introduzidas no país, destaca-se o percevejo bronzeado do eucalipto, Thaumastocoris peregrinus. Esta espécie teve sua detecção no Brasil em 2008 e desde então já atacou mais de 500 mil hectares de florestas. Contudo, ainda não existem informações consolidadas sobre as perdas ocasionas pelo seu ataque. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar a perda em produção de madeira causada por T. peregrinus sob duas situações: (1) utilizando-se como hospedeiro um mesmo clone em duas idades diferentes e (2) utilizando-se dois clones de eucalipto distintos em uma mesma idade. Para isolar o ataque de T. peregrinus os ensaios foram conduzidos em parcelas pareadas com aplicação de calda inseticida para proteger algumas parcelas de seu ataque. Para quantificar o impacto do ataque por T. peregrinus foram contados o número de insetos em folhas e armadilhas, mensuradas o crescimento em diâmetro e altura das árvores com posterior cálculo de volume. Os resultados mostraram redução em diâmetro, altura e volume devido ao ataque de T. peregrinus, com a técnica de aplicação de inseticidas pulverizados sendo mais eficiente que o método de drench. Como conclusões a perda potencial causada por T. peregrinus levando-se em consideração apenas um pico populacional da praga foi de R$ 1,4 mil/hectare.
Introduced in the early twentieth century, eucalypt has adapted well to different locations in Brazil, being the most planted genus in the country. Among its many uses, it highlights the production of pulp, paper, coal and fiberboard. Since early 2000s the introduction of exotic pests which encountered no competition or natural enemies and presence of food and suitable climate have become pests for eucalypt plantations. Among the main pests introduced in Brazil is the bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus. Its first detection in Brazil was in 2008 and since then it has attacked more than 500 thousands hectares of eucalypt forest. However, there are no consolidated information about growth losses caused by its attack. The objectives of this study were to quantify the loss in wood production caused by T. peregrinus in two situations: (1) using as a host the same material in two different ages and (2) using two different Eucalyptus materials in the same age. To isolate T. peregrinus attack the experiment were conducted in twin plots with insecticide spraying to protect trees from T. peregrinus attack. To quantify the impact caused by T. peregrinus attack the number of insects were counted on leaves and traps, the growth on diameter and height of trees were measured for subsequent volume calculation. The results showed a reduction in diameter, height and volume due to the attack of T. peregrinus. Insecticide spraying method got better results than drench method. As conclusions the potential loss caused by T. peregrinus taking into consideration only one pest outbreak was R$ 1.400, 00/ hectare.
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Souza, Erika Regina de. "Injúrias orofaciais no esporte e uso de protetores bucais: um estudo em atletas do Estado de São Paulo, 2009." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-18112010-110038/.
Анотація:
Aspectos como a prevalência e incidência de injúrias orofaciais ocorridas no esporte e a prevalência do uso de protetores bucais são temas que vem ganhando destaque na Odontologia do Esporte e na Odontologia do Trabalho, uma vez que grande parcela dos atletas pratica as modalidades profissionalmente. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de injúrias orofaciais em esportistas profissionais e amadores. Foi realizado um levantamento epidemiológico com participantes dos Jogos Abertos do Interior, em 2009. Foram coletadas informações sobre prevalência de injúrias orofaciais e o uso de protetores bucais na prática esportiva de oito modalidades diferentes, fatores associados e qualidade de vida também foram investigados. Os dados foram analisados no pacote estatístico STATA e para verificar fatores associados foi realizada a Regressão Multivariada de Poisson, com nível de significância de 95%. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da FOUSP. Participaram do estudo 315 atletas, sendo 59,37% do gênero feminino e 50,90% amadores. Em relação às injúrias orofaciais na prática esportiva, 42,57% afirmaram já terem sofrido alguma injúria e dentre estes atletas 82,79% não utilizavam o protetor bucal no momento do acidente. Dentre os atletas que utilizavam o protetor bucal, 81,13% não apresentaram qualquer dificuldade. Em relação à qualidade de vida associada à condição de saúde bucal, a média do OHIP foi 2,98. A idade, gênero e condição sócio econômica não se mostraram associados à prevalência das injúrias. Podemos concluir que a experiência de injúria orofacial foi alta, a utilização de protetores bucais por atletas foi baixa e que os atletas participantes dos JAI 2009 têm uma ótima qualidade de vida em relação à saúde bucal.Aspects such as the prevalence and incidence of orofacial injuries occurring in sport and the prevalence of use of the mouthguards are issues that have gained prominence in Sports Dentistry and Labour Dentistry, since that a big part of the athletes are practicing the modalities professionally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries in professional and amateur athletes. An epidemiological survey was realized with the participants of the Jogos Abertos do Interior 2009. Data on the prevalence of orofacial injuries and use of mouthguards in sports were collected in eight different modalities; associated factors and quality of life were also investigated. The data were analyzed with STATA software and to verify the associated factors it was realized the Multivariate Poisson Regression with a significance level of 95%. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of FOUSP. Study participants were 315 athletes, 59.37% female and 50.90% amateurs. In relation to orofacial injuries in sports, 42.57% said they had suffered any injure and among these athletes 82.79% did not use a mouthguard at the time of the accident. Among the athletes who used the mouthguard, 81, 13% did not present any difficult. Regarding quality of life associated with oral health condition, the average in OHIP was 2.98. The age, gender and socio economic status were not associated with the prevalence of injuries. We can conclude that the experience of orofacial injury was high, the use of mouthguards for athletes was low and that athletes participating in the 2009 JAI have a superb quality of life in relation to oral health.
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Carter, Jarrod W. "Compressive cervical spine injury : the effect of injury mechanism on structural injury pattern and neurologic injury potential /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8010.
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Cunha, Aline de Souza Silva. "Dietholate no tratamento de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8236.
Анотація:
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The aim was to evaluate the protective effect of dietholate on selectivity of clomazone herbicide in forage grasses (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and cv. Massai). The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks, and the treatments were arranged in a 5 X 3 factorial scheme with, 4 repetitions. The first factor corresponded to safener doses applied to the seeds (0, 600, 1200, 2400 e 3000 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds) and the second factor corresponded to the clomazone herbicide doses (0,720 and 1440 g i.a ha-1). It was evaluated the following aspects: visual injury levels within 7, 14 and 28 days after emergency (DAE), tiller number and volumetric density of dry matter (VDDM). Dietholate provides protection to the phytotoxic effects of clomazone herbicide on the species Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa humidicola and Urochloa ruziziensis, at doses of 600, 1.200 and 2.400 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds. The utilization of safener on the species Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Massai shows protective activity specially at doses of 600 and 1.200 100 kg-1 of seeds. The results for injury on the plants indicate significant importance of dietholate as seed safener, for the use of clomazone herbicide on pasture areas.
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito protetor do dietholate na seletividade do herbicida clomazone em gramíneas forrageiras (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum cv. Massai e Mombaça). O delineamento experimental foi estabelecido em blocos casualizados, e os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu às doses do protetor aplicadas às sementes (0, 600, 1,200, 2400 e 3000 mL 100 kg de sementes-1) e o segundo fator correspondeu às doses do herbicida clomazone a 0, 720 e 1440 g i.a. ha-1. Foram avaliados níveis de injúria visual aos 7, 14 e 28 dias após a emergência (DAE), número de perfilhos e densidade volumétrica de matéria seca (DVMS). O dietholate apresenta proteção aos efeitos fitotóxicos do herbicida clomazone sobre as espécies Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa humidicola e Urochloa ruziziensis nas doses de 600, 1.200 e 2.400 mL 100 kg-1 sementes. Para as espécies Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Massai a utilização do safener exibe atividade protetora principalmente nas doses de 600 e 1.200 mL 100 kg-1 sementes. Os resultados de injúria sobre as plantas indicam importância significativa do dietholate como protetor de sementes, para o uso do herbicida clomazone em áreas de pastagens.
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Miranda, Adriana Regina. "Avaliação da expressão e localização da conexina 43 na injúria isquêmica renal aguda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-25082011-162151/.
Анотація:
As células necessitam do contato com outras células e com a matriz extracelular, para a formação de tecidos. As junções gap são estreitos canais que conectam o citoplasma de células adjacentes, promovendo a passagem de íons orgânicos, aminoácidos, nucleotídeos e outros metabólitos. Estas junções são compostas por dois conexons ou hemicanais, que atravessam a membrana plasmática da célula a que pertencem, e são compostos por seis proteínas integrais de membrana denominadas conexinas (Cxs). A Cx43 é a mais expressa, e é fosforilada ao longo do ciclo de vida, sofrendo mudanças conformacionais, resultando em diferentes isoformas (P0, P1 e P2), apresentando propriedades distintas. A Cx43 apresenta-se distribuída em todo o rim adulto. A injúria renal aguda (IRA) é uma síndrome metabólica em que ocorre redução aguda da função renal e rápida diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular, sendo hipóxia decorrente da isquemia sua causa principal. A restrição de oxigênio e nutrientes, e o acúmulo de metabólitos, resultam na injúria das células epiteliais tubulares. A depleção dos níveis de ATP, aumento nos níveis de cálcio intracelular, alterações na membrana e deformações no citoesqueleto caracterizam esta injúria. A reoxigenação tecidual atua como agressão adicional devido à liberação de radicais livres. Estudos sugerem que a ativação de hemicanais de Cx43, resultante da desfosforilação da proteína, durante depleção de ATP, esteja envolvida na IRA. Este trabalho verificou o envolvimento da Cx43 em modelo murino desta injúria, ocasionada por isquemia/reperfusão. Foram utilizados camundongos machos da linhagem C57BL/6J. A isquemia foi induzida por clampeamento das artérias renais por 45 minutos. A reperfusão ocorreu durante 24 horas após cirurgia. Foram utilizados 6 animais por grupo (isquêmicos, reperfundidos e controle). Após sacrifício, fragmentos dos rins foram submetidos a ensaios de western blot, PCR em tempo real, imuno-histoquímica e imunofluorescência. O modelo experimental foi validado através da dosagem de uréia e creatinina plasmática. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pela análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido do teste de Bonferroni. Observou-se aumento significativo dos níveis de uréia e creatinina nos animais isquêmicos e reperfundidos, em relação ao controle. A expressão gênica apresentou aumento significativo apenas nos rins de camundongos reperfundidos (1,9 vezes; P<0,01 vs controle). No western blot verificou-se aumento na quantidade da isoforma hiperfosforilada da Cx43 (P2) em rins isquêmicos (2,73 vezes; P<0,05 vs controle), com diminuição significativa nos reperfundidos (2,37 vezes; P<0,05 vs isquêmico). Nas isoformas menos fosforiladas (P1/P0), observou-se aumento nos rins isquêmicos (2,33 vezes; P<0,05 vs controle), com diminuição nos reperfundidos (10 vezes; P<0,01 vs isquêmico). Nos ensaios imuno-histológicos verificou-se diferentes localizações da Cx43 nas células epiteliais de túbulos corticais nos grupos comparados. Nos controles verificou-se distribuição difusa, e nos isquêmicos observou-se intensa marcação em superfície celular apical. Nos rins reperfundidos, a distribuição da Cx43 foi basolateral. As alterações observadas na expressão gênica, fosforilação protéica e distribuição da Cx43 nos rins foram semelhantes às mudanças observadas na isquemia cardíaca. Este estudo mostrou pela primeira vez a regulação da Cx43 em níveis transcricionais e pós-traducionais, e sua localização celular na IRA ocasionada por isquemia/reperfusão, indicando sua participação neste processo.The cells require contact with other cells and the extracellular matrix for tissue formation. Gap junctions are narrow channels connecting the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells, promoting the passage of inorganic ions, amino acids, nucleotides and other metabolites. These junctions are composed of two conexons or hemichannels, crossing the cell plasma membrane where they belong, and consist of six integral membrane proteins called connexins (Cxs). The Cx43 is the most expressed, and is phosphorylated throughout the life cycle, undergoing conformational changes, resulting in different isoforms (P0, P1 and P2) that have different properties. The Cx43 is distributed throughout the adult kidney. The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a metabolic syndrome that occurs in acute reduction of renal function and rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate. Hypoxia resulting from ischemia is its principal cause. The restriction of oxygen and nutrients, and accumulation of metabolites, result in the injury of tubular epithelial cells. The depletion of ATP levels, increased levels of intracellular calcium, changes in the membrane and cytoskeleton deformation characterize this injury. Reoxygenation tissue acts as additional injury due to release of free radicals. Studies suggest that activation of Cx43 hemichannels, resulting from dephosphorylation of the protein during ATP depletion, is involved in the AKI. This study investigated the involvement of Cx43 in a murine model of this injury, caused by ischemia/ reperfusion. We used male mice of strain C57BL/6J. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal arteries for 45 minutes. Reperfusion occurred 24 hours after surgery. We used six animals per group (ischemic, reperfused, and sham). After sacrifice, kidney fragments were tested for western blot, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The levels of plasma urea and creatinine were measured to validate the experimental model. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test. We observed significant increase in serum urea and creatinine in ischemic and reperfused animals compared to sham. Gene expression increased significantly only in the reperfused kidneys (1.9 fold, P <0.01 vs sham). The western blot showed an increase in the amount of hyperphosphorylated isoform of Cx43 (P2) in ischemic kidneys (2.73 times, P <0.05 vs sham), with significant reduction in reperfused (2.37 times, P <0 05 vs ischemic). In the less phosphorylated isoforms (P1/P0), we observed an increase in ischemic kidneys (2.33 times, P <0.05 vs sham), with a decrease in reperfused (10 times, P <0.01 vs ischemic). In immuno-histological tests we verified different locations of Cx43 in the epithelial cells of cortical tubules. In normal kidneys there was patchy distribution, while in ischemic there was intense staining in the apical cell surface. In the reperfused kidney, the distribution of Cx43 was basolateral. The changes in gene expression, protein phosphorylation and distribution of Cx43 in the kidney observed in this study were similar to changes observed in cardiac ischemia. This study showed for the first time the regulation of Cx43 in transcriptional and post-translational levels, and its cellular localization in acute renal failure caused by ischemia/reperfusion, indicating its involvement in this injury.
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Canter, Laura. "Looking at athlete's attitudes toward injury : reporting injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2007. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19828.pdf.
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Cordeiro, Priscilla Mendes. "Efeito da Justicia acuminatissima na injúria renal aguda isquêmica: estudo experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-17052017-125007/.
Анотація:
Introdução: Injúria renal aguda (IRA) é uma síndrome cuja etiologia mais frequente é isquemia reperfusão. Diversos estudos clínicos e pré-clínicos sobre IRA têm sido desenvolvidos no sentido de esclarecer os seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos e as possíveis intervenções farmacológicas com efeito renoprotetor. Merecem destaque os resultados renoprotetores de alguns fitomedicamentos. Esse estudo avaliou o efeito da Justicia acuminatissima, planta da região amazônica com propriedades anti-inflamatória e antioxidante, sobre o modelo experimental mencionado. Objetivo: Avaliar a função renal, o perfil oxidativo e a histologia renal dos ratos submetidos à isquemia/reperfusão renal, tratados com Justicia acuminatissima (sara tudo). Métodos: ensaio pré-clínico com Ratos Wistar, adultos, machos (250-350g), distribuídos nos grupos SHAM, Isquemia 30 minutos e Isquemia + sara tudo (1,0g/kg, via oral, 1 vez). Foram avaliados os parâmetros hemodinâmicos (pressão arterial média - PAM, frequência cardíaca - FC, resistência vascular renal RVR e fluxo sanguíneo renal FSR), função renal - FR (clearance de creatinina - Clcr), estresse oxidativo (peróxidos urinários PU, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico TBARs, óxido nítrico NO e tióis no tecido renal) e histologia renais. Resultados: O grupo Isquemia demonstrou declínio na FR, associado ao aumento de PU, TBARs e NO, além da redução dos tióis. O pré-tratamento com sara tudo atenuou a lesão funcional, com elevação do Clcr, redução dos marcadores oxidativos (PU, TBARs e NO) e elevação de tióis. Quanto à hemodinâmica renal, o grupo Isquemia demonstrou elevação da RVR e redução do FSR (p<0,05), enquanto que o tratamento com sara tudo induziu melhora significativa desses parâmetros. A análise histológica confirmou edema, infiltrado, achatamento e necrose tubular no grupo Isquemia, enquanto que o grupo tratado com sara tudo apresentou melhora desses parâmetros. Conclusão: A proteção renal da Justicia acuminatissima, na IRA isquêmica, caracterizou-se por melhora significativa da função renal, reduzindo a lesão oxidativa, com impacto positivo na histologia renal.Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a syndrome with growing prevalence, which ischemic-reperfusion is most frequent cause. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies about AKI have been developed to verify the pathophysiological mechanisms and the possible pharmacological interventions. The renoprotector effect of some phytomedicine in AKI induced by ischemia in rats model must be highlighted. This study evaluated the effect of Justicia Acuminatissima (sara tudo), plant from the Amazon region with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, in experimental model of AKI. Objective: To evaluate renal function, oxidative profile and renal histology in rats submitted to renal ischemia-reperfusion treated with Justicia Acuminatissima. Method: pre-clinical trial with Wistar rats, adult, male (250-350g), divided into groups: SHAM, Ischemia 30 minutes and Ischemia + (sara tudo) (1,0g/Kg, gavage, once). Hemodynamics parameters (medium arterial pressure-MAP; heart rate-HR; renal vascular resistance-RVR and renal blood flow- RBF), renal function - RF (creatinine clearance), oxidative stress (urinary peroxides-UP, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances- TBARS, nitric oxide- NO and thiols in renal tissue) and kidney histological analysis were evaluated. Results: The ischemia group demonstrated a decline on renal function (RF) associated with increase in UP, NO and TBARS and reduction in thiols levels. The pre-treatment with sara tudo resulted in understatement of functional injury, increase of crCl and reduction of oxidative biomarkers (UP, TBARS and NO) and enhancement of thiols levels. Considering renal hemodynamics, the ischemia group demonstrated increase in RVR with the decrease in RBF. The treatment with sara tudo induced significant improvement in these parameters. Histological analysis confirmed edema, infiltrated, flatness and tubular necrosis in ischemia group, while the sara tudo group presented amelioration in these parameters. Conclusion: The renoprotective effect of Justicia Acuminatissima, in ischemic AKI, features significant improvement in renal function, reducing the oxidative damage with positive impact in renal histology.
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Bredt, Luis César. "Fatores de risco para injúria renal aguda em pacientes submetidos à hepatectomia parcial." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3681.
Анотація:
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This research aims to identify risk factors for the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the postoperative period of partial hepatectomies. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 446 consecutive resections in 405 patients, analyzing clinical characteristics, preoperative laboratory data, intraoperative data, and postoperative laboratory data and clinical evolution. Adopting the International Club of Ascites (ICA) criteria for the definition of AKI, potential predictors of AKI by logistic regression were identified. Results: Of the total 446 partial liver resections, postoperative AKI occurred in 80 cases (17.9%). Identified predictors of AKI were: non-dialytic chronic kidney injury (CKI), biliary obstruction, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, the extent of hepatic resection, the occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability, post-hepatectomy haemorrhage (PHH), and postoperative sepsis. Conclusion: The MELD score, the presence of non-dialytic CKI and biliary obstruction in the preoperative period, and perioperative hemodynamics instability, bleeding, and sepsis are risk factors for the occurrence of AKI in patients that underwent partial hepatectomy.
Atualmente, a hepatectomia parcial é o tratamento de escolha para uma grande variedade de patologias hepatobiliares. Dentre as possíveis complicações das hepatectomias parciais, a injúria renal aguda (IRA) deve ser considerada como uma importante causa de aumento da morbidade e mortalidade pós-operatória. Contudo, existem dados limitados na literatura médica quanto à sua real incidência e relevância clínica. Além disto, não existe uma padronização da definição de IRA no pós-operatório de hepatectomias parcias, com vários critérios diagnósticos propostos nas publicações sobre o assunto. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de identificar fatores de risco para a ocorrência de IRA no pós-operatório de hepatectomias parciais. Métodos: Por análise retrospectiva de 446 ressecções consecutivas em 405 pacientes, foram analisadas características clínicas, dados laboratoriais pré-operatórios, dados intra- operatórios e evolução clínico-laboratorial pós-operatória, e adotando os critérios do “International Club of Ascites” (ICA) para definição de IRA, foram analisados os potenciais preditores de IRA por regressão logística. Resultados: Do total de 446 ressecções hepáticas, a IRA pós-operatória ocorreu em 80 casos (17,9%). Foram fatores preditores de IRA: a IRC não-dialítica, obstrução biliar, o índice do “Model for End-Stage Liver Disease” (MELD), a ocorrência de instabilidade hemodinâmica intra- operatória, o porte da ressecção hepática, a hemorragia pós-hepatectomia, e a sepsis pós-operatória. Conclusão: O índice de MELD, a presença de IRC não-dialítica, obstrução biliar pré-operatória, o sangramento excessivo peri-operatório e a instalação de sepsis no período pós- operatório foram fatores de risco para a ocorrência de IRA em pacientes submetidos à hepatectomia parcial.
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Pena, Kamila Dutra. "Configurações do racismo nas redes sociais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9771.
Анотація:
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It deals with an exploratory research with the purpose of investigating how society manifests itself on the black in the social network Facebook. For this, the theoretical framework on the current digital culture and also on racism was contextualized. The methodology was based on the use of software called NetVizz, which interacts with Facebook's Application Programming Interface (API), allowing the extraction of data for analysis. Among the six different types of NetVizz modules were chosen two of them: Page data and search data. The data were analyzed using the Bardin content analysis methodology. In view of the pre-established criteria, the page '' 30 Days Without Racism '' was selected for analysis and the research was divided into four categories: racism; Institutional racism; Reverse racism; Racism and racial insult. As it is extracted from the research, the social networks have great power of propagation of message and of social interactions. He verified that social actors use the network as a way to educate other users about racism and about the importance of combating prejudice and discrimination against blacks, generating diverse debates on the subject, among them what would or would not be framed as a crime, of Racism or racial insult.
Trata de uma pesquisa exploratória com a finalidade de investigar como a sociedade se manifesta sobre o negro na rede social Facebook. Para isso, foi contextualizado o referencial teórico sobre a cultura digital vigente e também sobre o racismo. A metodologia partiu do uso de um software denominado NetVizz, que interage com a API (Application Programming Interface) do Facebook, permitindo extrair dados para análise. Entre os seis tipos de módulos distintos do NetVizz foram escolhidos dois deles: dados de Páginas (page data) e pesquisa (search). Os dados encontrados foram analisados por meio da metodologia de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Diante dos critérios preestabelecidos, foi selecionada a página ‘’30 Dias Sem Racismo’’ para análise e a pesquisa se dividiu em quatro categorias: racismo; racismo institucional; racismo reverso; racismo e injúria racial. Conforme se extrai da pesquisa, as redes sociais têm grande poder de propagação de mensagem e de interações sociais. Verificou que os atores sociais utilizam a rede como forma de educar outros usuários sobre o racismo e sobre a importância do combate ao preconceito e discriminação contra os negros, gerando debates diversos sobre o assunto, entre eles o que seria ou não enquadrado como crime, de racismo ou injúria racial.
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O'Neill, Daniel Fulham. "Injury contagion: the effect of injury on teammates' performance." Thesis, Boston University, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32813.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Background: Season-ending injuries, particularly those to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), continue at a high-rate in many sports, particularly ski racing. Although many factors are thought to contribute to this injury rate in both genders, no study has looked at possible psychological influences. Hypothesis: There is a form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that affects athletes after seeing someone in their own sport sustain a serious injury. The result could be a decrease in performance both on and off the mountain. In the worst-case scenario, this change in tactics could result in injury to themselves, representing an "injury contagion". Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Students at four Eastern ski academies were studied for 3 consecutive years (2002-2005). The subjects ranged in age from 13-19 and consisted of 277 men (60.3%) and 182 women (39.7% ). When a subject sustained a season-ending injury, a peer group of that subject was tested for both psychological and performance effects. The results of this testing was compared to previous baseline testing and a similarly constructed control group from an academy without such an injury. Results: There were twelve season-ending injuries sustained over the three-year period. Significant data results were obtained from one aspect of the psychological testing of the peer group. There was a trend toward a possible "injury contagion" i.e. injury to a member of the peer group soon after injury to a teammate. Conclusions: Although the results of this study were inconclusive in establishing the existence of an "injury contagion", there were data to establish a psychological affect on some athletes after injury to one of their teammates. Clinical Relevance: Although a teammate's injury did not measurably effect performance and only showed mild evidence of a possible injury contagion, there were significant psychological affects noted in female subjects. School personnel should be trained in basic counseling techniques specific to this problem.
2031-01-01
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Fishel, Marissa. "Collegiate Student- Athletes Knowledge of Injury and Injury Prevention." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380613284.
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Akin, Faith W., and Owen D. Murnane. "Vestibular Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Blast Injury)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1940.
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Palmer-Green, Debbie S. "Injury epidemiology and injury prevention in English youth rugby union." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520932.
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Carter-Allison, Samantha Natalie. "Diagnosis threat and injury beliefs after mid traumatic brain injury." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/diagnosis-threat-and-injury-beliefs-after-mid-traumatic-brain-injury(c6ba3d52-13d9-46ea-aeee-d34ed2e43943).html.
Анотація:
Background: Diagnosis threat is a form of stereotype threat, where individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have shown performance decrements on cognitive tasks, owing to negative expectancies around cognitive ability elicited by cues in the environment. This study systematically reviews experimental studies to gauge the presence/absence of an effect of diagnosis threat on neuropsychological task performance in mTBI. It also investigates whether methodological variation and methodological quality contribute to variation in study findings. Method: A systematic search of four online databases (Medline, PyscINFO, SportDISCUS, PsycEXTRA) was conducted to identify diagnosis threat studies that employed an experimental paradigm. Neuropsychological test outcomes were extracted, along with information on inclusion criteria, mTBI diagnostic criteria, participant characteristics and study design. Methodological quality was assessed using modified Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Results: A total of nine studies were identified. Evidence for diagnosis threat was found, although there was considerable heterogeneity across study results. The most robust finding was the impact of diagnosis threat on the cognitive domain of attention/working memory. No clear associations between methodological variation, methodological quality and study outcome were noted. Conclusions: The review found evidence for diagnosis threat, although the strength of this effect may be smaller than previously thought. Although there was heterogeneity across elements of study design, there was no obvious relationship between these factors and outcome. However, the substantial variation makes comparison difficult. These issues are similar to findings in other examinations of stereotype threat. Further research is needed to replicate findings and add clarity to the impact of diagnosis threat on both objective and subjective measures, and to further investigate the role of possible moderating variables. A more formal meta-analysis in the area may also be helpful to clarify findings in the research field. Future studies should aim to create established operational definitions and outcomes to improve consistency and comparability between studies.
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Dorsett, Patricia Ann. "Spinal cord injury." Access full text, 2001. http://www.health.qld.gov.au/qscis/PDF/QSCIS_Information/Spinal_Cord_Injury_How_Do_People_Cope.pdf.
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Vassallo, Amy Jo. "Dance injury epidemiology." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18600.
Анотація:
Dance greatly contributes to social, cultural and economic development, as well as entertainment and recreational physical activity. There are many different motivators and benefits to dance participation at the recreational, elite student and professional level. There is also a risk of injury at all levels of dance practise and any injury has the potential for significant consequences. In order to effectively prevent injuries it is critical to understand their magnitude and characteristics. However, there is a paucity of data relating to dance participation and injuries in the recreational dancer, as well as research investigating injuries in professional dancers across all different styles and employment situations. Therefore, six studies were conducted in this thesis, which aimed to develop a better understanding of the epidemiology of injuries across the full spectrum of dance participation. This thesis addressed current gaps in the literature, including the incorporation of recreational dancers and the use of high quality nationally representative data. It also contributed to the local professional dance industry through Safe Dance IV, which incorporated a broader scope of professional dancers than previous Australian studies. Overall this thesis highlighted the high prevalence of injuries in dance and emphasised that injury prevention and management are important considerations for all levels of dancers.
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Gabauer, Douglas John. "Predicting Occupant Injury with Vehicle-Based Injury Criteria in Roadside Crashes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28170.
Анотація:
This dissertation presents the results of a research effort aimed at improving the current occupant injury criteria typically used to assess occupant injury risk in crashes involving roadside hardware such as guardrail. These metrics attempt to derive the risk of injury based solely on the response of the vehicle during a collision event. The primary purpose of this research effort was to determine if real-world crash injury prediction could be improved by augmenting the current vehicle-based metrics with vehicle-specific structure and occupant restraint performance measures.
Based on an analysis of the responses of 60 crash test dummies in full-scale crash tests, vehicle-based occupant risk criteria were not found to be an accurate measure of occupant risk and were unable to predict the variation in occupant risk for unbelted, belted, airbag only, or belt and airbag restrained occupants. Through the use of Event Data Recorder (EDR) data coupled with occupant injury data for 214 real-world crashes, age-adjusted injury risk curves were developed relating vehicle-based metrics to occupant injury in real-world frontal collisions. A comparison of these risk curves based on model fit statistics and an ROC curve analysis indicated that the more computationally intensive metrics that require knowledge of the entire crash pulse offer no statistically significant advantage over the simpler delta-V crash severity metric in discriminating between serious and non-serious occupant injury. This finding underscores the importance of developing an improved vehicle-based injury metric.
Based on an analysis of 619 full-scale frontal crash tests, adjustments to delta-V that reflect the vehicle structure performance and occupant restraint performance are found to predict 4 times the variation of resultant occupant chest acceleration than delta-V alone. The combination of delta-V, ridedown efficiency, and the kinetic energy factor was found to provide the best prediction of the occupant chest kinematics. Real-world crash data was used to evaluate the developed modified delta-V metrics based on their ability to predict injury in real-world collisions. Although no statistically significant improvement in injury prediction was found, the modified models did show evidence of improvement over the traditional delta-V metric.Ph. D.
22
Gribble, Michael William. "Ataxia, attention deficit, and diffuse axonal injury following closed head injury /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487668215806462.
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Keller, Kristen Jo. "Challenges to Secondary Brain Injury Prevention in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338712.
Анотація:
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inconsistency in the use of secondary brain injury prevention guidelines among US trauma centers after severe traumatic brain injury is prevalent in many literature sources. However, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of this DNP project is to identify the key barriers and challenges in compliance to the evidence-based guidelines for secondary brain injury prevention. DESIGN: An exploratory, emergent design was used to collect descriptive qualitative data through the use of a survey. SETTING: Six Phoenix Metropolitan Level 1 trauma centers. PARTICIPANTS: All survey participants who consented to survey completion, which had greater than six months of experience and directly worked with patients suffering from a severe TBI in the clinical setting. MEASUREMENTS: Participant demographics (work experience, area of work, job title), current awareness and use of Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines, and time duration for evidence based order set implementation. Narrative responses were also used to identify barriers to current use of the BTF guidelines and factors that may promote their use in the future. RESULTS: A total of 43 participants consented to the survey study, with completion by 35 participants. RNs (n=27), Physicians (n=2), NPs or PAs (n=5), with an average work experience of 6 to 14 years (42.86%). A total of n=22 (62%) of participants were unaware of the current BTF guidelines for severe TBI and only 25% (n=9) aware that their facility has a protocol based on the BTF guidelines for severe TBI, while 51% (n=18) were unsure if their facility had a protocol. Barriers were identified in narrative form and were consistent with awareness/education, provider congruence, communication, and order set/protocol process improvement. CONCLUSION: The understanding of current patient management for severe TBI based on the BTF guidelines is sporadic among the greater Phoenix area Level 1 trauma centers. Requiring proof of BTF guidelines compliance by the ACS at time of Level 1 certification may increase the consistent recommended use of the BTF guidelines for the care of severe TBIs.
24
Sanches, Juliana [UNESP]. "Efeito de injúrias mecânicas na qualidade pós-colheita de abacates." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105275.
Анотація:
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de injúrias mecânicas, por impacto, compressão e corte, na fisiologia de abacates, através de análises físicas, químicas, bioquímicas e sensoriais, tomografia de ressonância magnética e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O impacto foi aplicado nos lados opostos do fruto e provocados por queda livre de 2,00 m; a compressão, submetendo-os a pesos de 117,6 N, por 24 horas; e o corte, com quatro incisões longitudinais, com 80 mm de comprimento e 4 mm de profundidade, nos lados opostos do fruto. As diferentes lesões aplicadas aos abacates ocasionaram danos irreparáveis à qualidade dos frutos, onde os efeitos mais nocivos foram encontrados com os cortes. As imagens tomográficas não demonstraram a ocorrência de lesionamento interno em abacates 'Hass', enquanto que os frutos da 'Quintal', submetidos à compressão e ao impacto, apesar de não mostrarem lesões externas, as imagens indicaram a ocorrência de lesionamento interno e a evolução do mesmo durante o amadurecimento. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou que os tecidos da polpa de abacates 'Quintal' injuriados apresentaram desordem celular em suas estruturas e que eles podem ser protegidos por diferentes processos de cicatrização.
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of mechanical injuries, for impact, compression and cut, in the physiology of avocados, by physical, chemical, biochemical and sensorial analysis, and by use of magnetic resonance imaging and scanning electron microscopy. The impact was applied in the opposed sides of the fruit and provoked by free fall from 2.00 m; compression, submitting them to weights of 117.6 N, for 24 hours; and cut, with four longitudinal incisions, with 80 mm of length and 4 mm of depth, in the opposed sides of the fruit. The different injuries applied to the avocados caused irreparable damages to the quality of these fruits, where the most injurious effects were found for the cuts. The tomography images did not indicate the occurrence of internal injuries in 'Hass' avocados, while the fruits of the 'Quintal', submitted to the compression and the impact, although did not show external lesions, the images indicated the occurrence of internal injuries and evolution of them during the ripening. The scanning electron microscopy showed that 'Quintal' avocados tissues mechanically injured presented cellular disorder in their structures and that they can be protected by different cicatrization processes.
25
Donadon, Juliana Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Distúrbio fisiológico provocado pelo frio e prevenção com tratamentos térmicos em abacates." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105279.
Анотація:
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Um dos objetivos deste trabalho foi determinar as combinações entre temperatura e tempo capazes de ocasionar alterações no metabolismo de abacates ‘Hass’, ‘Geada’, ‘Quintal’ e ‘Fortuna’. Os outros objetivos foram: avaliar a influência deste distúrbio na qualidade dos frutos, assim como avaliar o uso de tratamentos hidrotérmicos para minimizar seus efeitos. Abacates colhidos no ponto de maturação “de vez”, da cv Hass, foram armazenados a 5ºC, 10ºC e 15ºC por 7, 14 e 21 dias, no Experimento I, e a 1±0,5°C e 4ºC por 15, 30 e 45 dias, no Experimento II. Os frutos das cvs. Geada, Quintal e Fortuna foram armazenados a 4ºC e 11ºC, por 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Ao final de cada período, eles foram transferidos para ambiente a 22ºC. Os frutos foram avaliados durante o armazenamento refrigerado, assim como depois de transferidos ao ambiente. Avaliou-se a aparência, a coloração da casca e da polpa, a perda de massa fresca, a resistência da polpa e os teores de óleo, sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Os frutos armazenados sob refrigeração, quando transferidos ao ambiente, foram comparados com aqueles armazenados a 22ºC (Tratamento testemunha). Depois de amadurecidos, eles foram avaliados quanto ao escurecimento interno e por analistas, quanto a aparência e odor. Nos abacates ‘Hass’, os sintomas de injúria por frio, na forma de manchas escuras, apareceram nos armazenados a 1±0,5°C por 15 ou mais dias, e em frutos armazenados a 4ºC, por 30 ou mais dias. Em abacates ‘Geada’ e ‘Quintal’, essas injúrias ocorreram em frutos armazenados a 4ºC, por períodos superiores a 14 dias, e em ‘Fortuna’, nos armazenados a 4ºC, por 21 dias ou mais. O armazenamento a 10ºC ou acima, somente retardou o amadurecimento. A vida útil dos abacates ‘Hass’, depois de transferidos ao ambiente, foi de 8 - 12 dias, quando armazenados...
One of the objectives of this study was to determine either temperature and time able to cause metabolic modifications of the avocados ‘Hass’, ‘Geada’, ‘Quintal’ and ‘Fortuna’. The other objectives were to evaluate the influence of these disturbances on fruit quality as well as to test the use of hydrothermical treatments in order to minimize their effects. In the Experiment I avocados of cv Hass were harvested at maturity state breaker and stored at 5ºC, 10ºC and 15ºC for 7, 14 and 21 days. In the Experiment II, they were stored at 1±0,5°C and 4ºC for 15, 30 and 45 days. Fruits of cvs. Geada, Quintal and Fortuna were stored at 4ºC and 11ºC, for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. At the end of each period fruits were transferred to ambient at 22ºC. Fruits were evaluated during cold storage as well as after transference to ambient. The appearance, skin and pulp color, weight loss, firmness and the contents of fat, solid solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA) were determined. Cold stored fruits when transferred to ambient were compared with control fruits and those stored at 22ºC. After getting ripe, fruit internal browning was determined and the appearance and odor were evaluated by untrained personnel. The symptoms of chilling injury, black spots, of ‘Hass’ avocados appeared when fruits were stored at 1±0,5°C for 15 or more days, and after 30 days when they were stored at 4ºC. The same symptoms occurred in ‘Geada’ and ‘Quintal’ avocados when the fruits were stored at 4ºC for more than 14 days, and on ‘Fortuna’ avocados stored at 4ºC, chilling injury appeared after 21 days. The storage at 10ºC or higher temperatures just retard ripening. The shelf-life of ‘Hass’ avocados, after transference to ambient, was of 8-12 days, when stored at 1±0,5°C or at 4ºC, for up to 30 days. These fruits maintained in good conditions for up to 20 days... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
26
Harling, Annie Elizabeth. "Inflammatory lung injury in preterm babies : does the method of resuscitation influence injury or does the injury predate birth ?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443921.
27
Charles, Boyer. "Observational Analysis of Injury in Youth Ice Hockey: Putting Injury into Context." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19933.
Анотація:
This study examines injury in competitive bodychecking and non-body checking youth ice hockey in male and female leagues in Ontario and Quebec. This study consisted of three parts: (1) quantifying the amount of injuries; (2) document situational factors in which hockey injuries occur; (3) observe play and interview parents to understand deeper subjective feelings towards injury and bodychecking. The research utilized a mixed method approach consisting of game observation, postgame injury assessments and semi-structured interviewing with parents. For this thesis, 56 games total were attended and only parents from the bodychecking team were interviewed.
All games were video recorded through a dual camera video system. Game footage was then analyzed frame by frame to pinpoint injury locations, points of impact and situational factors surrounding the injury. Field-notes and interviews with parents allowed for a comprehensive look into the feelings and emotions surrounding injury and bodychecking. Results from the research revealed; 1) a disproportionately higher rate of injury in bodychecking hockey comparared to non-bodychecking male and female hockey; 2) an overwhelming percentage of injuries were the result of player and board contact; 3) majority of injuries occurred on legal play; and 4) parents support the concept of delaying bodychecking till later ages.
28
Abson, Jeanne Anne. "Grief following brain injury : a validation of the Brain Injury Grief Inventory." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409238.
29
Walker, Natalie C. "The meaning of sports injury and re-injury anxiety assessment and intervention." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577225.
30
Al-Hasani, Omer Hussain. "Traumatic brain injury with particular reference to diffuse traumatic axonal injury subpopulations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5569.
Анотація:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality within society. TBI may result in both focal and diffuse brain injury. Diffuse traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is an important pathological substrate of TBI, and can be associated with a range of clinical states, ranging from concussion through to death, the clinical severity being associated with a number of factors related to the injury. A retrospective study was conducted using 406 cases with TBI, from the archive of the Academic Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) University of Edinburgh, during the period from1982 and 2005. This cohort was sequential and provided a unique description of the range of pathologies associated with fatal TBI within the Edinburgh catchment area. All the data was collected on a proforma and analysed to provide a description of the incidence in the injury patterns among the Edinburgh cohort. This cohort was then used to provide cases to try and critically assess the mechanisms of axonal injury in TBI. A study was undertaken to investigate TAI in an experimental model of non-impact head injury in a gyrencephalic mammalian model (piglet model) and in human autopsy materials using immunohistochemical analysis of a range of antibodies, and to define the distribution of axonal injury with flow and neurofilament markers in TAI. A further objective was to examine the expression of β-APP as an indicator of impaired axonal transport, three neurofilament markers targeting NF-160, NF-200, and the phosphorylated form of the neurofilament heavy chain (NFH), in different anatomical regions of piglet and human brains. The double immunofluorescence labelling method was then employed to investigate the hypothesis of co-localisation between β-APP and each one of the previous neurofilament markers. The animal studies showed significant differences in NF-160 between sham and injured 3-5 days old piglet cases (6 hour survival) and between 3-5 days sham and injured, when stained with SMI-34 antibody. In 4 weeks old piglet cases (6 hour survival), immunoreactivity of β-APP was significantly higher in injured than control. No other significant differences for any of the antibodies were noted, based on age, velocity, and survival time. Human results suggested that the brainstem had a higher level of β-APP and NF-160 than the corpus callosum and internal capsule. Co-localisation of β-APP with NFs was not a consistent feature of TAI in piglet and human brains, suggesting that markers of impaired axonal transport and neurofilament accumulation are sensitive to TAI, but may highlight different populations involved in the evolution of TAI.
31
Nuhu, Assuman. "Soccer injury surveillance and implementation of an injury prevention programme in Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28398.
Анотація:
Background: There is growing participation in soccer at all levels of sport. Soccer increases the physical and psychological demands on players, which subsequently increase the risk of injuries. There are limited prospective epidemiological studies in Africa, and studies that have been conducted to date often fail to incorporate standardised injury definitions or reporting methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct epidemiological studies within the context of low to middle-income countries, where resources may be limited, and taking into consideration exposure times to design appropriate preventive measures. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explore the nature and incidence of soccer-related injuries in first division players in Rwanda, and to establish intrinsic risk factors for injuries. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted for two seasons. Eleven teams (326 players) and 13 teams (391 players) were followed for the seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Anthropometric and musculoskeletal screening composed of flexibility tests, strength and endurance, balance and proprioception tests, and lower limb function tests were conducted as well as training and match exposure were recorded. Team medical personnel recorded the location, type, duration and mechanism of time-loss injuries following the suggestion of the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA). The primary outcome was the incidence of overall, training and match injury as well as body part, type, patterns and severity of injuries. Multivariate model using the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) was used to assess intrinsic predictors of injury. Significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: There were 455 injuries and approximately 46% of the players were injured in each of the two seasons. The team weighted mean incidence of match injuries was significantly lower during season one (14.2 injuries/ 1000 hours) compared to season two (21.9 injuries/ 1000 hours) (t(22)= -2.092, p=0.048). No difference was observed in the team-weighted incidence for overall and training injuries between the two seasons. There was increased injury incidence with increased acute: chronic training and match workload ratios. Lower extremities were the most frequently affected over the two seasons (80% of all injuries), with the knee joint most commonly injured (28% off all injuries) followed by the ankle joint (25% of all injuries). Ligament strains were the most common form of injury followed by muscle strains and contusions. The most common mechanisms of injury were collisions between players and receiving a tackle. About three quarters of the reported injuries were mild or moderate in severity and injuries to the Achilles tendon lead to the longest median lay-off time. The greatest incidence of injuries was sustained between the 46thand 60thminute of match play. A score of 11cm or less on the Sit and Reach test, more than one year in the current club and a timed hop of more than 2.5 seconds were all associated with injury. Conclusions: The rate of injuries found in this study is lower compared to the studies that reported injuries in adult male at either professional or amateur level. The patterns of training and match injuries, location, type and severity of injuries are similar to previous studies. Flexibility and balance, and coordination emerged as being significant predictors of increased risk of injury. More studies with emphasis on intrinsic and extrinsic factors are needed to attain wider knowledge concerning injuries among soccer players in Africa. Prevention intervention is necessary to minimise the of lower limb injuries.
32
Sandstedt, Scott D. "Post-injury psychological characteristics and adherence to severe sport injury rehabilitation protocols /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144453.
33
Ferreira, Paula Irusta. "Estudo de respostas fibróticas e apoptóticas em rins de ratos tratados com aldosterona." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74135/tde-16032017-103812/.
Анотація:
Procurando compreender o envolvimento da aldosterona (Aldo) na injúria renal, o objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento crônico com Aldo sobre a função renal e a histologia das arteríolas renais, procurando correlacionar os achados com a expressão de genes reguladores do processo de fibrose e apoptose. A Aldo não alterou os parâmetros fisiológicos, PA, ritmo de filtração glomerular (estimado pela depuração plasmática de creatinina), proteinúria e a morfologia das arteríolas corticais. No entanto, aumentou a expressão do RNAm para TGF-β1, PAI-1 e BAX no tecido renal, além da contagem de células TUNEL positivas nos glomérulos. O antagonismo ao receptor MR (pelo uso da espironolactona) aboliu o efeito hormonal somente sobre a expressão do RNAm para BAX e a marcação do DNA degradado (TUNEL), enquanto que o antagonismo ao GR (pelo uso do RU 486) reduziu ou aboliu todos os efeitos da Aldo. Os resultados indicam que a Aldo pode induzir respostas precoces sobre o remodelamento do tecido renal, sem ainda comprometer a função renal ou alterar a PA. Essas respostas foram independentes da sobrecarga de sal e ocorreram por um mecanismo que envolveu os receptores MR e GR.In order to understand the aldosterone (Aldo) involvement in renal injury, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of Aldo chronic treatment on renal function and renal arterioles histology, trying to correlate the findings with the regulatory genes of fibrosis and apoptosis. Aldo did not change the physiological parameters, BP, glomerular filtration rate (estimated by creatinina clearance), proteinuria and cortical arterioles morphology. However, Aldo increased mRNA expression for TGF-β1, PAI-1 and BAX in renal tissue, as well as TUNEL-positive cell count in glomeruli. MR receptor antagonism (by spironolactone) abolished only the hormonal effect on the mRNA expression for BAX and degraded DNA labeling (TUNEL); whereas GR antagonism (by RU 486) reduced or abolished all Aldo effects. The results indicated that Aldo can induce early responses on renal tissue remodeling, without altering renal function or BP. These responses were salt independent and involved MR and GR receptors.
34
Matos, Camila Tavares de Moura Brasil. "A percepção da injúria racial e racismo entre os operadores do direito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-03102017-153049/.
Анотація:
O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender e analisar a percepção da injúria racial e racismo entre os operadores do Direito, compreendidos pelos promotores de justiça e juízes. Para tanto, baseou-se nos estudos pautados na construção do discurso jurídico e pelos Estudos Culturais do Direito. Esses conceitos são importantes para a análise quantitativa de dados, visto que se realizou pesquisa empírica em direito no Arquivo Geral do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo a fim de obter o levantamento de processos e inquéritos arquivados que versassem sobre crimes raciais contra pretos e pardos na cidade de São Paulo. Desta forma, é descrito todo o caminho metodológico percorrido para a pesquisa desde as buscas eletrônicas até a etapa de tratamento dos dados. Além disso, conceitos importantes como raça, cor, racismo e discriminação são estudados pelo manto da sociologia, já que o direito não consegue abranger estes conceitos em sua análise. Aponta como principais conclusões: o racismo afeta a percepção dos operadores do direito; os magistrados e promotores de justiça não enxergam o elemento racial contido nas ofensas verbais e condutas racistas promovidas pelos réus nos documentos jurídicos; os operadores do direito são influenciados por cultura jurídica que se apega às formas e procedimentos jurídicos, mais do que à situação fática de discriminação disposta em suas mesas.The objective of this study is comprehend and analyze the perception of racial injury and racism between legal professionals, known as public prosecutors and judges. For this, qualitative analysis was based on studies guided by the construction of juridical discourse and by cultural studies of Law. These concepts are important for the qualitative analyses, because it was carried out empirical research in law at the General Archive of Court Justice of São Paulo by setting up archived processes and inquiries whose subject were racial crimes against black and brown people at the city of São Paulo. For this, it is described the methodological path taken for this research since electronic searches until the step of data treatment. In addition, key concepts as race, colour, racism and discrimination are studies by the cloak of sociology since the law cannot cover these institutes successfully. It indicates as main conclusions: racism affects the perception of legal professionals; the judges and public prosecutors doesnt see the racial element at the verbal offenses and racist conducts carried out by the defendants in the legal documents; legal professionals are influenced by a juridical culture who clings to the forms and legal procedures rather than to the factual situation of discrimination disposed at their desks.
35
Augutis, Marika. "Pediatric spinal cord injury /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-129-6/.
36
Zelt, Ronald G. "The electrical injury enigma /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61745.
37
McGrath, Joanna Ruth. "Fear following brain injury." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325266.
38
Mitchell, Margaret. "Recovery from personal injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/40922/.
39
Bourke, L. T. "Cardiac injury in lupus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1458423/.
Анотація:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) carries a significantly enhanced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and remains a leading cause of death in these patients, accounting for ~25% of all causes of mortality. Although there is clear evidence li nking accelerated atherosclerosis to SLE (and consequently an increase in cardiovascular events), another factor that may contribute to CVD related morbidity and mortality is reperfusion injury that occurs post - ischaemia. This is termed ischaemic / reperfu sion (I/R) injury and is a known important contributor to the size of the eventual infarct in the heart, which in animal studies has been shown to account for up to 40 - 50% of the final infarct size. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), originally an anti - malarial dr ug, is now used to treat autoimmune disorders, including SLE. HCQ has been shown to modulate inflammation in rheumatic diseases such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis as well as have potential cardiovascular benefits in these patients. One of the keys aims o f this thesis was to explore the potential use of HCQ in reducing cardiac I/R injury. HCQ was found to be cardioprotective in an in vitro neonatal cardiomyocytes simulated I/R injury model as well as in an in vivo cardiac I/R injury model. This was found to be through an ERK - dependent mechanism which was blocked in the presence of the ERK inhibitor U0126 both in vitro and in vivo . Another relevant question addressed in this thesis was if I/R injury is enhanced in lupus. There is evidence from an autoimmune prone mouse model that lupus IgG are pathogenic in mesenteric I/R injury . However, no study as yet has investigated human lupus IgG in a heart model. IgG was purified from the serum of SLE patients (aPL +ve vs aP L – ve), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients, juvenile onset SLE (JSLE) patients and healthy volunteers. The pre - treatment of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with IgG from all 3 patient groups enhanced simulated I/R injury. However, the most pathogenic wer e those who were aPL positive. Interestingly, JSLE patients who were all aPL negative, enhanced I/R injury to similar levels as those who tested positive in the adult patient cohort. An enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was observed in the presence of aPL positive IgG and this pathogenic effect was blocked in the presence of the p38 inhibitor SB23580. The results ob tained in this thesis have identified a potential role for HCQ in the cardiovascular field as a cardioprotective therapeutic in myocardial I/R injury. Additionally , IgG purified from patients with SLE , APS and JSLE have been shown to accelerate myocardial I/R injury.
40
Larsen, Kristina. "Self-injury in teenagers." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009larsenk.pdf.
41
Scheil, Margret. "The experience of work injury (focussing on back injury) : a discourse analytic study /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpss319.pdf.
42
Davey, Matthew. "Mixed Methods Analysis of Injury in Youth Ice Hockey: Putting Injury into Context." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30960.
Анотація:
This thesis will discuss the results of a two-year 90 game study to consider the role violence and aggression plays in competitive minor hockey and its role as a mechanism for injury. The second objective of this thesis was to determine the contextual factors that lead to injury on the ice. Using a mixed methods approach, the study followed three minor hockey teams from the Ottawa-Gatineau region over two sporting seasons. The study found that players are not being injured due to aggressive or violent play but rather players are being hurt within the rules of the game. The contextual factors that were shown to lead to injury included: (1) body-checking, (2) time of the game, (3) player’s body mass, (4) position played and (5) legal plays. Injuries were
also broken down by anatomical site (head/neck, upper body and lower body); the upper body
was affected by injury most.
43
Hart, Andrew McKay. "Peripheral nerve injury : primary sensory neuronal death & regeneration after chronic nerve injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4472/.
Анотація:
After a defined unilateral sciatic nerve transection in the rat, a novel triple staining technique was employed in order to enable the detection of neuronal death in L4 & L5 dorsal root ganglia by light microscopic morphology, and TdT Uptake Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL). Optical dissection was then used to quantify neuronal loss from statistically unbiased estimates of the number of surviving neurons. Neuronal death was demonstrated to begin within 24 hours of injury and to peak 2 weeks later, while neuronal loss plateaued 2 months after axotomy, and 39.2% of neurons died overall. Thus the most relevant experimental timepoints at which to examine the effects of putative neuroprotective strategies are 2 weeks and 2 months after axotomy, until which time a window of opportunity exists for therapeutic intervention. The principal that sensory outcome might be related to the delay between injury and nerve repair was confined by the fact that although surgical nerve repair reduced neuronal death 2 weeks after axotomy, the neuroprotective benefit depended upon how soon after injury the nerve was repaired. Even immediate repair did not entirely eliminate neuronal loss, confirming the need for an adjuvent therapy. Hence the effect of two promising agents with established clinical safety records was examined. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is a clinically proven glutathione substrate antioxidant, and anti-mitotic properties. Systemic treatment caused a dose-dependent improvement in neuronal morphology, a significant reduction in the number of TUNEL positive neurons 2 weeks after axotomy (p<0.05), and 2 months after axotomy it was found to have reduced neuronal loss from 35% to only 3% (p<0.001). L-acetyl-carnitine (LAC) is a physiological peptide integral to mitochondrial aerobic glycolysis that was found to be even more neuroprotective than NAC, since after LAC treatment no neuronal loss was detected 2 months after axotomy (no treatment 35% loss; high-dose LAC -4% loss, p<0.001).
44
Moran, Lisa M. "Do post-concussive symptoms discriminate injury severity in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury?" The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250198689.
45
Nunez, Ivette Ariela. "Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Endothelial Dysfunction In Mesenteric Arteries 24 Hrs After Injury." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/362.
Анотація:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of death in children and young adults in the United States. Besides emergency neurosurgical procedures, there are few medical treatment options to improve recovery in people who have experienced a TBI. Management of patients who survive TBI is complicated by both central nervous system and peripheral systemic effects. The pathophysiology of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy following TBI has been attributed to trauma-induced endothelial cell dysfunction; however, there is little knowledge of the mechanisms by which trauma might impact the functions of the vascular endothelium at sites remote from the injury. The endothelium lining these small vessels normally produces nitric oxide (NO), arachidonic acid metabolites, and endothelial-dependent hyperpolarizing factors to relax the surrounding vascular smooth muscle. For this research study we investigated the effects of fluid-percussion-induced TBI on endothelial-dependent vasodilatory functions in a remote tissue bed (the mesenteric circulation) 24 hours after injury. We hypothesized that TBI causes changes in the mesenteric artery endothelium that result in a loss of endothelial-dependent vasodilation. We found that vasodilations induced by the muscarinic-receptor agonist, acetylcholine, are attenuated following TBI. While the endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing component of vasodilation was preserved, the NO component was severely impaired. Therefore, we tested whether the loss of NO component was due to a decrease in bioavailablity of the NO synthase (NOS) cofactor BH4, the NOS substrate L-arginine, or to changes in expression/activity of the enzyme arginase, which competes with NOS for L-arginine. We found that supplementation of L-arginine and inhibition of the enzyme arginase rescues endothelial-dependent vasodilations in TBI arteries. This study demonstrates that there are pathological systemic effects outside the point of injury following TBI leading to a dysfunctional endothelial vasodilatory pathway. These data provide insight into the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction after trauma and may lead to new potential targets for drug therapy.
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Boeckmann, Emily L. "Self-Injury Knowledge and Peer Perceptions among Members of Internet Self-Injury Groups." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/6.
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Griffin, Stephanie Christine. "Economic Evaluation Of Injury And Injury Prevention Interventions In The U.S. Fire Service." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332672.
Анотація:
Previous research has shown that firefighters and emergency services personnel are at increased risk of fatal and non-fatal occupational injury compared to other U.S. workers. Analyses of injury and workers’ compensation claims data in this population has demonstrated that injuries are both common and an economic burden on the fire service, especially those caused by overexertion and that lead to sprains/strains. The increased risk of injury is associated with specific job tasks, including physical exercise, patient transport and fireground work, and with personal characteristics such as physical fitness. The economic evaluation of injury and injury prevention can help inform decision making on the part of leadership, including the identification and evaluation of potential targets for injury prevention programs. The aims of the current study were to: 1) evaluate a fitness intervention for new firefighters in terms of health, fitness, injury outcomes as well as workers’ compensation claims costs; 2) to analyze workers’ compensation claims data for trends in cause and injury type, as well as the effect of worker age; and 3) to model the expected change in back injury frequency and costs among emergency medical services personnel following the implementation of electrically powered stretchers. Primary data for the current study, including injury surveillance and workers’ compensation claims data, were provided by the Tucson Fire Department (TFD), Tucson, Arizona. The Probationary Firefighter Fitness Program (PFF-Fit) was designed by University of Arizona researchers in partnership with TFD. The program was implemented in the 2012 recruit academy. Outcomes, including measures of health and fitness, injury, workers’ compensation claim frequency and claims costs, were measured over 17 consecutive months for the intervention class, and compared to outcomes from controls comprised of the three most recent TFD recruit classes for the same time period. Comparing the intervention class to controls, health and fitness outcomes were statistically equivalent. The intervention group experienced statistically significantly fewer injuries, filed significantly fewer claims, and accrued aggregated claims costs approximately $33,000 less than the controls with an estimated equivalent reduction in indirect costs for a total of $66,000. The program implementation costs were nearly $69,000, leading to a one-year return on investment of -0.52 if based only on direct costs (workers’ compensation claims) or -0.048 if an estimate of indirect costs is included. Injury in the U.S. fire service has been the subject of many previous studies but the pattern of workers’ compensation claims has been studied much less frequently. Specifically, the effect of increasing worker age on the frequency and cost of claims has not been studied in this population. Routine injury surveillance and workers’ compensation data from TFD were merged and costs were described by mechanism of injury, injury type, body region and by age of the worker. The analysis of claims data shows that acute overexertion injuries are significantly more costly than injuries caused by other mechanisms, and that sprain/strain injuries are significantly costlier than other injury types. Results also show that age is an important predictor of claims cost in this population, with claims costs for firefighters over age 50, 120 to 144% greater than claims for workers under age 30. Back injury is common and costly among emergency services employees, including firefighters and emergency medical services providers, who transport patients. Previous research has demonstrated that electrically powered stretchers (EPS), which lift and lower the patient and stretcher between the loading and transport positions, are an effective means of reducing back injury among emergency medical services (EMS) providers, but to date no economic evaluation of this device has been conducted. A Markov decision analysis model simulation of a cohort of emergency services employees for incident back injury, disability and associated costs was used to compare outcomes with and without the use of the EPS. Implementation of the EPS resulted in an average cost savings of $4,617-$5,422 per emergency services employee over the service life of the equipment. Results of the current study show the PFF-Fit program may be a worthwhile program to reduce injury and claims costs but further research is needed to better understand the program’s potential effectiveness. We observed reductions in injury frequency and compensation costs among PFF-Fit program participants compared to controls; however, the mechanisms by which the PFF-Fit program were believed to be effective did not appear to be responsible for this difference. Workers’ compensation claims data analysis results continue to highlight the importance of targeting injuries caused by acute overexertion and injuries that result in sprain/strain. The results also indicate that targeting injury prevention efforts toward the specific needs of older workers may lead to important cost savings for the fire service. The EPS is likely an effective intervention to reduce back injuries and claims costs among fire and emergency services personnel, but further research is needed to evaluate injury and claims costs following implementation at several departments.
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Sauerbeck, Andrew David. "TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY INTERACT AND PRODUCE DUAL INJURY BASED PATHOLOGY AND PIOGLITAZONE CAN ATTENUATE DEFICITS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/133.
Анотація:
The development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans has been linked to genetic and environmental factors for many years. However, finding common single insults which can produce pathology in humans has proved difficult. Exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be linked to PD and it has also been proposed that multiple insults may be needed for disease development.
The present studies show that exposure to TCE prior to a TBI can result in pathology similar to early PD and that the interaction of both insults is required for impairment in behavioral function, and cell loss. Following exposure to TCE for 2 weeks there is a 75% impairment in mitochondrial function but it has yet to be shown if the addition of a TBI can make this worse. If the exposure to TCE is reduced to 1 week and combined with TBI a 50% reduction in mitochondrial function is observed following the dual injury which requires both insults. These studies provide further support for the hypothesis that PD may result from a multifactorial mechanism.
It had been established that regional differences exist in mitochondrial function across brain regions. The present studies indicate that previous findings are not likely to be the result of differences in individual mitochondria isolated from the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Further analysis of the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on enzyme activity and oxygen consumption reveal that the different regions of the brain are similarly affected by the inhibitors. These results suggest that findings from previous studies indicating regionally specific deficits following systemic toxin exposure, such as with TCE, are not the result of regional differences in the individual mitochondria.
Given that TBI results in significant dysfunction, finding effective therapeutics for TBI will provide substantial benefits to individuals suffering an insult. Treatment with Pioglitazone following TBI reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, cognitive impairment, cortical tissue loss, and inflammation. These findings provide initial evidence that treatment with Pioglitazone may be an effective intervention for TBI.
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Nasr, Haithem. "Facilitators and barriers influencing the implementation of injury prevention strategies among clubs at the University of the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6597.
Анотація:
Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)Introduction: The majority of University of the Western Cape coaches believe that in most sport codes, many female and male athletes get injured at least once a season. Consequently, occurrence of injuries signifies many set-backs in any team sports. University of the Western Cape sports injury intervention and rehabilitation strategies are relatively under-developed, and have not been systematically implemented, despite their proven effectiveness. However, due to intensive training, local and national league competitions, the number of injured athletes at University of the Western Cape has increased, and so delays of athletes’ recovery are caused. Thus, it is assumed that University of the Western Cape efforts may have lack of the necessary injury precautions on prevention and rehabilitation such as proactive injury treatment, paying special attention to the therapeutic process, including other necessary mechanisms. The current study has explored facilitating factors and some of the barriers on the implementation of injury prevention strategies, and determined the effectiveness of rehabilitation within University of the Western Cape sport teams in views of athletes, coaches, and medical staff. Methods: This study used a sequential exploratory design which entailed an initial phase of quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by a phase of qualitative data collection and analysis. This study used a close-ended survey and semi-structured interviews to identify the barriers and facilitators associated with the implementation of injury prevention strategies among sports clubs at the University of the Western Cape. Results: Data were collected on the general knowledge of players and team coaches about injury prevention as well as their sources of information regarding injury prevention. Football players were 49.5% while 15.8% were basketball players in this study. Cricket players were 10.9% while rugby players were 9.9%. Sources of players’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, coaches and the media. Sources of coaches’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, media and seminars. Most players and coaches agreed that there is a greater chance of sustaining an injury during a competitive match than during training. Players and coaches also agree that the risk of injury is reduced by wearing preferred protective clothing and thoroughly warming up and stretching prior to training or competition. Barriers to the implementation of an injury prevention strategy include not having enough time, being too tired after training, no advice given on such techniques, the notion that nobody else does it and lack of proper equipment. Facilitators of an injury prevention strategy include availability of medical staff (doctors and physiotherapists), players’ understanding of the coach’s instructions, and injury prevention facilities at University of the Western Cape, services accessibility and quality, injury discovery and follow-up, and injury prevention policy at University of the Western Cape. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: (i) Intervention directed at players and coaches in the form of health promotion programmes through education to increase their knowledge and support in implementation of all prevention strategies either in training or in competition; (ii) Governing bodies at University of the Western Cape should develop and disseminate written sports safety policies and guidelines and supervise clubs in their development programmes.
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Manfré, Filho José Antonio Encinas. "A injúria qualificada pelo preconceito e seus desdobramentos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7005.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-26The scope of this study refers to the processing of the offense from qualifying insult by prejudice specified in the third paragraph of Article 140 of the Criminal Code, based on historical approaches regarding the entitlement to honor, in constitutional legal seat and over the treatment given to offense of libel through the prevailing criminal law degrees in Brazil, we even include the steady the current forecast the Criminal Code. Also, issues to consider as the practice of such conduct, although driven by the breach of subjective honor of the offended individual part may project the effects with respect to that legal interest, well as an unknown group of people, echoing on a wider scale at the community. Further more as a result of advance human media, such as the case with the Internet aspects that allows you to admit the idea of mishandling to collective honors. Based upon these premises, they are also seen deployments, such as the possibility, through the injury, express themselves an intolerance scope and hate aspect into vogue nowadays even more owing to racially issue, prejudiced, involved in such way of behaving . Eventually, based on the assumption proportionality, to veneer of the necessity of effective protection from legal assets, admitting themselves changes in legislation, in case concerning the criminal action aimed at the processing from a discriminatory insult
O escopo deste trabalho se refere ao tratamento do delito de injúria qualificada pelo preconceito, previsto no parágrafo terceiro do artigo 140 do Código Penal, pautado em abordagens históricas acerca do direito a honra, em sede constitucional, bem como sobre o tratamento dado ao crime de injúria ao longo dos diplomas penais vigentes no Brasil, até se chegar à previsão atual constante do Código Penal. Ainda, aborda-se como a prática dessa conduta, embora alicerçada pela violação da honra subjetiva do ofendido, aspecto individual, pode projetar as consequências em relação a esse interesse jurídico também de um grupo indeterminado de pessoas, reverberando em maior escala na coletividade, ainda mais em virtude do avanço dos meios de comunicação humanos, como é o caso da Internet, aspectos que permitem seja admitida a noção de maltrato a uma honra coletiva. Com base nesses pressupostos, também são vistos desdobramentos, como a possibilidade de, por meio da injúria, expressar-se escopo de intolerância e ódio, aspecto em voga nos dias atuais, ainda mais devido à questão racial, preconceituosa, envolvida nessa forma de comportamento. Por fim, calcado no postulado da proporcionalidade, na faceta da necessidade de proteção efetiva de bens jurídicos, admitirem-se mudanças na legislação, no caso, a respeito da ação penal voltada ao processamento do delito de injúria discriminatória