Дисертації з теми "Ingénierie des systèmes – Aspect économique"
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Thine, Sylvain. "Les consultants et les systèmes d'information : la déformation de l'espace du conseil français sous l'effet des nouvelles technologies (1990-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0004.
Consulting is not an established trade such as the lawyer or physician profession to which consultants use to compare themselves. However consulting is a very important and legitimating factor in the economic world. In the beginning of the 90s as in the early 2000s, it successfully mastered the crises it encountered. Its structures are relatively stable. Eventhough the consultants mediate between the film and the everchanging economic world, it is to be asked what are the factors which help those developments and stability? In order to answer this question, we have set at work a pluri-methodological process resting on four levels over the period from 1990 through 2005. First level: a statistical analysis of consultants' morphology and professionnal and social dynamics whereby can be seen their closeness to business bourgeoisie as well as the transitory character of their consulting activity. Second: a lengthways analysis of consulting companies which renders the space structure visible, either by showing the structures at work in the consulting process (capital undivision, integration of diverse resources, concentration, social surface and volume of resources. Third: the opposition which exists between conception and realisation. Fourth an analysis of the ERP implemented at EDF helped render visible the complex interplay between consultants and their clients. A synthesis of those different analyses shows the cyclical nature of the appropriation by consulting firms of consulting services, which helps understand both the ability of the trade to change and at the same time as it perpetuates them
Gottfried, Fabrice. "Vers un outil d'aide à la décision en ingénierie territoriale appliqué à la géolocalisation de centres de santé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAH012.
Everyone knows that our western societies are getting older. Our elderly use also a lot of health care where costs go up and up year after year. Thus, health managers have to face conflicting challenges : how to offer top health protection for all at a reasonable cost for each of us and at an acceptable cost for our local health authorities. A health management that is too rigorous limited to the sole expenditure may undermine intergenerational solidarity by sacrificing the most vulnerable populations. In this way of mind, our aid decision tool could help health managers and politics find alternative solutions to restore some equity, in our case health care accessibility, to ensure sustainable social justice, the cement of all advanced societies. We have tested our tool with 2 territories having very different geographical and demographic characteristics : the densely populated Bas-Rhin region located in the Eastern part of France and the less densely populated region of Estrie located in the South-eastern Province of Quebec (Canada). Our tool may only be part of the solution to these health care costs mentioned above but, its utility and originality are also easily transferable to other possible organizational environments
Dinh, Duc-Hanh. "Opportunistic Predictive Maintenance for Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Dependences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0171.
Recently, maintenance modeling for multi-component systems with dependences (economic, stochastic, and/or structural dependences) has been extensively studied. However, most of the existing studies only consider one type of dependence since combining more than one makes the models too complicated to analyze and solve. However, in practice, several types of dependences, especially, the economic and structural dependences, may exist together in the system. To face this issue, the main objective of this thesis is to consider both economic and structural dependences in maintenance modeling and optimization for multi-component systems in framework of predictive maintenance. For this purpose, the impacts of economic and structural dependences on the maintenance cost, duration and the degradation process of the components are firstly investigated. Mathematical models for quantifying the impacts of the economic and structural dependences are then developed. Finally, a multi-level opportunistic maintenance policy is proposed to consider the impacts of these dependences between components.Due to the structural dependence between components, when a maintenance (preventive or corrective action) occurs, only few components need to be disassembled. The disassembled components are subjected to both economic and structural dependences while the non-disassembled components are subjected to only economic dependence. In that way, the proposed maintenance policy is characterized by one preventive threshold, that is used to select survival components for preventive maintenance, and two opportunistic maintenance thresholds, that are used for opportunistic maintenance. When a maintenance occurs, the first opportunistic threshold is defined to select the non-disassembled components (with only economic dependence) while the second opportunistic threshold is then developed to consider the disassembled components for opportunistic maintenance (with both economic and structural dependences). To evaluate the performance of the proposed opportunistic maintenance policy, a cost model is developed. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is then implemented to find the optimal decision variables. Finally, the proposed opportunistic maintenance policy is illustrated through a conveyor system to show its feasibility and added value in maintenance optimization framework
Mansilla-Pellen, Christine. "Contribution à l'optimisation technico-économique de systèmes énergétiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1013.
The traditional approach currently used to assess the economic interest of energy systems is based on a defined flow-sheet. It is then possible to calculate a production cost (that includes percentages of investment and operating costs) based on a scenario which includes the length of building and operating periods as well as a discount rate. Some studies have shown that the flow-sheets corresponding to the best thermodynamic efficiencies do not necessarily lead to the best production costs. After reviewing the thermo-economic optimisation principles, a method called techno-economic optimisation was proposed. This method aims at minimising the production cost of a given energy system, including both investment and operating costs. It was implemented using genetic algorithms. This approach was compared to the heat integration method on two different examples, thus validating its interest. Techno-economic optimisation was then applied to different energy systems dealing with hydrogen as well as electricity production
Halisso, Zakwan. "Analyse thermo-économique des systèmes de cogénération." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10138.
Ln this thesis, we are interested in the case of the systems of cogeneration. More precisely, we wanted to make a thermo-economic study concerning these systems and in particular, which thermal and financial benefit can be carried out by replacing an existing conventional system in a system of cogeneration. New important variables concerning the criteria of performance of systems of cogeneration were defines. A comparative study of the thermodynamic performances of various types of power stations of cogeneration is realized. An economic evaluation of the power stations of cogeneration by comparison with the conventional system make possible to understand the financial aspect. Finally, calculations are applied to an example of residence hall, and shows that the use of a system of cogeneration is a profitable solution at the end of some years
Bell-Aldeghi, Rosalind. "Analyse économique des systèmes mixtes d'assurance maladie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCB002.
In France, in 2014, health expenditures represented EUR 190 billion. This figure grows year after year; 76.6% is financed by a compulsory social insurance (Assurance Maladie), with contributions proportional to income; 13.5% is financed by private complementary insurances and 8.5% is financed directly by households in the form of out-of-pockets. The relationship between Social Health Insurance (SHI) and Private Health Insurance (PHI) is what characterises a mixed system.Within mixed systems, insurances can complement each other but also interact in inefficient ways. In a first part, I study a system where SHI can be complemented by a complementary or supplementary private insurance. Whereas there was a confusion in the theoretical literature between complementary and supplementary insurances, we find that these insurances can have opposing effects. This model underlines the importance of the nature of the health good (in terms of elasticity) insured by SHI on the optimal rate of social insurance. The higher the rate of low income individual purchasing the socially insured good, the higher the redistributive effect of insurance will be. Marginal utility of poor individuals being higher than high income individuals, I find that using an unweighted additive welfare function, the optimal social insurance rate of insurance is positively related to the redistributive characteristic of insurance.In this first part we underline that the selection of goods that should be insured privately depends on the definition of social insurance. The second part studies what criteria should be used to select the goods to socially insure. At the heart of the selection of goods to socially insure is the possibility of comparing individual preferences debated extensively within welfare economics and formalised by Arrow’s incompatibility theorem. The equivalent income principal developed by Fleurbaey et al. (2013) offers to overcome this limitation. This ordinal criteria, defined as the income in perfect health which yields the same satisfaction as the income in a sick state (i.e. the income in good health minus the willingness to pay to be in good health), allows making interpersonal comparisons. By adapting a theoretical model studying the optimal selection of goods to insure socially (Hoel, 2007) and by using the equivalent income criteria, we find that the introduction of private health insurance decreases the marginal benefit of social insurance. This modifies the ranking function and decreases the optimal social budget, leaving uninsured individuals facing the impossibility to use certain efficient treatments.Whereas the second part revealed what treatment social insurance should first renounce reimbursing in a within a limited budget, the last chapter studies a market characterised by minimal social participation. The market of eyewear (glasses) is characterised by strong asymmetric information and product differentiation. Beyond financing health expenditures, we ask whether, similarly to social insurance, PHI are able to reduce the effects of market failures and manage health expenditures. Following the literature on managed-care and competition for the right to serve a demand, the effect of networks of preferred provides on prices is analysed. Using an exclusive dataset of all purchases in eyewear made by MGEN (Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale) enrollees between 2012 and 2014, we test empirically the effect of the network on the number of purchases and the prices of lenses. The effect of competition for the network and in the market on prices of unifocal and bifocal lenses, within 450 areas of France, is estimated. We find that competition for the network reduces significantly prices of purchases made inside the network and competition in the market reduces prices outside the network
Frenken, Koen. "Innovation de produit : une application de la théorie des systèmes complexes." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21033.
Savidan, Pierre-Yves. "Biens, systèmes et concurrence dans le transport aérien." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010003.
Van, Binh Tran. "Introduction des systèmes experts en économie de l'énergie." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21011.
This dissertation shows some results obtained from an exploration study about possible applications of the expert systems technique in the energy economics field. The objective consists not in realizing completely operational expert system, but in designing "tracks" which lead to identify the problems which are resolvable by this technique, and to describe the general structure and the main elements for each system. To illustrate the faisability of the propositions, we have incorporated in each part some bases of rules or models based on knowledge ; for propose of principal demonstration, we have developed a very detailed prototype aiding to the construction, validation and expliotation of the global energy balance sheet
Fournier, Martin. "La durabilité des systèmes productifs laitiers québécois et ontariens en tant qu'indicateur de leur compétitivité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25551/25551.pdf.
Baranès, Edmond. "Tarification, différenciation et concurrence dans les réseaux : une application au cas des télécommunications." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010052.
In this thesis we study the competition between telecommunications networks in a normative and positive views. We analyse more precisely firm's strategies. The first part of this thesis studies the liberalization in telecommunications (chapter 1). We present a survey of network economy (chapter 2). The second part of this thesis analyses the network interconnection in the case of one way access. We present a model of vertical differentiation in which the incumbent is vertically integrated. We study the strategy of the incumbent when he is faced with competitor in dowstream market (chapter 3). The chapter 4 present a model in wich we examine the strategic aspect of qualities choices. The next part of this thesis studies the network structure in dowstream. We examine network interconnection in a two way access with network externalities (chapter 5). The chapter 6 analyses the effects of congestion on network competition
Isoard, Stéphane. "Adoption des innovations et systèmes énergétiques durables : une analyse formalisée de la dynamique du changement technique." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010073.
Cadiou, Yann. "Analyse comparative des systèmes d'innovation de la France et du Japon dans le contexte de la mondialisation." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070023.
Internationalization of innovation systems is studied within the framework of the institutionalistic theories of innovation, in a context of globalization of the activities, intensification of the transfers of knowledge and development of ICT's. Internationalization of these systems is analysed starting from a former work (8 typologies carried out on each subsystem), a comparison of the trajectories of France and Japan from the point of view of the performances of the countries in the field of innovation and competitiveness, and the addition of a level of reflection related to the financial systems. 76 variables are mobilized. This thesis is built in 3 great parts made up each of 2 chapters : - We analyse innovation systems which include the institution beyond only field of science and of technology be characterize on the theoretical and statistics plans though the study of French, Japanese and ten other innovation systems. The problem of internationalization of innovation systems and of the national basis of these systems in a context of globalization and the methodology used in the comparative analysis. - The trajectory of French and Japanese innovation systems is then studied through a data analysis. The analyses of the first part are prolonged and we compare innovation systems at three dates to appreciate the convergence and the divergence of the countries. The internationalization of the systems is posed in the regional dimension. - Innovation systems tend finally both to converge and to maintain their specificities in particular as regards of their regional integration. One also insists on the analysis of these systems in an international "regime", the articulation of technological and financial dimensions, the taking into account of the supply international system
Lamarche, Thomas. "Réseau universel et réseaux spécifiques : fondements et métamorphose des stratégies d'offre de télécommunications." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070084.
The history of the formation and modification of telecommunications rests on a dichotomy between the universality of network infrastructure, and the emerging demand for specific services. The structuring of the telephone service as an universal network, and the questioning of its monopolistic industrial structure are followed by modification of the economic concepts chosen to describe telecommunications: the theory of natural monopoly and the theory of contestable markets are cited in turn, to justify (even ratify) the failure of the market and the changing nature of competition. The emergence of qualitative differentiation in telecommunications brings with it the questioning first of monopoly, then of universality. The multiplication of services and the spread of savoir-faire provokes a reorganisation of the productive elements which induces a transtitional strategy of cooperation. If the development of specific networks allows the use of telecommunications to competitive advantage, the consequence is a network fragmentation which reduces the efficiency in the sector. The failure of the hegemonic strategy of an integrated network with universal access leads to the reform of french telecommunications the organization of telecmmunications shows a new logic where the coordination is established amongst a plurality of players. Falling between a restricted monopoly and an assumed competition, france telecom becomes a competitive player, justifying the reduction of its public service mission. Control and regulation, no longer the exclusive province of france telecom, give a weaker framework. The number of suppliers increases (network and service suppliers) and standardisation is the subject of a cooperative and competitive game, aiming to provide qualitative differentiation without violating network compatibility
Krichen, Mariem. "Modèle technico-économique pour le déploiement d'un réseau femto avec le partage de ressources." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0011.
Nowadays, the mobile operators want to offer a correct quality of service to their clients while they are in the heart of a catastrophic scenario with data request doubling from one year to another, networks reaching their capacity limits and stable revenues due to flat rate. The solution that we propose in this thesis is the exploitation of femto accesses, set up at clients place, through sharing resources. Since many types of cells should be managed with the introduction of femto cells, self-configuration mechanisms would be vital for mobile operators. The first part of this thesis compares the performances of three algorithms for the self-confi guration of the physical cell identifier in LTE. In the second part of the thesis, we present a techno-economic model where two types of actors interact. First, the femto access providers are the mobile operator clients who own femto access at their place and accept to share part of their bandwidth with other clients. Then, the femto access requesters are the mobile operator clients who need a good quality of service outdoor. In sharing femto access problem, requesters are competing to access providers resources. This competition is modeled as a game where requesters rely on a learning mechanism to address their requests. Through simulations, we evaluate the performances of this mechanism for different network loads and scenarios where competition between requesters differs. Finally, this mechanism is implemented on a static context then on a dynamic one. We propose a solution to mobility issues based on cells categorization
Fischer-Genz, Bettina. "Le rôle économique des sanctuaires à Chypre et en Méditerranée Orientale au 2er millénaire av. J. -C. : analyse de l'apport de l'archéologie à la reconstruction de systèmes socio-économiques régionaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10042.
Morin, Jean-François. "Conception of an intelligent tutoring system in cost engineering : knowledge representation, pedagogical interactions, and system operation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38158.pdf.
Quenum, Jean-Claude P. "Interactions des systèmes éducatifs traditionnels et modernes dans la dynamique du développement socio-économique du Bénin." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010550.
Traditional and modern educations have simultaneously influenced men called to take over national responsibilities. These two types of education affect the personality. From their different cultural origins, these men trained by school and university have developed their own ethnic personality. There are some conflictual tensions initialy because of their cultural differences. Later, these differences create an heterocultural elite united by their scholastic culture. Each member of the elite profits from the other etnic cultures. But, these initial coalition has been weakned in the face of the national economic difficulties. It has degenarated into inter-ethnic conflicts which are detrimental for national economy
Diallo, Don Minelphe. "Analyse des systèmes de production maraîchers de la région des Niayes au Sénégal, et politique de mise en valeur à leur égard." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10030.
Study of the senagalese truck gardening with its physical, human and technical aspects. Analysis of the production systems in order to know better its working. Systematic approach of the rural development showing the other activities of the countryman, the difficultes and the progress. The niayes area is very insecure because there isn't any coordination in the development program for the truck gardening
Quenum, Célestin Venant Cossi. "Financement public des systèmes éducatifs et croissance économique dans les Pays en voie de développement : cas des pays de l’Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (UEMOA)." Dijon, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294653.
At the World Education Forum of Dakar in 2000, international aid institutions committed to massive financial aid to the educational systems in developing countries because these sectors’ performed poorly during the 1990s. These international aid institutions promised that no country that demonstrated a serious commitment for education, especially primary education, would lack financial resources. Participants in the forum stressed the necessity for governments to work toward the goal of primary education for all. Implementing the funding strategies that the Dakar commitment called for may have a negative impact on those developing countries. Using West African Monetary and Economic Union (WAMEU) data and international comparisons, we show the limits of these funding strategies. Contrary to our hypothesis, the analysis suggests that human capital of university level negatively affects economic growth of these countries. The types of higher education trainings available in those countries as well as issues of quantity and quality may explain those results. The evaluation of the role of human capital of university level through its effects on technological progress suggests condition for its positive effect on economic growth. This analysis stressed the idea that public funds should promote a proportional expansion of each educational level at every stage of development in those countries. This seems to be the condition to reap the fruits of educational system
Mandin, David. "Le selidarisme : la part du don dans l'économie monétaire des SEL." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30008.
The Systèmes d'Échanges Locaux are contemporary economic associations in which the members used a currency other than money. Their originality however consists not to close the exchange at the time of acquisition of a good or a service, but to create durable relation between the exchangers, the good being, used thus as pretext with the relation. Thus a share of the exchange is not entered and leaves place with the gift in this cash economy. The spirit and the organisation of these associations like the constant circulation of debts, which are consequently not only monetary. Between the members supports a solidarity which finds its direction of interdependance each person, responsible because of her engagement, them becomes essential with the correct operation of these systems which give a colouring more human to the economic exchanges
Bonnard, Quentin. "Les districts gastronomiques : des districts d'un nouveau type." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIME005/document.
The aim of this Ph.D. Dissertation is to explain the location of the French gastronomyby the mean of the "Gastronomic District" concept, which is a special typeof industrial and / or cultural cluster. After building the concept of "GastronomicDistrict", we study two main forms.We identify two types of gastronomic districts in France, by source of supply ofgastronomic inputs - and consequently the type of heritage(s) used - : "the gastronomicdistrict based on a regional and common gastronomic heritage" symbolisedby the model of Lyon, and "the gastronomic district based on an aristocratic gastronomicheritage, derived from the Court cuisine and organized by the local culturalheritage" illustrated by the Parisian model. The origin ofraw materials needed forChefs induced a different relationship with the local heritage and a different organizationwithin the district...The purpose of this work is to produce an analysis of two French gastronomicdistricts, which can then be used for the study of other districts and to identifyother types of gastronomic districts
Frouté, Philippe. "Performances économiques et systèmes juridiques : les réformes des droits des défaillances d'entreprises." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010023.
Bouchard, Chantal. "L’éducation idéale et le système-modèle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26493.
Reforms of the System of Education have been the concrete and the ultimate way to adapt and to improve regarding the actual challenges of our societies. Obviously, those adaptations do not satisfy neither all the partners, nor all the actors and users. This research examines the oppositions and the concerns that emerge from this situation, looking at the discourse of the actors to understand the systems of ideas that are driving and orienting the milieu : students, teachers, administrators and employers. According to the functionally differentiated systems, the aggregation of ideas plays a role. These symbolic structures participate in the determination of a system. Education System is facing this conjuncture and its capacity to determine itself is the main core of the thesis. How Education System manages social, economic and politic stakes ? Into complex societies like ours, what conception of Education coexists ? Is the human ideal still considered as a finality of Education?
Plagne, Isabelle. "Les systèmes d'étude marketing dans l'industrie pharmaceutique." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P072.
Ajmone, Marsan Giulia. "Nouveaux paradigmes et méthodes mathématiques pour systèmes complexes dans l'économie comportementale." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0139.
This dissertation is devoted to the mathematical investigation of properties of complex socio-economic systems, where individual behaviors, and their interactions, exert a crucial influence on the overall dynamics of the whole system. In order to understand the importance of such an investigation, it is necessary to briefly analyze some conceptual aspects relating to the interaction between applied mathematics and socio-economic sciences. The main issue in this field consists in coupling the usual qualitative interpretation of socio-economic phenomena with an innovative quantitative description by means of mathematical equations. This dialogue, however difficult, is necessary to reach a deeper understanding of socio-economic phenomena, where deterministic rules may be stochastically perturbed by individual behaviors. The difficulty mostly stems from the fact that the behavior of socio-economic systems, where the collective dynamics differ from the sum of the individual behaviors, is aparadigmatic example of a complex system. The mathematical framework presented in this dissertation is built by suitable developments of the so-called mathematical kinetic theory for active particles, which proved to be a useful reference for applications in many fields of life sciences. The description of a system by the methods of the mathematical kinetic theory essentially implies the definition of the microscopic state space of the in¬teracting entities and of the distribution function over this state space
Baier, Elisabeth Claudia. "Les entreprises multinationales dans les systèmes régionaux d'innovation : facteurs d'attraction et mécanismes d'intégration." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BAIER_Elisabeth_Claudia_2011.pdf.
Internationalisation tendencies are increasingly observable for R&D functions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) impacting innovation strategies as well as knowledge generation in MNEs. Nonetheless, MNEs are still underrepresented in many theories of regional innovative activity. The present work is devoted to explain mutual influences between MNEs and regional innovation networks during innovation processes and thus to enhance the understanding of the role of MNEs in regional innovation systems. The spatial-temporal concept of embeddedness serves as analytical framework to integrate the multi-territoriality of corporate network structures and regional network structures. An analytical framework integrates different research perspectives and allows to analyses of the integration of MNEs in regional innovation networks through the identification of attraction factors and interaction mechanisms between regional and organisational learning. Due to the complexity a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods is chosen. The attractiveness of regions for MNEs is influenced by national framework conditions and regional patterns alike, highlighting the importance of vertical policy coordination. The development of tailored policy instruments for the attraction of FDI in R&D should be suitable to accommodate regional characteristics and organisational peculiarities. Managers from MNEs and regional actors can contribute to the development of durable relationships and support the integration of R&D functions of MNEs in regional innovation systems. Although MNEs are global actors with complex multilayered organisational structures that seem to defy the logic of embeddedness, corporate R&D functions can be territorially embedded to a certain degree without hampering corporate success and regional development perspectives
Internationalisierungstendenzen sind zunehmend für wissensintensive Unternehmensaktivitäten von multinationalen Unternehmen (MNU) wie beispielsweise Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) zu beobachten und beeinflussen spürbar die innovationsstrategien von MNU sowie die generierung von unternehmensrelevantem wissen. Jedoch sind MNU als wichtige forschungsobjekte in den arbeiten zur regionalen innovationsforschung immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Diese arbeit verfolgt daher das ziel, zum besseren verständnis der rolle der MNU in regionalen innovationssystemen beizutragen. Der ansatz der embeddedness dient hierbei als analytischer rahmen der multiterritorialität, der hilft, die unternehmenseigenen sowie die regionalen netzwerkstrukturen integriert zu erfassen. Ein für diese arbeit entworfener analytischer rahmen integriert die verschiedenen forschungsperspektiven und ermöglicht es, die integration von FuE-Einheiten von MNU in regionale innovationsnetzwerke zu untersuchen. Dabei wird der interaktion zwischen regionalem und organisationalem lernen besondere aufmerksamkeit geschenkt und die integrationsmechanismen und attrahierungspotenziale analysiert. Die attraktivität von regionen für MNU wird sowohl von nationalen rahmenbedingungen als auch von regionalen bedingungen beeinflusst, was die bedeutung der vertikalen politikkoordination unterstreicht. Die entwicklung von maßgeschneiderten politikinstrumenten, um regionen für ausländische direktinvestitionen attraktiv zu machen, sollte sowohl regionale eigenheiten als auch MNU-spezifische charakteristika berücksichtigen. Was wiederum bedeutet, das manager von MNU und regionale akteure gleichermaßen zur entwicklung von beiderseitig gewinnbringenden beziehungen beitragen können und so die integration von FuE-Einheiten von MNU in regionale innovationsnetzwerke unterstützen. Obwohl MNU globale akteure mit komplexen mehrschichtigen organisationsstrukturen sind und somit der logik der embeddedness auf den ersten blick zu widersprechen scheinen, können bestimmte unternehmenseinheiten – wie beispielsweise FuE-Einheiten – zu einem gewissen grad territorial eingebettet werden, ohne den unternehmenserfolg oder regionale entwicklungsperspektiven zu behindern
Ould-Bah, Mohamed Fall. "L'argent de Dieu : contribution à une anthropologie économique des systèmes financiers musulmans." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ018L/document.
AIf we accept, with Max Weber, the power of religious "spiritual obstacles" and the deep interference of Islam in the life -individual and social as well- of Islamic societies, we can wonder about the viability, within theses societies, of financial "western" models, where interest, which is declared as usury by most jurists, plays a pre-eminent role. Conversely, is there an "Islamic financial model" able to constitute, at least for Islamic societies themselves, a credible alternative for multiple deadlocks in which conduct financial models called "conventional" as developed by "the western world?" Can this "model" be only based upon ribâ interdiction? Furthermore, in what thing interest does it constitute ribâ ? Is all interest ribâ ? These are some 6 ones among questions which always haunt all those interested in problems of (under) development in Islam land. It is somewhere at the intersection of those two sets of questions that "Islamic finance" was born. This thesis intends to study, through anthropology tools, economic mechanisms of this phenomenon expression in the context of Mauritania today
Diagne, Youssou. "Ajustement structurel, systèmes de production et filières rizicoles : cas du Delta du fleuve Sénégal." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE013.
This research program assesses the agricultural structural adjustement program (pasa) implementation impacts (micro and macroeconomic) of the Senegal river delta production systems. The adopted methodology is based on elaborating the typology of the delta's production systems. On this basis, the systems functioning has been studied from comprehensive monographs. This microeconomic analysis has been completed with a modeling program which simulated the system's functioning before and after the implementation measures which are either directly (liberalisation) or indirectly (devaluation) linked to the PASA
Rieder, Bernhard. "Métatechnologies et délégation : pour un design orienté-société dans l'ère du Web 2.0." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179980.
Civil, Blanc Edna. "Évaluation économique des systèmes agroforestiers en Haïti : étude de cas de Petite Rivière de Nippes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24636/24636.pdf.
Delvert, Karine. "Economie et déséconomies de l'information : l'information routière entre marchés incertains et services publics." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/delvert_k.
Within the context of Intelligent Transport Systems, drivers'information systems are expected to bring significant social benefits in terms of traffic management and reduction of travel uncertainty. The development of private information service providers questions the underlying economic and business models for both the production and the provision of such information. Information being public in essence, its public nature could have it associated with provision by public authorities (being providers of a service to the public). However, such a model is questioned. Emerging technologies, markets, deregulation, public-private partnerships with information service providers induce other models, in which dependency onto public authorities can take various forms. Models based on so-called value-added information services are anchored on the individual value of the information provided to the driver-decision maker within the travel context he is confronted with. This work retrospectively examines both the empirical and the theoretical frameworks that preside over the development of economic and business models for drivers'information. It stresses the double-edged nature of information, as it works both as a tool for transport network management and as a basis for individual decision making. Private as well as public benefits - namely how far it impacts the network system performance - of information services are considered
Caillet, Pierre. "Théorie de l'agence et système d'information stratégique : un essai de fusion dans le cadre de la nouvelle donne du secteur aérien : le cas des concessionnaires d'aéroports en France." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/caillet_p.
Since the 1st April 1997, the liberalisation of the European air transport market has brought about real commercial management. From now on, the CCI service providers are obliged to improve their productivity or be sanctioned by the market. This augmentation in productivity is within the logic of the rethinking of the organisation of the “Airport enterprise”. Now, Information Technology and Communication (ITC) are technologies that are particularly adapted to the process of rethinking. Consequently, it is now a matter of resolving what Solow refers to as “the paradox of the productivity of the ITCs”. Within the framework of the theory of agency, the solution lies in the resolution of the asymmetry in information of the relation management-“homo-informaticus”. The objective is to characterise the efficient diachronic evolution of the modes of co-ordination of the “airport enterprise” and then to evaluate the exact nature of the influence of ITCs on the modes of co-ordination
Prats, Elise. "Outils pour une comparaison statistique des systèmes de retraite : un essai de classification sur onze pays." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131015.
Most retirement systems are faced today with demographic ageing difficulties. The examination of foreign experiences provides many teachings about the characteristics and adaptation processes of different retirement systems. International comparisons are nevertheless delicate to carry out. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a comparison tool for retirement systems, in order to characterize and classify them according to a multi-criteria approach based on institutional and statistic observation. The comparison is focused on the diversity and coherence of eleven countries' retirement systems. The method that was used is data analysis. From this method, which enables to explore complex masses of information, a new typology of retirement schemes is brought out, and confronted with usual typologies. The analysis of different layouts drawn from the classification allows to better understand the choice of reforms launched by each country
Brenet, Pascale. "Le partenariat technologique entre groupes et PME : le cas des centres régionaux d'appui technique et d'innovation." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12014.
Fiol, Jean-Charles. "Logique floue dans un système expert de diagnostic d'entreprise." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010041.
Defl2 is an expert system designed for the medium term analysis of a company. A preliminary study has demonstrated that it is necessary to put aside the obligation to settle all propositions on the basis of true or false. The original aspect of this work consists in a particular approach of artificial reasoning in the area of company management. This involves the use of the theory of fuzzy sub-groups and the theory of the possibilities concerning the representation of knowledge and the application of gradual reasoning. The rules, which include deductive knowledge, are written to make use of linguistic analysis, and process imprecise and uncertain information. The meta-rules include procedural knowledge and ensure the piloting of the system, by controlling the comparison of fuzzy data; the optimal use of all the rules regrouped into specific modules is achieved by means of repetition
Medzegue, M'akuè Joël-Jadot. "Développement durable et marché de l’Information scientifique et technique au Gabon." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083645.
At the beginning of this century, sustainable development became one of the collective concerns. This is why the study of the couple STI/NICT from the point of view of this development proves to be from now on one of the priority challenges for developing countries. This is because, whereas economic, social and cultural development in the North was mainly carried out while taking into account STI in most of the situations, it is recognized that poverty in the South is mainly a result of lack of decision and action information which accentuates under-development. However, so that decisions can be taken on the basis of reliable information, it is necessary to not only be concerned by its quality, quantity, availability, but by adequacy to problems encountered as well while bearing in mind that need for information is real on all levels of decision or action and for all the individuals. Thus, what is the place of STI/NICT in the service of sustainable development in Gabon ? What about STI local market? These questions, which calls on others, are studied in this work, especially the relationship between STI and sustainable development, STI and sustainable education, STI and sustainable health, NICT contribution. Lastly, proposals for a dynamic local market are outlined
Cordova, Lopez Edgardo. "Contribution à une approche méthodologique du processus d'innovation : application de la théorie triz aux systèmes produit-procédé-processus." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT011G.
Schmitt, Bertrand. "Les déterminants économiques des transformations de l'espace rural : une approche centrée sur la dynamique des systèmes de production agricoles : le cas de deux petites régions du plateau Lorrain." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10019.
Furet, Isabelle. "Les systèmes de distribution contrôlés des facteurs de croissance hématopoiétique." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P116.
Morvan, Régis. "Les politiques publiques locales de protection de l'environnement : éléments d'analyse des systèmes comptables des administrations publiques locales." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10050.
Darure, Tejaswinee. "Contribution à l’optimisation de la performance énergétique des bâtiments de grande dimension : une approche intégrée diagnostic / commande économique et coopérative à horizon glissant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0142.
Since the last two decades, there has been a growing awareness about the climate change and global warming that has instigated several Directorate initiatives from various administrations. These initiatives mainly deal with controlling greenhouse gas emissions, use of non-conventional energy resources and optimization of energy consumption in the existing systems. The European Union has proposed numerous projects under FP7 framework to achieve the energy savings up to 20% by the year 2020. Especially, stated by the Energy Efficiency Directive, buildings are majorly responsible for 40% of energy resources in Europe and 36% of CO2 emission. Hence a class of projects in the FP7 framework promotes the use of smart technology in the buildings and the streamline existing rules. Energy IN TIME is one of the projects focused on developing a Smart Energy Simulation Based Control method which will reduce the energy consumption in the operational stage of existing non-residential buildings. Essentially, this thesis proposes several novel solutions to fulfill the project objectives assigned to the University of Lorraine. The developed solutions under this project should be validated on the demonstration sites from various European locations. We design a general benchmark building framework to emulate the behavior of demonstration sites. This benchmark building framework serves as a test bench for the validation of proposed solutions given in this thesis work. Based on the design of benchmark building layout, we present an economic control formulation using model predictive control minimizing the energy consumption. This optimal control has maintenance-aware control properties. Furthermore, as in buildings, fault occurrences may result in deteriorating the energy efficiency as well as the thermal comfort for the occupants inside the buildings. To address this issue, we design a fault diagnosis and fault adaptive control techniques based on the model predictive control and demonstrate the simulation results on the benchmark building. Moreover, the application of these proposed solutions may face great challenges in case of large-scale buildings. Therefore, in the final part of this thesis, we concentrate on the economic control of large-scale buildings by formulating a novel approach of distributed model predictive control. This distributed control formulation holds numerous advantages such as fault propagation mitigation, flexibility in the building maintenance and simplified plug-and-play control strategies, etc... Finally, a particular attention is paid to the estimation problem under limited measurements in large-scale buildings. The suggested advanced estimation techniques are based on the moving horizon methodologies and are demonstrated on the benchmark building systems
Lesca, Nicolas. "Construction du sens : le cas de la veille stratégique et de l'exploitation collective des signes d'alerte précoce." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21010.
Chun, Jae Seung. "Efficiency of the evolution paths for space transportation system (STS) technology : a qualitative analysis." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/CHUN_Jae_Seung_2005.pdf.
Leplaideur, Alain. "Les systèmes agricoles en zone forestière : les paysans du Centre et du Sud Cameroun." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10040.
Dahmani, Manel. "Analyse 4E (Energétique, Exergétique, Environnementale et Economique) de systèmes de valorisation énergétique de biomasses." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1165/document.
The fossil fuels depletion and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions encourage the search for new energy sources that are renewable and less polluting. Thanks to its abundance, biomass appears as an interesting sector of replacement of fossil fuels. The objective of this work is to perform a 4E analysis (Energy, Exergy, Environmental and Economic) of an electricity production system via the gasification of palm waste. Palm watse constitutes one of the most abundant vegetable wealth in Tunisia and which today, remain very little exploited. A fixed bed gasifier coupled to an internal combustion engine is considered to produce330 kW of electricity. The Cold Gas Efficiency of the process is 58.58%. The results show that the energy and exergy yields of the system are 22.6% and 19.22%, respectively. The environmental performance of the system is evaluated using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The economic evaluation is carried out in order to evaluate the cost of electricity production by the gasification plant. The results give a cost of 3.88 ct€ for 1kWh
Bouguen, Adrien. "Schools, Teachers, and Parents : Three Essays on the Economies of Education Supply." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0178.
Like many other ' 'service industry", the education sector does not naturally experience large productivity gains. This is partly due to the specifics of the education sector where its quality inherently depends on the amount of labor expended its production. It may also reflect the difficulty faced by policy-makers to design, validate and implement innovative policies that may increase the education system performance. This PhD dissertation Intent to bring a valuable contribution to the effort to bring evidence on education policies and possibly convince policy-makers to introduced the most valuable ones. The dissertation is composed of three articles that use rigorous empirical methodology and covers three aspects central to the literature on education supply in developed and developing countries: Schools, Teacher and Parents. A school construction program implemented in Cambodia is analyzed in the first chapter, a teacher training program for improving reading skills in French preschool will be addressed In the secom on and finally a parenting intervention will be the subject of the third chapter. Although each chapter present independent contributions, several common patterns can be identified. Implementation Issues, low take-up, improper targeting are among the main difficulties faced by education policies everywhere in the world. My result also confirms that policies that solely consist In increasing available resources without triggering behavioral change are deemed to fail. Efficiency gains are possible in education but improvement is not straightforward and demands carefully designed and implemented policies based on solid scientific evidence
Bardet-Blanvillain, Aurélie. "L'échange." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020043.
Dahmani, Manel. "Analyse 4E (Energétique, Exergétique, Environnementale et Economique) de systèmes de valorisation énergétique de biomasses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1165.
The fossil fuels depletion and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions encourage the search for new energy sources that are renewable and less polluting. Thanks to its abundance, biomass appears as an interesting sector of replacement of fossil fuels. The objective of this work is to perform a 4E analysis (Energy, Exergy, Environmental and Economic) of an electricity production system via the gasification of palm waste. Palm watse constitutes one of the most abundant vegetable wealth in Tunisia and which today, remain very little exploited. A fixed bed gasifier coupled to an internal combustion engine is considered to produce330 kW of electricity. The Cold Gas Efficiency of the process is 58.58%. The results show that the energy and exergy yields of the system are 22.6% and 19.22%, respectively. The environmental performance of the system is evaluated using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The economic evaluation is carried out in order to evaluate the cost of electricity production by the gasification plant. The results give a cost of 3.88 ct€ for 1kWh
Agapitova, Natalia. "Le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans la dynamique des systèmes d'innovation : les enseignements de la transition russe." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4001.