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1
Musiani, Francesca. "Infrastrutture digitali, governance e trasformazioni del lavoro." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 163 (August 2022): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2022-163004.
Анотація:
Nel corso dell'ultimo decennio, gli studi sociali della scienza e della tecnologia (science and technology studies o STS), in particolar modo gli infrastructure studies, hanno contribuito ad aprire nuovi orizzonti di ricerca relativi allo studio della governance delle tecnologie che strutturano le nostre società digitalizzate. Questi contributi suggeriscono che il potere e del controllo negli ambienti digitali si esercitano in modi spesso informali e poco codificati, nonché discreti o addirittura invisibili per numerosi attori sociali. Questo articolo si propone di fornire un panorama dei modi in cui gli infrastructure studies si stanno avvicinando alle tematiche delle trasformazioni del lavoro nell'era digitale e più specificamente alle ricerche sul digital labor. Dopo una parte introduttiva consacrata alla presentazione degli infrastructure studies come mezzo di analisi delle infrastrutture digitali come strumenti di governance, l'articolo discute tre campi di analisi in cui tali prospettive vengono ad incrociare gli studi interdisciplinari del lavoro digitale: la comprensione del digital labor come "infrastruttura umana", l'analisi dei fenomeni di "governance algoritmica" nelle trasformazioni del lavoro, e l'esame della "platform governance" in relazione al lavoro digitale. L'articolo conclude con qualche riflessione sulle evoluzioni attuali di Internet come "meta-infrastruttura" della maggior parte delle altre infrastrutture critiche, e sul legame tra questo fenomeno e trasformazioni del lavoro.
2
Italia, Paola. "Il romanzo digitale:." Textual Cultures 12, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/textual.v12i2.27688.
Анотація:
L’articolo propone una riflessione sullo stato dell’arte del romanzo italiano nel mondo digi- tale svolta attraverso l’analisi dei testi in prosa della modernità presenti nel portale Biblio- teca Italiana e affronta i casi di studio di Manzoni, Pirandello e Tozzi, per analizzare tre progetti complementari e diversi di edizione cartacea e digitale, e di interazione tra ricerca accademica, istituzioni bibliotecarie ed editoria. I casi mostrano come il romanzo, per la sua polifonia, le sue dinamiche genetiche, la sua contaminazione con le arti visive e drammati- che, richieda una infrastruttura digitale che metta in relazione tutti questi aspetti tra loro, anche in chiave didattica, costituendo un banco di prova della necessaria trasformazione dell’edizione critica digitale in un sito di ricerca e conoscenza dei testi e dei loro autori.
This article proposes a reflection on the state of the art of the Italian novel in the digital world carried out through the analysis of modern prose texts in the website BibliotecaItaliana.it, examining the case studies of Manzoni, Pirandello, and Tozzi, and in particular three com- plementary projects and several digital editions as well as interactions among academic rese- arch, institutions, librarians, and publishers. The case studies show how the novel — thanks especially to its polyphony, its genetic dynamics and contamination with the visual and dra- matic arts — requires an infrastructure that also links all these aspects from an educational point of view. The novel may be considered as a testing ground for the necessary transforma- tion of the digital critical edition into a “knowledge site” of texts and their authors.
3
Schneider, Matthias, Veronika Meier, Thomas Stehle, and Christian Möhring. "SmartLab vernetzt Produktionsmaschinen/The establishment of a digital process chain in an existing production environment." wt Werkstattstechnik online 113, no. 01-02 (2023): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2023-01-02-40.
Анотація:
Am Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen der Universität Stuttgart wurde die digitale Vernetzung eines heterogenen Maschinenparks mit Bestands- und Neumaschinen verschiedener Hersteller im Versuchsfeld der Holz- und Verbundwerkstoffbearbeitung umgesetzt. Selten lassen sich digitale Prozessketten bei einem KMU auf der „grünen Wiese“ implementieren, da die dafür notwendige Infrastruktur meist nicht vorhanden ist. Aus diesem Grund wurde der „Brownfield-Ansatz“ mit dem Ziel verfolgt, Studierenden und Unternehmen der Branche die Möglichkeit zu geben, „Connectivity“-Technologien an Bestands- und Neuanlagen zu erforschen. The IfW of the University of Stuttgart has implemented the digital networking of a heterogeneous machine park with existing and new machines from different manufacturers in the test field for wood and composite material processing. With necessary infrastructure not being available, implementing a digital process chain at an SME on a „greenfield“ is rarely possible. Therefore, the “brownfield” approach has been pursued to enable students and industrial companies to research „connectivity“ technologies in existing machines and plants.
4
Madsen, Anders Koed. "Dataficerede offentligheder – overvejelser over digitale metoder i lyset af den tidlige amerikanske pragmatisme." Dansk Sociologi 29, no. 1 (April 5, 2018): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v29i1.5742.
Анотація:
Med afsæt i henholdsvist den amerikanske offentlighedssociologi fra den første halvdel af det 20. Århundrede – samt den vigtigste litteratur indenfor digitale metoder – vil denne artikel fremføre to argumenter. Det første argument er, at offentligheder ikke kan begrebsliggøres isoleret fra de materielle omstændigheder, der giver dem synlighed for sig selv og andre. Det andet argument er, at infrastrukturen omkring digitale spor og digitale metoder åbner for muligheden af at synliggøre – og dermed også begrebsliggøre – den offentlige debat ud fra et mere relationelt of processuelt perspektiv end f.eks. spørgeskemaundersøgelsen. Med afsæt i disse to argumenter introducerer artiklen fire principper, der kan være med til at guide anvendelsen af digitale metoder til at forstå offentlighedsdannelser i en digitalt medieret tid. De fire principper er a) at følge sagsdrevne offentligheder, b) se distinktioner nede fra de symboler, der udveksles af disse offentligheder, c) tage borgeres netværkspositioner med i vurderingen af deres meningers effekt og d) at være opmærksom på temaers intensitet og omskiftelighed over tid. Den praktiske konsekvenser af at følge disse principper vises gennem empiriske erfaringer fra et nyligt overstået datasprint med Teknologirådet.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Anders Koed Madsen:
DataPublics – reflections on digital methods in the light of early American pragmatism
This article introduces two arguments concerning discussions of digital methods. They are based on US public sociology from the first half of the 20th century and the most important literature within the field of digital methods. The first argument is that publics cannot be understood in isolation from the material conditions that give them visibility both for themselves (intra-public visibility) and for others. The second argument posits that the infrastructure of digital traces and digital methods affords visualizing and conceptualizing public debate from a relational and procedural perspective rather than from employing a questionnaire survey. The article introduces four principles that can help guide the use of digital methods to understand publics in a digitally mediated era. They are: a) follow issue publics, b) use the analytical distinctions from the symbols exchanged by these publics, c) take into account the network positions of citizens when assessing the impact of their opinion, and d) be aware of the intensity and interchangeability of themes over time. The practical consequences following these principles are shown through empirical experiences from a recently held data sprint with the Danish Board of Technology.
Keywords: Digital methods, pragmatism, Chicago-school, publics, surveys, Lazarsfeldt.
5
Apprich, Clemens. "Teilen und Herrschen: Die „digitale Stadt“ als Vorläuferin heutiger Medienpraxen." International Review of Information Ethics 15 (September 1, 2011): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie222.
Анотація:
The beginning of the 1990s saw the rise of critical interest in examining the promises and risks posed by newly built network technologies in Europe. A key role within these discussions was played by the newly founded “Digital Cities”, whose stated goal was to provide the necessary infrastructure for self-governed communities. Not only was the shared use of technological infrastructure crucial to the invention of new forms of organization, interaction and participation, but also the active sharing of common goals and interests. For this reason the idea of the digital city with its virtual communities helped to implement new technologies by providing the necessary metaphors in order to translate technological developments into social practices. Hence, many of the technologies that make up Web 2.0 emerged in the 1990s, and with them also emerged the idea of social media, user-generated content or participatory platforms. By retracing the threads of current practices of sharing back into the early days of network building, the aim of this article is to critically examine new forms of network-based subjectivation which produce specific concepts of subjectivity within the digital environment.
6
Schulz-Tomančok, Andreas, Eva Tamara Asboth, Gabriele Melischek, and Josef Seethaler. "How to make an Austrian News Media Infrastructure?" MedienJournal 47, no. 3 (December 12, 2023): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/medienjournal.v47i3.2625.
Анотація:
Forschungsinfrastrukturen sind unerlässlich für die digitale Zukunft der Forschung. Der beobachtbare Mangel an Transparenz und Verfügbarkeit von u.a. Medienstrukturdaten in der Kommunikationswissenschaft aber auch der Zivilgesellschaft macht es notwendig, entsprechende Daten zur medienpolitischen Öffentlichkeit konzentriert und systematisiert verfügbar zu machen. Der folgende Beitrag stellt die konzeptionellen und praktischen Herausforderungen der Entwicklung einer österreichischen Nachrichtenmedien-Infrastruktur (ANMI) vor, die sowohl einen Fokus auf vergleichende Darstellungsmöglichkeiten der Mediensektoren als auch über verschiedene Zeitabschnitte bis in das Jahr 1848 zurücksetzen. Neben der Vorstellung der Funktionen von Forschungsinfrastrukturen und der derzeit im Aufbau befindlichen ANMI soll von der Ideengeschichte der Plattform über rechtliche und medienpolitische Herausforderungen berichtet werden und wie das Forscher:innen-Team mit diesen umgeht. Diese Reflexion soll einen Beitrag im relativ jungen Feld der deutschsprachigen Forschungsinfrastrukturdiskussion für die Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften stellen und damit am proklamierten „Kulturwandel“ der AG Forschungsinfrastruktur der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (DGPuK) partizipieren.
7
Bargheer, Margo, and Andrea C. Bertino. "HIRMEOS." Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis 42, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 476–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bfp-2018-0056.
Анотація:
ZusammenfassungDie Sonderstellung der Monografie im Spektrum des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens stellt den Aufbau von Open-Access-Publikationsmodellen in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften (im englischen HSS) vor besondere Herausforderungen. Der Artikel stellt dar, wie das EU-Projekt HIRMEOS (High Integration of Research Monographs in the European Open Science Infrastructure) diese Herausforderungen anpackt. Vorgestellt werden Ziele, Partner, Arbeitspakete und Arbeitsmethoden des Projekts sowie die wichtigsten technischen Spezifikationen der implementierten Dienste und Werkzeuge für digitale Monografien.
8
Liogier, Raphaël. "Identités globales et religion à l’ère digitale : vers les Global Identity Studies." Social Compass 67, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 553–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768620953508.
Анотація:
Identity is inseparable from the religious conceived as an irreducible human imaginary infrastructure. The global deployment of digital living spaces connected via the internet, because it transforms identity, also transforms the form (orthopraxy) and the substance of the religious (orthodoxy). This digitalization of sociality is manifested by the existence of a new layer of identity stemming from deterritorialised spaces of desire (socio-digital networks) which, by interacting with other territorialised layers (national, regional, etc.), give rise to Global Identities. Religious identities in the digital age are caught up in this process. This is evidenced by the digital development of new spiritualities, or the socialization trough socio-digital networks of the new Islamic terrorists, the jihadists 2.0. Relying mainly on my work on identity mutations in globalization, religious in particular, this article aims to defend the productivity of the concept of Global Identities and the scientific approach of Global Identity Studies.
9
Kärcher, S., D. Görzig, and P. Foith-Förster. "Das Applikationszentrum Industrie 4.0*/Application Center Industrie 4.0 – Approach, planning and success factors." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 03 (2019): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-03-4.
Анотація:
Industrie 4.0 stellt hohe Anforderungen an das Know-how und die Infrastruktur von Unternehmen. Applikationszentren können den erfolgreichen Einstieg in die digitale Transformation der Unternehmungen entscheidend unterstützen. Der Beitrag zeigt die geschäftsmodellbasierte Planung von Industrie-4.0-Applikationszentren auf und nennt Erfolgsfaktoren. Die Inhalte des Beitrags basieren auf den Erfahrungen aus dem Applikationszentrum Industrie 4.0 des Fraunhofer IPA in Kooperation mit dem IFF der Universität Stuttgart. Vier weitere Beiträge in dieser Ausgabe der wt online vertiefen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnisse des Applikationszentrums Industrie 4.0. Industrie 4.0 challenges both the know-how as well as the infrastructure of industrial enterprises. Application centers can decisively support the digital transformation of companies. This paper describes a business model-based approach to plan such application centers and derives critical factors for success. Content and findings of the paper are based on the experiences gained during the planning and operation of the Application Center Industrie 4.0 at Fraunhofer IPA and IFF of the University of Stuttgart.
10
Frey, Silke, and Linda Kerkemeyer. "Acceptance of digital health applications in non-pharmacological therapies in German statutory healthcare system: Results of an online survey." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762211311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221131142.
Анотація:
Objective On the way to a modern digital healthcare system, Germany becomes a driver of innovation by integrating digital health applications (Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs)) into standard care. Although all insured persons of the statutory health insurance are eligible for a registered DiGA, utilisation has been rather restrained so far. There seems to be a lack of acceptance among healthcare providers. The aim of this study is to analyse the acceptance of DiGAs in non-pharmacological therapies. Methods A total of 150 therapists from the fields of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology participated in an online survey. The questionnaire captured knowledge, intention to use, opinions on advantages and disadvantages of DiGA usage as well as general technology acceptance and commitment. Results About 36% of the therapists knew DiGAs, while about 64% had not yet heard of these offers. In addition, 87% of the respondents can imagine integrating DiGAs into their treatment or were already doing so at the time of the survey. Potentials for using DiGAs are seen especially in the quality improvement of therapy, in the increase of the sustainability of the therapy and in promotion of patients’ health literacy. The therapists stated barriers in the lack of technical infrastructure and in the patients’ insufficient digital health literacy. Conclusion The results indicate the potential for DiGAs to be further implemented in non-pharmacological therapies. The facilitators and barriers identified allow recommendations to be derived for relevant stakeholders.
11
Pierson, Jo. "Digital platforms as entangled infrastructures: Addressing public values and trust in messaging apps." European Journal of Communication 36, no. 4 (August 2021): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02673231211028374.
Анотація:
Digital platforms have increasingly become accepted and trusted by European citizens as indispensable utilities for social interaction and communication in everyday life. This article aims to analyze how trust in and dependence of these ubiquitous platforms for mediated communication is configured and the kind of consequences this has for user (dis)empowerment and public values. Our analysis builds on insights from the domestication perspective and infrastructure studies. In order to illustrate our conceptual approach, we use the case of messaging apps. We demonstrate how these apps as an essential social infrastructure are entangled with a corporate-computational infrastructure. The entangling of both types of infrastructures leads to a paradox where users feel compelled to appropriate these socially indispensable apps in everyday life, while also making them dependent on their corporate control mechanisms. In order to get out of the paradox and empower users these infrastructures and their data sharing need to be disentangled. For this, we apply the notion of ‘infrastructural inversion’ as a way to surface opaque and hidden properties of the digital platforms. We conclude with a discussion of potential other routes for infrastructural inversion in order to establish data disentanglement that serves public interest values.
12
Plantin, Jean-Christophe, and Aswin Punathambekar. "Digital media infrastructures: pipes, platforms, and politics." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718818376.
Анотація:
Over the past decade, a growing body of scholarship in media studies and other cognate disciplines has focused our attention on the social, material, cultural, and political dimensions of the infrastructures that undergird and sustain media and communication networks and cultures across the world. This infrastructural turn assumes greater significance in relation to digital media and in particular, the influence that digital platforms have come to wield. Having ‘disrupted’ many sectors of social, political, and economic life, many of the most widely used digital platforms now seem to operate as infrastructures themselves. This special issue explores how an infrastructural perspective reframes the study of digital platforms and allows us to pose questions of scale, labor, industry logics, policy and regulation, state power, cultural practices, and citizenship in relation to the routine, everyday uses of digital platforms. In this opening article, we offer a critical overview of media infrastructure studies and situate the study of digital infrastructures and platforms within broader scholarly and public debates on the history and political economy of media infrastructures. We also draw on the study of media industries and production cultures to make the case for an inter-medial and inter-sectoral approach to understanding the entanglements of digital platforms and infrastructures.
13
Pasquetto, Irene V., Alberto F. Olivieri, Luca Tacchetti, Gianni Riotta, and Alessandra Spada. "Disinformation as Infrastructure: Making and Maintaining the QAnon Conspiracy on Italian Digital Media." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW1 (March 30, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512931.
Анотація:
Building from sociotechnical studies of disinformation and of information infrastructures, we examine how - over a period of eleven months - Italian QAnon supporters designed and maintained a distributed, multi-layered "infrastructure of disinformation" that spans multiple social media platforms, messaging apps, online forums, alternative media channels, as well as websites, databases, and content aggregators. Examining disinformation from an infrastructural lens reveals how QAnon disinformation operations extend well-beyond the use of social media and the construction of false narratives. While QAnon conspiracy theories continue to evolve and adapt, the overarching (dis)information infrastructure through which "epistemic evidence" is constructed and constantly updated is rather stable and has increased in size and complexity over time. Most importantly, we also found that deplatforming is a time-sensitive effort. The longer platforms wait to intervene, the harder it is to eradicate infrastructures as they develop new layers, get distributed across the Internet, and can rely on a critical mass of loyal followers. More research is needed to examine whether the key characteristics of the disinformation infrastructure that we identified extend to other disinformation infrastructures, which might include infrastructures put together by climate change denialists, vaccine skeptics, or voter fraud advocates.
14
Velkova, Julia, and Jean-Christophe Plantin. "Data centers and the infrastructural temporalities of digital media: An introduction." New Media & Society 25, no. 2 (February 2023): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614448221149945.
Анотація:
While data centres are predominantly studied via their spatial and territorial dimensions, we investigate this critical part of the contemporary Internet infrastructures via its temporalities and their multiple mediations. With this introduction and the articles of this special issue, we collectively complement existing scholarship on critical data studies and media infrastructure by investigating the role that data infrastructure plays in shaping the temporalities of data. Focusing on data centres, the contributors analyze the vast infrastructural assemblage that supports such temporalities. The concept of timescapes (after Barbara Adam) guides us to organize the contributions to this special issue along the analysis of three infrastructural timescapes of data—socio-economic, elemental, and transitory—to reveal new facets of the politics of time in the data economy.
15
Willems, Thijs, and Connor Graham. "The Imagination of Singapore’s Smart Nation as Digital Infrastructure: Rendering (Digital) Work Invisible." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 13, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 511–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8005194.
Анотація:
Abstract This article aims to understand contemporary forms of “digital work” and how this is imagined in visionary documents in the context of smart urbanism. Specifically, we argue for an infrastructural perspective on smart urbanism to highlight (1) how such visionary documents organize society in specific ways and (2) how this organization is rooted in work that is imagined as being mainly informational and disembodied. Through an analysis of Singapore’s recent Smart Nation initiative, we make a case for the inclusion of the actual human and embodied work that constitutes visions of smart urbanism. This work comprises both the physical construction and maintenance of digital infrastructure and the monitoring of these infrastructures and the interpretation of data on which they run. Finally, we show how an infrastructural inversion of smart urban initiatives is capable of highlighting these invisibilities of human work, specifically by drawing on the mundanity, temporality, and materiality of work that is considered digital.
16
Daniel, Jacquiline, and Faraja Ndumbaro. "A Descriptive Study of Infrastructure Capabilities for Digital Records Preservation among Selected Public Institutions in Tanzania." University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal 16, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/udslj.v16i2.10.
Анотація:
In this paper, results of a descriptive study on institutional infrastructure capabilities for preserving digital records are presented. The study was carried out at Records and Archives Management Department (RAMD) and Registration, Insolvency and Trusteeship Agency (RITA). Informing the study, two research questions were in consideration: How capable are RAMD and RITA in terms of infrastructure capabilities for preserving digital records? What infrastructural challenges RAMD and RITA contend in preserving digital records? A multiple case studies and mixed research approaches were used. The study population comprised of 290 staff members, 75 from RAMD and 215 from RITA. A sample of 74 middle and lower level officers and 13 senior staff were purposively and randomly selected respectively. Data were collected through key informant’s face to face interview and questionnaire. Results indicate that RAMD and RITA have relatively advanced infrastructure capabilities. Notably, shortage of fund, inadequate hardware, insufficient IT support, inadequate management commitment towards enhancement of infrastructure capabilities are among the digital records preservation challenges faced by RAMD and RITA. Based on the results, would seem to suggest that RAMD and RITA are at transitional capabilities because the available infrastructures are advance but inadequate to effectively support digital records preservation initiatives.
17
Montoya, Robert D. "A Classification of Digital Emergence: A Critical Approach to the Production of Digital Objects in Special Collections." Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship 1 (January 28, 2016): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v1.24305.
Анотація:
This paper examines the infrastructure of digital libraries and teases out the subtle ways their formation and construction is a digital extension and representation of the social, political, and institutional circumstances by which they are created. Building off lessons learned from UCLA Library Special Collections as a case study site, this paper proposes a classification of digital emergence that provides more transparency about how digital surrogates come to exist in digital libraries and how we can use this information to better contextualize the importance of these surrogates within academic library services. The discussion then situates digital libraries as medial interfacing infrastructures that are fundamentally non-neutral social apparatuses that disappear in the course of daily use. Marcuse’s notion of technological rationality is incorporated to illustrate the extent to which technological infrastructures influence and reformulate the way we understand the research process using special collections and archives, and how these infrastructures can function as a mechanism for information control. Finally, Bowker and Star’s text, Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences, briefly illustrates how librarians can contextualize the emergence of digital objects, and how this context, and the concomitant technological biases, can be methodologically brought to light using infrastructural inversion.
18
Timothy, Kwaku. "Securing Critical National Infrastructure Against Hacktivist." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/digital/v10n4p5.
Анотація:
The acts of hacktivists in today's modern world might have extremely negative repercussions for the order and peace of countries. Hacktivists, by the very nature of their methodology, invariably target important government installations. This research focuses mostly on investigating the myriad of approaches that may be taken to cyber-secure important national infrastructure against the maneuvers that can be carried out by hacktivists. Inferences are drawn in this study from hacktivism episodes that occurred in the past and were documented by a variety of sources, some of which may be verified. A four-point cyber security plan for important national infrastructure has been developed as a way to provide direction for the execution of cybersecurity measures by key state facilities. This scheme was inspired by the ideas presented previously. Keywords: Critical National Infrastructure, Security, Hacktivists, Cyberspace, Hacking, Cybercrime
19
Eriksson, Owen, and Sten-Erik Öhlund. "Digital Institutionalization: The Case of E-Prescribing." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 25, no. 3 (2024): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00845.
Анотація:
Digital institutionalization processes are fundamentally changing society. They occur when rules and norms are encoded into a digital infrastructure and change practices. For institutionalization to occur, numerous actors must alter their behavior similarly, which accompanies a shift in infrastructural technology. Digital infrastructures and their design play a crucial role in institutionalization processes, as they enable and restrict social interaction in the exchange of digital institutional entities across contexts. Such entities are constitutive of digital institutional systems—medical prescriptions, money, insurance, and taxes are all institutional entities that have been digitalized. Although several studies have described the challenges of digital infrastructure design, there has been little consideration of the institutional context that legitimizes the design. To fill this research gap, we applied the critical perspective of designers, who intentionally perform and are responsible for the design and legitimacy of digital institutional systems. To address the challenge of institutional design, we developed an exchange contract within an institutional context featuring a change in digital infrastructure and practices. Through this, we illuminate several design principles for digital institutionalization. This contribution captures critical design decisions and the knowledge acquired through insights gained from the design of a highly impactful scalable digital infrastructure, which ultimately transformed an institutional system. We also provide theoretical reflections informed by speech act theory and institutional theory and thereby emphasize the need to rethink institutionalization processes in an era of digitalization.
20
Helles, Rasmus, and Mikkel Flyverbom. "Meshes of Surveillance, Prediction, and Infrastructure: On the Cultural and Commercial Consequences of Digital Platforms." Surveillance & Society 17, no. 1/2 (March 31, 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.13120.
Анотація:
Digital platforms like Spotify, Netflix, and YouTube rely on mass data collection, algorithmic forms of prediction, and the development of closed digital systems. Seemingly technical and trivial, such operational and infrastructural features have both commercial and cultural consequences in need of attention. As with any other kinds of infrastructure, the surveillance practices and digital ecosystems that are now installed and solidified will have long-term effects and will be difficult to challenge. We suggest that the cultural and commercial ramifications of such datafied infrastructural developments can be unpacked by analyzing digital platforms—in this case Netflix—as surveillance-based, predictive infrastructures. Digital platforms fortify their market positions by transitioning surveillance-based assets of audience metrics into infrastructural and informational assets that set conditions for other actors and approaches at work in the domain of cultural production. We identify the central forces at play in these developments: digital platforms critically depend on proprietary surveillance data from large user bases and engage in data-structuring practices (Flyverbom and Murray 2018) that allow for predictive analytics to be a core component of their operations. Also, digital platforms engage in infrastructural development, such as Netflix’s decentralized system of video storage and content delivery, Open Connect. These meshes of user surveillance, predictive analytics, and infrastructural developments have ramifications beyond individual platforms and shape cultural production in extensive and increasingly problematic ways.
21
Holt, Jennifer, and Michael Palm. "More than a number: The telephone and the history of digital identification." European Journal of Cultural Studies 24, no. 4 (March 7, 2021): 916–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549421994571.
Анотація:
This article examines the telephone’s entangled history within contemporary infrastructural systems of ‘big data’, identity and, ultimately, surveillance. It explores the use of telephone numbers, keypads and wires to offer new perspective on the imbrication of telephonic information, interface and infrastructure within contemporary surveillance regimes. The article explores telephone exchanges as arbiters of cultural identities, keypads as the foundation of digital transactions and wireline networks as enacting the transformation of citizens and consumers into digital subjects ripe for commodification and surveillance. Ultimately, this article argues that telephone history – specifically the histories of telephone numbers and keypads as well as infrastructure and policy in the United States – continues to inform contemporary practices of social and economic exchange as they relate to consumer identity, as well as to current discourses about surveillance and privacy in a digital age. This article is based on a paper presented at the Media in Transition symposium (Utrecht, June 28, 2018), in the Industries and Infrastructures panel organised by Judith Keilbach. Also published in this issue of ECS are Amanda D. Lotz, ‘Unpopularity and cultural power in the age of Netflix: new questions for cultural studies’ approaches to television texts’ and Vicki Mayer, ‘From peat to Google power: communications infrastructures and structures of feeling in Groningen.’
22
Anderson, Sheila, and Tobias Blanke. "Infrastructure as intermeditation – from archives to research infrastructures." Journal of Documentation 71, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 1183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-07-2014-0095.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the steps taken to produce new kinds of integrated documentation on the Holocaust in the European Holocaust Research Infrastructure project. The authors present the user investigation methodology as well as the novel data design to support this complex field. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on the scholarly primitives framework. From here, it proceeds with two empirical studies of Holocaust archival research and the implementation steps taken. The paper employs key insights from large technology studies in how to organise such work. In particular, it uses the concepts of social-technical assemblages and intermediation. Findings – The paper offers a number of findings. First from the empirical studies, it presents how Holocaust researchers and archivist perceive the way they currently do research in archives. It then presents how the intermediation and digital transformation of such research can be enabled without violating its foundations. The second major insight is the technical research into how to use graph databases to integrate heterogeneous research collections and the analysis opportunities behind. Originality/value – The paper is based on existing work by the authors but takes this work forward into the world of real-life existing historical research on archives. It demonstrates how the theoretical foundations of primitives are fit for purpose. The paper presents a completely new approach on how to (re)organise archives as research infrastructures and offers a flexible way of implementing this. Next to these major insights, a range of new solutions are presented how to arrange the socio-technical assemblages of research infrastructures.
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Gorian, Ella. "Determining Security Factors for Digital Infrastructure in the Financial and Banking Sector: Singapore's Approach." Вопросы безопасности, no. 4 (April 2022): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.4.39060.
Анотація:
The object of the study is the relations in the field of ensuring the security of digital infrastructures in the financial and banking sector. The subject of the study is represented by regulatory legal acts and sources of "soft law" of Singapore, which establish requirements for information systems, personal and confidential data. The features of the Singapore approach to the regulation of relations in this area are determined. The requirements of the Monetary Authority of Singapore for the security of digital infrastructures in both the public and private sectors are considered. The features of ensuring the security of key components of digital infrastructures are characterized: digital identity; authorization and consent; functional compatibility of payment systems and data exchange. The role of the financial regulator in ensuring the security of digital infrastructures is investigated. Singapore has identified a holistic approach to the development of regulatory policy as the main security factors of the digital infrastructure of the financial and banking sector, as well as the determining role of the financial regulator in the creation of digital infrastructure. The technical side is just one of the elements of the digital infrastructure: it is necessary to balance regulatory, technical and business standards. The key components of the digital infrastructure allocated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore determine the level of security of the production processes of financial institutions. Attention should be focused on building the trust of the end user. The protection of the digital infrastructure of financial institutions from threats increases the degree of confidence in these institutions on the part of investors. Therefore, Singapore's financial institutions have a high investment attractiveness.
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Brucherseifer, Eva, Hanno Winter, Andrea Mentges, Max Mühlhäuser, and Martin Hellmann. "Digital Twin conceptual framework for improving critical infrastructure resilience." at - Automatisierungstechnik 69, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 1062–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2021-0104.
Анотація:
Abstract Critical infrastructures are the backbone of our societies with increasingly complex and networked characteristics and high availability demands. This makes them vulnerable to a wide range of threats that can lead to major incidents. Resilience is a concept that describes a system’s ability to absorb and respond to disturbances, as well as to learn from the past and anticipate new threats. In this article, we apply the Digital Twin concept to the infrastructure domain to improve the system’s resilience capabilities. We conduct a comprehensive requirements analysis related to infrastructure characteristics, crisis management and resilience measures. As a result, we propose a Digital Twin Conceptual Framework for critical infrastructures. We conclude that the Digital Twin paradigm is well suited to enhance critical infrastructure resilience.
25
Edmond, Jennifer. "CENDARI's Grand Challenges: Building, Contextualising and Sustaining a New Knowledge Infrastructure." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 7, no. 1-2 (October 2013): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2013.0081.
Анотація:
In its widest sense, infrastructure allows us as finite individuals to achieve beyond our individual capacity to know, to do, to see. But even within the narrower context of research infrastructures, broad and diverse definitions exist of how such an infrastructure should deliver these enhancements in knowledge and perspective. The Collaborative EuropeaN Digital Archival Research Infrastructure (CENDARI) project was launched in 2012 to address some of the gaps in provision for digital historical research, building on a long tradition of work in libraries, archives, digital humanities research centres and other research infrastructures. What distinguishes CENDARI, however, is its focus on what the project team has identified as the ‘grand challenges’ for each of its contributing stakeholder groups: collections experts based in libraries and archives, historians of the medieval and modern periods, and e-Scientists. This ethos, combined with its close relationship at European level to DARIAH, the Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities, has instigated a unique and fruitful approach to supporting historical research with digital resources, tools and spaces.
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Kodirov, Firuz A. "INFRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN IN MODERN CONDITIONS." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 1(54) (March 31, 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2022-1-54-22-28.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the study of topical issues of infrastructure support for increasing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. The role and importance of modern infrastructure in achieving competitive advantages, as well as increasing competitiveness in modern economic conditions, is proved. Particular attention is paid to the study of the role of innovative and digital infrastructures, as well as the features of the formation of the internal infrastructure of an industrial enterprise as the basis for ensuring its competitiveness. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to focus on the creation of innovative and digital infrastructures at modern industrial enterprises of the Republic of Tajikistan.
27
Bertolini, Luca, Fabrizio D’Amico, Antonio Napolitano, Luca Bianchini Ciampoli, Valerio Gagliardi, and Jhon Romer Diezmos Manalo. "A BIM-Based Approach for Pavement Monitoring Integrating Data from Non-Destructive Testing Methods (NDTs)." Infrastructures 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8050081.
Анотація:
Monitoring of critical civil engineering infrastructures has become a priority for public owners and administrative authorities. Several laws and regulations have been issued on this topic, emphasizing the crucial role of Building Information Modeling (BIM)- based procedures for the design and management of civil infrastructures. This study aims at examining the potential of an interoperable and upgradeable BIM model supplemented by ground-based non-destructive survey data, such as Mobile Laser Scanner (MLS) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), for the analysis of the potential distresses identified in a transport infrastructure’s pavement. The main goal of the work is to implement an infrastructure management process that aims to reduce the limits associated with the separate observation of these assessments and to provide a more efficient way to store data regarding the status of a linear transport infrastructure, to the advantage of an integrated analysis. As on-site surveys are carried out, preliminary analyses on the condition of the inspected infrastructure are performed by relying on the information provided by Non-Destructive Testing (NDTs) inspections. Subsequently, a digital informative model capable of storing the data obtained by the surveys is generated, integrating both the MLS and GPR information to accurately represent the status of the infrastructure’s pavement in a three-dimensional environment. Data obtained from these instruments were used as the input for the digitalization process, making use of parametric digital elements capable of adapting their configuration to the information provided by the NDT surveys. As more analysis on the surveys’ results is carried out, potential distresses in the deep layers of the pavement are identified, and the information related to these elements is then integrated into the BIM model previously created. The process hereby described allows for an analysis of the three-dimensional configuration of the pavement, along with potential distresses and their location into the road’s superstructure. This digitalization process has shown promising viability for data management aimed at supporting asset managers in various management phases.
28
Bell, Daniel. "The Internet and the Trajectories of Technologies." Tocqueville Review 19, no. 2 (January 1998): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.19.2.111.
Анотація:
A new communications infrastructure has arisen throughout the world. The older infrastructure, sparked by the industrial revolution, was transportation - ports, railroads, highways, trucks, which made commerce and the exchange of materials and goods possible. And the new infrastructures of post-industrial society are Cable, Broadband, Digital TV, Optical Fibre, Fax, E-Mail, ISDN (Integrated System Digital Networks, combining data, text, voice, sound and image through single channels).
29
Grondin, David. "Biometric Algorithms as Border Infrastructures." Public 30, no. 60 (March 1, 2020): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public_00006_7.
Анотація:
Looking at the work performed by infrastructures when they become part and parcel of the security governance, in this paper, I contend that a closer look must be paid to the infrastructural context of emergence and possibility of algorithms applied in “smart border technologies”. I focus on the explanatory and productive power of an analytical concept derived from the practice: the “security/mobility nexus”, which refers to the stitching of security to mobility to make governance possible. I illustrate how through the security/mobility nexus the Canadian State has capitalized on the promises of infrastructures–such as biometric algorithms–to innovate and deploy the affordance power of the digital to connect people’s data to spaces and physical sites. To analytically reflect on how it comes to mediate bodies as a “border infrastructure” with the security/mobility nexus, I first focus on the algorithmic mediation before turning to the biometric imaginary and its limits.
30
Bastow, Ruth, and Sabina Leonelli. "Sustainable digital infrastructure." EMBO reports 11, no. 10 (September 17, 2010): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/embor.2010.145.
31
Raghavan, S. V. "Integrated digital infrastructure." CSI Transactions on ICT 8, no. 1 (March 2020): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40012-020-00262-y.
32
Øvrelid, Egil, and Bendik Bygstad. "The role of discourse in transforming digital infrastructures." Journal of Information Technology 34, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268396219831994.
Анотація:
Radical shifts in large information technology programmes or digital infrastructures are unusual, but they do occur, usually as a consequence of problems or misalignment. What we know less about is the role of discourse in these shifts. Our interest in this article is to investigate the role of discourse when digitalisation programmes encounter problems. Building on Foucault’s theory of discourse, our research question is: what is the role of discourse in the transformation of digital infrastructures? Our research approach is a critical realist case study, discussing three cases from eHealth innovation. We use Foucault’s archaeological methodology to identify the emerging discursive formations when a programme encounters difficulties. This enables us to analyse the causal relationship between discursive formations and other mechanisms in the infrastructure. We offer two contributions: first, we outline a framework to understand the role of discursive formations in digital transformation; second, we propose a set of configurations to explain how contextual factors and causal mechanisms contingently lead to the transformation of a digital infrastructure.
33
Adebiyi, Olubukola Omolara. "Taxation in the Digital Age: An Examination of the Necessity, Feasibility, and Implications of Taxing Virtual Infrastructures." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, no. 23 (November 20, 2023): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i231168.
Анотація:
This research paper explores the feasibility, methods, and implications of taxing virtual infrastructures within the evolving digital landscape and economy; considering the proliferation of digital assets, online transactions, and virtual entities, the taxation of virtual infrastructures becomes imminent as an avenue for government to accumulate revenue for effective government administration. The paper examined the objectives of the study through primary data collected from 320 tax professionals and 297 IT experts to explore the impact of virtual infrastructure taxation on government revenues, the feasibility of taxation models, its effects on innovation and investment in the digital sector, and the challenges of cross-border tax strategies. Findings show that although taxation of virtual infrastructures significantly enhances government revenues, contributing to fiscal sustainability and the funding of public services and infrastructure projects, measures must be put in place to cushion the effect of such taxation on investment and innovation in the digital economy, as the taxation of virtual infrastructures were found to hamper investment and innovation significantly. Also, the implementation of modified traditional and emerging taxation models is shown to increase the feasibility of taxing virtual infrastructures, offering opportunities to enhance government revenues while fostering digital innovation. Data analysis, including Pearson correlation and linear regression methods, was employed to assess the relationships between the variables. Moreover, cross-border tax strategies are found to have negative implications for the taxation of virtual infrastructures, including profit shifting, transfer pricing, and competition among countries to attract digital firms. International cooperation and comprehensive tax reforms are suggested to address these challenges and ensure equitable tax contributions. The study underscores the significance of global collaboration in addressing cross-border taxation challenges and recommends the integration of modern tools and technologies to streamline tax processes while developing modified tax methodologies and policies that suit the digital economy.
34
Davis, Katlynne, Danielle Mollie Stambler, Jessica Lynn Campbell, Daniel L. Hocutt, Ann Hill Duin, and Isabel Pedersen. "Writing infrastructure with the fabric of digital life platform." Communication Design Quarterly 10, no. 2 (July 2022): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3507857.3507862.
Анотація:
Teaching writing involves helping students develop as critical communicators who use writing to question often-unseen systems of power enabled by infrastructures, including digital spaces and technologies. This article uses Walton, Moore, and Jones' (2019) 3Ps Framework---positionality, privilege, and power---to explore how, through assignments we developed incorporating the Fabric of Digital Life digital archive, instructors can make visible to students the invisible layers of infrastructure. Using the 3Ps framework, we illustrate how our pedagogical approach encourages students to use writing to interrogate digital infrastructure and the ways it is entangled with positionality, privilege, and power.
35
Ait-Lamallam, Sara, Imane Sebari, Reda Yaagoubi, and Omar Doukari. "IFCInfra4OM: An Ontology to Integrate Operation and Maintenance Information in Highway Information Modelling." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050305.
Анотація:
Building information modelling (BIM) is increasingly appropriate for infrastructure projects, and in particular for transport infrastructure. It is a digital solution that integrates the practices of the construction industry in facility management during the whole life cycle. This integration is possible through a single tool, which is the 3D digital model. Nevertheless, BIM standards, such as industry foundation classes, are still in the pipeline for infrastructure management. These standards do not fully meet the requirements of operation and maintenance of transport infrastructure. This paper shows how BIM could be implemented to address issues related to the operation and maintenance phase for transport infrastructure management. For this purpose, a new ontological approach, called Industry Foundation Classes for Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructures (IFCInfra4OM), is detailed. This ontology aims to standardise the use of building information modelling for operation and maintenance in road infrastructures. To highlight the interest of the proposed ontological approach, a building information model of a section on the A7 Agadir–Marrakech Highway in Morocco is produced according to IFCInfra4OM. The methodology is presented. The results obtained, including the IFCInfra4OM data model, are submitted. In the last section, an overview of the IFC extension approach is submitted.
36
Nabben, Kelsie. "Web3 as ‘self-infrastructuring’: The challenge is how." Big Data & Society 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 205395172311590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517231159002.
Анотація:
The term ‘Web3’ refers to the practices of participating in digital infrastructures through the ability to read, write and coordinate digital assets. Web3 is hailed as an alternative to the failings of big tech, offering a participatory mode of digital self-organizing and shared ownership of digital infrastructure through software-encoded governance rules and participatory practices. Yet, very few analytical frameworks have been presented in academic literature by which to approach Web3. This piece draws on the theoretical lens of infrastructure studies to offer an analytical framework to approach the emergent field of Web3 as an exploration in ‘how to infrastructure’ through prefigurative self-infrastructuring. Drawing on qualitative examples from digital ethnographic methods, I demonstrate how the origins of Web3 reveal the intentions of its creators as a political tool of prefiguration, yet its practices reveal the inherent tension of expressing these ideals in coherent technical and institutional infrastructure. Thus, I argue that one of the fundamental challenges Web3 is negotiating through technical and governance experiments is ‘how to self-infrastructure?’.
37
van der Vlist, Fernando N., and Anne Helmond. "How partners mediate platform power: Mapping business and data partnerships in the social media ecosystem." Big Data & Society 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 205395172110250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517211025061.
Анотація:
Social media platforms’ digital advertising revenues depend considerably on partnerships. Business partnerships are endemic and essential to the business of platforms, yet their role remains relatively underexplored in the literature on platformisation and platform power. This article considers the significance of partnerships in the social media ecosystem to better understand how industry platforms, and the infrastructure they build, mediate and shape platform power and governance. We argue that partners contribute to ‘platformisation’ through their collective development of business-to-business platform infrastructures. Specifically, we examine how partners have integrated social media platforms with what we call the audience economy – an exceptionally complex global and interconnected marketplace of intermediaries involved in the creation, commodification, analysis, and circulation of data audiences for purposes including but not limited to digital advertising and marketing. We determined which relationships are involved, which are exclusive or shared, and identified key ecosystem partners. Further, we found that partners build and integrate extensive infrastructures for data-sourcing and media distribution, surfacing infrastructural and strategic sources and locations, or ‘nodes’, of power in this ecosystem. The empirical findings thus highlight the significance of partnerships and partner integrations and draw attention to the powerful industry players and intermediaries that remain largely invisible.
38
Fecher, Benedikt, Raffaela Kunz, Nataliia Sokolovska, and Marcel Wrzesinski. "Platformisation of Science." LIBER Quarterly: The Journal of the Association of European Research Libraries 34, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53377/lq.16693.
Анотація:
The digital platforms we are dealing with in this article are auxiliary tools that do not produce anything themselves but provide an infrastructure for service providers and users to meet. They have potentially unlimited scaling potential and have become the central places of exchange. In academia we can also observe that research and its communication becomes more digital and that digital services are aiming to become platforms. In this article we explore the concept of digital platforms and their potential impact on academic research, firstly addressing the question: To what extent can digital platforms be understood as a specific type of research infrastructure? We draw from recent literature on platforms and platformisation from different streams of scholarship and relate them to the science studies concept of research infrastructures, to eventually arrive at a framework for science platforms. Secondly, we aim to assess how science platforms may affect scholarly practice. To this end, we relate common platform practices to scientific practice. Thirdly, we aim to assess to what extent science is platformized and how this interferes with scientific understandings of quality and autonomy. In the end of this article, we argue that the potential benefits of platform infrastructure for academic pursuits cannot be ignored, but the commercialization of the infrastructure for scholarly communication is a cause for concern. Ultimately, a nuanced and well-informed perspective on the impact of platformisation on academia is necessary to ensure that the academic community can maximize the benefits of digital infrastructures while mitigating negative consequences.
39
Huggett, Jeremy. "Deconstructing the Digital Infrastructures Supporting Archaeological Knowledge." Current Swedish Archaeology 31 (February 24, 2024): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2023.01.
Анотація:
The last 30 years have seen significant investments in the development of digital infrastructures to support archaeological practice. From field recording systems to national data archives, these have come to play an increasingly dominant role in the collection, management, and access to the data used in the creation of new archaeological knowledge. Although a lot of attention has been paid to the technical creation of such systems, much less is said about the wider political, cultural and social aspects of these infrastructures. Focusing on large-scale national or transnational data infrastructures, this paper seeks to lay the groundwork for such an inquiry by making the infrastructure the centre of analysis, rather than its technical aspects. The paper asks how infrastructures emerge, are sustained, become embedded in practice, and how they subsequently contextualise and influence the formation of archaeological knowledge. The underlying and frequently hidden complexities of infrastructures and their nature as always under development should make a critical understanding of their implementation and application, the opportunities they offer, the constraints they impose, and the perspectives they adopt, an important precursor to their knowledgeable use in practice.
40
Stephens, Marion. "Unmasking the Subconscious Fallacies Within Critical Infrastructure Protection." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 23, no. 1 (June 21, 2024): 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.23.1.2213.
Анотація:
Cybersecurity, a vital challenge in today’s ever-changing digital world, it has gained prominence with the global shift towards cyber-enabled critical infrastructures. Critical infrastructure protection efforts are fundamental for the continuation of essential services. Traditionally constituted as separate sectors, these infrastructures are increasingly interconnected, leading to potential domino effects during security breaches. For instance, failures within the power grid could have cascading effects on multiple sectors that depend on electricity for their operations, creating large-scale failures that affect functions on which society depends. The multidimensional nature of the infrastructures presents complex challenges for solutions, given their status as long-established legacy systems needing further development and enhancements to withstand the digital world. The lack of a concerted and focused infrastructure enhancement strategy has led to incremental approaches versus a comprehensive revamp to ensure a holistic cyber protection program. A lack of national focus has created inconsistencies that can lead to potentially catastrophic consequences. Understanding the decision-making processes within a complex environment is critical to the mission success. One significant risk is the cognitive roadblocks that have the potential to influence one’s judgements as this often outweighs balanced decisions. This study aims to investigate the subconscious biases that arise from a perceived resolution of the problem which can lead to de-prioritization within the decision-making processes. The study employs a convergent parallel mixed methods design to collect and analyse the data. The study then will compare the results allowing for the exploration of various aspects of the research. This approach is aligned to provide a thorough understanding of the challenges associated with protecting the infrastructures and the underlying subconscious fallacies in the digital age, thereby devising effective mitigation strategies, and fostering a more sustainable and resilient critical infrastructure that is useful for a variety of stakeholders, including policymakers, infrastructure owners and operators, cybersecurity professionals, and researchers
41
Gafurov, Ilshat Rafkatovich, Marat Rashitovich Safiullin, Elvir Munirovich Akhmetshin, Almaz Rafisovich Gapsalamov, and Vladimir Lvovich Vasilev. "Change of the Higher Education Paradigm in the Context of Digital Transformation: from Resource Management to Access Control." International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p71.
Анотація:
Digitalization and transition to a new technological structure bring humanity to another level of development. The changing technological structures, industry and society progress, enhance the importance of improving the university development model. The existing management system and infrastructure in universities are often outdated and unable to ensure their competitive and adequate functioning. Hence, the need to improve the processes of using the university infrastructure through digital technology. The composition and range of the resources should also be reviewed and supplemented with new components.The purpose of this work is to reveal the principles and requirements for improving the university infrastructure using digital technology.The methodology is based on modeling the university management system, with the concept of infrastructure logic as a core, meant to include new elements in the university management infrastructure: university stakeholders, cultural values, investments and translation.The management model transformation implies a transition from structural to infrastructural approach, from infrastructure management to managing the infrastructure logic. The digital network platform incorporating the information on all the infrastructure facilities, their status, will provide effective user access management to each university resource.The recommendations formulated to improve the university infrastructure using digital technology will make higher education more effective.
42
Doubell, GC, AH Basson, K. Kruger, and PDF Conradie. "A Digital Twin System for Railway Infrastructure." R&D Journal 39 (2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8988/2023/v39a3.
Анотація:
This paper presents a concept and case study implementation for a system of digital twins (DTs) aimed at supporting the management of railway infrastructure maintenance. The system of DTs includes DTs and software services. The case study uses, as physical asset, a subset of the railway infrastructure managed by the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). The DT system concept is evaluated, using a case study, to assess its ability to meet users' information requirements and contextual requirements. The paper also evaluates the generality of the case study results. The case study illustrates that the DT system can acquire and integrate data from diverse data sources and be adapted to a changing context (in terms of user requirements, infrastructural elements, and data sources). Even though the case study considers only a subset of infrastructure, the scalability of the DT system is illustrated, indicating its potential for larger implementations, within and beyond PRASA. The paper, therefore, shows that the DT system concept can provide an integrated view of the data on the railway infrastructure, thereby supporting data-led decision-making by infrastructure maintenance managers.
43
Baheer, Baseer Ahmad, David Lamas, and Sónia Sousa. "A Systematic Literature Review on Existing Digital Government Architectures: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Prospects." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10020025.
Анотація:
System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. Over recent decades, various architectures have been introduced by scholars for the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. However, there is no uniform agreement on Digital Government architecture concepts required for Digital Government infrastructure. To more thoroughly examine the Digital Government architecture introduced in this article, we collected 103 papers published between 2003 and 2020 retrieved from five leading literature databases. To conduct our research, we followed best practice scholarly accepted guidelines for researchers. Per the guidelines, we formulated research questions and employed an approach based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to meet our research goals. Our study found evidence that there is a lack of knowledge in terms of the state-of-the-art in Digital Government infrastructure and its challenges concerning existing Digital Government architectures. We identified a set of primary Digital Government architecture characteristics and building blocks on which the Digital Government infrastructures are built. These components are meant to improve the design of future Digital Government systems and applications. Furthermore, our research revealed a need for designing a reference architecture to provide government organizations with the best practice knowledge of already existing Digital Government architectures.
44
McDonald, Tom, and Yanan Guo. "‘What would happen if you can’t see your money?’: Visibility and the emergent infrastructures of digital money storage in China." New Media & Society 23, no. 4 (April 2021): 715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820954198.
Анотація:
This article adopts an infrastructural perspective to analyse Chinese migrant factory workers’ conceptions of and approaches towards storing money on digital payment platforms. Scholars studying infrastructural systems have emphasised that such systems generally only become visible upon breakdown. However, this article finds that during the emergence of new infrastructures for monetary storage, existing infrastructures – along with the money stored within them – also become rendered conspicuous to users. In such moments, migrant factory workers are forced to assess the differences between existing and new infrastructural systems and make careful decisions over how to store their money. We claim it is necessary to acknowledge the shifting visibility of infrastructures during occasions of systemic transformation. Doing so can help to better understand how users navigate such infrastructures in attempts to solve problems of storage, while in the process re-evaluating their relationships with a variety of entities and institutions.
45
BAARK, Erik. "China’s New Digital Infrastructure." East Asian Policy 14, no. 02 (April 2022): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930522000162.
Анотація:
A key component of China’s endeavour to develop new advanced infrastructure is the expansion of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications networks. China has thus taken up a leading position in 5G innovation, led by Huawei with a declared share of 13.53% of global 5G patent families. The challenges are how to leverage the benefits from the new capabilities of 5G networks and implementing the new 5G systems to enhance productivity and economic growth.
46
Rowell, Laurie. "Targeting the digital infrastructure." netWorker 13, no. 3 (September 2009): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1600303.1600310.
47
Mahmoodian, Mojtaba, Farham Shahrivar, Sujeeva Setunge, and Sam Mazaheri. "Development of Digital Twin for Intelligent Maintenance of Civil Infrastructure." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148664.
Анотація:
Over the life cycle of a civil infrastructure (a bridge as an example), 0.4–2% of the construction cost is spent annually on its maintenance. Utilising new technologies including the internet of things (IoT) and digital twin (DT) can significantly reduce the infrastructure maintenance costs. An infrastructure DT involves its digital replica and must include data on geometric, geospatial reference, performance, attributes (material, environment etc.) and management. Then, the acquired data need to be analysed and visualised to inform maintenance decision making. To develop this DT, the first step is the study of the infrastructure life cycle to design DT architecture. Using data semantics, this paper presents a novel DT architecture design for an intelligent infrastructure maintenance system. Semantic modelling is used as a powerful tool to structure and organize data. This approach provides an industry context through capturing knowledge about infrastructures in the structure of semantic model graph. Using new technologies, DT approach derives and presents meaningful data on infrastructure real-time performance and maintenance requirements, and in a more expressible and interpretable manner. The data semantic model will guide when and what data to collect for feeding into the infrastructure DT. The proposed DT concept was applied on one of the conveyors of Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal in Queensland Australia to monitor the structural performance in real-time, which enables predictive maintenance to avoid breakdowns and disruptions in operation and consequential financial impacts.
48
Anderson, Sheila. "What are Research Infrastructures?" International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 7, no. 1-2 (October 2013): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2013.0078.
Анотація:
This paper reflects on what research infrastructures are, suggesting that there are two dominant themes – one arising from the funding bodies postulating that research infrastructure development offers unprecedented opportunities to drive forward that which is new, which is innovative, and which drives competition and success; the other which suggests that infrastructure is subordinate, a substrate that supports the real work of research, and which becomes a thing that shifts into the background and is invisible. This paper argues that neither of these positions is wholly true or particularly helpful as we move to invest significant sums of money in digital research infrastructures. Instead, I propose that we need to view infrastructure as a material and experiential presence that is embedded in the practices and experience of research, which builds on and enhances that which already exists, that unites scholars with archivists, librarians, and museum curators, and that also finds a place for the amateur. Finally, and most importantly, I wish to argue that we must foreground the ‘research’ in ‘research infrastructures’. concentrating less on the component parts of infrastructure and instead focusing on its relationship to research practices.
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Degkwitz, Till, Daniel Schulz, and Jörg Rainer Noennig. "Cockpit Social Infrastructure." International Journal of E-Planning Research 10, no. 4 (October 2021): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20211001.oa7.
Анотація:
Web-based geographic information systems (GIS) and planning support systems are widely adopted as digital tools to support planning practices. The respective solutions tend to be isolated implementations aimed at a single planning purpose due to the specific requirement concerning their data, methodology, involved stakeholders, etc. With data platforms, GIS infrastructures, and the possibility to use web-based software that relies on open standards, creating a planning support infrastructure is more feasible than ever. Such infrastructures can create opportunities for governments to draw on existing systems and create the potential to improve planning practices through enhanced information and analysis. This paper describes the development of the cockpit social infrastructure, a planning application that serves as an interface between Hamburg's urban data platform and the municipal planners of social infrastructure. Its unique institutional setting as well as its reliance on an open standard software architecture make it a unique case for potential planning support infrastructure.
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Azouggarhe, Ikrame, Fatimazahra Madhat, and Salniane Bourekkadi. "Les enjeux de la motivation salariale dans les entreprises Marocaines : cas des entreprises IT et d’énergie." SHS Web of Conferences 175 (2023): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317501013.
Анотація:
La question de la performance a toujours constitué l’une parmi les principales préoccupations des dirigeants de toute entreprise, au point qu’elle est toujours inscrite au sommet de leur agenda, dot l’objectif escompté est de s’améliorer vers les plus hauts niveaux e vue d’impulser l’émergence d’une entreprise capable de produire des services de qualité, innovante, compétitive et créatrice de la richesse et de la valeur durable. La motivation salariale est devenue l’une des principales composantes du portefeuille de cette performance qui pousse à repenser la relation Entreprise-Salarié. Le but de notre recherche est de faire sortir les nouveaux enjeux naissants au sein des entreprises IT et d’énergie dans le contexte actuel marqué par des mutations internationales profondes engendrant une crise énergétique mondiale et une infrastructure digitale vulnérable. Le présent article s’appuie en premier lieu sur une étude statistique basée sur un questionnaire qui sert à collecter les réponses d’un échantillon des employeurs ainsi que des salariés de ces deux tranches de secteurs d’activité et qui nous offre les principaux résultats suivants :La bonne partie des salariés ont une impression favorable au chantier de la motivation salariale au sein de leurs entreprises, la plupart aime son travail et il s’engage à titre volontaire à un travail supplémentaire s’il est exigé.de même leurs entreprises s’engagent d’accorder des primes occasionnelle et également sur la base des primes du rendement, changent avec eux dans le cadre d’une communication interne les principaux éléments à rajouter en fonction de leurs besoins, s’intéressent ainsi à une motivation immatérielle malgré son faible pourcentage, des étapes ont été franchies mais il reste des enjeux à redéfinir qui s’adaptent aux spécificités du secteur des technologie de l’information et d’énergie.