Дисертації з теми "Infrastructural ecology"
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Wiegering, Spitzer Alexander(Alexander David). "An infrastructural ecology for Lima." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122829.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 146-149).
Lima is facing an infrastructural crisis. Its infrastructure has reached the limits of elasticity, capacity and implementation. Its systems are ecologically challenging and are ecologically challenged. Born as top down system, they currently require too much investment from institutions in order to be governed and managed. We should rethink the conventional understanding of infrastructure as the hidden physical organizational structure of urban development, and favor a multi-scalar shared social approach to infrastructural production. Infrastructure needs to be civic and social, 'micro' and 'macro', hard and soft. Housing, the single, most powerful drive of Lima's growth needs to be reconsidered as an essential component of this infrastructure. This thesis proposes to analyze the set of elements that can constitute a new ecology of infrastructural pieces, in order to foster a new form of development and solidification of the peripheral informal settlements in the city of Lima.
The questions of open ended infrastructure in Lima, and the relationship between the limitations of 'hard' and 'soft' are on the table today: 46% of its citizens have resorted to informal housing for a place to live, most of which have no access to basic services1. Paired with population increase, immigration, and the unpreparedness of governments to provide infrastructure and services, this pressure is challenging risk management and governance capacities. The limitations to achieve the next generation of infrastructure in Lima are neither technical nor financial; they are spatial, social and political2. This thesis challenges conventional understandings of infrastructure by looking at it through the lens of ecology (which implies the study of the interaction between the elements of a system, beyond their independent development) and uses this lens to propose a new infrastructural system.
First, it catalogues the infrastructural pieces at play, defines their relationships, and documents how infrastructure is implemented throughout the region. Second, it proposes new pieces and partnerships of this system that encourage negotiations, develop new and existing relationships, and define operations and rules oriented towards a processes of urban solidification. These rules consist of physical, spatial and social interactions, moving energy, economy, and labour through the territory. These rules can mobilize dialogue between the built and unbuilt, objects and territories, organisms and environments. The thesis addresses the specific relationship between informal settlements and their geography, and proposes a dialogue between solidification and impermanence.
The goal of the thesis is to define a system capable of supporting and expanding itself while producing a legible project in the territory: an infrastructural ecology that enables different lifestyles, new interactions, and civic dialogue.
by Alexander Wiegering Spitzer.
S.M. in Architecture Studies
S.M.inArchitectureStudies Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
Duyser, Mitchell S. "Hybrid Landscapes: Territories of Shared Ecological and Infrastructural Value." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277139665.
Повний текст джерелаKarlson, Mårten. "Ecology, Transport Infrastructure and Environmental Assessment." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123562.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20130612
GESP
Baró, Francesc. "Urban Green Infrastructure: Modeling and mapping ecosystem services for sustainable planning and management in and around cities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399173.
Повний текст джерелаIn an increasingly urban planet, many cities and their inhabitants are facing multiple pressing threats within their borders, including heat stress, pollution and growing disconnection with the biosphere. Improving sustainability, resilience and livability in urban areas should be thus a major goal on the policy agenda, from local to global authorities. The operationalization of the ecosystem services framework, building on the concepts of ‘green infrastructure’ and ‘nature-based solutions’, is claimed by a mounting number of policy-makers, practitioners and scientists as the way forward to address many of these urban challenges. However, the extent to which urban green infrastructure can offer relevant solutions to these challenges is rarely considered in ecosystem service assessments, and therefore unknown to decision-makers. This dissertation critically examines the role and contribution of green infrastructure to cope with diverse urban challenges (with a focus on air pollution, greenhouse emissions, heat stress and opportunities for outdoor recreation) at different spatial scales. Building on the ecosystem services cascade model, an operational framework is proposed and applied across four original research chapters to inform planning and management decisions on the basis of the relationships between the green infrastructure’s capacity to deliver ecosystem services, the actual provision or use of these services (flow), and the amount of services demanded by the urban population. Identification of unsatisfied demand, i.e., the mismatch between ecosystem service flow and demand, is a main focus of the assessments since it expresses the limits of urban green infrastructure in relation to the considered challenges. The dissertation uses and refines a variety of methodological approaches for modeling and mapping the capacity, flow and demand of urban ecosystem services (e.g., i-Tree and ESTIMAP tools). The spatial scope of the research carried out within the assessment framework of this dissertation principally encompasses the urban area of Barcelona, Spain, considering both the local or city scale (Barcelona municipality) and the metropolitan or regional scale (Barcelona metropolitan region). Results from the research indicate that the contribution of ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure to cope with urban problems is often limited (e.g., its impact on air quality or carbon offsetting was lower than 3% considering total carbon emissions and air pollution in all case studies) and/or uncertain at the city and metropolitan scales. In addition, the positive impact of green infrastructure on environmental quality and human wellbeing is usually challenged by ecosystem disservices (e.g., biogenic emissions), trade-offs (e.g., provisioning versus regulating services) or spatial mismatches between service supply and demand (e.g., air purification and outdoor recreation capacities of large metropolitan green infrastructure blocks are too far from demand sites). On the basis of these findings, several implications for urban/landscape planning, management and decision-making are drawn, including: (1) the prioritization of abatement policies on the pressures generating a demand for certain ecosystem services (e.g., air purification and carbon sequestration); (2) combining land sharing strategies in urban and agricultural land in order to increase their multifunctionality and resilience and, concurrently, assure the conservation of large patches of multifunctional periurban forest areas; (3) development of new green spaces in compact urban cores using innovative strategies (e.g., rooftop gardens); and (4) consideration of ecosystem services trade-offs and disservices in planning and management. Finally, I contend that urban green infrastructure planning and management requires a holistic approach, considering the whole range of ecosystem services potentially provided by different types of green infrastructure and the interactions between them, together with the different spatial scales at which these ecosystem services can be relevant for the resilience, sustainability and livability of urban areas. This calls for a strong multi-scale and multi-disciplinary institutional coordination between all the authorities dealing with urban and environmental policy and for the harmonization of planning and management instruments in a multi-level governance approach.
Mayes, John. "Modeling Complex Forest Ecology in a Parallel Computing Infrastructure." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4305/.
Повний текст джерелаUemura, Tetsuji. "Population decline, infrastructure and sustainability." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1038/.
Повний текст джерелаLewis, Joshua. "Deltaic Dilemmas : Ecologies of Infrastructure in New Orleans." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119390.
Повний текст джерелаAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Accepted. Paper 5: Manuscript.
Wallenborn, Grégoire. "L’efficience énergétique et les effets rebonds :déficiences théoriques et paradoxes pratiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216731.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Burlij, Larissa. "Infrastructure as Landscape: Imagining an Operative Ecology along the Cuyahoga River." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337101681.
Повний текст джерелаBormpoudakis, Dimitrios. "Green infrastructure and landscape connectivity in England : a political ecology approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56639/.
Повний текст джерелаCosta, Ana Luísa Arrais Falcão Beja da. "Mangroves of Maputo. Towards urban resilience through green infrastructure." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21196.
Повний текст джерелаCities in Africa, where the most remarkable forthcoming developments in the global pattern of urbanization are expected, and quite notably in Sub-Saharan cities such as Maputo, are experiencing accelerating population increases. As a consequence of this growth urban infrastructures are being stressed beyond capacity and there is increased pressure on the existent valuable ecosystems. In recent times, and mostly due to foreign intervention, investments have been welcomed into Maputo’s grey urban infrastructure network whereas little attention has been given to green infrastructure. In the city’s coastal plains, the recently constructed Maputo ring road and the Katembe bridge are drawing urban development towards the last stretch of vacant land of the Municipality, compromising the mangrove ecosystems and flood plains of this territory. Based on the hypothesis that mangroves have the potential to become a structuring element for the improvement of resilience in self-produced neighbourhoods on the coastal plains, the aim of this research is to contribute towards the outline of an urban green infrastructure for the coastal areas of Maputo, as a strategy to accommodate current and future urban development challenges, not only as biophysical networks that can create urban socio-ecological networks that improve urban resilience through a stewardship of ecosystems, but also as an ecosystem-based approach for adaptation to climate change. Considering the specific dynamics of Sub-Southern African cities, where research and planning around environmental issues is in very early stages, it is urgent to promote research and design strategies to tackle the problematics of urban development in ecologically sensitive and landscape valuable areas. This research thus expects to anticipate the sustainable development of Maputo, exploring the potential of its coastal landscape for the establishment of an urban green infrastructure
N/A
Guinard, Eric. "INFRASTRUCTURES DE TRANSPORT AUTOROUTIÈRES ET AVIFAUNE : LES FACTEURS INFLUENÇANT LA MORTALITÉ PAR COLLISION." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957522.
Повний текст джерелаPandit, Arka. "Resilience of urban water systems: an 'infrastructure ecology' approach to sustainable and resilient (SuRe) planning and design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53443.
Повний текст джерелаEagleston, Holly Ann. "Integrating Geospatial Technology and Ecological Research in the Analysis of Sustainable Recreation Infrastructure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71311.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Wituszynski, David Michael. "Ecological Structure and Function of Bioretention Cells." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595534267621241.
Повний текст джерелаFettig, Jake Alan. "Nothing is Perfect, But Something is Just Right: Redevelopment of Inner-Ring Suburbs - Integrating Ecological Systems into Modern Urban Villages." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96792.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Landscape Architecture
This thesis proposes a design for revealing a continuous flow stream channel currently piped underground and creating integrated stormwater detention basins along the historic stream channel path at the headwaters of Spout Run in northern Arlington County, Virginia. Stormwater mains downstream from the headwaters have already been deemed below capacity for the unprecedentedly intense storms that have become an annual occurrence. Here, the major transportation and development corridor, Route 29 (Lee Highway), just across the Potomac River west of Washington D.C, crosses Glebe Road and a unique geological formation, dubbed for the purpose of this thesis as the 'Headwaters Plateau'. It is an intersection between historically significant transportation routes as well as a unique intersection between landscape and the built environment. Around the Headwaters Plateau, not just Spout Run but the waters of four other streams begin their path to the Potomac River, flowing through numerous Arlington County neighborhoods along the way. As redevelopment plans take shape for the Lee Highway corridor through northern Arlington County, this thesis proposes the unique intersection between the Headwaters Plateau at Spout Run Gap along Route 29 as the site for the core of a modern Urban Village, with the Plateau and the Spout Run Headwaters Channel as the landscape framework around which the redeveloping Village should be built. Through design, this thesis is an investigation of the potential integration of ecological systems such as stream hydrology into the design of modern 'Urban Villages' with the intent to create impactful individual experiences that provide a shared sense of connection within the community to its surrounding landscape. Throughout the country, redevelopment plans are focused on creating increased-density 'mixed-use' communities within existing urban and suburban areas - often called Urban Villages in the lexicon of the New Urbanism planning theory. This represents a move away from the predominant approach of separation of land use zoning practices. Such redevelopments provide a unique opportunity to not only import new 'green' features, but to reimagine the fundamental connections between ecological, human, and non-human systems within the fabric of the larger community in a way that profoundly improves the cognitive experience of a place for the people and wildlife that reside there.
Wenban-Smith, Hugh B. "Economies of scale, distribution costs and density effects in urban water supply : a spatial analysis of the role of infrastructure in urban agglomeration." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/285/.
Повний текст джерелаCairns, Maryann R. "Environment, Rights, and Waste in Bolivia: Addressing Water and Sanitation Processes for Improved Infrastructure." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5197.
Повний текст джерелаBliss-Ketchum, Leslie Lynne. "The Impact of Infrastructure on Habitat Connectivity for Wildlife." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4832.
Повний текст джерелаWilliams, Joseph. "Tapping the oceans : the political ecology of seawater desalination and the water-energy nexus in Southern California and Baja California." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tapping-the-oceans-the-political-ecology-of-seawater-desalination-and-the-waterenergy-nexus-in-southern-california-and-baja-california(58750cb5-0c7c-4cfb-a3bd-8bef8ce21984).html.
Повний текст джерелаSandre, Adriana Afonso. "O planejamento ambiental à luz da ecologia da paisagem: estudo aplicado da zona de amortecimento do Parque da Cantareira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-21122017-105418/.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation discusses the issue of environmental planning from the perspective of Landscape Ecology and Green Infrastructure. The research admits that the assessments of the impacts of urbanization must be considered within the landscape planning, that accounts the multifunctionality of open spaces - deals with urban, social, economic and environmental infrastructure issues from the debate about green infrastructure. Regarding this context, the research argues the importance of a systemic, comprehensive and transdisciplinary approach to produce a differential analysis between conserving biodiversity, providing ecosystem services and providing places for urban housing. The aim is to debate how to integrate the contents of the of Ecology and Landscape Architecture into the environmental planning through a study case about the characterization and conformation of a network of urban open spaces. These concepts are applied to an investigation about how environmental planning can contribute to the management of the buffer zone of Cantareira State Park. The multivariate analyzes of the case study contemplate the social and environmental integration of the Park, specifically, the areas of conflict between urban occupation and the legal administrative protection of natural resources. The study verified that the area presents a high diversity of forms of relief, many river springs, expressive areas that are still covered by vegetation in several stages of succession, different uses of the soil and diversified cultural and leisure aspects. The surroundings of the Park are marked by a great territorial complexity that contributes to its isolation and fragmentation, in addition the south part is surrounded by densely occupied areas, quarries and sanitary landfills, while in the north part by farms. Finally, the research proposes some environmental planning guidelines for the network of free spaces per green infrastructure devices.
Plitt, Sophia. "Digital tools for urban green infrastructure: : Investigating the potential of e-tools to inform and engage stewards." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170269.
Повний текст джерелаSmith, Joseph Stephen. "The Impact of Green Infrastructure on Stormwater Quality: A Sewershed-Scale Analysis of the Effects of Blueprint Columbus on Nutrients, Sediments, and Metals." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587651880895345.
Повний текст джерелаNeumann, Wiebke. "Moose Alces alces behaviour related to human activity." Umeå : Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200964.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNiland, Joseph Michael. "Derelict to Dynamic: Examining Socioecological Productivity of Underutilized/Abandoned Industrial Infrastructure, and Application in Baltimore, Maryland." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83763.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Urban and Regional Planning
Hinds, Kris-An K. "Perceptions of Infrastructure, Flood Management, and Environmental Redevelopment in the University Area, Hillsborough County, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7810.
Повний текст джерелаMercader, Manon. "Rôle des infrastructures portuaires dans le maintien des populations de poissons côtiers : apports de la restauration écologique." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0027/document.
Повний текст джерелаHabitat loss caused by urban sprawl has harmful consequences on marine biodiversity. With a view to maintaining biodiversity and fish stocks, it may be worthwhile to restore some ecological features in anthropized areas. The aim of this thesis was to estimate the potential role of ports as habitat for juvenile coastal fish and to evaluate how this role can be improvedthrough restoration actions. Tank experiments revealed that juvenile survival rate on artificial habitats used for restoration purpose could be equivalent to that observed on natural habitat. The assessment of the spatial distribution of juvenile at the scale of a seascape permitted to estimate that harbors could host densities of juvenile that were between 50 to 90% of thoseobserved in natural sites. Within harbors densities were highly dependent on the type of habitat, featureless dock hosting the lowest densities. Subsequently, based on case studies, this work demonstrated that harbors rehabilitation could significantly enhance juvenile densities at the habitat scale. Densities on restored habitat might reach those observed in natural habitats.However, at the scale of the whole harbor benefits were low. This work suggests that harbors have a real potential as an alternative juvenile habitat, especially if restoration actions are undergone. However, for more efficiency, restoration projects should be led at the scale of the whole site and include a diversity of artificial habitats. Thereby, restoration approaches shouldbe considered as a complementary tool to protection measures in a seascape integrated management approach of coastal areas
Rehn, Felicia. "Pollinators in Urban Landscapes : Local and landscape factors impact on pollinator species richness and abundance." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38559.
Повний текст джерелаBaek, Insoo. "A study on the sustainable infrastructure of the Songdo City Project : from the viewpoint of the metabolic flow perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96906.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the 21st century, cities play a vital role in social, economic and environmental changes. They are the largest places of human settlement and it is expected that more than 80 percent of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050 (UNEP, 2012). At the same time, as the role of cities significantly increases, it also contributes to negative outcomes on the planet. In particular, the current cities’ demand for materials and energy consumption accounts for almost 80 percent of the world’s consumption and it leads to serious environmental problems. The main problems are climate change, biodiversity loss, desertification, and ecosystem degradation. In response to these urban issues, sustainable cities have emerged as an alternative way of urban life. Since cities consume a massive amount of energy, an efficient resource management system has to be established for the sustainable urban future. In addition, finding ways to reconcile economic growth, social well-being and the sustainable use of resources is imperative in urban sustainability. Since people’s lifestyle and their material footprint are dependent on the urban design, construction and operation of urban infrastructures, ways to make an urban infrastructural system more sustainable will contribute to the transition towards sustainable cities. In this study, the thesis applies Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to one of the sustainable cities, Songdo, South Korea. Before delving into the analysis, it explores the overview of the New Songdo City (NSC) project and describes its sustainable urban infrastructures. Then it examines the material flow of inputs and outputs of the city in order to reveal their sustainability and suggests a guideline for the realisation of sustainable cities. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to assess and compare the material and energy flow trends for this city. The results indicate that the general material consumption in Songdo is higher than the average in South Korea. It reflects the high-income households’ consumption patterns in Songdo. In addition, one could see that the sustainable networks have merely contributed to the overall consumption. The findings from this study can be used to formulate sustainable development policies and strategies in terms of increasing the efficiency of resource and energy use in urban areas. Furthermore, this research is expected to provide a platform for realisation of sustainable cities by highlighting the important role of urban infrastructures and their material resource flow.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die 21ste eeu speel stede 'n belangrike rol in die sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingskwessies veranderinge. Stede is die grootste vorm van menslike nedersetting en daar word verwag dat meer as 80 persent van die wêreld se bevolking in stede sal woon teen 2050 (UNEP, 2012). Op dieselfde tyd, namate die rol van stede aansienlik verhoog, dra dit ook by tot negatiewe uitkomste op die planeet. Veral huidige stede se vraag na materiaal en energie reken vir byna 80 persent van die wêreld se verbruik, en dit lei tot ernstige omgewingsprobleme. Die grootste probleme is klimaatsverandering, biodiversiteit verlies, verwoestyning en die agteruitgang van ekostelsels. In reaksie op hierdie stedelike kwessies het volhoubare stede na vore gekom as 'n alternatiewe vorm van stadsbewoning. Aangesien stede 'n massiewe hoeveelheid energie gebruik, moet 'n doeltreffende hulpbronbestuur stelsel vasgestel word. Daarbenewens, is dit noodsaaklik om maniere te vind om ekonomiese groei te integreer met sosiale welsyn en die volhoubare gebruik van hulpbronne. Aangesien mense se lewenstyl en hul impak op die omgewing afhanklik is van die stedelike infrastruktuur, sal maniere om hierdie infrastruktuurstelsel meer volhoubaar te maak bydra tot die oorgang na volhoubare stede. In hierde studie word, stedelike materiaalvloeiontleding toegepas op een van die volhoubare stede, Songdo, Suid-Korea. Voor die analise, sal 'n oorsig van die nuwe Songdo stad projek en die stad se volhoubare infrastruktuur gegee word. Dan word die vloei van materiaal in-en uitgange van die stad ondersoek om hul volhoubaarheid te illustreer, en stel dit 'n riglyn voor vir die verwesenliking van volhoubare stede. Kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodologie word gebruik om die materiaal en energie vloei tendense vir hierdie stad te bepaal en vergelyk. Die resultate dui daarop dat die algemene materiaal verbruik in Songdo hoër is as die gemiddelde in Korea. Dit weerspieël die hoë-inkomste huishoudings se verbruikspatrone in Songdo. Daarbenewens kan 'n mens sien dat die volhoubare netwerke slegs bygedra het tot die algehele verbruik. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie kan gebruik word om die volhoubare ontwikkeling van beleid en strategieë te formuleer in terme van die verhoging van die doeltreffendheid van die hulpbron-en energie gebruik in stedelike gebiede. Verder word verwag dat hierdie navorsing 'n platvorm in terme van die realisering van volhoubare stede sal voorsien deur die belangrike rol van stedelike infrastruktuur, en die materiaal hulpbron vloei te beklemtoon.
Bellec, Arnaud. "Dynamiques spatiales, temporelles et écologiques de la Métropole de Lyon : 1984-2015." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3055/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe urban green infrastructure brings together all the elements of vegetation that contribute to meeting the major challenges associated with the Anthropocene, such as adapting to climate change, preserving biodiversity, infiltrating rainwater or improving the health of populations. The precise mapping of urban green spaces is today lacking although spatial data from airborne sensors have been available for many years. As a result, it is now difficult to assess the functionality of greeninfrastructures. To meet this need for evaluation, the territory of the urban area of Lyon was mapped at one meter resolution between 1984 and 2015 using an object-oriented procedure. All maps generated were made available on a dedicated web platform. The results show that the green areas of the urban area of Lyon are comparable to those of other agglomerations of the same rank, but that the population’s access to this vegetation is very unevenly distributed. For example, only 11% of the inhabitants can find a green space of more than 2ha closer than a 5 minutes’ walk from home. Often underestimated in urban policies, private gardens make up twice the surface of public green spaces, and should be the subject of the same questions about their value for climate mitigation or the conservation of biodiversity. The evaluation of urban green infrastructures only starts with theirmapping, and should lead to the exploration of its perception at different spatial scales, for different actors (inhabitants, professionals and other living organisms) and according to several measures of physical, mental and cultural well-being
Greenleaf, Holly Lee. "From Maintenance To Stewardship: Green Stormwater Infrastructure Capacity In Vermont Towns & Design And Participatory Processes To Provide Cultural Ecosystem Services." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1010.
Повний текст джерелаJohansson, Rebecca. "Evaluation of Experiences from using CEEQUAL in Infrastructure Projects : A case study of the Crossrail programme and the Olympic Park." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Cemus, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161491.
Повний текст джерелаCEEQUAL syftar till att bedöma och ge utmärkelse för hur väl ett infrastruktur- eller anläggningsprojekt har arbetet med hållbarhetsfrågor. Systemet är utvecklat i England och lanserades kommersiellt 2003. Intresset för CEEQUAL börjar sprida sig till övriga av Europa och till Trafikverket. Denna uppsats utvärderar brittiska erfarenheter från att använda CEEQUAL. Studien bygger på två fallstudier – ett vägprojekt och ett järnvägsprojekt. Vägprojektet representeras av ett delprojekt inom utvecklingen av Olympic Park och järnvägsprojektet av Crossrail. Syftet med studien är att: Utvärdera erfarenheter av att använda CEEQUAL och identifiera vilka mervärden, utifrån hållbarhetsperspektivet, systemet ger mot normalt arbetssätt. Identifiera de kostnader och resurser som krävs för CEEQAUL. Identifiera om det är möjligt att ställa krav på CEEQUAL och ett speciellt betyg i upphandlingen av genomförandet av ett projekt. Resultatet av de två fallstudierna har analyserats och applicerats på Trafikverket. Även teori om hållbar utveckling och information om CEEQUAL har använts för att analysera resultaten. Slutsatser utifrån denna rapport är bland annat: Vilken effekt CEEQUAL har på ett projekts hantering av hållbarhetsfrågor beror på hur dessa frågor hanteras i normalt fall. CEEQUAL ger projekt en struktur för att arbeta med ekologiska och sociala frågor. CEEQUAL skapar trovärdighet för arbete med sociala frågor. Det behövs något som kompletterar CEEQUAL för att kunna säga något om ett projekts påverkan på miljön. Det är viktigt att CEEQUAL är en del av arbetssättet, annars kommer bedömningen att kosta extra tid och pengar. Det är möjligt för en beställare att ställa krav på användning av CEEQUAL och ett speciellt betyg i upphandlingen. Avslutningsvis så är min rekommendation till Trafikverket att de använder CEEQUAL och ansöker om utmärkelse för vissa referensprojekt men implementerar CEEQUAL-tänkandet i alla projekt. Genom att registrera vissa projekt så kan Trafikverket möta de krav som regeringsuppdraget ställer. De kan också använda CEEQUAL-utmärkelser för att kalibrera sig då och då mot CEEQUAL för att se hur de förhåller sig mot ”best practice” inom branschen. CEEQUAL kan också fungera som en kvalitetssäkrare av ekologiska och sociala frågor i de projekt som inte kräver MKB.
Gabrielle, Huet Valentine. "Infrastructure Projects and Climate Change Adaption in the Era of Grassroots Movement Resurgence : Suggestions fro Transformational Actions." Thesis, KTH, Historiska studier av teknik, vetenskap och miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279994.
Повний текст джерелаMatsler, Annie Marissa. "Knowing Nature in the City: Comparative Analysis of Knowledge Systems Challenges Along the 'Eco-Techno' Spectrum of Green Infrastructure in Portland & Baltimore." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3767.
Повний текст джерелаBiondolilo, Jena. "Analyzing the benefits of reducing parking: improving public transportation to reduce parking demand and increase space for green infrastructure in Manhattan, Kansas." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15701.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Tim Keane
Climate change and declining ecological health of urban environments are global issues of growing concern. In order to mitigate these issues we must reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions and increase green infrastructure solutions. One way of doing this is through improving public transportation and decreasing parking areas. In this study, Manhattan, Kansas was used to illustrate how improvements to public transportation can reduce parking demand and to show how excess parking can be transformed into green space to improve the ecological health of the city. First a review of literature and case studies related to increasing ridership of public transportation, reducing parking demand, and calculating ecologic and economic benefits was done. Then ArcGIS was used to analyze the existing public transportation in Manhattan, Kansas. Improvements to the existing transit system were developed and potential increase in ridership was calculated. ArcGIS was then used to analyze existing parking in Manhattan, Kansas. Excess Parking was determined based on current parking demand and predicted transit ridership. A suitability study was then done in ArcGIS to determine which parking areas should be converted into green space. The suitability map assisted in choosing four specific parking areas to redesign in detail to incorporate additional green space and tree cover. It was estimated that improving Manhattan’s bus system could double its ridership. It was also estimated that with improved public transit and parking planning, 30% of Manhattan’s parking could be eliminated. Converting 30% of Manhattan’s parking into green space would decrease runoff and pollutants from parking lots. Ecological valuation methods were used to calculate the benefits of converting parking into green space. It was found that integrating green space into parking lots would decrease stormwater runoff, mitigate the heat island effect, store carbon, improve air quality and may have social benefits as well.
Claireau, Fabien. "Evaluation des impacts de la fragmentation du paysage par une autoroute sur les chauves-souris à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаBiodiversity is being lost at an increased rate as a result of human activities. One of the major threats to biodiversity is infrastructural development. Although the measures taken in environmental impact assessments can limit this loss, the mitigation hierarchy to "Avoid, Reduce and Offset" impacts on biodiversity is not fully functional. Indeed, the mitigation hierarchy often uses qualitative data and does not account for the biological and/or ecological processes and their different spatial and temporal scales. The impact of roads is well documented for several biological groups but not for bats whereas they are likely to be very strongly affected. Moreover, as they are strictly protected, they should be considered in the mitigation hierarchy. Therefore, through the study of bats, I investigated the effects of roads, especially major roads, and intended to measure and quantify the magnitude of their impacts. This thesis presents different methods developed to reach this objective and which may be used by stakeholders in the field. First, I intended to determine how to process data collected through passive acoustic monitoring and how to exploit these data. Then I determined what the impacts of roads on bat populations are and I proposed a method in order to assess the mitigation measures which presume to restore bat habitat connectivity. Our main results show a significant negative effect of roads on bats foraging and commuting behaviour for several species and up to at least five kilometres away from a major road. In addition, the effect of major roads also seems to have consequences on populations’ genetics. Finally, we studied bat overpasses which are structures specifically dedicated to bats and aiming at reducing the impacts of roads by improving bats’ habitat connectivity. These structures seem to be appropriate when located in narrow ecological corridors such as hedgerows
Tharp, Rebecca. "Ecological Stormwater Management: Analysis of design components to improve understanding and performance of stormwater retention ponds." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/934.
Повний текст джерелаDenney, Anne. "Redesigning River des Peres: to improve, protect, and maintain." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15632.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Landscape Architecture, Regional and Community Planning
Tim Keane
During a 75-year building boom starting in the early to mid 1900's we built most of the stormwater and sewage infrastructure that sustains us today. As these infrastructural systems begin to meet their life expectancy, and with our cities being impacted by flooding, rapid urbanization, and water quality concerns there is a need for designers to begin rethinking these infrastructural systems. With rapid urbanization cities are seeing increased peak flow discharge volumes within their river systems and combined sewer overflow occurrences. The River des Peres located in the City and County of Saint Louis, Missouri, is an urban waterway that is affecting the natural ecosystem and community well-being. The main stem of the River des Peres is a heavily degraded concrete trapezoidal channel that in 1988 became a National Historic Civil Engineering landmark for its sewerage and drainage works. Which leads to the question of why a historic civil engineering landmark, such as the River des Peres, is such a wreck today? In compliance with the Clean Water Act the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District is proposing to implement enhanced green infrastructure and stormwater/sewer storage tanks to reduce the amount of Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) occurrences in the River des Peres watershed. However, through review of literature, site inventory and analysis, a watershed stormwater BMP plan, and corresponding site design developments it has been found that return frequency flow can be reduced as much as 56% in the watershed, reducing the need for storage tanks and reducing CSO occurrences. Through the incorporation of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) the River des Peres responds to recurrence flow, wildlife habitat, and to the well-being of the community.
Ludwig, Thomas John. "In Transition: Creating Early Successional Avian Habitat in Transitional Urban Spaces." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397740935.
Повний текст джерелаWest, Madeline. "Community Water and Sanitation Alternatives in Peri-Urban Cochabamba: Progressive Politics or Neoliberal Utopia?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31600.
Повний текст джерелаShih, Wan-Yu. "Optimising urban green networks in Taipei City : linking ecological and social functions in urban green space systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optimising-urban-green-networks-in-taipei-city-linking-ecological-and-socal-functions-in-urban-green-space-systems(eca36d35-4470-4fdf-a766-ba9eebe5ca63).html.
Повний текст джерелаSchaffler, Alexis. "Enhancing resilience between people and nature in urban landscapes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6473.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The particular global context that is fundamentally altering the world is one in which the combined resource requirements of cities are unprecedented. This thesis communicates the thoughts, ideas and research observations on contemporary urbanisation dynamics through a synthesis of various perspectives. This conceptual fusion, as an attempt to provide a holistic overview of contemporary urban dynamics, forms the basis for developing a framework from which the multiple dimensions of cities can be addressed. This theoretical framework, which includes empirical analyses on the state of cities, is then applied to Johannesburg as a case study for deepening the understanding of urban dynamics and to assess implementation of the theoretical framework in reality. Despite being guided by the general aims of investigating current urban growth trends and the conceptual frameworks with which urban systems could be better understood, the complexity of the task at hand defied a static and linear research process. The ideas that emerged through the research journey, as opposed to a process, were synthesised using a literature review from which the framework of managing complex social-ecological systems was developed. Central to this framework is the metaphor of resilience, which through the idea of systemic adaptability, prioritises the need for both social and ecological opportunity to be enhanced. This is critical in the face of cross-cutting global challenges and in terms of cities as archetypical complex social-ecological systems. In reviewing literature on contemporary urbanisation dynamics, it was found that the socio-economic, spatial and ecological tensions characterising developing country cities, require strategies to enhance urban resilience rooted in local social and ecological capabilities that differ from developed nations’ contexts. These practical concerns were the catalyst for suggesting green infrastructure as a framework in which the joint social and ecological values of green assets are valued equally. This in line with the logic of enhancing a system’s overall systemic adaptability. The theoretical frameworks included in the literature review, therefore, emerged through the weaving back and forth of thoughts, debates and practical concerns about creating resilience between people and nature in the urban landscapes of developing countries The methodological implications of a green infrastructure framework resulted in the need to determine the total economic value of ecosystem services, as the benefits that society accrues through ecosystem functioning. Valuing both the social and ecological benefits of such ecosystem derivatives, not only relates to the concept of mutual resilience building, but makes the economic case for investment in natural assets. Through experience with this methodology, it emerged that valuation exercises of ecosystem services require primary research that connects physical data on ecosystem functioning to tangible economic values. In the chosen case study, however, this original research is yet to take place and methodologies for valuing Johannesburg’s green assets had to unfold based on data availability. The development of a methodology within a methodology is a major feature of this paper, which is guided by the logic that for overall systemic resilience to be sustained, investment in natural assets needs to explicitly account for the total economic values of ecosystem services. The conclusions suggest that Johannesburg is nevertheless in a unique position to capitalise on the concept of green infrastructure, from which social and ecological opportunity can be mutually enhanced. In a paradoxical way, the city’s tree-planting boom that resulted in the construction of the world’s largest urban forest in natural savannah grassland, has created inventories of ecological and social resilience that represent the multifunctional value of green assets, if valued explicitly. Recognition of these values shows that ecological assets extend beyond publicly delineated open space and that Johannesburg’s culture of greening is potentially playing a significant role in sustaining the resilience between its people and nature. However, until the detailed base research is conducted on the connections between Johannesburg’s green assets and their associated social and ecological dividends, these assets remain potential inventories of resilience whose values are yet to be fully determined. The recommendations of this thesis are therefore largely to strengthen the research and data bases on Johannesburg’s green assets. Original research is needed so that precise valuation exercises of Johannesburg’s ecosystem services can take place. This research is also the foundation from which a more robust and empirically sound case can be made for motivating investment in Johannesburg’s strategically unique green infrastructure, in the context of social-ecological challenges and the global movement towards green economies, jobs and cities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die spesifieke globale konteks wat die wêreld ten diepste verander, is ’n konteks waarin die gekombineerde behoeftes van stede ongekend is. Deur ’n samevatting van verskeie perspektiewe bied hierdie tesis gedagtes, idees en navorsingswaarnemings oor die hedendaagse stadsdinamika. Hierdie samevoeging van konsepte, as ’n poging om ’n holistiese oorsig van hedendaagse stadsdinamika te bied, vorm die grondslag vir die ontwikkeling van ’n raamwerk van waaruit die veelvuldige dimensies van stede benader kan word. Hierdie teoretiese raamwerk, wat empiriese analises van die stand van stede insluit, word dan toegepas op Johannesburg as ’n gevallestudie om die stadsdinamika beter te verstaan en die gebruik van die teoretiese raamwerk in die praktyk te evalueer. Die gedagtes wat uit die navorsing voortgespruit het, word saamgevat deur ’n oorsig te gee van literatuur waaruit die raamwerk vir die bestuur van komplekse sosio-ekologiese sisteme ontwikkel is. Die kern van hierdie raamwerk is die metafoor van weerstandsvermoë (“resilience”) wat, deur die gebruik van die konsep sistemiese aanpasbaarheid, die behoefte aan sowel meer sosiale as ekologiese geleenthede as die belangrikste prioriteite identifiseer. Dit is deurslaggewend in die lig van deursnee- globale uitdagings en in terme van stede as argetipiese komplekse sosio-ekologiese sisteme. In die oorsig van literatuur oor die hedendaagse stadsdinamika is daar gevind dat die sosio-ekonomiese, ruimtelike en ekologiese spanning wat stede in ontwikkelende lande kenmerk, strategieë vereis wat stadsweerstand, wat uit plaaslike sosiale en ekologiese vermoëns spruit, sal verhoog. Hierdie praktiese kwessies was die katalisator om ’n groen infrastruktuur voor te stel as die raamwerk waarbinne die gesamentlike sosiale en ekologiese waardes van groen bates ewe veel waarde dra, wat in pas is met die logiese gedagte om ’n sisteem se algehele sistemiese aanpasbaarheid te verhoog. Die teoretiese raamwerk wat ingesluit is in die literatuur wat bestudeer is, het dus na vore gekom deur die uitruil van gedagtes, debatte en praktiese benaderings tot hoe weerstandigheid geskep kan word tussen mens en natuur in die stedelike landskappe van ontwikkelende lande. Die metodologiese implikasies van ’n groen infrastruktuur-raamwerk het dit noodsaaklik gemaak om die totale ekonomiese waarde van ekosisteemdienste, as die voordele wat die samelewing deur ekosisteme ontvang, te bepaal. Die belangrikste navorsing om letterlike inligting oor Johannesburg se ekosisteemdienste aan tasbare ekonomiese waardes te verbind, moet egter nog gedoen word, en metodologieë om die stad se groen bates te evalueer moet ontwikkel word afhangende van die beskikbaarheid van inligting. Die ontwikkeling van ’n metodologie binne ’n metodologie is ’n belangrike kenmerk van hierdie tesis, wat gelei word deur die logiese gedagte dat belegging in natuurlike bates baie duidelik die totale ekonomiese waarde van ekosisteemdienste moet bepaal as algehele sistemiese weerstandsvermoë gehandhaaf wil word. Die gevolgtrekkings dui daarop dat Johannesburg nietemin in ’n unieke posisie is om finansiële voordeel uit die konsep van ’n groen infrastruktuur te trek. Op ’n teenstrydige manier het die stad se grootskaalse poging om bome aan te plant, wat gelei het tot die wêreld se grootste stedelike woud in ’n natuurlike grasvlakte, inligting gebied oor ekologiese en sosiale weerstandigheid, en dit verteenwoordig die multifunksionele waarde van groen bates as daar uitdruklik waarde daaraan geheg word. ’n Erkenning van hierdie waarde wys dat ekologiese bates verder strek as ’n openbare afgebakende oop ruimte en dat Johannesburg se groen kultuur moontlik ’n deurslaggewende rol speel om die weerstandsvermoë tussen sy mense en die natuur volhoubaar te maak. Voordat noukeurige grondnavorsing oor die verband tussen Johannesburg se groen bates en hulle gepaardgaande sosiale en ekologiese voordele egter nie uitgevoer is nie, bly hierdie bates potensiële beskrywings van weerstandsvermoë waarvan die waarde nog nie ten volle bepaal is nie. Die aanbevelings van hierdie tesis is daarom hoofsaaklik dat navorsing voortgesit word, en dat die kennisgrondslag van Johannesburg se groen bates verbreed word sodat ’n presiese evaluering van ekosisteemdienste gedoen kan word as die grondslag van sterker en empiries gestaafde redes om in die stad se groen infrastruktuur te belê.
Schulz, Paul Christopher. "The value base of water governance in the Upper Paraguay River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29548.
Повний текст джерелаLeite, Julia Rodrigues. "Corredores ecológicos na reserva da biosfera do cinturão verde de São Paulo : Possibilidades e Conflitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-12112012-133215/.
Повний текст джерелаHere is presented a proposal for the development of ecological corridors in the western sector of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region Green Belt Biosphere Reserve (RBCV). This area was delimitated under the methodology and goals of the UNESCO\'s Man and Biosphere Program. This area of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo already have a number of legal instruments and some conservation areas that are of extreme importance for the maintenance of ecological services for the Region. Between them there are fragments of Atlantic Forest in various succession stages, but under stress of further fragmentation and loss of habitats. They are until now providing ecological flows, both for biodiversity and water resources, all fundamental to the wildlife preservation and quality of the human life. This thesis aims to present the ecological corridors system obtained, that leads to discuss the conflicts, barriers and opportunities that could be taken in order to keep and enhance the flows of the ecological system in this track of the RBCV, through a landscape ecology and planning approach, with the indication of the landscape designs that could deal with the most challenging of these conflicts.The system design was based on ecological assessments of the existing landscapes, indicating areas with the more high relevance for ecological processes and connectivity. Assessments were made through the use of matrix and thematic mapping overlays. In this process, we went from the scale of regional planning to a Master Plan of a local development, which originates from the main corridor swath. We got the general layout of corridors that came out from this design process. It indicated areas with the greatest potential for conducting ecological flows, defining the main conflicts and barriers to the movements of animals and finally, allowed the delineation of the possibilities for the corridors implementation and its integration with the urban fabric and the infrastructure network that cross the whole area. The ecological and land-use and landscape information gathered could be preliminarily processed to indicate the most significant natural elements that remains, and the new elements that should be added through landscape planning and design, that could be integrated in order to resolve the barriers and conflicts, that are restraining the performance of the crucial links that can give to the RBCV its needed full implementation.
Tchuwa, Isaac. "Hydro-social permutations of water commodification in Blantyre City, Malawi." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hydrosocial-permutations-of-water-commodification-in-blantyre-city-malawi(fe5a5bc5-666f-477c-89da-cf25711e76fd).html.
Повний текст джерелаSugano, Laura Sugano. "Comparing bioretention cell and green roof performance in Parma, OH." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524338535227738.
Повний текст джерелаStrauss, Donald Parker. "Ridazz, Wrenches, and Wonks: A Revolution on Two Wheels Rolls Into Los Angeles." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1426626665.
Повний текст джерелаBass, Jessica. "The Potential and Limits of Extended Producer Responsibility: A Comparative Analysis Study." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1693.
Повний текст джерелаFeldes, Klara Katharina. "Media Discourses on the Interlinking of Rivers in India." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20334.
Повний текст джерелаIn 1954 India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed dams to be the “temples of modern India”. Based on the theses that this “developmental imagination” so visible in Nehru’s statement continues to be a prominent feature in discourses on large scale infrastructure projects in India until today, and that the media plays an important role in shaping these public discourses, the dissertation considers the question of how large scale water infrastructure schemes are covered within the Indian media landscape. To answer that question, a media analysis is conducted which focuses on the reporting on the Indian National River Linking Project (NRLP) and on two schemes being implemented under the NRLP: The Ken-Betwa and the Polavaram Dam Projects. The 168-billion-dollar NRLP project is the world’s largest water project in the making and includes the construction of several dams. It is designed to connect the majority of Indian rivers to a gigantic water grid. It is controversially debated, especially with regard of ecological and social costs. After a historical embedding of the topic, the media analysis is conducted through a choice of magazines and newspapers in a time period from 2000 until 2016. Furthermore, the dissertation incorporates a chapter based on field work in the Polavaram Dam area in order to shed light on perspectives often marginalised in the media discourses: those of the affected communities. The dissertation reveals the continuum of developmental imaginations in the discourses on India’s large scale infrastructure projects until today, points out how power hierarchies are at work with regard to who is able to participate in the discourses and who is not, and highlights narratives closely linked to ideas of nation- or statebuilding that are used by politicians within the media discourses.
Banzo, Mayté. "L'espace ouvert pour une nouvelle urbanité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618968.
Повний текст джерела