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1
Tan, Chang, Qian Wang, and Fengmin Li. "Effects of microplastics on granular sludge: A review." E3S Web of Conferences 536 (2024): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453602022.
Анотація:
Biogranules are recently regarded as promising methods with intensive density and satisfying settleability for waste treatment and resource recovery. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were regarded as “sinks” for Microplastics (MPs) and amount of MPs entrapped in the sludge. MPs have been reported to harm the granular characteristics and wastewater treatment efficiency. Previous research stated that the harmful effect on granular sludge is closely associated with the sizes and concentrations of MPs. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive summary of granular characteristics variation and further investigation of its influential mechanisms for treatment capability. This work gives informative clues for the regulation mechanisms, especially the microorganisms’ response after the exposure of MPs, and provides fundamentals for stable operation and risk control strategies using granular sludge in treating microplastics containing wastewater.
2
Jia, Shengxin, and Veronica J. Santos. "Tactile Perception for Teleoperated Robotic Exploration within Granular Media." ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459996.
Анотація:
The sense of touch is essential for locating buried objects when vision-based approaches are limited. We present an approach for tactile perception when sensorized robot fingertips are used to directly interact with granular media particles in teleoperated systems. We evaluate the effects of linear and nonlinear classifier model architectures and three tactile sensor modalities (vibration, internal fluid pressure, fingerpad deformation) on the accuracy of estimates of fingertip contact state. We propose an architecture called the Sparse-Fusion Recurrent Neural Network (SF-RNN) in which sparse features are autonomously extracted prior to fusing multimodal tactile data in a fully connected RNN input layer. The multimodal SF-RNN model achieved 98.7% test accuracy and was robust to modest variations in granular media type and particle size, fingertip orientation, fingertip speed, and object location. Fingerpad deformation was the most informative modality for haptic exploration within granular media while vibration and internal fluid pressure provided additional information with appropriate signal processing. We introduce a real-time visualization of tactile percepts for remote exploration by constructing a belief map that combines probabilistic contact state estimates and fingertip location. The belief map visualizes the probability of an object being buried in the search region and could be used for planning.
3
Vannecke, Thomas P. W., George Wells, Nathalie Hubaux, Eberhard Morgenroth, and Eveline I. P. Volcke. "Considering microbial and aggregate heterogeneity in biofilm reactor models: how far do we need to go?" Water Science and Technology 72, no. 10 (July 22, 2015): 1692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.389.
Анотація:
A model describing a given system should be as simple as possible – but not simpler. The appropriate level of complexity depends both on the type of system and on the intended use of the model. This paper addresses the critical question of which purposes justify increased complexity of biofilm (reactor) models. Additional model features compared to conventional models considered are: (1) the inclusion of microbial diversity, distinguishing between different species performing the same function; and (2) the distinction between flocs and granules in putatively granular sludge reactors. With a multispecies model considering interspecies diversity, it was demonstrated that a given macroscopic reactor performance does not necessarily reflect steady state conditions on the microscale. In a second case study, it was shown that the addition of a small level of flocs can have a significant impact on macroscale process performance and on microbial population and activity distributions in granular sludge reactors. It was concluded that increased complexity in biofilm models, concerning microbial diversity or mesoscale aggregate architecture, is likely more useful when the focus is on understanding fundamental microscale outputs, but under specific conditions, these additional model features can be critically informative for bulk reactor behavior prediction and general understanding.
4
Belyaeva, I. Yu, L. A. Ostrovsky, and V. Yu Zaitsev. "Microstructure induced nonlinearity of unconsolidated rocks as related to seismic diagnostic problems." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 4, no. 1 (March 31, 1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-4-1-1997.
Анотація:
Abstract. Manifestations of the so-called structure induced nonlinearity are considered for the case of a granular medium, the latter being a generally accepted model of nonconsolidated rocks in seismics. The consideration is carried out using the medium model in the form of the "ideal" random packing of spherical elastic granules in which the interparticle space can be filled with a fluid. A physical equation of such a medium is derived; the dependencies of nonlinear parameters on the grain material elastic moduli, the fluid compressibility and the initial medium strain are analyzed. The influence of defects in nonideal grain packings (that is, the presence of a fraction of unloaded intergranular contacts) upon the nonlinear properties of the medium is investigated. It is shown that the packing nonideality has the stronger effect on higher-order nonlinear properties. It is demonstrated that the nonlinear parameters may be used in exploration seismology as a much more sensitive and informative characteristic compared with conventionally used linear moduli.
5
Timofeeva, L. A., M. G. Tukhbatullin, and A. N. Sencha. "Ultrasonic Elastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodular Patholog." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 26, no. 4 (September 15, 2019): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2019-26-4-45-55.
Анотація:
Aim.In this study, we set out to determine the informative value of multi-parametric ultrasound examination using ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodular neoplasms.Materialsand methods. We analysed 229 multi-parametric ultrasound examinations of patients in the preoperative period in order to assess the effectiveness of strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) drawing on the example of ARFI and Strain Ratio. Two patient groups were formed. The fi rst group (N1=93) included patients with thyroid cancer, whereas the second one (N2=136) was composed of patients with benign thyroid nodules (thyroid adenoma and follicular or colloid goitre). The control group consisted of 174 patients with unchanged thyroid parenchyma. SE visualised tissue elasticity as a colour map. Shear wave elastography (SWE) — ARFI and Strain Ratio techniques — was performed using the following ultrasonic apparatuses: Acuson S-2000 (Siemens, Germany), Ultrasonix SP (Sonix, Canada) and Mindray DC-8 (Mindray, China).Results.According to the obtained data (SE technique), the parenchyma of the unchanged thyroid gland exhibited heterogeneous, uneven fi ne / moderately granular, symmetrical staining (96.6%). Thyroid cancer was characterised by a shear wave velocity (ARFI) of greater than 3.57 m/s, as well as a density ratio (elasticity modulus and Strain Ratio) of more than 1.56.Conclusion.The study revealed that the application of ultrasound elastography is highly informative in the comprehensive diagnosis of thyroid nodular neoplasms and should be used when thyroid cancer is suspected to ascertain the size of nodules, as well as the tumour invasion into surrounding tissues.
6
Hung, Tawny, Richard Ian Crawford, and Magdalena Martinka. "Degree of Histologic Inflammation in Lupus Erythematosus and Direct Immunofluorescence Results: Red and Inflamed Lesions Do Not Increase the Chances of Getting a Bright Band." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 17, no. 1 (January 2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2012.12032.
Анотація:
Background: In the diagnostic work-up of lupus erythematosus (LE), direct immunofluoresence (DIF) examination could be helpful. Classically, clinically red lesions are targeted by clinicians in the hope of yielding an informative DIF result. However, the investigative correlation between the degree of inflammation and DIF positivity has never been published in the literature. Objective: In this study, we sought to discover if histologically inflamed lesions correlated with DIF positivity results. Method: We studied 112 lesions histologically consistent with LE and correlated the degree of histologic inflammation on the DIF hematoxylin and eosin-stained biopsy with DIF positivity. The degree and location of the inflammation, as well as the involvement of the dermoepidermal interface, were documented. Results: A positive lupus band test was defined as the presence of either (1) granular IgG alone ± other immunoglobulins and/or C3 or (2) granular IgM or Ig A plus other immunoglobulins ± C3. Fifty-four of 112 (48%) cases had positive DIF (DIF+) results, 26 of 112 (23%) had negative DIF (DIF-) results, and 32 of 112 (29%) had nonspecific DIF patterns. Of the DIF+ cases, 41 of 54 (76%) showed some degree of inflammation, whereas 25 of 26 (96%) DIF- cases had inflammation ( p − .60). Most of the biopsies in the study (85%) were inflamed, but the degree and location of the inflammation had no influence on DIF+ results. The intensity of the DIF+ band further failed to show any relationship with the degree of inflammation. Conclusion: The level of inflammatory activity in a clinical lesion fails to correlate with DIF positivity. Furthermore, other common histopathologic findings of LE are not predictive of DIF results.
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Fasan, Annette, Wolfgang Kern, Claudia Haferlach, Torsten Haferlach, and Susanne Schnittger. "STAT3 Mutations in Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1606.1606.
Анотація:
Abstract Abstract 1606 Introduction: Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL leukemia) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of increased numbers of LGL cells in the peripheral blood. Discrimination of LGL leukemia and reactive T-cell processes is difficult and a matter of controversial discussion. Very recently, somatic STAT3 mutations located in the Src homology 2 domain (SH2 domain) have been described with a high frequency of 40% in T-cell LGL (T-LGL) leukemia (Koskela et al., 2012) and 30% in chronic NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD-NK) (Jerez et al., Blood 2012) enabling the distinction of truly malignant lymphoproliferative diseases involving T- and NK- cells from reactive processes. Aim: Analysis of frequency and prognostic impact of STAT3 mutations in a cohort of 65 patients with LGL leukemia in comparison to 88 cases with other T-cell malignancies (70 non-LGL T-cell lymphoma and 18 with T-ALL) and 47 cases with non detectable lymphoma as a validation study for the usefulness of this new marker in diagnostics. Patients and Methods: Screening for STAT3 mutations was performed by direct Sanger sequencing of SH2 domain containing exon 21 in a total cohort of 65 patients with LGL leukemia (T-LGL leukemia: n=62; CLPD-NK: n=3). The detection limit of this analysis was 1:10 allowing the detection of 1 mutated in a background of 10 wildtype alleles. T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangements were assessed by multiplex PCR with subsequent fragment analysis. Diagnosis of T-LGL leukemia was based on the following WHO criteria: a monoclonal T-cell receptor (TCR)-Rearrangement, the presence of an abnormal CTL population with expression of CD3, CD8 and CD57 detected by flow cytometry and LGL count by peripheral blood smear of >2×109/L (however, cases with LGL < 2×109/L but which met all other criteria were counted as consistent with the diagnosis T-LGL leukemia). Each patient must have met at least two of these criteria to be included into the study. Diagnosis of CLPD-NK was equally based on WHO criteria. The cohort was composed of 28 males and 37 females. Median age was 65.5 years (range: 38.2 to 89.7 years). For comparison, we analyzed 88 cases with other T-cell malignancies (70 with non-LGL T-cell lymphoma and 18 cases with T-ALL) and 47 cases with non detectable lymphoma. Results: Overall, in 39/62 T-LGL leukemia cases (62.9%) STAT3 mutations were detected. All mutations were point mutations. 7 different mutations were observed, with Tyr640Phe (n=16) and Asp661Tyr (n=12) accounting for 71.8% of all mutations detected. One patient harbored two mutations (Asn647Ile and Tyr640Phe). There was no association of STAT3 mutations with age, gender, leukocyte count, hemoglobin level and platelet count in T-LGL leukemia cases. In 50 T-LGL leukemia cases immunophenotyping data was available and cases with STAT3 mutations (n=31) had a higher expression of CD3 (75±20% vs. 50±37%, p<0.0015) and TCRαβ (68±18% vs. 44±19%, p<0.001) as well as lower expression of CD56 (7±8% vs. 25±26%, p=0.009) compared to STAT3 wildtype cases. Of note, all STAT3 mutated cases had a detectable TCR rearrangement at molecular level. Furthermore, of three analyzed CLPD-NK cases, two patients harbored STAT3 mutations (66.7%). Interestingly, one patient had an insertion of one aa (Tyr657dup), a mutation not observed in our T-LGL leukemias. However, due to the limited CLPD-NK cases available, the validity of this data is constricted. Of note, no STAT3 mutations were identified in the cohort of 135 cases diagnosed with non-LGL T-cell lymphoma, T-ALL or non detectable lymphoma. We were also interested whether STAT3 mutations were of any prognostic impact for T-LGL leukemia patients. However, due to limited follow-up information and the generally good prognosis of LGL leukemia, survival analysis was not informative yet. Conclusions: We were able to confirm the presence of STAT3 mutations in T-LGL as published by Koskela et al., 2012, with an even higher frequency of 62.9%. The discovery of STAT3 mutations in T-LGL leukemia has significant diagnostic value since it allows with high specificity to distinguish LGL leukemia from other T-cell lymphomas and reactive conditions. This can strongly support immunophenotyping and morphology in diagnosing T-LGL leukemia. Regarding CLPD-NK STAT3 mutations significantly improve diagnostic capabilities, which have been hampered by the scarcity of genetic markers in this entity. Disclosures: Fasan: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership. Schnittger:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership.
8
Kao, Szu-Yu Zoe, M. Shane Tutwiler, Donatus U. Ekwueme, and Benedict I. Truman. "Better data for decision-making through Bayesian imputation of suppressed provisional COVID-19 death counts." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 3, 2023): e0288961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288961.
Анотація:
Purpose To facilitate use of timely, granular, and publicly available data on COVID-19 mortality, we provide a method for imputing suppressed COVID-19 death counts in the National Center for Health Statistic’s 2020 provisional mortality data by quarter, county, and age. Methods We used a Bayesian approach to impute suppressed COVID-19 death counts by quarter, county, and age in provisional data for 3,138 US counties. Our model accounts for multilevel data structures; numerous zero death counts among persons aged <50 years, rural counties, early quarters in 2020; highly right-skewed distributions; and different levels of data granularity (county, state or locality, and national levels). We compared three models with different prior assumptions of suppressed COVID-19 deaths, including noninformative priors (M1), the same weakly informative priors for all age groups (M2), and weakly informative priors that differ by age (M3) to impute the suppressed death counts. After the imputed suppressed counts were available, we assessed three prior assumptions at the national, state/locality, and county level, respectively. Finally, we compared US counties by two types of COVID-19 death rates, crude (CDR) and age-standardized death rates (ASDR), which can be estimated only through imputing suppressed death counts. Results Without imputation, the total COVID-19 death counts estimated from the raw data underestimated the reported national COVID-19 deaths by 18.60%. Using imputed data, we overestimated the national COVID-19 deaths by 3.57% (95% CI: 3.37%-3.80%) in model M1, 2.23% (95% CI: 2.04%-2.43%) in model M2, and 2.96% (95% CI: 2.76%-3.16%) in model M3 compared with the national report. The top 20 counties that were most affected by COVID-19 mortality were different between CDR and ASDR. Conclusions Bayesian imputation of suppressed county-level, age-specific COVID-19 deaths in US provisional data can improve county ASDR estimates and aid public health officials in identifying disparities in deaths from COVID-19.
9
Hefni, Yasser Kamal. "Hydrophobic Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites for Consolidation and Protection of Quartzite Sculptures: A Case Study." Journal of Nano Research 63 (June 2020): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.63.64.
Анотація:
Quartzite sculptures are considered some of the most impressive and informative archaeological remains which have been found in the most of Egyptian archaeological sites. Regrettably, quartzite sculptures suffer from many deterioration aspects such as granular disintegration, scaling, cracking, efflorescence, soiling, microbiological colonization. Water is the main aggressive deterioration factor of stones and stone-based monuments, as in addition to its direct role in deterioration mechanisms, it plays as a catalyst in the physicochemical and microbiological deterioration processes.During the last two decades, polymer nanocomposites have widely been applied in the field of cultural heritage conservation due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are among the most important semiconductive nanomaterials that have been applied in the fabrication of nanocomposites. They have been demonstrated to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers. In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with polymers in order to fabricate superhydrophobic and self-cleaning protective materials.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanocomposites, in order to select the best of them for the consolidation and protection of a colossal quartzite statue of Ramesses II. The properties of the treated quartzite samples were comparatively examined by colourimetric measurements, static water contact angle, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscope.
10
Gresser, Melissa, Dominik Brehl, Marc David Rabe, and Bernard Bäker. "Optimization of the Design of Diagnostic Systems through Requirement-Based Feature Selection." International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (June 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeee.9.2.26-35.
Анотація:
The classification of faults based on available diagnostic information in large complex mechatronic systems is a well-studied research subject. One challenge is the classification of faults with missing or ambiguous diagnostic information present. In real-world applications, this has the effect of misclassified faults, resulting in costly replacements of functional components. As even the acquisition of diagnostic information is afflicted with costs and part of the diagnostic functions are mandatory, the design of diagnostic content at an early system development stage is essential. The paper presents a procedure to automatically allocate a set of diagnostic functions for a complex mechatronic system that is informative and low in costs. It proposes a granular graph structure called the Diagnostic Cover Graph (DCG) to represent the system functionalities and the respective diagnostic functions. The DCG can represent restrictions on the availability of functionalities, restrictions on the executability of diagnostic functions and potential interdependence between them. On its basis, a decision table is generated, and a minimal test cost feature selection method such as the Test-Cost-Sensitive Quick Reduct (TCSQR) is conducted. The approach guarantees the proposal of a close-to-optimal subset of diagnostic functions. The capability of the presented procedure is demonstrated for the vehicle brake system for several diagnostic scenarios.
11
Banfi, Fabrizio. "HBIM, 3D drawing and virtual reality for archaeological sites and ancient ruins." Virtual Archaeology Review 11, no. 23 (July 8, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12416.
Анотація:
<p class="VARAbstract">Data collection, documentation and analysis of the traces of ancient ruins and archaeological sites represent an inestimable value to be handed down to future generations. Thanks to the development of new technologies in the field of computer graphics, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR) and three-dimensional (3D) digital survey, this research proposes new levels of interactivity between users and virtual environments capable of communicating the tangible and intangible values of remains of ancient ruins. In this particular field of development, 3D drawing and digital modelling are based on the application of new Scan-to-HBIM-to-VR specifications capable of transforming simple points (point clouds) into mathematical models and digital information. Thanks to the direct application of novel grades of generation (GOG) and accuracy (GOA) it has been possible to go beyond the creation of complex models for heritage BIM (HBIM) and explore the creation of informative 3D representation composed by sub-elements (granular HBIM objects) characterized by a further level of knowledge. The value of measurement, 3D drawing and digital modelling have been investigated from the scientific point of view and oriented to the generation of a holistic model able to relate both with architects, engineers, and surveyors but also with archaeologists, restorers and virtual tourists.</p><p>Highlights:</p><ul><li><p>The concept of ‘granular HBIM objects’ is introduced to show the unexpressed potential of the scan-to-BIM process for different types of data analyses and uses.</p></li><li><p>Sustainable development of VR projects for archaeological sites is proposed, allowing users to discover the hidden historical values with new levels of interactivity and information.</p></li><li><p>HBIM and VR projects have been improved through the integration of laser scanning, digital photogrammetry (terrestrial and UAV) and advanced modelling techniques.</p></li></ul>
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Niftaliev, Sabukhi I., Yuriy S. Peregudov, Olga A. Kozaderova, and Kseniya B. Kim. "ENTHALPY OF INTERACTION OF ION-EXCHANGE HETEROGENEOUS MEMBRANES AND THEIR GRANULAR ANALOGUES WITH AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTION." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165907.5391.
Анотація:
Ion-exchange membranes are widely used for extraction, separation and concentration of aqueous nitrogen-containing solutions. In the study the heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes of cationic type- MK-40, Ralex CM (H) -PP, MK-41 – and anionic type - MA-41, Ralex AM (H) -PP and also their granular analogues – cation exchanger KУ-2·8 and anion exchanger AB-17·8 were used. Sorption of nitrate ions and ammonium ions was conducted from the ammonium nitrate solution with concentration of 0.012 mole / dm³. To determine sorption thermochemical characteristics of the studied ions the calorimetric method was used. It was found that for all the studied types of membranes and ion exchangers the processes were accompanied by heat evolution. From the calorimetric measurements the thermokinetic interaction curves of cation-exchange membranes and KУ-2×8 with the ammonium nitrate solution and anion-exchange membranes and AB-17×8 with the solution of the same salt were obtained. According to the curves the power of heat evolution and time of the process were determined. It was shown that the ion exchangers KУ-2·8 and AB-17·8 are characterized by a longer time to achieve the maximum of heat evolution and process time than for the similar membranes. This fact is explained by the different number and accessibility of the functional groups in the membranes and ion exchangers. From the thermo-kinetic curves the enthalpies of interaction were calculated. The process of the interaction between the granular ion exchangers and ions is characterized by higher values of the enthalpy than for the membranes which large steric effects are common for. Saline concentration, nature of exchangeable ions and type of functional groups of the ion exchanger and also its moisture content influence the enthalpy value. Experimental calorimetric data indicated that the energy costs connected with the effects of dehydration and conformational changes in the sorbent polymer chains do not overlap the exothermic sorption effect. The calorimetric method is informative to determine the nature and mechanism of sorption.
13
Battiwalla, Minoo, Paul K. Wallace, Laurie A. Ford, and Maria R. Baer. "Clinical and Pathological Presentation of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Proliferations (T-LGL): A Single Institution Experience." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3865.3865.
Анотація:
Abstract Proliferations of T-cell large granular lymphocytes (T-LGL) are a rare and heterogeneous disease entity characterized by a chronic course, cytopenias and circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We present the results of a single institution retrospective review of the clinical presentation of T-LGL proliferations. A total of 23 patients evaluated for cytopenias were identified as having T-LGL by flow cytometry, ten male and thirteen female, with a median age of 67 years at diagnosis. Twelve patients had a prior malignancy (non-Hodgkins lymphoma=4, MDS/AML=4, breast cancer=2, squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the skin =2, lung SCC=1, vocal cord SCC=1, uterine cancer=1) and five patients had a history of autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis=2, vasculitis=1, polyarthritis=1, Wegener’s granulomatosis=1), while seven patients had no previous history of autoimmune disease or malignancy. Four patients with prior malignancy had active disease and this led to death in three. Of the twelve patients informative for T-cell receptor gene rearrangements, clonal populations were found in eight. All patients who had cytopenias requiring treatment were initially treated with cyclosporine monotherapy, with the further addition of growth factors if necessary. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of blood or bone marrow aspirates revealed that patients with a prior history of systemic malignancy had the common immunophenotype of CD3+(h), CD8+(h), CD2+, CD5+, CD7(h), CD56(h), CD57+, CD38+, CD16−. In contrast, patients who did not have a prior history of malignancy were CD3+, CD8+, CD2+, CD5+, CD7+, CD56+/−, CD57+, CD38+/(h), CD16+/− (h=heterogeneous). Thus patients with a prior malignancy had more heterogeneous expression of the T-cell markers CD3, CD8 and CD7 and were less likely to express CD16. We conclude that prior malignancy is more common in patients with T-LGL proliferations than previously recognized, may be twice as frequent as autoimmune disease in association with T-LGL and may have a distinct immunophenotype. Our data suggest that malignant cells may induce proliferations of T-LGL.
14
Chen, Dung-Tsa, Wenyaw Chan, Zachary J. Thompson, Ram Thapa, Amer A. Beg, Andreas N. Saltos, Alberto A. Chiappori, et al. "Utilization of target lesion heterogeneity for treatment efficacy assessment in late stage lung cancer." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): e0252041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252041.
Анотація:
Rationale Recent studies have discovered several unique tumor response subgroups outside of response classification by Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST), such as mixed response and oligometastasis. These subtypes have a distinctive property, lesion heterogeneity defined as diversity of tumor growth profiles in RECIST target lesions. Furthermore, many cancer clinical trials have been activated to evaluate various treatment options for heterogeneity-related subgroups (e.g., 29 trials so far listed in clinicaltrials.gov for cancer patients with oligometastasis). Some of the trials have shown survival benefit by tailored treatment strategies. This evidence presents the unmet need to incorporate lesion heterogeneity to improve RECIST response classification. Method An approach for Lesion Heterogeneity Classification (LeHeC) was developed using a contemporary statistical approach to assess target lesion variation, characterize patient treatment response, and translate informative evidence to improving treatment strategy. A mixed effect linear model was used to determine lesion heterogeneity. Further analysis was conducted to classify various types of lesion variation and incorporate with RECIST to enhance response classification. A study cohort of 110 target lesions from 36 lung cancer patients was used for evaluation. Results Due to small sample size issue, the result was exploratory in nature. By analyzing RECIST target lesion data, the LeHeC approach detected a high prevalence (n = 21; 58%) of lesion heterogeneity. Subgroup classification revealed several informative distinct subsets in a descending order of lesion heterogeneity: mix of progression and regression (n = 7), mix of progression and stability (n = 9), mix of regression and stability (n = 5), and non-heterogeneity (n = 15). Evaluation for association of lesion heterogeneity and RECIST best response classification showed lesion heterogeneity commonly occurred in each response group (stable disease: 16/27; 59%; partial response: 3/5; 60%; progression disease: 2/4; 50%). Survival analysis showed a differential trend of overall survival between heterogeneity and non-heterogeneity in RECIST response groups. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate lesion heterogeneity, an underappreciated metric, for RECIST application in oncology clinical trials. Results indicated lesion heterogeneity is not an uncommon event. The LeHeC approach could enhance RECIST response classification by utilizing granular lesion level discovery of heterogeneity.
15
Chekhovska, G. S. "ROLE OF DERMATOSCOPY IN CHRONIC DERMATOSES DIAGNOSIS." International Medical Journal, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2020-2-11.
Анотація:
Dermatoscopy is a valuable auxiliary non−invasive method used in the diagnosis of inflammatory, parasitic and viral skin diseases. Treatment of dermatoses is based on the results of analysis of melanin, follicular−horny and vascular components. Diagnosis begins with polarized dermatoscopy and then progresses to non−polarized using immersion fluid. At dermatoscopic inspection of a psoriatic plaque the point vessels evenly distributed along all the surface (a symptom of "scattered red pepper") are noted. Eczema is characterized by focal accumulation of blood vessels in the form of dots, peeling, yellowish crusts. Examination of discoid lupus erythematosus foci often reveals individual linear or branched vessels, their location is random. Red herpes zoster is dermatoscopically characterized by vascular structures in the form of large granular horny plugs of whitish color with a pearly sheen. The most informative is dermatoscopy in the differential diagnosis of erythematous form of rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. On the erythematous background, dilated vessels around the sebaceous hair follicles, large vascular polygons formed from vessels thicker than in healthy skin and seborrheic dermatitis are found. At inspection of the fresh centers of a sclero−atrophic lichen diffuse unstructured zones of white color with a peripheral erythematous corolla and with numerous light comedic structures on a surface are visualized. At dermatoscopy of the Little − Lassueur syndrome in follicular papules on skin gray, violet points located in the form of a circle are noted. Dermatoscopy is increasingly used in dermatology, especially in the differential diagnosis of dermatoses of inflammatory and parasitic nature.
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Brumana, R., P. Condoleo, A. Grimoldi, and M. Previtali. "TOWARDS A SEMANTIC BASED HUB PLATFORM OF VAULTED SYSTEMS: HBIM MEETS A GEODB." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-301-2019.
Анотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the last years many efforts have been invested in the cultural heritage digitization: surveying, modelling, diagnostic analysis and historic data collection. Nowadays, this effort is finalized in many cases towards the Historical Building Information Modelling. The number of informative models testifying the multifaceted richness and unicity of the architectural heritage and its components is progressively increasing. Information and Model are generally acquired under researches and analysis phases addressed to the preservation and restoration process. Unfortunately, once concluded the research such documentation is mostly left abandoned in the drawers or in the local memory of the computers, and in some cases totally missed. Just a few of them are saved in a server or in the cloud for the duration of the restoration, but without any connection with the maintenance process of historic architectures or knowledge transfer purposes and dissemination. This data loss would lead to the breaking of the cycle of past, present and future, with loss of memory and knowledge. The paper start facing the aspect of managing the information and models acquired on the case of vaulted systems. Information is collected within a semantic based hub platform to perform cross co-relation at a PanEuropean level. Such functionality allows to reconstruct the rich history of the construction techniques and skilled workers across Europe, enriched by 3 case studies surveyed in Prague region. To this purpose a Vault DB has been undertaken with a Vocabulary enriched by the granular information gained from the HBIM models, and with the vault sub-typologies highlighted by a detailed surveying.</p>
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PIWOWARCZYK, RENATA, KAROLINA RURAŻ, YULIYA KRASYLENKO, JUSTYNA KASIŃSKA, and ÓSCAR SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA. "Seed micromorphology of representatives of holoparasitic Orobanchaceae genera from the Caucasus region and its taxonomic significance." Phytotaxa 432, no. 3 (February 12, 2020): 223–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.3.1.
Анотація:
Obligate parasitic plant species from the Orobanchaceae family belong to the most critical genera of world flora. Due to their strongly reduced vegetative organ architecture, there arise many difficulties and mistakes in species identification, and extra characteristics of systematic importance are required. Seed micromorphology is a highly informative taxonomic criterion that helps to resolve ambiguities in plant taxonomy and evolution, and has proved to be a valuable complementary tool for Orobanchaceae species identification. In this study, seeds of 43 holoparasitic species from the Cistanche, Diphelypaea, Orobanche and Phelipanche genera collected in the Caucasus were subjected to micromorphological analysis. The Caucasus is one of the most important centres of world biodiversity, with many endangered and endemic parasitic plants. Twenty two quantitative/qualitative micromorphological seed parameters were analysed using stereo ZOOM, confocal scanning laser (CLSM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. Three types of seed were established based on periclinal wall ornamentation: 1) clearly pitted sculpturing in all Cistanche, Diphelypaea, and most Orobanche seeds; 2) fibrillar and veined sculpturing in Phelipanche seeds; and 3) smooth, granular or rugged (very rarely visibly pitted) outer periclinal wall in O. coerulescens and O. colorata seeds. However, CLSM, used in present studies for Orobanchaceae seeds for the first time, revealed more details of wall lignification and ornamentation invisible in SEM images. The best micromorphological characteristics for species identification are the type of ornamentation of the periclinal wall, the width of anticlinal wall, the character of perforation, perforation length and width, the fibrillar character, and fibrillar and vein width. A comparison of the main characteristics distinguishing the seeds of Orobanchaceae is also presented and discussed.
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Bou-Sarkis, Abdo, Etienne Paul, Elisabeth Girbal-Neuhauser, Nicolas Derlon, and Yolaine Bessiere. "Detection of Gel-Forming Polymers via Calcium Crosslinking, Applied to the Screening of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Extracted from Biological Aggregates." Gels 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020157.
Анотація:
The valorization of biological aggregates through the extraction of hydrogel-forming polymers can enhance the economics and sustainability of various processes in which bacteria are involved in organic waste transformation, such as wastewater treatment. Achieving these goals requires the development of a method capable of detecting the presence of gel-forming polymers in complex mixtures containing biopolymers that are most often unknown and uncharacterized. A miniaturized screening method capable of detecting gelation via ionic crosslinking using only 1 to 3 mg of the tested samples (commercial molecules or extracellular polymeric substances, EPSs) is proposed. The method consists of calculating a percentage of reactivity (%R) through UV-vis spectra and determining the percentage of gel volume (%Vg) formed after the addition of calcium. Both factors were combined to give a gelling factor (GF), and the test was applied to pure commercial molecules (BSA, DNA, alginate (ALV), and a mixture of them), allowing the classification of the following solutions according to their gel-forming capacity: GF(ALV) > GF(ALV+DNA) > GF(BSA+ALV+DNA) > GF(BSA+ALV) > GF(DNA) > GF(BSA+DNA) > GF(BSA). As a relevant tool for screening hydrogel-forming solutions, the method was applied to the EPS extracted from aerobic granular sludge. The EPS (0.5% w/v) had a GF of 0.16 ± 0.03, equivalent to approximately half of the GF of ALV (0.38 ± 0.02 at 0.5% w/v). The developed test pushes the limits of the existing gel-detection techniques because it allows for quicker, less consuming, and more informative gelation detection through the use of simple methods that do not require sophisticated equipment.
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Zhang, Yue, Jincheng Shen, Tina M. Willson, Edward A. Stenehjem, Tamar F. Barlam, Mari-Lynn Drainoni, Ellen Childs, et al. "145. Comparing Antibiotic Use Across Inpatient Facilities with Different Antibiotic Stewardship Typologies using Machine Learning and Joint Modeling Approach." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.347.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Hospital antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) aim to promote the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics) and play a critical role in controlling antibiotic costs and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection risk, and improving patient outcomes. However, unlike other health care quality improvement intervention programs, the ASP implementation strategies vary among healthcare facilities, and little is known about whether different types of ASP implementation will lead to the shifting of antibiotic drug use from one class to another. Methods We proposed an analytical framework using unsupervised machine learning and joint model approach to 1) develop a typology of ASP strategies in facilities from the Veterans Health Administration, America’s largest integrated health care system; and 2) simultaneously evaluate the impacts of different ASP types on the annual antibiotic use rates across multiple drug classes. The unsupervised machine learning method was used to leverage the structural components in the surveys conducted by the Veteran Affair (VA) Healthcare Analysis and Information group and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research experts from Boston University, and reveal the underlying ASP patterns in the VA facilities in 2016. Results We identified 4 groups in the VA facilities in terms of enthusiasm and implementation level of antibiotic control in our ASP typology. We found the facilities with high implementation level and high enthusiasm in ASP and those with high implementation level but low enthusiasm had statistically significant 30% (p-value=0.002) and 22% (p-value=0.031) lower antibiotic use rates in broad-spectrum agents used for community infections, respectively than those with low implementation level and low enthusiasm. However, the facilities with high implementation and high enthusiasm also marginally increased antibiotic use rates in beta-lactam antibiotics (p-value=0.096). Conclusion The developed analytical framework in the study provided an approach to the granular assessment of the impact of the healthcare intervention programs and might be informative for future health service policy development. Disclosures Matthew B. Goetz, MD, Nothing to disclose
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Cunningham, Eoghan M., and Julia D. Sigwart. "Environmentally Accurate Microplastic Levels and Their Absence from Exposure Studies." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 6 (May 24, 2019): 1485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz068.
Анотація:
Abstract Microplastics (synthetic polymers; <5 mm) are ubiquitous, in the environment and in the news. The associated effects of microplastics on flora and fauna are currently only established through laboratory-based exposure trials; however, such studies have come under scrutiny for employing excessive concentrations with little environmental relevance. This critical review is intended to summarize key issues and approaches for those who are considering the need for local microplastics research, both in terms of environmental pollution and the impacts on aquatic species. A meta-analysis of results from published experimental (n = 128) and environmental (n = 180) studies allowed us to compare the reported impacts from experiments that expose organisms to microplastics, and the concentrations of environmental microplastics found in the wild. The results of this meta-analysis highlight three issues that should be modified in future work (1) use of extreme dosages, (2) incompatible and incomparable units, and (3) the problem of establishing truly informative experimental controls. We found that 5% of exposure trials examined did not use any control treatment, and 82% use dramatically elevated dosages without reference to environmental concentrations. Early studies in this field may have been motivated to produce unequivocal impacts on organisms, rather than creating a robust, environmentally relevant framework. Some of the reported impacts suggest worrying possibilities, which can now inspire more granular experiments. The existing literature on the extent of plastic pollution also has limited utility for accurately synthesizing broader trends, as has been raised in previous reviews; environmental extraction studies use many different units, among which only 76% (139/180) could be plausibly converted for comparison. Future research should adopt the units of microparticles/kg (of sediment) or mp/L (of fluid) to improve comparability. Now that the global presence of microplastic pollution is well established, with more than a decade of research, new studies should focus on comparative aspects rather than the presence of microplastics. Robustly designed, controlled, hypothesis-driven experiments based on environmentally relevant concentrations are needed now to understand our future in the new plastic world.
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AL- Mudallal, Subh S., and Huda N. Jasim. "Evaluation of Bcl 2 and Ki 67 expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 54, no. 4 (January 2, 2013): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.544698.
Анотація:
Background :Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a low-grade B-lineage lymphoid malignancy. Both Ki-67 which is a large nuclear protein associated with cell proliferation and Bcl-2 which is an anti-apoptotic protein which is associated with dysregulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway , were thoroughly investigated in many cancer patients particularly in hemopoietic malignancies .
Patients, materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted from November 2009 to May 2010 , on fifty formaline fixed paraffin embedded blocks of CLL cases retrieved from Medical City Teaching Hospital ; their age range was 39-75 years along with twenty control cases with benign reactive marrow , The sections of bone marrow biopsies were processed routinely in Al-Kadimiya teaching hospital laboratory and stained with H&E and the expression of Bcl2 and Ki67 was evaluated by light microscope. Smears stained for Bcl2 were classified according to the scoring system used by Soini Y,et al. ,whereas those stained for ki67 were evaluated by estimation the percentage of positive stained nuclei in the smears as was adopted by Diop S,et al.
Results : Immunohistochemical staining of CLL cases revealed that 11/50 cases (22%) were positive for Ki67 showing diffuse or granular nuclear brown stain , whereas all control cases were negative for the marker . Those positive cases significantly correlate with modified Rai system , Hb concentration and platelet count ,but they did not significantly correlate with white blood cell count or lymphocyte % in the bone marrow and peripheral blood smears . Regarding Bcl 2 , 32/50 cases(64%) were positive for the marker showing diffuse cytoplasmic brown reaction ,however no significant correlation was found between Bcl2 score and modified Rai system or with any of the mentioned hematological parameters .Finally , there was no significant correlation between Ki67 and Bcl2 expression .
Conclusions: The proliferative marker Ki-67 expression closely related to the clinical stage of CLL patients , thus it could be considered as an informative and simple tool for assessing disease activity . On the other hand ,although Bcl2 expression was high in CLL patients but it did not related with the clinical stage of those patients . Finally . Ki67 and Bcl2 were independent markers and no correlation was found between them as they act on different pathways since ki67 is a proliferative and Bcl2 is an antiapoptotic marker.
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Baymatov, Valery N., and Galiya R. Shakirova. "Reactive changes in connective tissue structures in peripheral nerve of sheep with liver pathology." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 4, no. 113 (2023): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202304002.
Анотація:
Experimental studies were carried out on sheep using a tetramethane model of hepatosis. Ultrastructural data made it possible to characterize morphofunctional changes in peripheral nerves in sheep, in particular, in myelinated and non-myelinated fibers, neurolemmocytes, and connective tissue structures. The pathological process in the peripheral nervous system initiates a combined pathology of the abdominal organs. This is due to the commonality of their innervation with the dorsal and ventral vagus, celiac, phrenic nerves, and branches of the solar plexus. A decrease in the trophic function of the nerves leads to morphological changes in the pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, stomach, and small intestine, which were recorded at the ultrastructural level. As a result, hypoxia, energy and plastic insecurity occur, which leads to destructive processes that involve neurolemmocytes, nerve fibers, neurocytes, connective tissue cells and collagen fibers. Structural and functional changes in sheep, with experimental hepatosis, contribute to quantitative and qualitative changes in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, swelling and detachment of the karyolemma. Destruction of organelles depends on the intimate processes of cytolysis. At the same time, the connective tissue in the peripheral nerves suffers significantly, and its functional state largely determines the reactivity of the body. It accumulates various substances. An ultrastructural study of clinically healthy animals shows that in the peripheral nerves, in addition to the nerve components, bundles of collagen fibers form a large volume, where they form a dense tie, passing in different directions. Each of them consists of thinner fibrils, which in turn are bundles of subfibrils. Among the fibers are fibroblasts, which have a different degree of differentiation. Thus, mature fibroblasts have a welldeveloped granular endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes, with an actively functioning Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and few microfilaments. In pathology, the qualitative composition of fibroblasts changes, lysis of collagen fibers occurs, and communication with neurolemmocytes is lost. At the same time, fibroblasts strengthen contacts with each other. Such contacts between two, three or more fibroblasts are often seen. Others are located next to vascular endothelial cells and pericytes. Apparently, in pathology, fibroblasts require an informative field for the overall coordination of adaptive processes. On the other hand, it is known that fibroblasts begin to produce IL-1, which affects many processes in the body, in particular, it changes the synthetic functions. This is probably why the connective tissue framework in peripheral nerves changes, and their decay, in turn, stimulates the production of IL-1 by fibroblasts. The latter not only destroys connective tissue elements, but also activates the secretion of collagenase, the processes of proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts. Fibroblasts activated by IL1 produce PGE2.
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Zhang, Ze, Brock C. Christensen, and Lucas A. Salas. "Abstract 1212: ExTIME: Extended tumor immune micro-environment cell mixture deconvolution using DNA methylation and a novel tumor-site-specific hierarchical approach." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1212.
Анотація:
Abstract Background: The solid tumor microenvironment is heterogeneous and varies in composition by tumor type. Previous gene expression and DNA methylation deconvolution approaches for tumor micro-environment have had some success for major cell types. However, existing methods lack specificity to tumor type and detailed cell types. We developed 21 tumor-specific DNA methylation-based libraries. We employed a novel hierarchical approach in 3 major tumor microenvironment components (tumor, angiogenic, immune) to profile 17 cell types (see methods below). Methods: DNA methylation data on tumor samples (n=6183) and normal control samples (n=689) for 21 tumor sites were downloaded from GEO and TCGA to develop tumor-type-specific libraries. The top 1000 most informative differentially methylated CpG (DMC) sites were identified using InfiniumPurify for 21 tumor types to project tumor cell proportion. Epithelial, endothelial, and stromal cell samples were used to identify DMCs to profile the cells in the angiogenic environment. Basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, dendritic cell, monocyte, B naïve, B memory, CD4T naïve, CD4T memory, CD8T naïve, CD8T memory, T regulatory, and natural killer cells were used to identify DMCs to deconvolve the immune environment. In conjunction with the constrained projection/quadratic programming approach, a novel hierarchical approach was employed with six layers and 12 libraries per tumor type to project cell proportions in first, tumor, second, angiogenic, and third, immune micro-environments. The method was validated using purified samples and experimental artificial mixtures. Results: 12 libraries were developed per tumor site to deconvolve 17 cell types in 21 tumors. A preliminary application of the method on TCGA data investigating the association between angiogenic cells and survival revealed worse survival outcomes with a higher proportion of angiogenic cell proportions in BLCA (p<0.01) and HNSC (p=0.02), a higher endothelial cell proportion in CESC (p=0.04), a higher epithelial cell proportion in COAD (p=0.02), a lower endothelial proportion in KIRC (p<0.01), and a lower epithelial proportion in LUAD (p=0.04). Further analyses will be done to investigate the angiogenic and immune microenvironments with prognosis across tumor sites. Conclusion: We developed a DNA methylation-based algorithm, ExTIME, to estimate cell proportions in the tumor microenvironments. This novel approach increased the specificity and accuracy of cell projection by employing a tumor-site-specific hierarchical model. Furthermore, the ExTIME profiles the tumor microenvironment to the most granular level compared to the existing methods. ExTIME’s capability of depicting the cellular composition in tumors promises a better understanding of the cell heterogeneity and its relationship with prognosis across cancers. Citation Format: Ze Zhang, Brock C. Christensen, Lucas A. Salas. ExTIME: Extended tumor immune micro-environment cell mixture deconvolution using DNA methylation and a novel tumor-site-specific hierarchical approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1212.
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Lychman, V. O., M. G. Skikevich, L. I. Voloshyna, V. M. Havryl’iev, and D. S. Avetikov. "CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REGENERATIVE PROCESSES IN PURULENT WOUND DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF SURGERY (MORNING EVENING) AND CHRONOTYPE OF PATIENTS (MORNING AND EVENING CHRONOTYPE)." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.1.2022.05.
Анотація:
Healing of postoperative wounds is a staged process. At the early stage of the wound process is characterized by the presence of a large number of unchanged and altered erythrocytes, the latter are characterized by shrinkage, change in shape, the formation of clusters. Hemorrhages in a wound and the initial phenomena of an inflammation are defined. In the period of regeneration of wound healing, inflammatory phenomena gradually disappear, and regenerative processes are increasingly developed. n the study of the dynamics of healing of postoperative wounds, the most informative is the method of "superficial wound biopsy". For cytological material is taken by lightly scraping the surface layer of the wound with a special spatula. This method usually manages to obtain elements not only of the exudate and the superficial (granular-fibrinous) layer of the wound, but also newly formed cells. The cytograms obtained in this way provide significant information about the course of regenerative processes in the wound. [1]. Using the method of "surface biopsy" of wounds to determine the features of the regenerative processes in the wound depending on the time of surgery (morning evening) and the chronotype of patients (morning and evening).
Cytological examination was performed using the method of "surface biopsy" of the wound [2]. The material for the study was taken by lightly scraping the surface layer of the wound with a spatula on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day of the postoperative period. The resulting material was transferred to a glass slide, evenly distributed in a thin layer, fixed and stained by Romanowski-Gimza [3]. The obtained preparations were studied using a microscope Biorex-3 BM-500T with a digital photomultiplier DCM 900 with programs adapted for research data. Cytometric study was performed by the method of standard planes [4] at a magnification of x1000, determined the average number of erythrocytes, unaltered neutrophilic granulocytes, naked nuclear neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, fibrin threads and collagen fibers in 10. Microphotography of the selected areas for illustrations was performed using a microscope Biorex-3 BM-500T with digital photomultiplier DCM 900.
It is established that the time of surgery, depending on the patient's chronotype, affects the course of the postoperative period and the wound healing process. Carrying out of operation according to the maximum activity of the patient reduces terms of realization of reparative process in a wound. Acceleration of hemostasis is accelerated and microcirculation and, accordingly, oxygenation of damaged tissues is restored faster. The number of unchanged and altered erythrocytes is probably lower in the superficial biopsies of wounds of patients who were operated with the chronotype in the most active time. In them, the dynamics of changes in the number of neutrophilic granulocytes indicates an earlier transition from the inflammatory stage of the wound process to regenerative. The obtained cytological data indicate the implementation of the reparative process 2 days earlier.
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Gren, Simon, and Elena Leuschner. "Outcome Isn’t Everything: Electoral Consequences of Implementing or Withdrawing Unpopular Policies." Political Behavior, May 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-024-09936-8.
Анотація:
AbstractIncumbents often make unpopular policy decisions. But can they remedy their negative electoral consequences? We extend the wide literature concerning retrospective voting to the case of unpopular policies and examine whether voters reward a responsive withdrawal of an unpopular policy proposal or punish the disclosed policy intention despite the withdrawal. To test this, we use granular data on Swedish local election results from 2002 to 2018 and the case of widely unpopular school closure proposals, some of which were implemented and others not. We exploit within municipality variation in voting over time to causally estimate the consequences for incumbents in the neighborhood surrounding the schools. Our results confirm that even if a school remains open, voters punish the incumbent and consider the initial proposal as informative for their vote. Our findings have implications for the understanding of democratic accountability and which information voters take into account when casting their vote.
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Finesso, Giovanni E., Ross A. McDevitt, Roshni Roy, Lauren R. Brinster, Andrea Di Francesco, Theresa Meade, Rafael de Cabo, Luigi Ferrucci, and Kathy A. Perdue. "Impact of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia on Blood DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Clock Modeling in Fischer 344 Rats." Journals of Gerontology: Series A, October 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab328.
Анотація:
Abstract Age-dependent differences in methylation at specific cytosine–guanine (CpG) sites have been used in “epigenetic clock” formulas to predict age. Deviations of epigenetic age from chronological age are informative of health status and are associated with adverse health outcomes, including mortality. In most cases, epigenetic clocks are performed on methylation from DNA extracted from circulating blood cells. However, the effect of neoplastic cells in the circulation on estimation and interpretation of epigenetic clocks is not well understood. Here, we explored this using Fischer 344 (F344) rats, a strain that often develops large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL). We found clear histological markers of LGLL pathology in the spleens and livers of 27 out of 61 rats aged 17–27 months. We assessed DNA methylation by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with coverage of 3 million cytosine residues. Although LGLL broadly increased DNA methylation variability, it did not change epigenetic aging. Despite this, the inclusion of rats with LGLL in clock training sets significantly altered predictor selection probability at 83 of 121 commonly utilized CpG sites. Furthermore, models trained on rat samples that included individuals with LGLL had greater absolute age error than those trained exclusively rats free of LGLL (39% increase; p < .0001). We conclude that the epigenetic signals for aging and LGLL are distinct, such that LGLL assessment is not necessary for valid measures of epigenetic age in F344 rats. The precision and architecture of constructed epigenetic clock formulas, however, can be influenced by the presence of neoplastic hematopoietic cells in training set populations.
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Vader, Vinita, and Gerard Saucier. "High‐dimensionality structure in English‐language personality type‐nouns." Journal of Personality, May 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12940.
Анотація:
AbstractObjectivePast applications of the lexical approach to type‐noun personality structures have yielded different results compared with those generated for adjectival personality structures, since then new methods have arisen for identifying robust higher‐dimensionality structure in data. This research aims to identify an optimal taxonomy of English language type‐nouns.MethodCurrent study reanalyzed 372 type‐nouns from a previous study emphasizing robustness across methodological variations (original vs. ipsatized data, oblique vs. orthogonal rotations, convergence between male and female target ratings) to determine a replicable but more comprehensive model of personality type‐noun structure.ResultsA 13‐factor original‐data oblimin‐rotated solution was determined to be the most robust model, except for a one‐factor model that was far less comprehensive and informative; an original‐data 32‐factor oblimin‐rotated solution was also fairly robust. Although each of the Big Five adjectival markers indicated a large correlation with one or more type‐noun factors; nearly half of the 13 type‐noun factors lacked such large correlations with the Big Five.ConclusionsA high‐dimensionality approach thus indicated that type‐nouns capture substantial content beyond the Big Five. A comparison with the character‐types described by an ancient philosopher (Theophrastus) signified that some granular type‐noun dimensions may have stability across multiple millennia.
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Huang, Wenxin, Xuemei Jia, Xian Zhong, Xiao Wang, Kui Jiang, and Zheng Wang. "Beyond the Parts: Learning Coarse-to-Fine Adaptive Alignment Representation for Person Search." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, October 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3565886.
Анотація:
Person search is a time-consuming computer vision task that entails locating and recognizing query people in scenic pictures. Body components are commonly mismatched during matching due to position variation, occlusions, and partially absent body parts, resulting in unsatisfactory person search results. Existing approaches for extracting local characteristics of the human body using keypoint information are unable to handle the search job when distinct body parts are misaligned, ignoring to exploit multiple granularities, which is crucial in the person search process. Moreover, the alignment learning methods learn body part features with fixed and equal weights, ignoring the beneficial contextual information, e.g., the umbrella carried by pedestrian, which supplements compelling clues for identifying the person. In this paper, we propose a Coarse-to-Fine Adaptive Alignment Representation (CFA 2 R) network for learning multiple granular features in misaligned person search in the coarse-to-fine perspective. To exploit more beneficial body parts and related context of the cropped pedestrians, we design a Part-Attentional Progressive Module (PAPM) to guide the network to focus on informative body parts and positive accessorial regions. Besides, we propose a Re-weighting Alignment Module (RAM) shedding light on more contributive parts instead of treating them equally. Specifically, adaptive re-weighted but not fixed part features are reconstructed by Re-weighting Reconstruction module, considering that different parts serve unequally during image matching. Extensive experiments conducted on CUHK-SYSU and PRW datasets demonstrate competitive performance of our proposed method.
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Checchi, Francesco, Adrienne Testa, Amy Gimma, Emilie Koum-Besson, and Abdihamid Warsame. "A method for small-area estimation of population mortality in settings affected by crises." Population Health Metrics 20, no. 1 (January 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12963-022-00283-6.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Populations affected by crises (armed conflict, food insecurity, natural disasters) are poorly covered by demographic surveillance. As such, crisis-wide estimation of population mortality is extremely challenging, resulting in a lack of evidence to inform humanitarian response and conflict resolution. Methods We describe here a ‘small-area estimation’ method to circumvent these data gaps and quantify both total and excess (i.e. crisis-attributable) death rates and tolls, both overall and for granular geographic (e.g. district) and time (e.g. month) strata. The method is based on analysis of data previously collected by national and humanitarian actors, including ground survey observations of mortality, displacement-adjusted population denominators and datasets of variables that may predict the death rate. We describe the six sequential steps required for the method’s implementation and illustrate its recent application in Somalia, South Sudan and northeast Nigeria, based on a generic set of analysis scripts. Results Descriptive analysis of ground survey data reveals informative patterns, e.g. concerning the contribution of injuries to overall mortality, or household net migration. Despite some data sparsity, for each crisis that we have applied the method to thus far, available predictor data allow the specification of reasonably predictive mixed effects models of crude and under 5 years death rate, validated using cross-validation. Assumptions about values of the predictors in the absence of a crisis provide counterfactual and excess mortality estimates. Conclusions The method enables retrospective estimation of crisis-attributable mortality with considerable geographic and period stratification, and can therefore contribute to better understanding and historical memorialisation of the public health effects of crises. We discuss key limitations and areas for further development.
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Javidnia, Monica, Lakshmi Arbatti, Abhishek Hosamath, Shirley W. Eberly, David Oakes, and Ira Shoulson. "Predictive Value of Verbatim Parkinson’s Disease Patient-Reported Symptoms of Postural Instability and Falling." Journal of Parkinson's Disease, July 7, 2021, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212636.
Анотація:
Background: Postural instability is an intractable sign of Parkinson’s disease, associated with poor disease prognosis, fall risk, and decreased quality of life. Objective: 1) Characterize verbatim reports of postural instability and associated symptoms (gait disorder, balance, falling, freezing, and posture), 2) compare reports with responses to three pre-specified questions from Part II of the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), and 3) examine postural instability symptoms and MDS-UPDRS responses as predictors of future falls. Methods: Fox Insight research participants reported their problems attributed to PD in their own words using the Parkinson Disease Patient Reports of Problems (PD-PROP). Natural language processing, clinical curation, and data mining techniques were applied to classify text into problem domains and clinically-curated symptoms. Baseline postural instability symptoms were mapped to MDS-UPDRS questions 2.11–2.13. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare postural instability reporters and non-reporters, and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate associations between PD-PROP and MDS-UPDRS responses; survival methods were utilized to evaluate the predictive utility of PD-PROP and MDS-UPDRS responses in time-to-fall analyses. Results: Of participants within 10 years of PD diagnosis, 9,692 (56.0%) reported postural instability symptoms referable to gait unsteadiness, balance, falling, freezing, or posture at baseline. Postural instability symptoms were significantly associated with patient-reported measures from the MDS-UPDRS questions. Balance problems reported on PD-PROP and MDS-UPDRS 2.11–2.13 measures were predictive of future falls. Conclusion: Verbatim-reported problems captured by the PD-PROP and categorized by natural language processing and clinical curation and MDS-UPDRS responses predicted falls. The PD-PROP output was more granular than, and as informative as, the categorical responses.
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Röding, Magnus, Zheng Ma, and Salvatore Torquato. "Predicting permeability via statistical learning on higher-order microstructural information." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (September 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72085-5.
Анотація:
Abstract Quantitative structure–property relationships are crucial for the understanding and prediction of the physical properties of complex materials. For fluid flow in porous materials, characterizing the geometry of the pore microstructure facilitates prediction of permeability, a key property that has been extensively studied in material science, geophysics and chemical engineering. In this work, we study the predictability of different structural descriptors via both linear regressions and neural networks. A large data set of 30,000 virtual, porous microstructures of different types, including both granular and continuous solid phases, is created for this end. We compute permeabilities of these structures using the lattice Boltzmann method, and characterize the pore space geometry using one-point correlation functions (porosity, specific surface), two-point surface-surface, surface-void, and void-void correlation functions, as well as the geodesic tortuosity as an implicit descriptor. Then, we study the prediction of the permeability using different combinations of these descriptors. We obtain significant improvements of performance when compared to a Kozeny-Carman regression with only lowest-order descriptors (porosity and specific surface). We find that combining all three two-point correlation functions and tortuosity provides the best prediction of permeability, with the void-void correlation function being the most informative individual descriptor. Moreover, the combination of porosity, specific surface, and geodesic tortuosity provides very good predictive performance. This shows that higher-order correlation functions are extremely useful for forming a general model for predicting physical properties of complex materials. Additionally, our results suggest that artificial neural networks are superior to the more conventional regression methods for establishing quantitative structure–property relationships. We make the data and code used publicly available to facilitate further development of permeability prediction methods.
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Ballis, Haris, and Loukas Dimitriou. "Exploitation of Aggregate Mobility Sensing Data for the Synthesis of Disaggregate Multimodal Tours in Megacities." Frontiers in Future Transportation 2 (April 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffutr.2021.647852.
Анотація:
The unprecedented volume of urban sensing data has allowed the tracking of individuals at remarkably high resolution. As an example, Telecommunication Service Providers (TSPs) cannot provide their service unless they continuously collect information regarding the location of their customers. In conjunction with appropriate post-processing methodologies, these traces can be augmented with additional dimensions such as the activity of the user or the transport mode used for the completion of journeys. However, justified privacy concerns have led to the enforcement of legal regulations aiming to hinder, if not entirely forbid, the use of such private information even for purely scientific purposes. One of the most widely applied methods for the communication of mobility information without raising anonymity concerns is the aggregation of trips in origin–destination (OD) matrices. Previous work has showcased the possibility to exploit multi-period and purpose-segmented ODs for the synthesis of realistic disaggregate tours. The current study extends this framework by incorporating the multimodality dimension into the framework. In particular, the study evaluates the potential of synthesizing multimodal, diurnal tours for the case where the available ODs are also segmented by the transport mode. In addition, the study proves the scalability of the method by evaluating its performance on a set of time period-, trip purpose-, and transport mode-segmented, large-scale ODs describing the mobility patterns for millions of citizens of the megacity of Tokyo, Japan. The resulting modeled tours utilized over 96% of the inputted trips and recreated the observed mobility traces with an accuracy exceeding 80%. The high accuracy of the framework establishes the potential to utilize privacy-safe, aggregate urban mobility data for the synthesis of highly informative and contextual disaggregate mobility information. Implications are significant since the creation of such granular mobility information from widely available data sources like aggregate ODs can prove particularly useful for deep explanatory analysis or for advanced transport modeling purposes (e.g., agent-based, microsimulation modeling).
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Sarzynski, Sadia H., Alexander Lawandi, Sarah Warner, Cumhur Y. Demirkale, Jeffrey R. Strich, John P. Dekker, Ahmed Babiker, Willy Li, and Sameer S. Kadri. "Association between minimum inhibitory concentration values and mortality risk in patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records from 148 US hospitals." JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance 5, no. 2 (March 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlad049.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Clinical data informing antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections are lacking. We sought to leverage real-world data to identify MIC values within the currently defined susceptible range that could discriminate mortality risk for patients with S. maltophilia infections and guide future breakpoint revisions. Methods Inpatients with S. maltophilia infection who received single-agent targeted therapy with levofloxacin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were identified in the Cerner HealthFacts electronic health record database. Encounters were restricted to those with MIC values reported to be in the susceptible range for both agents. Curation for exact (non-range) MIC values yielded sequentially granular model populations. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted OR (aOR) of mortality or hospice discharge associated with different susceptible-range MICs, controlling for patient- and centre-related factors, and infection site, polymicrobial infection and receipt of empirical therapy. Results Seventy-three of 851 levofloxacin-treated patients had levofloxacin MIC of exactly 2 mg/L (current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) susceptibility breakpoint) and served as the reference category for levofloxacin breakpoint models. In breakpoint model I (n = 501), aOR of mortality associated with infection due to isolates with levofloxacin MIC of ≤1 versus 2 mg/L were similar [aOR = 1.79 (95% CI 0.88–3.62), P = 0.11]. In breakpoint model IIa (n = 358), aOR of mortality associated with MIC ≤0.5 versus 2 mg/L were also similar [aOR 0.1.36 (95% CI 0.65–2.83), P = 0.41]. However, breakpoint model IIb (n = 297) displayed higher aOR of mortality associated with an MIC of 1 versus 2 mg/L [aOR 2.36 (95% CI 1.14–4.88), P = 0.02]. Only 9/645 trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-treated patients had trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole MIC of exactly 2/38 mg/L precluding informative models for this agent. Conclusions In this retrospective study of real-world patients with S. maltophilia infection, risk-adjusted survival data do not appear to stratify patients clinically within current susceptible-range MIC breakpoint for levofloxacin (≤2 mg/L) by mortality.