Дисертації з теми "Informalità urbana"
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Chien, Ker-Hsuan. "Water, informality, and hybridising urban governance in Taiwan." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/cc4780ba-760d-4d30-8440-40bb090458d8.
Повний текст джерелаDominguez, Moreno Jorge Andres. "Three empirical essays on urban economics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399784.
Повний текст джерелаA city is a confluence between firms and workers and, implicitly, a relationship between the productive capacities of firms and the productivity of the areas in which they are located. Moreover, the residence location of workers represents advantageous or disadvantageous opportunities in the labour market because they have to assume commuting costs. Bogotá and Cali, the urban areas that we shall study in this thesis, are used to raise the crucial concerns of cities in developing countries. In the three empirical studies that make up this thesis, the central character is the city, but the main subjects are unemployment, informality and crime. Bogotá, like the majority of large Latin American cities, has experienced urban problems due to the uncontrolled growth of peripheral neighbourhoods and the socio-spatial segregation process that began in the 1950s. The rapid uncontrolled urbanization of the city has resulted in severe urban sprawl and this phenomenon has increased the distance between workers and job opportunities. In Chapter 1 we estimate the effect of job accessibility on the probability of being employed. Data used at individual level come from household surveys, while information about job location at census tract level comes from the Urban Planning Office. We estimate employment probability equations to analyse the disconnection between workers and job opportunities including controls at individual level. Moreover, the paper focuses on the treatment of the location endogeneity problem using instrumental variables. The main result is that job accessibility has a significant positive effect on the probability of being employed. Most of the empirical findings on spatial agglomeration and localization concern firms in the formal sector, and the literature say little about the effect of agglomeration on the localization of informal firms. In Chapter 2 we estimate the effect of agglomeration on the local share of informal firms that produce legal goods but do not comply with official regulations. This issue is relevant because, like other developing countries, the informal sector in Colombia employs more than 50% of the workforce. Our results demonstrate that one standard deviation increase in agglomeration reduces the local share of informal firms by 16%. Our results are consistent with the idea that informal firms benefit less from agglomeration because of legal restrictions that block the relationship with formal firms. The literature points out that high crime rates represent a significant welfare loss, reducing expected lifespan and increasing uncertainty about the future. However, crime rates are not homogeneously distributed within an urban area. This characteristic has a strong association with neighbourhood quality. In response to crime risk, residents generally have two options: they can vote for anti-crime policies or vote with their feet. In Chapter 3 we analyse this subject. Indeed, Latin America dominates the list of the world’s most violent cities. In 2015, Cali (Colombia) registered 65 homicides per 100,000 people in a ranking headed by Caracas (Venezuela) with 120. The literature points out that the local response to crime will be observed in the housing market. The objective of the analysis is to estimate the relationship between housing prices and homicide rates in Cali. We found that a 10% increase in the homicide rate is related with a decrease of between 2% and 2.5% in housing prices.
Bari, Arezu Imran. "Understanding urban informality : everyday life in informal urban settlements in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3320.
Повний текст джерелаPENKO, TEIXEIRA CAIO. "Housing is Much More Than a Roof Over One’s Head: The Urban Politics of Immigrant Squatters’ Movements." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/356091.
Повний текст джерелаThe present doctoral thesis explores some current debates about housing precarity by looking at the politics of immigrant squatters’ movements. This research is set in Turin but explores a wider urban question regarding spatial inequality, marginalized social groups, and activism. Drawing upon the ethnographic fieldwork in the “Ex-MOI Occupation,” this research sets out a framework for the analyses of immigrants’ search for home and other places of dwelling in exile. The present research addresses this issue considering how illegalized immigrants appropriate marginalized spaces in the city to gain access to and sustain some degree of political power as city makers. Throughout the article-based chapters, this analysis seeks to grapple with how collective squatting in vacant buildings has caused it to become a social battleground from which subversive performativity may emerge through acts of solidarity. This thesis advances scholarship by examining the modes of collective action through squatters’ movements and invites readers to rethink the condition of one’s dispossession. It offers an empirically grounded analysis of the role of squatting-autonomous movements and stands up for undocumented immigrants, refugees, and people seeking asylum, and more importantly, produces a compelling theoretical account of to whom justice and rights should apply. People on the move that live on the margins and their struggles for becoming political are ultimately fascinating matters for today’s urban politics. They remind us that grassroots movements play an important role in determining how urban life is experienced and negotiated. Moreover, they remind us of the centrality of home, and that we are entitled to make claims over our own bodies, regardless of immigration and citizenship status.
Chagnollaud, Fanny. "La comunidad andine, du village au quartier : l’invention d’une culture andine urbaine à Ayacucho (Pérou)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100036.
Повний текст джерелаLocated in the south-central Andes of Peru, the city of Ayacucho underwent an accelerated urbanization process from the 1950’s, nourished by the massive arrival of immigrants from the Andean rural districts of the area. Peopled today with more than 151.000 inhabitants, it appears like a conglomerate of settlements gathered around the historical colonial centre of the city. A large majority of these settlements is the result of collective lands invasions organized by the immigrants. This work analyses the formation process and daily functioning of these settlements. It shows how, to found them and ensure their permanence, the immigrants reproduced the traditional Andean social structures and mechanisms, adapting them to the urban context. The objective of this study is to show that, by doing so, these immigrants invented an urban Andean culture. Those settlements they built are indeed a transposition in the urban environment of the Andean “comunidad”, generally considered a rural institution
Cunha, Márcia Maria. "Informalidade urbana e segregação socioespacial em Bauru : o caso do Jardim Niceia /." Franca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192800.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como o processo de informalidade urbana e segregação socioespacial impacta nas condições de vida dos moradores do assentamento informal do Bairro Jardim Niceia, no município de Bauru. Para cumprir esse propósito, as técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas foram observação participante como voluntária do projeto Voz do Niceia e membro das oficinas socioterritoriais do CRAS Jardim Europa; pesquisa documental referente aos 205 cadastros com dados socioeconômicos dos moradores do Jardim Niceia, realizados pela SEPLAN; informações oficiais com o poder público mediante solicitações de informações sobre o atendimento das famílias nas diferentes políticas públicas; e entrevistas semiestruturadas com famílias beneficiárias do BPC. A pesquisa está amparada no método de análise da ciência reflexiva, operacionalizada pelo estudo de caso ampliado. A partir da observação participante é possível considerar que para que os serviços públicos alcancem os cidadãos, é preciso buscar alternativas, pois as ofertadas hoje não atendem às necessidades das famílias. O perfil das famílias aponta para baixa escolaridade; maioria com mulheres como chefe de família; trabalhos menos remunerados e desemprego; e casal com filhos. Quanto ao acesso aos serviços públicos, o de saúde foi o único tangível a todas as entrevistadas, ainda que de difícil acesso. Quanto à situação de informalidade urbana, o impacto para a maioria das entrevistadas é a insegurança da posse, de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research has the goal of understanding how the process of urban informality and socio-spatial segregation affects the life condition of the residents of the informal settlement Bairro Jardim Niceia in the city of Bauru, Brazil. To fulfill that purpose, the research techniques used were: participant observation as a volunteer of the project Voz do Niceia and member of the socio-territorial workshops of the CRAS Jardim Europa; documentary research regarding the 205 registers containing socioeconomic data from the Jardim Niceia residents, performed by SEPLAN; official information from public power upon request for information on services given to the families in different public policies; and semi-structured interviews with the families that benefit from the BPC. The research is based on the reflective science analysis method, operationalized by the expanded case study. From the participant observation, it is possible to consider that in order for the public services to reach the citizens, it is necessary to find alternatives, since the ones offered today do not meet the families' needs. The family profile indicates low education levels; most have women as householders; low-paying jobs and unemployment; and couples with children. As for access to public services, healthcare was the only one accessible to all the interviewed, even if hard to access. As for the urban informality situation, the impact for the majority of the interviewed is the insecurity of ownership, since th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
RICCHIARDI, HERNANDEZ ANA MARIA. "Mapping transitional urban forms The form of the in-formal in Sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2972206.
Повний текст джерелаUsman, Mohammad. "Ghanaians in the Bronx : (il)legal status and pathways to housing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271128.
Повний текст джерелаGupte, Jaideep. "Linking urban civil violence, extralegality and informality : credibility and policing in south-central Mumbai, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543675.
Повний текст джерелаEhebrecht, Daniel. "Urbane Mobilität und Informalität in Subsahara-Afrika – Eine Studie zur Marktintegration der Motorrad-Taxis in Dar es Salaam." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22183.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of rapid urbanisation and transport development in Sub-Saharan-Africa motorcycle-taxis have become an important mobility option in recent years. They increase accessibility in peri-urban settlements and provide crucial functions in inner urban areas. Previous studies have contributed to a better understanding of road safety issues and have investigated quantitative service characteristics and user perceptions. However, in order to reduce negative effects and to evaluate the potentials for their consideration in urban transport planning, it is fundamental to also understand the governance of motorcycle-taxis. Against this background, this study investigates the organisation and mode of regulation of motorcycle-taxis in the Tanzanian metropolis of Dar es Salaam. The study is based on a qualitative research design and follows a Grounded Theory approach and the arguments of Southern Urbanism. The analysis of the empirical results is informed by different governance perspectives and concepts from the field of sociological practice theory. The study shows how the emergence of motorcycle-taxis in Dar es Salaam is shaped by the local context and how particular governance mechanisms continuously enable their integration into the local market of mobility services. In that regard the study unveils how self-regulation, state regulation as well as conflicts and cooperation between stakeholders interrelate and what role they play. In that way the study contributes to overcoming the often-assumed dichotomy between ‘informal’ and ‘formal’ social relations. Moreover, based on a social-theoretical analysis the study contributes to current urban theory debates on the relation between the constraints of social structures in the cities in Sub-Saharan Africa on the one hand and the agency of social actors on the other hand.
Manda, Mtafu Almiton Zeleza Chinguwa. "Understanding the context of informality: urban planning under different land tenure systems in Mzuzu city, Malawi." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31107.
Повний текст джерелаJABER, LEMA ABDULMUTTALEB YOUSEF. "THE ROLE OF IMAGINARIES IN SHAPING POWER RELATIONS IN URBAN PLANNING PROCESSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/378152.
Повний текст джерелаThis research has an objective of exploring the role of social imaginaries in an urban context with a strategic goal to contribute to the urban planning theory especially with its current dedicated efforts to facing the existing urban challenges. The significance of power relations in the planning process, which are still ambiguous is a key element when interpreting the impact of urban planning processes. The place where a planning process is implemented is claimed to be a powerful stabilizing factor with regards to social practices and place identity. Therefore, places are not physical volumes; they carry intangible characteristics through stabilizing the identity and social activity. In other words, they have collective imaginary. Urban planning deals with place as a planning object excluding some of its particular characteristics such as its specifications, its type, its identity, the social practices that are held in a place and its regulations. This research aims for mapping and understanding the underlying imaginaries of a place undergoing an urban planning process in the Global South urban context. It argues that a phenomenon such as street vending can be better explained and analyzed when place imaginaries are at play to explain the changes in power relations.
VIEDA, MARTINEZ SERGIO ANDRES. "Housing Informality beyond The Urban Poor: Spatialities, Public Institutions, and Social Injustice in Rich Settlements of Bogotá." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/22502.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Kahlaoui Soraya. "Posséder. Construction de l'Etat et résistances aux mécanismes de dépossession dans le Maroc post-2011." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH202.
Повний текст джерелаThrough two ethnographic studies - one about an informal housing neighbourhood under construction (2012-2013), the other one about the resistance of the Guich Oudaya tribe, expelled from their land at the heart of Rabat (2014-2016), this thesis aims at questioning the practices that marginalized social groups use to claim their right in post-2011 Morocco. Particularly, this study aims at revealing an aspect of the political reconfigurations which followed the various protests of the 20 February movement in 2011 by shedding lights on the dynamics of the conflicts and the power balance established in the confrontation between the State as administrator of the urban order and a population living in the informal world and struggling for their right to housing. The struggles of this « informal people » are rooted in a long historical process engendered by colonialism. The colonial power extensively destroyed the modes of territorial management through the urbanisation of Morocco. This urbanisation process, based on mechanisms of dispossession, caused a spatial segregation built on the separation between the modern and the informal spaces. Indeed, with the establishment of the colonial/modern cities, the lack of work and of state housing has led to the development of « shanty towns » in the periphery of urban areas and the creation of an informal economy. In these zones of urban marginality and always from a situation of semi-legality, these populations were obliged to contest the state. If this situation of semi-legality structures their fights and shapes their forms of organization, it also places these populations in direct confrontation with one of the main privileges of the modern State: that to define the outlines of the property right
Kirby, Benjamin James. "Muslim mobilisation, urban informality, and the politics of development in Tanzania : an ethnography of the Kariakoo market district." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18483/.
Повний текст джерелаSimon, Runsten. "Energy Provision and Informality in South African Informal Urban Settlements : A Multi-Criteria Sustainability Assessment of Energy Access Alternatives." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175150.
Повний текст джерелаTill följd av urbanisering och regeringens oförmåga att hantera åtföljande ökade efterfrågan på bostäder i städer lever mer än 10 % av den Sydafrikanska befolkningen i informella bosättningar eller slumområden. Denna grupp växer också kraftigt vilket leder till att bosättningar etableras på allt sämre lämpade platser (Gaunt et al. 2012; Wolpe & Reddy 2010). Informella hushåll på platser som anses olämpliga för boende nås inte av nuvarande nationella policyer inriktade på att bekämpa energifattigdom. Dessa hushåll lämnas således åt att köpa elektricitet från sina grannar eller att stjäla från elnätet, vilket orsakar problem med intäktsförluster, elnätets pålitlighet, säkerhet och betalningssvårigheter, och de får också fortsätta att förlita sig på oren användning av bränslen för matlagning och belysning (Franks & Prasad 2014; Tait 2013). Samtidigt behöver alternativa sätt att tillhandahålla energitjänster, så som Solar Home Systems och gasol, som testas i sådana sammanhang undersökas ytterligare. Denna uppsats undersöker hur tillgång till grundläggande energitjänster kan förmedlas på ett hållbart sätt till informella hushåll som inte är berättigade till elnätsanslutning, genom att jämföra nuvarande och alternativa sätt att få tillgång till energitjänster, samt genom att identifiera vissa hinder och möjligheter i samband med dessa. Hållbarheten hos försörjningsalternativen studeras genom en multi-kriteriell hållbarhetsbedömning (MCSA). Detta tillvägagångssätt inbegriper en fallstudie i Västra Kapprovinsen med fokus på Kapstaden och använder semistrukturerade intervjuer för att utforska åsikter och kunskap hos intressegrupper och experter. Med MCSA identifieras betydande avvägningar mellan olika försörjningsalternativ och det föreslås att icke nätbaserade alternativ kan utgöra möjliga lösningar på kort eller meddelång sikt, ifall de tillhandahålls tillsammans med gas för matlagning genom lokala närbutiker. Fallstudien visar vidare att hinder för elektrifiering kan övervinnas i de flesta fall, förutsatt att det finns politisk vilja på lokal nivå för detta. Samtidigt visas att den nuvarande fokusen på elnätsanslutning är begränsad i dess förmåga att tillhandahålla grundläggande energitjänster. Det föreslås att hållbarheten i genomförande av alternativ till elnätsanslutningar i kontexten sannolikt beror på en rad faktorer, bland annat politisk vilja, politiska ramverk, finansiering och fördelning av styrmedel, modellen för tillhandahållande av tjänster, samt social dynamik. Fallstudien visar också att icke-statliga insatser kan vara nödvändiga i vissa fall, både för att övervinna politisk tröghet samt att vinna social acceptans bland hushållen. Sammanfattningsvis stöder denna studie förslaget att statliga ansatser som syftar till att tillgång till energitjänster, i motsats till elförsörjning, kan vara mer effektiva när det gäller att tillgodose grundläggande behov. Studien föreslår också att ett nära samarbete och interaktion mellan olika förvaltningsnivåer, samt icke-statliga aktörer och lokalsamhället är avgörande för att på ett hållbart sätt möta dessa behov. Vidare studier bör tillämpa och/eller studera möjliga modeller för tillhandahållande av grundläggande energitjänster, med resultaten från denna studie som utgångspunkt.
Svensdotter, Anna Olivia Nicolina. "Border nomads: An architectural investigation of transient public urban place." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213193/1/Anna_Svensdotter_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOlowosegun, Adebola. "Stakeholders' perceptions on informal public transport : an exploration of impacts of urban growth on quality of service in Ibadan, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/edff0cd9-eea6-48f9-b173-2680082b6d34.
Повний текст джерелаNahiduzzaman, Kh Md. "HOUSING THE URBAN POOR: AN INTEGRATED GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE : The Case of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90297.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20120221
Boström, Frida. "Papaquara : From Favela to Urban Field House." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-80682.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Ric?lia Maria Marinho da. "Setor terci?rio: formalidade e informalidade: algumas especificidades da (re)produ??o do espa?o urbano de Bayeux-PB." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18973.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has as study object the tertiary sector and (the re)production of the urban space of Bayeux-PB. For in such a way, one became necessary to the construction of a theoretical boarding that context the national reality, to be able itself to understand the reality local. This way to construct allowed an opening of the field of vision how much to the relevance of if ahead studying the tertiary sector and its weight of the current configuration of the society in a country as Brazil, e especially in a city of a State northeastern, as it is the case of Bayeux. The theoretical boarding had as base the two circuits of the urban economy, the productive reorganization and the transformations in the world of the work, as well as, the space organization and the distinction between the economic and social space of the tertiary activities, from the logic of functioning of the establishments: the regulation. Besides working with referring official data to the tertiary sector, the empirical study it had as reference one hundred and sixty and establishments tertiary, located in four axles of circulation of the city of Bayeux - PB, which are: Av. Liberdade, Av. Engenheiro de Carvalho, Av. Francisco Marques da Fonseca and Av. Marechal Rondon, that they had appeared in such a way stimulated for the processes of urbanization and industrialization lived deeply from years 70 in the "Great Jo?o Pessoa" how much, in the countries of the underdeveloped capitalist world, as Brazil. Being thus, the objective of the work was to study the tertiary sector and its relation with (the re)production of the urban space, standing out the functioning logic
Esta disserta??o tem como objeto de estudo o setor terci?rio e a (re)produ??o do espa?o urbano de Bayeux-PB. Para tanto, fez-se necess?rio ? constru??o de uma abordagem te?rica que contextualizasse a realidade nacional, para se poder entender a realidade local. Essa maneira de construir permitiu uma abertura do campo de vis?o quanto ? relev?ncia de se estudar o setor terci?rio e seu peso diante da atual configura??o da sociedade num pa?s como o Brasil, e especialmente em um munic?pio de um Estado nordestino, como ? o caso de Bayeux. A abordagem te?rica teve como base os dois circuitos da economia urbana, a reestrutura??o produtiva e as transforma??es no mundo do trabalho, bem como, a organiza??o espacial e a distin??o entre o espa?o econ?mico e social das atividades terci?rias, a partir da l?gica de funcionamento dos estabelecimentos: a regulamenta??o. Al?m de trabalhar com dados oficiais referentes ao setor terci?rio, o estudo emp?rico teve como refer?ncia cento e sessenta e um estabelecimentos terci?rios, localizados em quatro eixos de circula??o do munic?pio de Bayeux PB, quais sejam: Av. Liberdade, Av. Engenheiro de Carvalho, Av. Francisco Marques da Fonseca e Av. Marechal Rondon, que surgiram impulsionadas pelos processos de urbaniza??o e industrializa??o vivenciados a partir dos anos 70 tanto na Grande Jo?o Pessoa quanto, nos pa?ses do mundo capitalista subdesenvolvido, como o Brasil. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o setor terci?rio e sua rela??o com a (re)produ??o do espa?o urbano, ressaltando a l?gica de funcionamento
Skinner, J. Branson. "Fashioning Waste: Considering the Global and Local Impacts of the Secondhand Clothing Trade in Accra, Ghana and Charting an Inclusive Path Forward." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553613566277155.
Повний текст джерелаKelkar, Unmesh Shrikant. "Reinterpreting the generic: A study of the threshold between static and temporary." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553618430376827.
Повний текст джерелаEhebrecht, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Urbane Mobilität und Informalität in Subsahara-Afrika – Eine Studie zur Marktintegration der Motorrad-Taxis in Dar es Salaam / Daniel Ehebrecht." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222973316/34.
Повний текст джерелаElkekli, Fuzia Taher. "The Identity Of The Medina, Tripoli, Libya: Conservation And Urban Planning From The Nineteenth Century To The Present." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338903.
Повний текст джерелаCorbett, David Ian Bedford. "Alternative forms of citymaking: Insights and implications from South Africa and Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208153/1/David%20Ian%20Bedford_Corbett_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFarmer, Eilunid. "Negotiating the edge : resolving the conflicts and potentials between endogenous and exogenous environments in peri-urban settlement by creating a condition for a narrative between the two extremes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45279.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
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KACANI, Artan. "Valutazione F.I.S.I.A e l'impatto territoriale. Misurare e confrontare l'efficienza e l'efficacia dell'Agenda Urbana sulle aree informali nella Regione di Tirana e Durazzo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2478781.
Повний текст джерелаThe first time that the U.A on Legalization, Urbanization, and Integration of the informal areas and Settlement was introduced is in 2006. From 2006 to nowadays many laws and regulations have shaped the U.A. On the early stages it is essential to understand the political and economic condition - the institutional vacuum to deal with the rural areas outside the yellow line was an unclear situation on who is responsible, see (Aliaj, Shutina, & Dhamo, 2010). At the same period (2009) the cognitive resource of the municipalities to get the cartographic data was taken off. The regional agency took over all these competencies and including the economic resources - in open violation to article 13 on the Albanian constitution and local autonomy. The political resource that once was of the municipalities, to define the informal areas and the regulatory frame, went to higher and centralized administrative levels, such as A.L.U.I.Z.N.I (regional agency). In 2014, new different fees were introduced regarding the settlements raised for economic function and use. Many small informal markets closed their activities, and only big investments had the possibility to pay a higher fee than housing purposes, such as hotels, factories, and resorts. Facing this dynamic and repressive condition to vulnerable housing tenure the research proposes a "phase zero" of assessment and analysis. Three theories of policy evaluation have been used in one, called Responsive Focused Evaluation. The novelty of R.F.E is that evaluates the policy content from resources focused, differently from the classic evaluation on outcomes and outputs. By focusing on the economic resources, the implementation step of R.F.E suggests to look at probabilistic cases of failure or regular process of legalization. Four hindering factors are identified, and more than twelve factors on territorial impact, land fragmentation, and densification. The first four hindering factors can be assessed in one single formula called F.I.S.I.A, with the legalization revenues and urbanization costs to give the policy efficiency and effectiveness. Instead, the territorial impact gives variations on an analytical tool for the informal areas. The research question is addressed to the second part, policy implementation, which focuses on economic resources. How much are the costs of the objectives set by the UA, legalization, urbanization and the hindering factors? The results give different levels of efficiency and effectiveness ratio. Higher the efficiency gradient is, higher will be the urbanization cost and so the need to call political resources in action, or exogenous resources - and vice versa. This can vary from the size of the informal area and the urban morphology. Higher the effectiveness gradient is, higher will be the hindering factors and cost, and so the need to call cognitive resources and independent actors in the U.A for the endogenous resources. The separation of these two indicators, efficiency, and effectiveness is essential to get a more responsive and sensitive policy decision process on revenue's reversibility and future investments.
Grabalov, Pavel. "Dacha Sweet Dacha: Place Attachment in the Urban Allotment Gardens of Kaliningrad, Russia." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21315.
Повний текст джерелаCouto, Eduardo Castro. ""No próximo, desce!": o transporte clandestino na zona sul de São Paulo (1989-2004)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13173.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work examines how social relations among workers identified as perueiros involved with informality work in the public transport in the south region of São Paulo from 1989 to 2004 were constituted. Besides, this study tries to understand if the phenomenon of legal transport has contributed to the transformation of the urban space from this area of the city. The south area of São Paulo is one of the most populous areas in the district. The neighborhoods that are part of this region present a series of striking contrasts in the life of its inhabitants which are generally marked by the absence total or partial of social rights for the poor population. On the other hand, there are neighborhoods for the most privileged classes (medium and upper middle class) with housing and luxury condominiums and in some situations delimiting a fragile line with poverty and misery that live nearby. The period proposed for this research is characterized by the advancement of neoliberalism, deregulation of world economies and the growth of informality in the labor market. In order to understand how relationships of dispute and power for the right to circulation and the tensions resulting from the phenomenon of informality in this region sources such as the narratives of the informal workers that took part in this experience, the production of scholars about public transport and public politics for the transport in São Paulo were used
Este trabalho aborda como foram constituídas as relações sociais vividas entre os trabalhadores identificados como perueiros envolvidos com a informalidade no transporte coletivo na região sul em São Paulo entre o período de 1989 a 2004. Além disso, este estudo procura compreender se o fenômeno do transporte ilegal contribuiu para as transformações do espaço urbano desta área da cidade. A zona sul de São Paulo é uma das áreas mais populosas do município. Os bairros que fazem parte desta região apresentam uma série de contrastes marcantes na vida de seus habitantes. São geralmente marcados pela ausência, total ou parcial, dos direitos sociais para a população mais pobre. Em contrapartida, há bairros voltados para as classes mais favorecidas (média e média alta), com bolsões habitacionais e condomínios de luxo e, em algumas situações, delimitando uma frágil linha com a pobreza e miséria vizinhas. O período proposto para esta pesquisa é caracterizado pelo avanço do neoliberalismo, da desregulamentação das economias mundiais e o crescimento da informalidade no mercado de trabalho. Para perceber como se estabeleceram as relações de disputa e poder pelo direito à circulação na cidade e as tensões advindas com o fenômeno da informalidade nesta região da cidade, foram analisadas fontes como as narrativas de trabalhadores informais participantes desta experiência, a produção de estudiosos do transporte sobre o tema e as políticas públicas para o transporte em São Paulo
Siddabathuni, Deepti Prasad. "Unfolding Smart City Development in India." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27393.
Повний текст джерелаANILE, LORENA HELENA DOS SANTOS S. "TO FORMALIZE THE LAND? ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF THE LAND REGULARIZATION PROGRAMS IN THE RIO DE JANEIRO FAVELAS AND THEIR INTERFACE WITH URBAN INFORMALITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34882@1.
Повний текст джерелаCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A população moradora das favelas cria estratégias para sua manutenção nesses locais. Longe de afirmar que a informalidade seria uma solução para todos os problemas da favela, a presente dissertação compreende esta prática como funcional. Contrapondo a isto, a Regularização Fundiária é entendida como a legalização das propriedades das áreas informais. Entretanto, o que se vê, na maioria das favelas cariocas que receberam estes projetos, é a entrega de um título fragilizado, que não garante a permanência da população, isto quando há efetivamente a entrega do título. O tema proposto por esta dissertação é a Regularização Fundiária em contraste com a informalidade urbana encontrada nas favelas cariocas. Analisamos a informalidade urbana como um ordenamento diferenciado no meio urbano, portanto, ela não deve ser encarada como um problema que pode ser solucionado pela Regularização Fundiária. Para compreender a inserção da Regularização Fundiária como Programa governamental nas favelas cariocas, destacamos três favelas como campo de pesquisa: Rocinha, Cantagalo e Acari (Vila Rica e Vila Esperança), todas com inserção governamental e desfechos distintos. Assim, para alcançar o objetivo central desta dissertação, buscamos o aprofundamento nos temas principais por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, do levantamento documental sobre os programas de regularização fundiária e a realização de entrevistas com lideranças comunitárias, gestores dos programas locais de regularização fundiária e agentes governamentais. Buscamos aprofundar a temática da Regularização Fundiária e as suas variadas vertentes, observando os desafios enfrentados para garantir à população moradora das favelas o direito à cidade.
The slum leaving population create strategies for their maintenance in these environments. Far from stating that informality would be a solution to all slum problems, the present dissertation understands it as a functional practice. Contrary to it, land regularization is understood as of the properties legalization from informal areas. However, what is seen in most slums in Rio de Janeiro that received these projects, is a fragile deed delivered that does not guarantee the population permanence, when, in fact, there is an actual delivery. The theme proposed by this dissertation is Land Regularization in contrast to the urban informality found in the Rio de Janeiro slums. It has been analyzed urban informality as a differentiated urban planning, therefore, it should not be seen as a problem that can be solved by land regularization. In order to understand the inclusion of land regularization as a government program in Rio de Janeiro slums, three slums were studied as field of research: Rocinha, Cantagalo and Acari (Vila Rica and Vila Esperança), all with governmental insertion and different outcomes. Thus, in order to reach the main objective, we seek to deepen the main themes through bibliographical research, documentary survey of land regularization programs and interviews with community leaders, managers of local land regularization programs and government agents. We aim to deepen the theme of land regularization and its various aspects, observing the challenges faced to guarantee the population living in the slums the right to the city.
Batista, Amanda Barros. "ROTATIVO SÃO LUÍS: Dinâmica de classificação dos guardadores de carro." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/603.
Повний текст джерелаAnalysis of discourses related to the process of classification and identification of flanelinhas who work in the public (and pay) system of rotative parking in São Luís Centre named Rotativo São Luís . The proposal of this research was to discuss what I call dynamic of classification of car guards, understood as the construction, by representatives of Car Guards Union, of classification and differentiation criteria between flanelinhas of the referred system, as well as the reasons and ways of employment of such criteria. I considered the process of classifying as capability of identify differentiations between individual and social groups, resulting, among other things, in unequal treatments or demands of behavior. In the interpretation of Pierre Bourdieu (1996, p. 110), this process would convert to what he calls social magic, once it would give existence to the nominated thing, establishing its borders and delimiting its limits.
Análises de discursos relativos aos processos de classificação e identificação de flanelinhas que trabalham no sistema público (e pago) de estacionamento rotativo, denominado Rotativo São Luís , no Centro da cidade de São Luís do Maranhão. A proposta da pesquisa foi discutir o que chamo de dinâmica de classificação dos guardadores de carro , entendida como a elaboração, por representantes do Sindicato dos Guardadores de Carro, de critérios de classificação e diferenciação entre flanelinhas do referido sistema, assim como quais as razões e formas de emprego de tais critérios. Considerei o processo de categorização como capacidade de identificar diferenciações entre indivíduos e grupos sociais, resultando, dentre outras coisas, em tratamentos desiguais ou exigências de comportamento. Na interpretação de Pierre Bourdieu (1996, p. 110), esse processo se converteria no que chama de magia social, vez que daria existência à coisa nomeada, estabelecendo fronteiras e delimitando limites.
Pinto, Matheus Rosa. "AS METAMORFOSES DO TRABALHO URBANO: O CASO DOS COMERCIANTES INFORMAIS DE SANTA MARIA RS (1980-2011)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9669.
Повний текст джерелаThe work aims to elucidate relevant points about the evolution of informal trade in the Santa Maria streets, with the time frame the years 1980 and 2011, covering the period from the effective development of informal trade on the main streets of the city, through the foundation Camelódromo Municipal in 1991, addressing its consequences, to the construction of Shopping Independence in 2010, as its first activity times. Within this crop chosen will address the relationships between those involved in the process, the government positioning, issues related to urban growth and economic situation of the city. In addition to the above, the work has to develop his notes about the history of the city of Santa Maria, the current economic scenario analysis in Brazil in crop research, reflections on the methodology employed and discussions on the concept of informality. The research was CAPES funding.
O trabalho desenvolvido visa elucidar pontos relevantes sobre a evolução do comércio informal nas ruas de Santa Maria, tendo como recorte temporal os anos de 1980 e 2011, contemplando o período do desenvolvimento efetivo do comércio informal nas principais ruas da cidade, passando pela fundação do Camelódromo Municipal, em 1991, abordando seus desdobramentos, até a construção do Shopping Independência, em 2010, tal como seus primeiros tempos de atividades. Dentro deste recorte escolhido serão abordadas as relações entre os envolvidos no processo, o posicionamento governamental, questões relacionadas ao crescimento urbano e situação econômica da cidade. Além do mencionado, o trabalho tem em seu desenvolver apontamentos sobre a história da cidade de Santa Maria, análise do quadro econômico vigente no Brasil no recorte da pesquisa, reflexões sobre a metodologia empregada e discussões sobre o conceito de informalidade. A pesquisa contou com financiamento CAPES.
Soriano, Aura Keziah. "Investigating the Gap between Informal Urbanization and Formal Planning and Governance Practices in Metro Manila, Philippines." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298486.
Повний текст джерелаKelling, Emily [Verfasser], Martina [Akademischer Betreuer] Löw, Arnold [Akademischer Betreuer] Windeler, Jorge [Akademischer Betreuer] Fiori, Colin [Akademischer Betreuer] Marx, Martina [Gutachter] Löw, Jorge [Gutachter] Fiori, and Arnold [Gutachter] Windeler. "Urban informality: space, power and legitimacy in addressing London's housing need / Emily Kelling ; Gutachter: Martina Löw, Jorge Fiori, Arnold Windeler ; Martina Löw, Arnold Windeler, Jorge Fiori, Colin Marx." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238141838/34.
Повний текст джерелаKwarteng, Ishmael Adinya. "OUR EXISTENCE MATTER : EXPERIENCES AND BELONGING OF URBAN SPACE FROM STREET HAWKERS PERSPECTIVE-A CASE STUDY OF LA-NKWANTANANG MADINA MUNICIPAL AREA." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182439.
Повний текст джерелаAlmeida, Larissa Christinne Melo de. "Habitabilidade na cidade sobre as ?guas: desafios da implanta??o de infra-estrutura de saneamento nas palafitas do Igarap? do Quarenta bairro Japiim Manaus/AM." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12423.
Повний текст джерелаCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present research if inserts in the subject of the habitation of social interest and its relation with the sanitation infra-structure questions (sewer, water, draining and garbage). Having as study universe the narrow river of the Forty , situated one in the city of Manaus, capital of Amazon, approaches questions that if present between the necessities of housing and the especificidades of the natural environment, whose characteristics evidence limits for the implantation of adequate habitations. The objective is to analyze the possibilities and the limits of the urban?stica regularization in the palafitas of the narrow rivers of Manaus, in view of the factors of habitability and ambient protection, expresses for the sanitation system - sanitary exhaustion, water supply, urban draining and garbage collection. The work approaches initially relative the conceptual aspects to the subject of social habitation in the country and its relation with the habitability factors, also focusing the question of the housing and the processes of urban informality in the city of Manaus. It deals with the process of constitution of the palafitas in the space of the city and its relation with the habitacionais politics, presenting the analysis of the implantation of the palafitas in relation to the sanitation infra-structure conditions (sewer, water, draining and garbage). As conclusion, it identifies to the possibilities and limits of urban?stica regularization of the palafitas implanted to the long one of the narrow river of the Forty , taking in consideration the systems of the sanitation infrastructure
A presente pesquisa se insere no tema da habita??o de interesse social e sua rela??o com as quest?es de infra-estrutura de saneamento (esgoto, ?gua, drenagem e lixo). Tendo como universo de estudo o Igarap? do Quarenta, situado na cidade de Manaus, capital do Amazonas, aborda quest?es que se apresentam entre as necessidades de moradia e as especificidades do meio f?sico natural, cujas caracter?sticas evidenciam limites para a implanta??o de habita??es adequadas. O objetivo ? analisar as possibilidades e os limites da regulariza??o urban?stica nas palafitas dos Igarap?s de Manaus, tendo em vista os fatores de habitabilidade e prote??o ambiental, expressos pelo sistema de saneamento esgotamento sanit?rio, abastecimento de ?gua, drenagem urbana e coleta de lixo. O trabalho aborda inicialmente os aspectos conceituais relativos ao tema de habita??o social no pa?s e sua rela??o com os fatores de habitabilidade, enfocando tamb?m a quest?o da moradia e os processos de informalidade urbana na cidade de Manaus. Trata do processo de constitui??o das palafitas no espa?o da cidade e sua rela??o com as pol?ticas habitacionais, apresentando a an?lise da implanta??o das palafitas em rela??o ?s condi??es de infra-estrutura de saneamento (esgoto, ?gua, drenagem e lixo). Como conclus?o, identifica as possibilidades e limites de regulariza??o urban?stica das palafitas implantadas ao longo do Igarap? do Quarenta, levando-se em considera??o os sistemas da infra-estrutura de saneamento
Dahdah, Assaf. "Habiter la ville sans droits : les travailleurs migrants dans les marges de Beyrouth (Liban)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3093/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime
Ha, Noa Kerstin [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Herrle, and Alexa [Akademischer Betreuer] Färber. "Handel(n) und Wandel(n) : urbane Informalität, städtische Repräsentation und migrantische Existenzsicherung in Berlin am Beispiel des mobilen Straßenhandel [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Noa Kerstin Ha. Gutachter: Peter Herrle ; Alexa Färber. Betreuer: Peter Herrle." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069159700/34.
Повний текст джерелаAoustin, Milly. "L’informalité dans le quartier de la Goutte d’Or à Paris : économie immigrante, africanité et politiques urbaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100125.
Повний текст джерелаWorks on the informal economy in the big cities in the North and in the South do not miss. Such sector is detailed, such social group is studied or such practice is analyzed but none has, until now, treated the abstract one in its globality. This research relates to the Goutte d’Or’s neighborhood in Paris, popular district with social housing, classified as disadvantaged urban area (called ZUS in France), historically invested by the migrants and where the gentrification is on progress. In this territory where the activity beats full sound, two forms of trade coexist: well-established shops, held by immigrants and the sale on the run, practiced by immigrants also. This coexistence in the French capital caused from the start a key question: which are the place, the role and the future of these forms of trade in a city in full change? The succession of the migratory waves ended in a profound social reorganization. Land of welcome of the provincial, this space passes gradually of an enclave from a North-african enclave towards an African hub, characterized by a strong immigrant identity, called africaness. This work has for objective to restore informality of Goutte d’Or’s neighborhood in its entirety, to analyze the societal and economic modalities to reveal the impacts and the territorial and political stakes
Koike, Quintanar Sayuri Adriana. "Urban structure, labor market, informal employment and gender in Mexico City." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323361.
Повний текст джерелаThere is a significant portion of the literature that identifies the way the urban structure can affect labor market outcomes by means of two factors. The former is the spatial disconnection between workers and job opportunities, and the latter is residential segregation. At present, it is common for people to live far away from the place they work. Additionally, it is well known that individuals with similar socioeconomic characteristics, such as income, tend to reside in the same neighborhood. Hence, residential segregation and the spatial disconnection between jobs’ location and individuals’ residence may have an influence on the labor market outcomes of individuals, and producing an impact on as the rate of employment, informal employment, and the level of wages. Moreover, if so, the geographic patterns of those labor market outcomes become less random and, then, involving the presence of spillover effects. The existence of spillovers means that spatial disconnection and residential segregation have a key role in determining the previous outcomes. In other words, the spatial concentration of either socio-economic disadvantages or advantages entails spillover effects both for individuals and for the neighborhoods in which they live. Under this perspective, Mexico City is an interesting case study, as we discuss extensively in this dissertation. Empirical evidence witnesses that this city suffers from spatial disconnection and residential segregation that affects the labor market outcomes of its residents. This is the core idea in which the discussion of this thesis will be built around. This dissertation targets two main objectives. The former is to analyze the relationship between urban structure, such as spatial disconnection and residential segregation, and labor market outcomes in Mexico City in 2010. The latter is to study the observed spatial patterns of selected labor marker outcomes from 1990 to 2010. Addressing these research questions is relevant because the residential choices of individuals affect an individual’s labor market outcomes through access to jobs, residential segregation, or neighborhood effects. Space turns to be an important economic factor. It can heighten either positive or negative effects of the spatial concentration of advantageous or disadvantageous opportunities, respectively. The dissertation contributes to the literature by studying the effects of access to informal jobs on employment. In order to prove this relationship, we estimate a probability model of being employed, including different types of job accessibility indices by level of education (basic and post-basic education) and labor status (formal and informal). We also estimate the decay parameter of the accessibility index. This decay parameter takes different values depending on the mode of transport and labor status. This condition indicates that job accessibility by labor status could affect the probability of being employed differently. Our results assess that the most affected by closest job opportunities were women, less educated workers and informal workers. Other contribution of this dissertation is to identify to which extent the effects of the urban structure impact on job opportunities according to the workers’ gender. We found that residential segregation has negative effects on labor-force participation for married women and that living in a deprived neighborhood decreases the probability of being a formal worker for men. Finally, we study the spatial patterns of three labor markets outcomes, namely non-employment rates, informal employment rates, and wages. We use different spatial econometric models to explain the spatial patterns of those variables, identifying endogenous and contextual effects (or global and local spillover effects, respectively). The major contribution of our analysis is studying the different kinds of labor market outcomes by gender, instead of limiting the scope to unemployment only.
Bongiovanni, Elena. "Gestione dei rifiuti in Bolivia: tecnologie appropriate e sviluppo imprenditoriale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23429/.
Повний текст джерелаGama, Stefano Herkenhoff e. "Garimpeiros Urbanos: a valorização do "lixo" e a desvalorização do trabalho (um estudo de caso com catadores de materiais recicláveis de Salvador, Bahia)." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18994.
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A reciclagem está organizada no Brasil através de uma dinâmica produtiva fracionada, em que agentes econômicos distintos executam determinadas etapas que apenas em cadeia permitem a fabricação do material reciclado. Parte da literatura acadêmica conceitua essa dinâmica como cadeia produtiva da reciclagem. O referente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar os impactos que a dinâmica dessa cadeia produtiva pode acarretar para as condições de trabalho de catadores de materiais recicláveis da Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS), Bahia (BA). Tem como base empírica uma pesquisa de campo realizada entre março e julho de 2014 com catadores de rua e trabalhadores assalariados de uma empresa de coleta e triagem de materiais recicláveis de Salvador, BA. Além disso, aproveita oito entrevistas com catadores de quatro cooperativas da RMS, realizadas no ano de 2009 (JESUS, 2010). É uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada em instrumentos metodológicos como a entrevista, a observação direta do ambiente de trabalho e o registro em diário de campo. O estudo permitiu confirmar nossa hipótese: os dados primários demonstram que a cadeia produtiva da reciclagem da RMS impõe impactos negativos as condições de trabalho dos catadores observados. Evidencia que essa cadeia, marcada pela informalidade, é interligada através de relações comerciais verticais e assimétricas, em que os agentes mais "poderosos", de acordo com a hierarquia produtiva, têm a capacidade de conferir exigências de preço, qualidade e quantidade aos agentes menos "poderosos". Tais mecanismos induzem o trabalho dos catadores observados a consequências perversas, entre as quais podemos citar: dificuldade de acesso a direitos trabalhistas; intensificação da jornada de trabalho; risco de adoecimento e de acidentes de trabalho; entre outras. Concluímos que a reciclagem da RMS está organizada a partir de uma "cascata de terceirizações": transmissão, em sequência, de parte das atividades necessárias à reciclagem e dos riscos que acarretam, para agentes econômicos inferiorizados pela hierarquia produtiva. Esses mecanismos, somados a carência de regulamentações e investimentos públicos e privados sobre as etapas iniciais e intermediárias da reciclagem, permitem a organização do que definimos como "cadeia de precarização".Brazil's recycling is organized through a fractional productive dynamics, in which distinct economic agents perform determined steps, that only if executed in chain allows the manufacture of recycled material. Part of the academic literature conceptualizes this dynamic as supply chain recycling. The referent study aims to investigate the impacts that the dynamics of this supply chain can lead to the working conditions of recyclable-material pickers in the metropolitan area of Salvador (MAS), Bahia (BA). It has as empirical basis a field research conducted between March and July in the year of 2014, with street-pickers and recyclable-material pickers employed by a company of collection and sorting of recyclable materials, located in Salvador, BA. In addition, it is based on eight interviews held with recyclable-material pickers associated with four cooperatives from the MAS, performed in 2009 (JESUS, 2010). This is a qualitative research, based on methodological tools such as interviews, direct observation of the work environment and registration in field journal. This study allowed us to confirm our hypothesis: the primary data demonstrate that the MAS supply chain recycling imposes negative impacts on the working conditions of the observed recyclable-material pickers. It evidences that this chain, characterized by informality, is connected by vertical and asymmetric business relationships, in which the "most-powerful" agents, according to the production hierarchy, has the capacity to determine price requirements, quality and quantity to the "less-powerful" agents. These mechanisms lead to perverse consequences to the recyclable-material pickers, including: difficult access to labor rights; intensification of working hours; risk of illness and workplace accidents; among others. We conclude that the recycling of MAS is organized by an "outsourcing cascade": The sequenced transmission of part of the activities necessary for recycling and consequently of the risks that can affect the economic agents, inferiorized by the production hierarchy. These mechanisms, plus the lack of regulations and public and private investments over the initial and intermediate stages of recycling, allow the organization of what we define as "precariousness chain".
Alves, Pedro. "A informalidade, uma resposta do projeto societário capitalista à questão social desemprego: o caso dos ex-bancários do Banestado em Cascavel." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2005. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2276.
Повний текст джерелаThis essay is the result of a study of choices among the alternatives that ex-bank workers of Banco do Estado do Paraná Banestado in Cascavel, who were laid off from this financial institution between 1995 and 2001. By delimiting the object within the realm of a case study, our research was delineated around understanding and analyzing, with the help of quantitative and qualitative methodological-theoretical elements based on a macro-societal, Marxian and of Marxist tradition reference content, highlighting the work The Delayed Capitalism by Ernest Mandel. The objective of this study is to understand and analyze the conditions in which these workers are today, by focusing specifically on those that are inserted in the informality realm, in the so-called autonomous or self sufficient and informal small business owner sub-sectors. At the same time, we supported these fundaments with specific literature, thus allowing us, by means of a Marxist orthodoxy, to rebuild the object in question, which made us understand that the worker, be it at the formal or informal realm, is subordinated to the capitalistic way of production, selling its merchandise work force and keeping the regime afloat. On the other hand, the informal workers who originated from the bank worker s class, find themselves in precarious conditions as far as the social, political and economic points of view are concerned, when compared with the prior working bond in the financial sector. Thus, we have identified in our research that the teleological project of the bank s ex-workers have been altered, although it did no alter the negation degree in their objective and subjective relations.
O trabalho dissertativo que ora apresentamos é resultado do estudo da escolha, entre alternativas, de trabalhadores ex-bancários do Banco do Estado do Paraná Banestado em Cascavel, desligados desta instituição financeira no período compreendido entre 1995 e 2001. Delimitado o objeto na esfera de um estudo de caso, nossa pesquisa pautou-se em compreender e analisar com elementos teórico-metodológicos quantitativos e qualitativos, fundamentados em conteúdos de referência macrossocietária, marxiana e da tradição marxista, com destaque à obra O Capitalismo Tardio, de Ernest Mandel. O estudo tem como objetivo compreender e analisar as condições atuais destes trabalhadores, com enfoque específico para aqueles que estão inseridos no universo da informalidade, nos subsetores autônomo ou por conta própria e pequeno proprietário informal . Ao mesmo tempo subsidiamos esse fundamento com literatura direcionada, permitindo-nos, por meio da ortodoxia marxista, reconstruir o objeto em questão, o que nos levou a compreender que o trabalhador, na esfera informal, assim como no trabalho formal, é subordinado ao modo capitalista de produção, vendendo sua mercadoria força de trabalho e mantendo o regime em vigência. Portanto, os trabalhadores informais, oriundos da categoria trabalhadora bancária, encontram-se atualmente em condições precárias do ponto de vista social, político e econômico, em comparação ao vínculo anterior de trabalho no setor financeiro. No entanto, identificamos em nossa pesquisa que os projetos teleológicos dos trabalhadores ex-bancários foram alterados, porquanto, não alterou o grau de negação em suas relações objetivas e subjetivas.
Miller, Rebecca. "Made in Grønland : How can a designer facilitate the activation of a community in the face of top-down regeneration?" Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-198117.
Повний текст джерелаMoura, Júnior Cosme Oliveira. "ECONOMIA, COTIDIANO E SOCIABILIDADE NO COMÉRCIO DE RUA:o caso de São Luís." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/607.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper discuss about the street trade on São Luís downtown as a popular socioeconomic practice with especific logics and linked to the processes that are lately happening at the post-fordist society. It was emphasized the study of the socioecomic aspects and the implications in the urban daily of this practice. So that it was discussed about the street commerce relations with the informal work, the local organizational system and the working division, besides the daily shapes and sociabilities. This dissertation is based on field work combined to theoric-methodological discussions, this way a construction with a socio-antropological perspective. The elementary subject of this research was the attempt to understand the street trade as a complex social practice which articulates a social working system, human relations of intimate association, customization and economy.
Este trabalho discorre sobre o comércio de rua no centro de São Luís como prática socioeconômica popular com lógicas específicas e sintonizadas com os processos que vêm acontecendo na sociedade pós-fordista. Foi destaque o estudo dos aspectos socioeconômicos e das implicações no cotidiano urbano desta prática. Para tanto se discutiu as relações do comércio de rua com o trabalho informal, o sistema organizacional local e divisão do trabalho, além de formas e sociabilidades cotidianas. Esta dissertação ancorou-se no trabalho de campo conjugado a discussões teórico-metodológicas, sendo assim uma construção com uma perspectiva sócio-antropológica. A questão elementar desta pesquisa foi a tentativa de compreender o comércio de rua como uma prática social complexa que articula um sistema social de trabalho, relações humanas de coesão, clientelização e economia.
Falco, Paolo. "Occupational choices and their outcomes in African labour markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5df582c5-99f1-4987-b88c-db66829eb49d.
Повний текст джерелаBleeker, Jate. "An Impossible Profession: How To Plan the Unplanned?" Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200830.
Повний текст джерелаEstrada, Federico. "Pouvoirs publics, commerce informel et marché du travail : étude de cas sur les transformations du centre historique à Guatemala-Ville." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0098.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral study of informal merchants of the historical zone of Guatemala City was intended to comprehend their social and political organization. The analyses were achieved from three different perspectives: the public administration and its influence over the phenomenon; the social organizational logics and the political expressions being produced. It is a qualitative thesis accomplished between 2006 and 2011. The main informants represent two different groups: merchants and employees from the Guatemala City municipality. The analysis revealed that public policies from the municipality are strategically modifying the public space in order to confront the groups that occupy the zone. This type of commerce is erasing the borders of informal and formal, creating a non regular but stable activity. Local and traditional logics are fractioning the space and the political claims. The political movement is still structuring itself and it depends on the municipality. Analyzing the social representations, we prove the modifications of contents given to the category “labor”, herby the flexibility attached to the shape and sense of labor. At the conclusions, three mayor questions arise for continuing the research on informal sectors: Given a frame of a weak Guatemalan State, which are the remaining capacities of the public sphere to intervene the social orders? What are the upcoming effects of the fusing between formal and informal sectors? What type of society could it be created from these emerging new local regulations? And what are the political criteria of the urban renewal project?