Дисертації з теми "Inflammatory component"
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1
Coltman, Clare. "Oncastatin M is a key component of the inflammatory environment in multiple sclerosis." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431302.
2
McElhanon, Kevin Edward. "Autoantibodies Targeting a Critical Component of Sarcolemma Resealing Contribute to Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy Pathophysiology." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1585998781690227.
3
Cotena, A. "The long pentraxin 3 : a key component of innate immunity, modulates the inflammatory response to non self and self ligands." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/64593.
4
Goshovska, A. V. "Features of the vascular component at the stage of the placental complex formation against a background of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18715.
5
Pokrzywa, Malgorzata. "A Drosophila Disease-Model for Transthyretin-associated Amyloidosis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1677.
6
Martineau, Sabrina. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de l'épidermolyse bulleuse simple à partir de cellules souches humaines induites à la pluripotence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ020.
Анотація:
L'Epidermolyse bulleuse simplex (EBS) est une maladie cutanée principalement causée par des mutations dominantes dans les gènes codant les kératines 5 (KRT5) ou 14 (KRT14). Elle se caractérise notamment par la présence de cloques causées par un décollement de l'épiderme et une inflammation cutanée. D'un point de vue génétique, les mutations vont altérer l'assemblage du réseau de filaments intermédiaires de kératines dans les kératinocytes basaux de l'épiderme et entrainer une cytolyse cellulaire d'où la formation de cloques intra épidermiques. Il n'existe actuellement aucune approche thérapeutique efficace. La compréhension de la maladie et le développement de thérapies, ont été entravées par le manque de modèles cellulaires humains et murins relevant.Ainsi, l'objectif général de ma thèse a consisté à exploiter les propriétés des cellules souches induites à la pluripotence (hiPSc) pour modéliser l'EBS. Dans ce but, nous avons généré des kératinocytes à partir d'hiPSc provenant de patients EBS porteurs de mutations dans le gène KRT5 (Ker-EBS), et de patients sains (Ker-WT). La comparaison des Ker-EBS et Ker-WT nous a permis de montrer que les Ker-EBS récapitulent les principaux phénotypes associés à l'EBS à savoir une diminution de la prolifération cellulaire, une augmentation de la migration cellulaire, une altération des voies de signalisation (ERK et JNK), ainsi que des agrégats de filaments intermédiaires de kératines dans le cytoplasme, tel qu'observé dans kératinocytes primaires de l'EBS. Ces résultats démontrent que notre modèle cellulaire dérivés d'hiPSc est relevant pour l'étude de l'EBS.Afin d'identifier de nouveaux mécanismes moléculaires, une analyse trancriptomique comparant les Ker-EBS aux Ker-WT, a mis en évidence 138 gènes dérégulés, révélant un enrichissement dans les processus liés à la matrice extracellulaire, au packaging de l'ADN et à la réponse inflammatoire. La composante inflammatoire dans l'EBS n'ayant été que peu décrite, la suite de mes travaux a consisté à étudier le phénotype cytokinique pro-inflammatoire. Ainsi, nous avons pu démontrer, une augmentation de l'expression de l'IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), CXCL5, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL5 dans les Ker-EBS, au niveau ARN en condition basale ou stimulée à l'IFNγ pour mimer un contexte pro- inflammatoire. Seules les chemokines CXCL10 et CXCL11 sont secrétées à forte concentration dans le surnagent de culture des Ker-EBS stimulés ou non, démontrant l'implication de ces cytokines dans l'EBS. En parallèle, afin de s'affranchir des biais notamment dus au fond génétique, au sexe, à l'âge des patients et à l'épigénétique, nous avons généré une lignée de Ker-EBS isogénique (Ker-EBS corrigée) par la technique CRISPR-Cas9. Nous avons ainsi pu démontrer que la lignée de Ker-EBS corrigée montrait une restauration du niveau d'expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoires citées précédemment, à un niveau proche des Ker-WT, confirmant un lien direct entre les mutations du gène KRT5 et la signature pro-inflammatoire. Pour conclure, notre nouveau modèle cellulaire nous a permis de reproduire les phénotypes pathologiques connus dans la littérature et de mettre en évidence une dérégulation de l'expression des cytokines pro-inflammatoire dans l'EBS, notamment CXCL10 et CXCL11. Enfin, l'ensemble de ces résultats font de ce modèle un outil pertinent pour permettre une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires associés à la pathologie, notamment la composante inflammatoire, ce qui ouvre la voie à de nouvelles approches thérapeutiquesEpidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a skin disorder caused mainly by dominant mutations in genes coding for keratin 5 (KRT5) or 14 (KRT14) genes. It is characterized by the presence of blisters caused by epidermal detachment, and by other complications such as cutaneous inflammation. From a genetic point of view, the mutations will alter the assembly of the keratin intermediate filament network in basal keratinocytes of the epidermis, leading to cell cytolysis and the formation of intra-epidermal blisters. Currently no effective therapeutic approach it is available. Understanding of the disease and the development of therapies have been hampered by the lack and limitations of relevant human cell and mouse models.So, the general aim of my thesis was to exploit the properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSc) to modelling EBS. For this purpose, we generate hiPSc-derived keratinocytes from EBS patients carrying KRT5 mutations (Ker-EBS), and from healthy patients (Ker-WT). Comparison of Ker-EBS and Ker-WT enabled to show that Ker-EBS recapitulates the main phenotypes associated with EBS, namely decreased cell proliferation, increased cell migration, altered signalling pathways (ERK and JNK), as well as aggregates of intermediate keratin filaments in the cytoplasm, as observed in primary EBS keratinocytes. These results demonstrate that our hiPSc-derived cell model is relevant for study EBS.In order to identify new molecular mechanisms, a trancriptomic analysis comparing Ker-EBS with Ker-WT revealed 138 deregulated genes, revealing an enrichment in processes linked to the extracellular matrix, DNA packaging and the inflammatory response. As the inflammatory component in EBS has been poorly described, my next step was to study the pro-inflammatory cytokine phenotype. Thus, we were able to demonstrate increased expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), CXCL5, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL5 in Ker-EBS, at RNA level under basal or IFNy-stimulated conditions to mimic a pro-inflammatory context. Only the chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 are secreted at high concentrations in the culture supernatants of stimulated and unstimulated Ker-EBS, demonstrating the involvement of these cytokines in EBS.In parallel, in order to avoid biases due to genetic background, gender, patient age and epigenetics, we generated an isogenic Ker-EBS line (corrected Ker-EBS) using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique. We were thus able to demonstrate that the corrected Ker-EBS line showed a restoration of the expression level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines mentioned above, to a level close to that of Ker-WT, confirming a direct link between mutations in the KRT5 gene and the pro-inflammatory signature.In conclusion, our new cellular model enabled us to reproduce the pathological phenotypes known in the literature, and to demonstrate deregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in EBS, notably CXCL10 and CXCL11. Taken together, these results make this model a relevant tool to allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathology, particularly the inflammatory component, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches
7
Wilson, Martin Robert. "Pulmonary inflammatory effects of environmental and surrogate environmental particulates and their components." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270524.
8
Chowdhury, Pratiti Home. "PM2.5 components and respiratory allergy： a series of in vitro studies focusing Asian cities." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227613.
9
Yamamoto, Takayuki. "Studies on the safety of food and feed, and on the effects of plant derivedanti-inflammatory components." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215596.
Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19770号
農博第2166号
新制||農||1040(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4986(農学部図書室)
32806
京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 河田 照雄, 教授 保川 清, 教授 橋本 渉
学位規則第4条第1項該当
10
MILIA, CHIARA. "Evaluation of pain components in an animal model of chronic inflammatory pain: a study towards new therapeutics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199051.
Анотація:
Il dolore cronico è una patologia cronica invalidante attualmente trattata con farmaci prevalentemente oppioidi, che comportano gravi effetti collaterali come stitichezza, depressione respiratoria, dipendenza e tolleranza. I ligandi I2 possiedono proprietà analgesiche e contrastano lo sviluppo della tolleranza se co-somministrati con oppioidi. CR4056, un nuovo farmaco I2-agonista, possiede efficacia analgesica dimostrata in diversi modelli animali di dolore cronico, in cui, inoltre, è stato osservato un forte effetto sinergico con la morfina.
Lo scopo del mio studio era quindi quello di esaminare l'interazione tra morfina e CR4056 per quanto riguarda la tolleranza agli oppioidi, per chiarire la loro interazione farmacologica.
A questo scopo, ho valutato gli effetti comportamentali della sinergia tra CR4056 e morfina sullo sviluppo e l'espressione della tolleranza nel modello CFA di dolore cronico. E’ stata anche valutata l'azione putativa di CR4056 sugli effetti collaterali indotti da oppioidi e sulla microgliosi spinale. È noto, infatti, che la microglia spinale ha un ruolo importante nel dolore cronico e nella tolleranza indotta da oppioidi, poiché in queste condizioni è stata osservata un'attivazione prolungata della microglia, legata al rilascio di fattori proinfiammatori.
Infine, abbiamo mirato a comprendere meglio la sinergia della morfina CR4056 a livello molecolare. Infatti, è stato dimostrato che i neuroni DRG di modelli animali di dolore cronico mostrano una maggiore attivazione del recettore TRPV1, dipendente della fosforilazione di PKCε e dalla sua traslocazione sulla membrana cellulare. Inoltre, molti analgesici sono in grado di inibire la fosforilazione di PKCε in neuroni sensoriali in coltura. In dati preliminari non pubblicati, abbiamo osservato che morfina e CR4056 contrastano la traslocazione di PKCε indotta da fattori infiammatori in colture primarie di DRG di ratto. Pertanto, in questo lavoro abbiamo mirato a chiarire gli effetti delle somministrazioni acute di morfina o CR4056 in DRG ex vivo da ratti trattati con CFA, mediante quantificazione della fosforilazione di PKCε e dell'espressione di TRPV1, e nel midollo spinale, mediante valutazione della microgliosi.
I miei risultati hanno dimostrato che l'infiammazione indotta da CFA ha innescato l'iperalgesia meccanica, contrastata dalla morfina o dal CR4056 in acuto. La somministrazione combinata di morfina e CR4056 ha causato una prevenzione dose-dipendente della tolleranza alla morfina, rispetto al gruppo trattato con sola morfina, in un paradigma breve (4 giorni) e lungo (14 giorni). Inoltre, quando CR4056 è stato co-somministrato con la morfina in ratti già tolleranti, è stato in grado di migliorarne l'attività analgesica. Negli stessi animali, l'attivazione della microglia spinale era maggiore nei ratti CFA, trattati con veicolo o morfina, ma non nel gruppo con somministrazione combinata di CR4056-morfina. Inoltre, la sinergia non era accompagnata da una modulazione additiva della costipazione da oppioidi.
Nei DRG L4-L5 di ratti CFA abbiamo riscontrato un aumento significativo della fosforilazione di PKC-ε e della colocalizzazione tra PKC-ε e VR1, rispetto ai controlli e agli animali trattati in acuto (con CR4056 o morfina). Negli stessi animali, la microglia spinale è risultata significativamente attivata negli animali trattati con CFA rispetto ai controlli e agli animali trattati con CR4056, ma non ai ratti trattati con morfina.
In conclusione, questi dati suggeriscono CR4056 come farmaco valido per prevenire e revertire la tolleranza agli oppioidi senza esacerbarne gli effetti collaterali. Inoltre, i dati in vitro su CR4056 e il meccanismo sinergico con morfina su PKCε sono stati validati in DRG ex vivo da ratti trattati con CFA. Ulteriori studi chiariranno gli effetti del trattamento combinato su DRG e midollo spinale al fine di comprendere il meccanismo della sinergia tra CR4056 e oppioidi.Chronic pain is a disabling and long-lasting cross-pathology condition, currently treated with mostly opioid drugs, which are leading to severe side-effects such as constipation, respiratory depression, addiction and tolerance. I2 ligands showed analgesic properties and to contrast tolerance development in co-administration with opioids. CR4056, a novel I2-agonist drug, has proved to have analgesic efficacy in several animal models of chronic pain, in which, moreover, a strong synergistic effect with morphine has been observed. The aim of my study was therefore to examine the interaction between morphine and CR4056 regarding opioid tolerance, and to elucidate their pharmacological interaction. To this scope, I assessed behavioral effects of the synergy between CR4056 and morphine on tolerance development and expression in the CFA model of chronic pain. Putative CR4056 action on opioid-induced side effects and spinal microgliosis were also assessed. It is known, in fact, that spinal microglia have an important role in chronic pain and opioid-induced tolerance, since, in these conditions, a sustained microglia activation has been observed, linked to the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Lastly, we aimed to better understand CR4056-morphine synergy at molecular level. In fact, it has been shown that DRG neurons of animal models of chronic pain display higher activation of TRPV1 receptor, depending on PKCε phosphorylation and translocation to cell membrane. Moreover, there is evidence that several analgesics are able to inhibit PKCε phosphorylation in cultured sensory neurons. Interestingly, in preliminary unpublished data, we observed that morphine and CR4056 can contrast PKCε translocation induced by inflammatory factors in primary rat DRG cultures. Therefore, in this work we aimed to elucidate the effects of acute administrations of morphine or CR4056 in ex vivo DRG from CFA-treated rats, by quantification of PKCε phosphorylation and TRPV1 expression, and in the spinal cord, by evaluation of microgliosis. My results demonstrated that CFA-induced inflammation triggered mechanical hyperalgesia, acutely counteracted by morphine or CR4056. Combined administration of morphine with CR4056 caused a dose-dependent prevention of morphine tolerance, which was established in the morphine alone treated group, in a short (4 days) and in a long paradigm (14 days). Moreover, when CR4056 was co-administered with morphine in already tolerant rats, it was able to improve morphine analgesic activity. In the same animals, spinal microglia activation was augmented in CFA-injected rats, either vehicle- or morphine-treated, but not in the group with CR4056-morphine combined administration. Besides, the synergy was not accompanied by an additive modulation of opioid-induced constipation. In L4-L5 DRG of CFA-injected rats we found a significant increase in the phosphorylation of PKC-ε, as well as in the colocalization between PKC-ε and VR1, compared to sham animals and to acutely treated animals (with CR4056 or morphine). In the same animals, activated microglial cells were significantly increased in CFA vehicle-treated animals compared to control and CR4056-treated animals, but not to morphine-treated rats. In conclusion, these data suggest that CR4056 seems to be a valid drug to prevent and rescue opioid tolerance without exacerbate side-effects. Moreover, in vitro data on CR4056 and morphine synergistic mechanism on PKCε were validated in ex vivo DRG from CFA-treated rats. Further studies will be needed to elucidate effects of combined treatment on DRG and spinal cord in order to understand the mechanism of CR4056 and opioids synergy.
11
Zhang, Xuguang. "Blood cell-derived microparticles as a potential index of inflammatory processes, and their modulation by components of the diet." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203794.
12
Chucta, Emily E. "LC-PUFA and sialyllactose modulation of intestinal permeability and the inflammatory response when challenged in the porcine intestinal cell line IPEC-J2." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu156614954555964.
13
Castro, Íris Arantes de. "Importância do componente C5 do sistema complemento para o controle de leptospirose in vivo em modelos murinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-27112014-081410/.
Анотація:
Embora camundongos sejam resistentes à infecção por Leptospira interrogans, eles têm sido pouco utilizados para se entender os mecanismos imunes efetores contra esta bactéria. Adler & Faine mostraram em 1976 que esta resistência é dependente da resposta imune, uma vez que camundongos imunossuprimidos tornavam-se suscetíveis à L. interrogans. Outros autores mostraram que camundongos portadores de imunodeficiência grave combinada também morriam após inoculação de L. interrogans. Sabendo da importância do Sistema Complemento em infecções bacterianas, investigamos se animais C5 deficientes (C5-) são mais suscetíveis à infecção por L. interrogans que animais C5 normais (C5+). Observamos que camundongos C5- possuem menores porcentagens de linfócitos T CD8+ na circulação periférica e maiores níveis de IL-12p40 no rim e de TNF e IL-6 no pulmão que os animais C5+. Animais C57Bl/6 (B6) C5+ possuem maior porcentagem de linfócitos T CD4+ que B6 C5-, além de lesões hepáticas mais intensas, mostrando um efeito dependente de C5 e do fundo genético dos camundongos.Although mice are resistant to Leptospira interrogans infection, they are not usual models to study the imune response against this bacteria. Adler and Faine demonstrated in 1976 the importance of the imune response, since immunosuppressed mice were suceptible to L. interrogans. Other authors showed that mice that had severe combined immunodeficiency also died when inoculated with L. interrogans. Due to the activity of the Complement System in infections, we analyzed whether C5 deficient (C5-) mice are more susceptible than C5 sufficient (C5+) mice to L. interrogans infection. C5- mice have lower percentages of T CD8+ lymphocytes in peripheral circulation and upper levels of IL-12p40 in the kidney and TNF and IL-6 in the lungs than C5+ mice. C57Bl/6 (B6) C5+ mice has higher percentages of T CD4+ lymphocytes than B6 C5- mice, in addition to stricter liver injures, exhibiting an effect dependent of C5 and of the genetic background.
14
Hughes, David Aled. "Regulation of lymphocyte stimulation by lipid components of lung lining fluid and changes in lipid composition in chronic inflammatory lung diseases." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46831.
15
Rosa, Paola Vendramini Ferreira. "Caracterização da resposta inflamatória na tumorigênese cutânea induzida quimicamente em camundongos selvagens e deficientes para componentes da resposta imune adaptativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-11072014-131858/.
Анотація:
O câncer representa desequilíbrio na homeostase do organismo e os mecanismos de defesa para controlar as células tumorais envolvem respostas do sistema imune inato e adaptativo, sendo que a primeira reação do organismo é a inflamação. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a resposta inflamatória em linhagens de camundongos C57BL/6, CD4KO, CD8KO, RAG e NUDE. Os animais foram tratados com o carcinógeno DMBA e o agente de promoção tumoral TPA. Os animais foram acompanhados e avaliados por 100 dias, após este período a pele tratada foi retirada e processada para análise de citocinas pró- e anti-inflamatórias e enzima mieloperoxidase (MPO). As citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias e a enzima MPO foram maiores nos animais CD4KO quando comparados aos outros grupos de animais. As linhagens C57BL/6 WT, CD4KO e NUDE foram avaliadas 48 horas após tratamento com DMBA. Os animais CD4KO apresentaram maior número de neutrófilos e citocinas pró-inflamatórias quando comparados aos grupos C57BL/6 WT e NUDE, enquanto que as citocinas anti-inflamatórias não mostraram diferenças nos 3 grupos tratados. Estes resultados sugerem que os linfócitos TCD4 participam do controle da inflamação causada pelo DMBA e TPA.Cancer represents imbalance in homeostasis and defense mechanisms to control the tumor cells involving the innate and adaptive immune responses, and the first reaction of the body is inflammation. The aim of this study was to characterize the inflammatory response in the following strains: C57BL/6 WT, CD4KO, CD8KO, RAG and NUDE mice. We treated the animals with the carcinogen DMBA as well as with TPA tumor promoting agent. The animals were followed for 100 days and evaluated after this period, the treated skin was removed and processed for analysis of pro-and anti-inflammatory and enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). The pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and MPO enzyme were higher in animals CD4KO than the other groups of animals. The C57BL/6 WT and CD4KO NUDE lines were evaluated 48 hours after treatment with DMBA. The CD4KO animals had greater numbers of neutrophils and proinflammatory cytokine than the C57BL/6 WT and NUDE mice, while anti-inflammatory cytokines showed no differences in the three treated groups. These results suggest that CD4 + T lymphocytes participate in the control of the induced by DMBA and TPA.
16
MELLO, F. A. "Avaliação do Epitélio Nasal e Componentes do Sangue em Modelos Experimentais Submetidos a Exposição ao Herbicida Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2016. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/991.
Анотація:
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Introduction: Increased sugarcane production among the rise in use of herbicides, such as the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), might causes several harm for health. Studies that evaluate the alterations due to the use of this herbicide in the hemogram and in the cells of the nasal mucosa are very important, since the information provided helps in understanding the interactions of substances as the 2,4-D with the human organism. Objective: To analyze blood count components and inflammatory infiltrate in experimental models submitted to nebulization with 2,4-D herbicide, in different time intervals and concentrations. Method: Eighty male Swiss mice were divided into four groups (n = 20): saline, low (3,71 x 10-3 grams of active ingredient per hectare), medium (6,19 x 10-3 grams of active ingredient per hectare) and high concentrations (9,28 x 10-3 grams of active ingredient per hectare). All animals were exposed to the nebulization predefined for each group for 15 minutes during different time intervals: 24, 48, 72 and 192 hours. Blood samples were taken by intracardiac puncture and after euthanasia, the muzzle of each animal was removed for mast cell quantification through toluidine blue staining and analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE). Analysis of normality was conduced using the statistical package Shapiro-Wilk, and for statistical analysis of data Two-way Anova test was performed, considering statistically significant results with p <0.05. Results: All animals in the low concentration group presented microcytosis and hypochromia within 72 hours; Eosinophilia and lymphocytosis within 48 hours. Neutrophilia was observed in the high concentration group over the 192 hour interval. The mast cell count showed significantly increased values in the high concentration group, in the time interval of 48 hours, when compared to the 24 hour period. Conclusion: In conclusion, we observed that in spite of changes in haematological values, the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide can not be considered dose-dependent and time-dependent herbicide, but it might provoke allergic reactions.
Introdução: O aumento da produção de cana-de-açúcar em conjunto com a utilização de herbicidas, como o ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) traz diversos agravos à saúde humana. Estudos que avaliam as alterações decorrentes do uso desse herbicida no hemograma e nas células da mucosa nasal são de grande importância, pois as informações fornecidas podem ser utilizadas com o intuito de ajudar na compreensão da interação dessa substância com o organismo humano. Objetivo: Analisar os componentes do sangue e infiltrado inflamatório em modelos experimentais submetidos à nebulização ao herbicida 2,4-D, em diferentes intervalos de tempo e concentrações. Metodologia: Foram utilizados 80 camundongos Swiss machos, divididos em quatro grupos (n=20): salina, baixa (3,71 x 10-3 gramas de ingrediente ativo por hectare), média (6,19 x 10-3 gramas de ingrediente ativo por hectare) e alta concentração (9,28 x 10-3 gramas de ingrediente ativo por hectare). Todos os animais foram expostos às nebulizações preconizadas para cada grupo por 15 minutos, em diferentes intervalos de tempo: 24, 48, 72 e 192 horas. A coleta das amostras de sangue foi através de punção intracardíaca e após a eutanásia, o focinho de cada animal foi retirado para a quantificação de mastócitos, através da coloração de azul de toluidina e análise do infiltrado inflamatório, pela coloração de Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE). Para a análise de normalidade foi utilizado o pacote estatístico Shapiro-Wilk e para a análise estatítica dos dados, utilizamos o teste Two-way Anova, considerando estatisticamente diferentes os resultados que apresentaram p< 0,05. Resultados: Todos os animais do grupo baixa concentração apresentaram microcitose e hipocromia no intervalo de 72 horas; eosinofilia e linfocitose no intervalo de 48 horas. Foi verificada neutrofilia no grupo alta concentração no intervalo de 192 horas. A contagem de mastócitos apresentou valores significativamente aumentados no grupo alta concentração, no intervalo de tempo de 48 horas, quando comparado ao de 24 horas. Conclusão: Em conclusão observamos que, apesar das alterações nos valores hematológicos, o herbicida ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético não pode ser considerado dose e tempo-dependentes, mas pode provocar reações alérgicas.
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Machado, de Carvalho Liliana Sofia. "Study of the expression and regulation of the autocrine loop components of the cyclooxygenase pathway and their implication in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396213.
Анотація:
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the combination of nasal polyps (NPs), chronic hypertrophic eosinophilic sinusitis, asthma and severity to any medication that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 enzymes, namely aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AERD is characterized by intense inflammation of the respiratory mucosa, with large number of activated tissue eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. The persistent inflammation likely contributes to the recurrent development of severe nasal polyposis.
The pathogenesis of AERD is not fully understood and many questions remain unsolved. However, several studies have reported that the pathogenic mechanisms of this condition may be due, at least in part, to a marked imbalance in eicosanoid metabolism, possibly increasing and perpetuating the process of inflammation. A central feature of AERD is its association with a profound overproduction and overresponsiveness to cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) occurring concomitantly with a marked underproduction and underresponsiveness to prostaglandin (PG) E2, which result in a disproportion between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. The downregulation of PG pathways impedes its mediators to participate in the attenuation of pro-inflammatory responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the pattern of cytokine expression could differentiate patients with AERD and patients with asthma or eosinophilic sinusitis who tolerate aspirin.
We hypothesized that the characteristics of the inflammatory airway milieu (cytokine profile) in AERD is responsible for the deficient expression of EP2 , modifying its capacity to respond to PGE2, resulting in an altered regulation of the autocrine positive loop of the COX pathway that contributes to the exacerbated inflammation and remodeling processes usually present in AERD.
In summary, this study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the inflammatory environment in the airways of patients with AERD induces alterations in the expression of EP2. This anomaly alters the induction of interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI), the main factor receptor responsible for the activation of COX-2 by interleukin (IL)-1β, which, in turn, results in a low production of PGE2 which, associated with the low expression of the EP2 receptor, alters the autocrine feedback loop that regulates the COX pathway. The EP2 receptor plays a central role in the alteration of PGE2 synthesis, since its reestablishment can recover the normal function of the autocrine loop and thereby normalizing the expression and function of all the components that constitute it (IL-1RI, COX-2, microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and PGE2). The
decrease in the synthesis of PGE2 may contribute to the perpetuation of the eosinophilic inflammation and remodeling processes in the airways of patients who suffer from AERD.La enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por antiinflamatorios no esteroides (EREA) se caracteriza por la presencia de asma bronquial, rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales e hipersensibilidad a la aspirina y otros antiinflamatorios no esteroides. La inflamación de las vías aéreas en los pacientes con EREA se ha relacionada con diversas alteraciones en el metabolismo del ácido araquidónico (AA) las cuales podrían contribuir al incremento y perpetuación de los procesos inflamatorios. Además, estudios recientes también han demostrado que el perfil de citocinas (sobreexpresión de interferón (IFN)-γ e interleucina (IL)-4) en las vías aéreas, podría tener un papel relevante en la regulación del metabolismo del AA en la EREA. La hipótesis general del estudio establece que las características del entorno inflamatorio de las vías aéreas (perfil de citocinas) en la EREA es responsable de la expresión deficiente del receptor EP2, modificando su capacidad de responder a la PGE2, lo que provoca una alteración en la regulación del bucle de retroalimentación positivo autocrina de la vía de la COX, lo cual contribuye a la inflamación descontrolada y a los procesos de remodelado de las vías aéreas normalmente presentes en la EREA. En suma, este estudio aporta evidencias que soportan la hipótesis de que el entorno inflamatorio en las vías aéreas de los pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por antiinflamatorios no esteroides induce la alteración en la expresión del receptor EP2 de la PGE2. Esta anomalía altera la inducción del receptor tipo I de la interleucina-1 (IL-1RI), principal responsable de la activación de la COX-2 por la citocina IL-1β, lo que, a su vez, da como resultado una baja producción de PGE2 que asociada a la baja expresión de su receptor EP2 altera el bucle de retroalimentación autocrina que regula la vía de la COX. El receptor EP2 juega un papel central en la alteración de la síntesis de la prostaglandina E2 ya que su reparación permite recuperar el funcionamiento normal del bucle autocrino y con ello la normalización en la expresión y funcionamiento de todos los componentes del mismo (IL-1RI, COX-2, PGE sintasa microsomal-1 (mPGES-1) y PGE2). La disminución en la síntesis de PGE2 contribuye a perpetuar la inflamación eosinofílica y el proceso de remodelado de las vías aéreas de los pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por antiinflamatorios no esteroides.
18
Tonin, Alexandre Alberto. "Componentes dos sistemas purinérgico e colinérgico nos processos inflamatórios e neurológicos em roedores infectados experimentalmente com Toxoplasma gondii." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4135.
Анотація:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoToxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, often leading to functional, biochemical and structural changes, especially in the central nervous system. These changes are usually accompanied by a marked immune-inflammatory response, in immunocompetent hosts. Primary infections with T. gondii stimulate production of high levels of interleukins, such as IL-12 and IFN-γ, by cells of the innate immune system, being central efforts to resistance to the disease. In terms of immune response, the purinergic and cholinergic systems have some well-defined properties, but we still without much information on the interrelation of these properties with toxoplasmosis. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the activities of the (1) E-NTPDase and E-ADA in lymphocytes; (2) AChE on total blood and lymphocytes, and BChE on serum, using the RH (virulent) strain of T. gondii, with sampling on day 5 and 10 post-infection (pi); and (3) assess the purine levels and E-ADA activity in brain, using strains RH and Me-49 (cystogenic). First assessment´s result demonstrated that the hydrolysis of ATP and ADP was increased, as well as the E-ADA activity also was increased. In the second experiment, there was an increase in AChE activity on lymphocytes and on whole blood. Finally, on the third experiment, it was found, in infection with RH, a significant increase of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, hypoxanthine and xanthine levels, along with a reduction of inosine levels. Animals infected with the strain Me-49 showed increased concentrations of ATP and ADP, followed by a reduction of nucleotides and nucleosides levels. Regarding to E-ADA activity, it was observed a reduction on its activity on RH infection, and initially for Me-49 infection; however, E-ADA increased its activity, for this cystogenic at the end of the third experiment. The evaluations of E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities led to the preposition that their hydrolytic activity would be linked to a mechanism of protection against secondary tissue damage, possibly generated by an exacerbated response against T. gondii infection. Additionally, the data of AChE activity, in corresponding samples, confirm the onset of a pro-inflammatory response, corroborating with the hypothesis of necessity of a modulation mechanism. On brain tissue, the experimental model using RH strain repeated its pro-inflammatory pattern, with data of this pattern better observed in a long run, when the results of Me-49 study were evaluated. On Me-49 infection model, it was observed an increase in extracellular ATP, at the beginning of infection, with histopathology data showing inflammatory infiltrate and identification of tissue cysts later on the experiment. Finally, in this last period, it was observed a decrease in purine´s concentration, most likely as a result of the aggravation of local cellular condition, due to the disease´s evolution. Therefore, it was possible to observe that there was a direct involvement of purinergic and cholinergic systems on immunomodulation of experimental toxoplasmosis, with virulent or cystogenic strains, contributing to the establishment of an adequate immune response on the parasite, and also to a mechanism of tissue damage reduction, which is normally associated with direct parasite damage and excessive immune response.
A toxoplasmose é doença zoonótica causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, podendo levar à alterações funcionais, bioquímicas e estruturais, especialmente no sistema nervoso central. Estas, geralmente, são acompanhadas por uma marcante resposta imunoinflamatória em hospedeiros imunocompetentes. Infecções primárias com T. gondii estimulam a produção de altos níveis de citocinas, tais como IL-12 e IFN-γ, pelas células do sistema imune inato, consistindo em um ponto principal no controle do parasito e resistência a doença. Em se tratando de resposta imune, os sistemas purinérgico e colinérgicos possuem algumas propriedades bem definidas, porém sem muitas informações sobre a inter-relação destes com a toxoplasmose. Desta maneira, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as atividades (1) da E-NTPDase e E-ADA em linfócitos; (2) da AChE no sangue total e linfócitos, e BChE no soro; utilizando a cepa RH (virulenta) do T. gondii; e (3) avaliar os níveis de purinas e atividade da E-ADA no cérebro, utilizando-se as cepas RH e Me-49 (cistogênica). Os resultados da primeira avaliação demonstraram que a hidrólise do ATP e ADP foram aumentadas, bem como a atividade da E-ADA também esteve aumentada. No segundo experimento, observou-se um aumento na atividade da AChE nos linfócitos e no sangue total. Por fim, no terceiro experimento, verificou-se na infecção com a cepa RH um aumento nos níveis de ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosina, hipoxantina e xantina, e redução nos níveis de inosina. Nos animais infectados com a cepa Me-49, observaram-se inicialmente um aumentos nas concentrações de ATP e ADP, seguido de uma redução na concentração dos nucleotídeos e nucleosídeos. Em relação à atividade da E-ADA, verificou-se uma redução na infecção pela cepa RH, e inicialmente para a cepa Me-49, porém a E-ADA aumentou suas atividades para esta cepa cistogênica no final do experimento. A avaliação das atividades da E-NTPDase e E-ADA levou a preposição de que seus comportamentos hidrolíticos estariam ligados a um mecanismo de proteção contra danos teciduais secundários, possivelmente gerados respostas exacerbadas a infecção pelo T. gondii. Adicionalmente, os dados da atividade da AChE, em amostras correspondentes, comprovaram o estabelecimento de uma resposta pró-inflamatória, corroborando com a hipótese da necessidade de um mecanismo de modulação. No tecido cerebral, a cepa RH repetiu o seu comportamento pró-inflamatório, e este comportamento pode ser analisado em longo prazo, no estudo que envolveu a cepa Me-49. Neste modelo, observou-se um aumento do ATP extracelular no início da infecção, como dados de histopatologia mostrando infiltrado inflamatório e a identificação de cistos teciduais tardiamente. Por fim, neste último período, observou-se uma diminuição na concentração das purinas, muito provavelmente em consequência da agravação da condição celular local em decorrência da evolução da infecção. Desta forma, foi possível se observar que existe uma participação direta dos sistemas purinérgico e colinérgico na imunomodulação da toxoplasmose experimental com cepas virulenta ou cistogênica, contribuindo para a instalação de uma resposta imune celular adequada ao parasito, e para um mecanismo de redução de danos teciduais associados a danos parasitários diretos e a resposta imune exacerbada.
19
Kouloura, Eirini. "Phytochemical investigation of Acronychia species using NMR and LC-MS based dereplication and metabolomics approaches." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P636/document.
Анотація:
Les plantes médicinales constituent une source inexhaustible de composés (des produits naturels - PN) utilisé en médecine pour la prévention et le traitement de diverses maladies. L'introduction de nouvelles technologies et méthodes dans le domaine de la chimie des produits naturels a permis le développement de méthodes ‘high throughput’ pour la détermination de la composition chimique des extraits de plantes, l'évaluation de leurs propriétés et l'exploration de leur potentiel en tant que candidats médicaments. Dernièrement, la métabolomique, une approche intégrée incorporant les avantages des technologies d'analyse moderne et la puissance de la bioinformatique s’est révélé un outil efficace dans la biologie des systèmes. En particulier, l'application de la métabolomique pour la découverte de nouveaux composés bioactifs constitue un domaine émergent dans la chimie des produits naturels. Dans ce contexte, le genre Acronychia de la famille des Rutaceae a été choisi sur la base de son usage en médecine traditionnelle pour ses propriétés antimicrobienne, antipyrétique, antispasmodique et anti-inflammatoire. Nombre de méthodes chromatographiques modernes, spectrométriques et spectroscopiques sont utilisées pour l'exploration de leur contenu en métabolites suivant trois axes principaux constituant les trois chapitres de cette thèse. En bref, le premier chapitre décrit l’étude phytochimique d’Acronychia pedunculata, l’identification des métabolites secondaires contenus dans cette espèce et l'évaluation de leurs propriétés biologiques. Le deuxième chapitre vise au développement de méthodes analytiques pour l'identification des dimères d’acétophénones (marqueurs chimiotaxonomiques du genre) et aux stratégies utilisées pour la déréplication de ces différents extraits et la caractérisation chimique des composés par UHPLC-HRMSn. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur l'application de méthodologies métabolomique (RMN et LC-MS) pour l'analyse comparative (entre les différentes espèces, origines, organes), pour des études chimiotaxonomiques (entre les espèces) et pour la corrélation des composés contenus avec une activité pharmacologiqueMedicinal plants constitute an unfailing source of compounds (natural products – NPs) utilised in medicine for the prevention and treatment of various deceases. The introduction of new technologies and methods in the field of natural products chemistry enabled the development of high throughput methodologies for the chemical composition determination of plant extracts, evaluation of their properties and the exploration of their potentials as drug candidates. Lately, metabolomics, an integrated approach incorporating the advantages of modern analytical technologies and the power of bioinformatics has been proven an efficient tool in systems biology. In particular, the application of metabolomics for the discovery of new bioactive compounds constitutes an emerging field in natural products chemistry. In this context, Acronychia genus of Rutaceae family was selected based on its well-known traditional use as antimicrobial, antipyretic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent. Modern chromatographic, spectrometric and spectroscopic methods were utilised for the exploration of their metabolite content following three basic axes constituting the three chapters of this thesis. Briefly, the first chapter describes the phytochemical investigation of Acronychia pedunculata, the identification of secondary metabolites contained in this species and evaluation of their biological properties. The second chapter refers to the development of analytical methods for the identification of acetophenones (chemotaxonomic markers of the genus) and to the dereplication strategies for the chemical characterisation of extracts by UHPLC-HRMSn. The third chapter focuses on the application of metabolomic methodologies (LC-MS & NMR) for comparative analysis (between different species, origins, organs), chemotaxonomic studies (between species) and compound-activity correlations
20
Yin, Yu-Fang, and 尹宥芳. "Component analysis and anti-inflammatory effect of Crataegi Fructus." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01669101040979007961.
Анотація:
碩士中山醫學大學
生物化學研究所
91
In the past decade polyphenol compound has been reported to have antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects. In the present study, we investigated anti-inflammatory mechanisms effect of Crataegi Fructus which provided with antioxidant activity. In components analysis of CF-TP, total phenols, flavonoids, procyanidins and catechin, epi-catechin, hyperoside contents are 3.58%, 1.84%, 1.83%, and 0.0123, 0.0212, 0.0049mg respectively. The inhibition of xanthine oxidase revealed dose-dependent, and IC50 concentration about 1.22mg/mL. Furthermore, CF-TP, CF-Fs, procyanidins and hyperoside in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW 264.7 ) inflammatory responses model shows that CF-TP (0.5-2.0mg/mL)、CF-Fs(0.1-0.75mg/mL) and hyperoside (1-50mM) decreased nitrite and TNF-a release, but procyanidins(0.05-0.25mg/mL) increased nitrite and TNF-a release. CF-Fs, procyanidins and hyperoside decreased PGE2 release. Western blot analysis revealed hyperoside inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and phospho-IkBa protein expression. Our results suggest that Crataegi Fructus have anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibition of IkBa phosphorylation. It may contribute to its cancer chemopreventive potential in the future.
21
Liu, Hsin-Lan, and 劉馨嵐. "Analyses of functional component in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. and their anti-inflammatory activities." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42964050719980255381.
Анотація:
博士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
103
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Banzhilian; S. barbata), a traditional medicinal herb, has been reported to possess anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation and antipyretic activities. However, the composition of functional components in S. barbata and its anti-inflammatory activities have not been completely expolored. The objectives of this study were to determine the content of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids and chlorophylls in S. barbata extracts. In this study carotenoids in S. barbata were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry methods with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode (HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS). The results showed that a total of 19 carotenoids including internal standard were separated within 37 min by employing a YMC C30 column and a gradient mobile phase composed of methanol-acetonitrile (86:14, v/v) and methylene chloride. The various carotrnoids in S. barbata were identified and quantified using internal standard all-trans-β-apo-8′-carotenal, in which all-trans-lutein and its cis isomers constituted the largest portion, followed by all-trans-β-carotene and its cis isomers. A high recovery of 93.0–100.9% and a high reproducibility were obtained with this method. This would allow determination of carotenoids in herbal samples, and provide a basis for possible production of functional foods with S. barbata D. Don as raw material. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were shown to contain total phenolics, total flavonoids, carotenoids and chlorophylls. The ethanol extract was shown to contain a higher level of total phenolics and total flavonoids, while the ethyl acetate extract contained a higher content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. For the total amount of functional components, the ethanol extract was about twice higher than the ethyl acetate extract. The ethanol extract was found to contain hydroxychlorophyll b, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll b′, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a′, pheophytin b, hydroxypheophytin a, hydroxypheophytin a′, pheophytin a and pheophytin a′, in which pheophytin a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a′ and chlorophyll b′ constituted the largest portion. Similarly, the ethyl acetate extract contained hydroxychlorophyll b, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll b′, 15-OH-lactone chlorophyll a, hydroxychlorophyll a, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a′, pheophytin b, hydroxypheophytin a, hydroxypheophytin a′, pheophytin a and pheophytin a′, in which chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a′, pheophytin a and chlorophyll b’ accounted for the largest portion. For the total chlorophylls, the ethyl acetate extract contained a higher amount than the ethanol extract, which can be attributed to a lower polarity of ethyl acetate. The objectives of the further study were to determine the variety and amount of various functional components in S. barbata as well as study the anti-inflammatory activity on RAW264.7 cells. Both extracts could significantly inhibit (p＜0.05) the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interlukin-6 (IL-6) and interlukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as p-ERK and p-JNK, but failed to retard tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression. This outcome suggested that S. barbata extract may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for possible future biomedical application.
22
Yang, Ting-Yu, and 楊庭瑜. "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic potential of flavokawain A, a major component of Kava-Kava." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s8r2s4.
Анотація:
碩士中國醫藥大學
營養學系碩士班
102
Abnormal regulation of inflammatory response caused various pathological conditions, including the development of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. However, strict regulation of inflammation can reduce the incidence of disease and the impact of life. Flavokawain A (FKA), a chalcone isolated from the rhizomes of Piper methysticum, also known as “Kawa” by the Pacific Islanders. Recent studies reported that FKA possesses anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of Flavokawain A on spleenocytes, a immune cell regulating systemic inflammation was poorly understood. Spleen is part of the immune system, which contain variety of immune cells regulating systemic inflammation. In this thesis research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, anti-pancreatitis and anti-vascular fibrosis effects of FKA utilizing various in vitro and in vivo models. The experimental design was divided into three parts. The result of first experiment was designed shows that FKA treatment significantly decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This data suggest that FKA possessed strong anti-inflammatory effect. To further examine, the inflammation in spleenocytes were induced by LPS and then the anti-inflammatory effect of FKA was examined. Treatment with FKA significantly inhibited intracellular ROS generation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) production. In addition FKA treatment significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of inflammatory genes such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-??, and IL-1?? in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of pro-inflammatory genes by FKA was mediated by suppression of their corresponding transcription factor NF-?羠. In addition, several studies reported that regulating redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 to achieve the effect of anti-inflammation. In the present study, we also found that FKA can stimulate basal ROS, thus prompting the transcriptional activation of Nrf2 and transcription of antioxidant genes including NQO-1, γ-GCLC, HO-1. Based on the results, FKA has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. In the second set of experiment, we investigated the functional alteration of splenocytes in severe acute pancreatitis of FKA treated. Treatment with FKA significantly decreased blood lipase activity in CCK-8-induced acute pancreatitis in experimental mice. Appropriate pro / anti-inflammatory cytokines and Th1/Th2 cytokines will maintain a balance in human, but this model will cause unnormal immune response with spleen injury, and then pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines is a tendency to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, FKA significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1??, IL-6, and TNF-??. In the third set of experiment, the anti-vascular fibrosis effect of FKA was examined. Vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) were pretreated with FKA and fibrosis was induced by TGF??1. Result shows that FKA treatment significantly inhibited the TGF??1-induced ??-SMA and fibronectin expression in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of ??-SMA and fibronection by FKA was mediated by suppression of smad2/smad3 activation. FKA also significantly reduced nuclear translocation of smad3 but not smad2 and inhibits transcriptional activity of Smad3. We also observed that treatment with FKA significantly inhibited TGFβ1-induced migration and invasion of smooth muscle cells. The inhibition of migration and invasion by FKA is associated with down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression in smooth muscle cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that FKA has a potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. By acute pancreatitis in animal experiments, FKA also proved that it reduce the immune function and protects spleen function. FKA inhibited TGFβ1-induced vascular fibrosis, which support that it is potential agent for cardiovascular diseases. We believe that FKA may be an attracting candidate for the development of function food and nuetraceutical supplement.
23
He, Jyun-Yang, and 賀鈞暘. "Anti-inflammatory Activities of Rice Bran Functional Components." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ju93nw.
Анотація:
碩士亞洲大學
生物科技學系碩士班
101
Bran layer of rice grain is rich in nutrients, especially the peculiar and precious ingredients γ-oryzanol and tocotrienols. However, most people do not benefit with them, because they prefer the polished rice, which is produced by milling process to remove the bran layer. As both ingredients bear antioxidant activity, they may decrease the free radical damages derived from over-responded inflammation which could result in cell death or neoplasm. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the rice bran functional components with the extracts produced by refining and concentration. For prerequisite of developing natural products is to assure raw materials production stable and their compositions consistent, Tainong #71 rice was selected in this study. It’s quite a long time, health foods have been applied on the treatment for chronic diseases. It would be very valuable for health foods which can potentially enhance anti-inflammatory immune response. In this project, we used the functional components of rice bran as research material. To have an in depth understanding of the molecular basis and efficacy of the materials, the detection of gene expression such as Trem-1, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and CCL2 of leukocytes after treatment was performed in this project. All of the experiments using Real-time PCR were done, the dose-dependent activity of rice bran extracts was further evaluated. In this study, the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS including IL-6、iNOS、PGE2 and CCL2 could be suppressed after administrated with extract of rice bran functional components for six weeks compared with the positive control group by Real-Time PCR. The 10mg extract intake group showed most significanti anti-inflammatory effect. .Using flow cytometry to analysis surface marker of Trem-1 macrophages as indication of inflammation for evaluating anti-inflammatory effect of rice bran on immune cells. Upon 2, 4 and 6 weeks of intake rice bran results suggest 10mg intake group showed significantly reduced Trem-1 protein response. Further analysis showed taking rice bran extract does have anti-inflammatory effect in mice with daily oral intake of 10mg yield the best result. This study clearly suggests rice bran contains functional components that have anti-inflammatory effect.
24
Chen, Kuan-Chang, and 陳冠彰. "A Study on Anti-inflammatory Components of Milk Powder." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15341734360315386068.
Анотація:
碩士朝陽科技大學
應用化學系生化科技碩博士班
102
Dehydrated milk (Milk powder) is an important international food commodity that is used as a major or minor ingredient in many processed food products. Drinking milk is thought to a useful approach to control inflammation associated diseases, however, little is known about the key anti-inflammatory compounds in milk powder. This study was designed to identify the anti-inflammatory compounds from various milk powder samples which include commercial milk powder, skimmed milk powder, and whey protein. Milk powder samples were extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and then the combined extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude extract. Separation of pure compounds MB-1 and MB-2 from the crude extracts were achieved with semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (SP-HPLC) followed by analytical HPLC. The crude extracts and pure compounds were examined for their growth inhibitory properties against nitric oxide (NO). The milk extracts was analyzed by analytical HPLC. MB-1 analysis using positive mode by ESI-MS. Our results showed MB-1 molecular weight is 679.8 g/mol, and only found in the X products.It may be a new anti-inflammatory compound in the milk. MB-2 was analysis by ESI-MS. MB-2 molecular weight is 475.0 g/mol. MB-2 compared with two common livestock drug that had similar molecular weight. MB-2 has a specific difference between the two compounds in the NMR spectrum. It may be another new anti-inflammatory component in the milk, and the NMR spectrum with the interference effect. Currently MB-1 and MB-2 NMR spectrum are ask Professionals to interpret. Analytical HPLC showed that had different contents of anti-inflammatory compounds in milk extracts, but we don’t had standard to confirm the content of the anti-inflammatory compounds. After, need more in-depth discussion.
25
Chen, Wei-Yu, and 陳威宇. "Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory components of Notopterygii Rhizoma." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50406363341414093160.
Анотація:
碩士國立嘉義大學
微生物免疫與生物藥學系研究所
99
Notopterygii Rhizoma, the dried rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang or Notopterygium forbesii Boiss (Umbelliferae), is a famous traditional Chinese medicine which has pain-relieving effects. It contains a variety of coumarins, polyacetylenes, and phenolic compounds. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the dried rhizome of N. forbesii, including stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, fucusterol mixture, pregenolone, isoimperatorin, notopterol, notoptol, nodakenin, bergapten, bergaptol, phenethyl ferulate, hydroxyphenethyl anisate, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid. Eighteen commercial herbal medicines of Notopterygii Rhizoma were analyzed by HPLC and GC/MS. The contents of notopterol and isoimperaorin were significantly different among the commercial herbal medicines. Ultrasonic extraction with 70% EtOH for 2 hours of the commercial herbal medicines of Notopterygii Rhizoma had resulted in good outcomes on extraction. The data of GC/MS analysis showed the quality of Notopterygii Rhizoma were corelated with the content of monoterpeoids. The 50% DPPH radical scavenging concentration (SC50) of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and bergaptol were 77.29±0.32, 93.48±1.61, and 95.64±2.39 μM, respectively. These compounds were firstly examined for their cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophages by MTT assay, and their properties of inhibiting percentage on NO releasing by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage were evaluated. The results showed phenethyl ferulate and notopterol have inhibition on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, and all compounds didn’t have cytotoxity. In conclusion, we have succeddfully isolated thirteen compounds from root of Notopterygii Rhizoma. Notopterol and phenethyl ferulate exhibited anti-inflammatory property of Notopterygii Rhizoma. The results also suggested that the rhizome of N. forbesii had anti-inflammatory activity and anti-oxidative activity. The quantitative information of each compound in N. forbesii may provide a standard for quality control on the related products.
26
Forsskåhl, Sophia Katarina. "Altered expression of inflammasome components in inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392520.
Анотація:
The inflammasome complex is a multiprotein complex that may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by secreting the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and inducing pyroptosis, as a response to signals through several inflammasome sensors. This study looked at the expression of several inflammasome components in the ileum and colon of patients suffering from IBD. The inflammasome sensors NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM2 and pyrin were upregulated in whole intestinal tissue of IBD patients, particularly in the colon. NLRP6 expression was increased in the colon of Crohn's disease patients, but not ulcerative colitis patients relative to colon of controls, and was reduced in the ileum of Crohn's disease patients compared to control ileum. Expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, but not IL-18, were also increased in ileum and colon tissue from Crohn's patients. To identify the cell type where inflammasome expression was altered in Crohn’s disease, transcription of inflammasome subunits in intestinal tissue enriched for epithelial cells or lamina propria (LP) cells was analysed. These analyses indicated that LP cells have greater expression of the inflammasome sensors NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM2 and pyrin relative to epithelial cells, both during disease and in control tissue. Moreover, LP cells from Crohn’s patients have higher expression level of NLRP1, AIM2 and pyrin than LP cells from controls. In contrast the inflammasome sensor NLRP6 was more highly expressed by epithelial cells relative to LP cells in general, and NLRP6 expression in LP cells from IBD patients was lower than that observed in LP cells from controls. The observed differential expression of inflammasome components in controls versus IBD intestine and in different cellular fractions of intestinal tissue highlight the importance of understanding the role of the inflammasome in IBD and hints at the possibility of targeting the inflammasome pathway as a future treatment strategy.
27
Lin, Han-Rong, and 林含蓉. "Study of Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Components in Aplinia galanga." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67280647719590549319.
Анотація:
碩士國立嘉義大學
食品科學系研究所
99
The rhizomes of galangal (Alpinia galanga) were dried by the drier at low tempature and low humidity setting. The dried rhizomes were ground into powder, and then extracted with 95 % ethanol and concentrated by rotary evaporator under vacuum. This ethanol extract was further extracted using hexane followed by ethyl acetate. The evaluation of the antioxidative ability was done for all the above extracts. AG-EtOAc showed the best free radical scavenging ability in DPPH methanol and its IC50 value was 139 μg/mL. AG-EtOAc extract was further purified by Sephadex LH-20 and preparative reversed phase chromatography. Eleven fractions were obtained from Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. The antioxidant assays, the polyphenolic content assays and anti-inflammatory assays were carried out for those high recovery fractions (AG-EtOAc F7-F11). Among which, AG-EtOAc F-8 showed the highest antioxidative ability with 716 mg/g (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TEAC), and it also showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on NO production and iNOS protein expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells at 1.0 μg/mL. Another fraction, AG-EtOAc F-9, revealed the highest flavonoid and polyphenol contents at 500 mg/g and 106 mg/g, respectively. The inhibitory effect on NO production and COX-2 protein expression induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells at 2.5 μg/mL also was exceptionally high. AG-EtOAc F-8 and F-9 were further purified by preparative RP chromatography, TLC Silica gel RP-18 and TLC Silica gel 60. The structural identifications of AG-8 and AG-9 were performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The results indicated that AG-8 and AG-9 were 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one and bisdemethoxycurcumin, respectively. These two compounds are known compounds and have high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory ability. Nonetheless, this is the first time to identify them in Alpinia galanga grown in Taiwan.
28
Adams, Jeffrey Lynn. "Induction of inflammatory cytokines by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and its cell wall components." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31626810.html.
29
CHEN, YI-CHUN, and 陳怡君. "Analysis of functional components and their anti-inflammatory properties of Eureka Lemons." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r7g5g8.
Анотація:
碩士弘光科技大學
食品科技所
106
Citrus Fruits are one of the most important cash crops in the world. The world annual production rate is 13 million tons and Taiwan produces 36 thousand tons per year. However, approximately 34% is made into fruit juice and all sorts of processed products, thus, large amounts of peel is discarded.Peel contains Limonin, Phenolic acid compounds, Flavonoids, Phytosterols, essential oils, dietary fibers and various active composition. These composition are useed to prevent gastrointestinal diseases, chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer etc. Therefore, the reuse of discarded peel has into focus in recent years.In this study, we analyze the essential oils, active composition and anti-oxidation properties of lemon peel from Pingtung(PIF), Taichung(TXG), and Nantou(NTO). Then we use the best properties of lemon peel to analyze the cell survival rates and anti-inflammatory abilities. In the first part, we compare the yield of essential oils and anti-oxidation abilities of Eureka Lemons from different places of PIF,TXG and NTO. Essential oil content is between 2.03-2.60% and main component is the monoterpene limonene. Followed by γ-terpinene, PIF 10.49%, TXG 9.94% and NTO 9.28%. At a concentration of 0.12mg/ml, PIF essential oils showed best DPPH free radical clearance of 56.09%, and at a concentration of 0.07mg/ml, best ABTS free radical clearance was also found using PIF essential oils, showing clearance of 34.29%. In the second part, we compare the functional composition of Eureka Lemons. Limonin content is between 341.64-126.58 mg/100g, Synephrine content is between 31.50-8.64 mg/100g, Phytosterol content is between 16.56-4.18 mg/100g. For all these composition, we toward the highest content is PIF. Then analyze the mainly identify 3 types of phenol compounds: Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid show the highest content is PIF too. Peel from PIF again contains the highest content, with 30.62 mg/100g. Flavonoid compounds: Naringin and Hesperidn, show the highest content is PIF too, with 278.50 mg/100 g. In the third part, we perform anti-inflammation test using PIF Eureka Lemon essential oils and peel extractions using different solvents. Results show that the essential oil almost entirely suppressed the production of TNF-α and IL-6. At a concentration of 0.05%, the suppression rate was 65.61% and 80.14% respectively, and at 0.025%, the rates were 60.85% and 72.99% respectively. Extractions using either methanol, ethanol or water were all able to suppress the production of TNF-α. At a concentration of 0.05%, the suppression rate is 45.52%, 42.98%, and 31.38% for extractions using methanol, ethanol, and water respectively. At 0.03%, the rates are 41.51%, 32.60%, and 31.21% respectively. And at 0.025%, the rates are 34.47%, 29.04%, and 15.91% respectively. As for IL-6, extractions using either methanol, ethanol, or water are also all able to suppress its production. At a concentration of 0.05%, the suppression rate is 81.21%, 80.04%, and 45.71% for extractions using methanol, ethanol, and water respectively. At 0.03%, the rates are 77.31%, 76.61%, and 40.64% respectively. And at 0.025%, the rates are 76.19%, 68.28%, and 36.84% respectively. In general, we find that the amount of suppression for both TNF-α and IL-6 of the extractions is in the sequence: methanol > ethanol > water. Based on the results above, we prove that both Lemon essential oils and their peel extractions have anti-inflammatory abilities. Keywords: Eureka Lemons, Essential oils, Flavonoids, anti-inflammatory
30
Lee, Ming-Yi, and 李明怡. "Isolation and identification of antitumor and anti-inflammatory active components from adlay bran." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20905583499156011555.
Анотація:
博士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
96
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf ) is an one year grass crop that has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat tumor and inflammation. Recent studies have continuously demonstrated the physiological effects of adlay and reveal that duhulled adlay posseses a higher anti-tumor and anti-inflammation activity than polished adlay. In summation of references, the adlay seeds contain some anti-tumor or anti-inflammation active compounds especially in the adlay bran. However, the active constituents involved in anti-tumor or anti-inflammation activity are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of our study is based on to discuss function of anti-tumor and anti-inflammation in food, to separate and identify the physiological effective constituents contained in adlay bran via active fractions. The study results show that the ethyl acetate fraction from adlay bran methanolic extract (ABM-EtOAc) had the highest ability to reduce survival rate of lung and colorectal carcinoma cell. It is also found that inhibition of cell cycle phase change, and cell apoptosis. Concerning anti-inflammation research, ABM-EtOAc and ABM-BuOH subfractions all inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β which released from RAW 264.7. Furthermore, ABM-EtOAc and ABM-BuOH subfractions inhibit COX-2 expression of A549 and HT29 at 50 μg/ml concentration, while constitutive COX-1 expression is not affected. Moreover, the ABM-BuOH subfraction is the best. Thus, these results indicate that ABM-EtOAc and ABM-BuOH subfractions must have some anti-tumor or anti-inflammation active compounds. They inhibit cancer cell growth by promoting apoptosis of cancer cell. The chemical compound of plant has preventative effects on chronic inflammation-related cancer. Furthermore, 25 pure compounds are isolated and identified by inhibiting growth of lung cancer and colon cancer. The coixspirolactam A, coixspirolactam B, and coixspirolactam C are newly identified compounds. Caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3-O-coumaroyl-5β-sitostanol, 3-O-caffeoyl-5β-sitostanol, methyl dioxindole-3-acetate and 24,25-oxidocycloartanol are first isolated from adlay. From the anti-tumor activity test, it shows that there are only Caffeic acid, Protocatechuic acid, and Chlorogenic acid have anti-tumor activity in phenolic acid. From another hand, via anti-inflammation activity, the nine pure compounds, which are not found in ABM-EtOAc, are isolated from ABM-BuOH using many different kinds of isolation technology. Including one Apocarotene: Loliolide, one triterpinoid: 3β-Hydroxyolean-18-en-28-oic acid, one lignan: Pinoresinol, one phenolic ester: (E)-methyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate, one sugar-link sterol: β-Sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside, one isoflavone: Biochanin A, three flavonoid: 5, 7-Dimethoxy-4''-hydroxyflavan, 4'', 5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone (apigenin), Farrerol, all of the nine pure compounds are first isolated from adlay.
31
Yuan, Li Chia, and 李家源. "Studies on the Anti-inflammatory Components of Purple Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var.)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85019452028272150924.
Анотація:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
93
Abstract This study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory components of purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var.). To characterize the active components, the purple cabbage juice was partially purified by activated charcoal absorption and by gel filtration chromatography with sephadex LH-20. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte culture model from female BALB/c mice was established to evaluate each fraction from activated charcoal absorption and gel filtration chromatography. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokine, such as IL-10, secreted by LPS-stimulated splenocytes were chosen as anti-inflammation purification markers of purple cabbage. The results reveled no correlation between IL-1β secretion and purple cabbage addition to the LPS-stimulated splenocyte culture model. We peculated that the IL-1β cytokine is an earlier inflammation indicator; however, it was not a suitable marker of inflammation in our 48-hour cell culture model. According to the secretion profiles of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokine, the IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines were chosen as inflammation markers and the IL-10 cytokine was chosen as an anti-inflammation marker in the purifying process of purple cabbage. The activated charcoal might absorb and exclude the components with low molecular weight in purple cabbage, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, pigments, and peptides etc. In the activated charcoal-absorbed study, the suppressing activity against IL-6 secretion disappeared after the purple cabbage juice was treated with activated charcoal. We conjectured that the active components of suppressing effect on IL-6 secretion in purple cabbage might be small components with low molecular weight. The increasing activity of IL-10 secretion was enhanced after purple cabbage juice was treated with activated charcoal. We peculated that the active components of increasing effect on IL-10 secretion in purple cabbage might be big components with high molecular weight, such as proteinaceous substances. In the study of gel filtration chromatography with sephadex LH-20, purple cabbage juice was resolved into five fractions (F1-F5) according to the chromatographic spectra of OD280 and OD254. The F2 fraction showed the suppressing activity against IL-6 secretion. According to their heat-resistant characteristics and HPLC chromatograms, we convinced that active components of F2 fraction consisted of anthocyanins, Oenin , Malividin, and Malividin-glycosides. It was also found that the F2 fraction exhibited the suppressing activity against TNF-α secretion. As the suppressing activity disappeared after the F2 fraction was heated, we speculated the active components against TNF-α secretion in F2 fraction were proteinaceous substances. The F4 fraction demonstrated an increasing activity of IL-10 secretion. We speculate the active components of increasing activity of IL-10 secretion in F4 fraction are polyphenols based on its heat-resistant characteristic and composition. The anti-inflammation active fractions, purple cabbage juice, activated charcoal-treated purple cabbage juice, F2, and F4 fractions, were further precipitated with 100% ammonium sulfate to obtain their proteinaceous substances. The precipitated proteins were subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Referring to the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis chromatograms, we conjectured that proteinaceous substances and other components in the F4 fraction promoted the IL-10 secretion activity. The proteinaceous substances in F4 fraction also inhibited the TNF-α secretion of LPS-stimulated splenocytes. In summary, there are some anti-inflammation components in purple cabbage juice. We speculate that some kinds of anthocyanins, such as Oenin, Malvidin and Malvidin-glycosides, may inhibit IL-6 secretion. Some proteinaceous substances in purple cabbage juice may enhance IL-10 secretion. However, the immunomodulatory mechanisms and the characteristics of anti-inflammation components in purple cabbage remain to be further clarified.
32
Chen, Min-Hung, and 陳銘鴻. "Analysis of functional components in Taiwan citrus fruits and their anti-inflammatory activities." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zy9578.
Анотація:
博士國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系所
105
Citrus is one of the most popular world fruit crops, that has significantly increased during the past few years and has reached 82 million tons, and 34% of which was used for juice production, yielding about 44% peel often either used fertilizers or thrown as garbage, but it is rich in healthy physiologically bioactive compounds, such as essential oil, phytosterol, limonoids, phenolic acid and flavonoids. Therefore, this study intends to show the results from Taiwan’s citrus, such as Calamondin, Kumquat, Ponkan, Tankan and Murcott. Citrus composition of oleoresin, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, Raw 264.7 cell viability and anti-inflammatory are researched. Hope to development of processed products and to fully utilize the waste products.The results showing that the Calamondin and Kumquat contain 43 and 44 volatile compounds, respectively. In addition, terpene compounds of volatiles accounted for 95.74% and 97.96%, respectively. Oxygenated compounds of volatiles accounted for 4.26% and 2.04%, respectively. In terms of flavonoids, the Calamondin contained higher levels than the Kumquat, with disomin-based flavonoids being predominant; on the other hand, the Kumquat contained higher levels of phytosterols than the Calamondin, with amyrin being the dominant phytosterol. Both of them contain high levels of limonoids. The extracts and essential oils of small-sized citrus fruits have been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti- inflammatory effects, with those effects being closely related to the flavonoid content of the fruit in question, which prevent chronic diseases. The extraction of Ponkan, Tankan and Murcott peels by dichloromethane. Citurs oleoresin analyzed with GC-MS for composition identification, identification results are 35 volatile compounds, 23 exists in Ponkan, 27 exists in Tankan and 28 exists in Murcott. Oleoresin composition shows limonene as main component of four citrus peels which accounting for 72.73-86.17% of the total. In addition, non- volatile compounds were identified 2 kinds of phytosterol, 7 kinds of flavonoids and vitamin E. Citrus peels were found many bioactive compounds, such as phytosterol (20.43-63.51 mg/100g), limonoids (69.06-227.22 mg/100g), phenolic acid (15.03-55.23 µg/g) and flavonoids(53.52-297.36 µg/g). 3 kinds of citrus peels are rich in phenolic acid and flavonoids as antioxidants, which are good for scavenging free radicals. In addition, 3 kinds of citrus peel extract and essential oils are good anti-inflammatory ability, which Ponkan and Tankan effect are better. Take 3 kinds of citrus peels using carbon dioxide supercritical technology to extract their oleoresin and add alcohol as a solvent-assisted to enhance the extraction rate and increase active components. Supercritical fluid extraction was fractionation of lower terpene compounds to improved oxygenated amount with volatile resins. This citurs oleoresin analyzed with GC-MS for composition identification, identification results are 33 volatile compounds, 23 exists in Ponkan, 27 exists in Tankan and 28 exists in Murcott. And found non-volatile of citrus oleoresin contains polymethoxyflavones (86.2-259.5 mg/g), limonioid (111.7-406.2 mg/g) and phytosterol (686.1-1316.4 μg/g). The DPPH, ABTS scavenging test and inhibition of lipid oxidation from three kinds of citrus oleoresin were significantly antioxidant capacity; however Ponkan oleoresin has the best activity. The component polymethoxyflavones contributes the more antioxidant capacity, and limonioid and phytosterol coordinate its effect. Analysis of GC-MS is simple, sensitive and reproducible, which peak of retention time can be applied to confirm composition and provide valuable analytical information. In this study, three commercially available cold-pressed orange essential oils, artificial orange flavor and self-cold pressed orange essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS in series with DB-1 column was used in a gradient heating conditions (70°C holding 5 min; 4 °C/minutes to rised 270°C holding 100 min) with 5α-cholesterol as internal standard. The results showed that chromatogram had three parts: the first part temperature is 70 to 124°C, that composition are divided into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated terpene compounds. The second part temperature is 124 to 244°C, that compositions are long chain hydrocarbon compounds. The third part temperature is 244 to 270°C, which composed of phytosterol and polymethoxyflavones. The results showed that artificial orange flavor is the same as natural citrus essential oils have the same first part of compounds, lacking the second and third part of compounds. This method is suitable for artificial adulteration analysis of citrus essential oil.
33
Wei, Huang Chun, and 黃郡瑋. "Analysis of functional components in Luffa Cylindrica and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01387846856640010115.
Анотація:
碩士輔仁大學
食品科學系
99
Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem, a vegetable frequently consumed in Taiwan, has been used as a traditional medicine. However, the composition of functional components in luffa and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have not been completely explored. The objectives of this study were to determine the content of phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, carotenoids and chlorophylls in luffa extracts, and evaluate their antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory activities. The extraction efficiency of total phenolics of luffa peel and fruit with water, ethanol and ethyl acetate was found to be maximum at a sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:50 (w/v). Of the various functional components present per mL of extract, phenolics were present in large amount in the aqueous extract of peel, while flavonoids, oleanolic acid, carotenoids and chlorophylls dominated in the ethanolic peel extract. For their levels per gram of the extract, phenolic and flavonoids were found to be abundant in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of peel and fruit, respectively. However, the contents of other functional components were highest in the ethyl acetate extract of peel. On comparing the antioxidant activity of each solvent extract, the aqueous extract of peel showed the greatest reducing power and Fe (II) chelating ability, while the ethanolic extract of peel exhibited a large TEAC value and a high DPPH free radical scavenging activity. With the exception of aqueous fruit extract, the other solvent extracts of fruit and peel effectively reduced the formation of conjugated diene. The ethyl acetate extract of both peel and fruit were also found effective in inhibiting the TBARS. For anti-inflammatory activity, the ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of both peel and fruit decreased the production of nitric oxide. In addition, the ethyl acetate extracts of peel and fruit suppressed iNOS protein expression and IκBα phosphorylation, while their ethanolic extracts reduced the secretion of prostaglandin E2 without any change in COX-2 protein expression. The aqueous extracts of both peel and fruit as well as the ethyl acetate extract of peel inhibited the production of interleukin 1.All solvent extracts of both peel and fruit significantly (p<0.05) inhibited interleukin 6 production, whereas it had no inhibitory effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor. Western blot analysis revealed ethyl acetate extract of fruit to decrease ERK phosphorylation levels. Nevertheless, the JNK phosphorylation was not inhibited by different solvent extracts of peel and fruit.
34
Cai-FanLu and 盧采樊. "Identification of anti-inflammatory components and prediction of its biosynthesis genes in Pholidota chinensis." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qz2k2g.
35
Cheng, Ssu-En, and 鄭思恩. "Studying Anti-inflammatory Effects of Galangal Crude Extract and Its Pure Components in Mouse Macrophages." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48335620876206177023.
Анотація:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
102
Inflammation is the normal defense response of body. Many civilized disorders are related to chronic inflammation. In this research, we use lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) as an inflammatory cell model. The inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO) productions were examined for screening of anti-inflammatory activities. We also coordinated cell survival experiments to achieve the lowest concentration with the highest inhibitory effects of NO productions. Our results showed 75.9% NO inhibitory effect and 100% cell viability, when cells treated with 37.5 ug/mL Alpinia Officinarun crude extract. We further explored the anti-inflammatory mechanism of galangal crude extract. We found that galangal crude extract could inhibit productions of NO, prostaglandin 2 (PGE2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, but could promote the generation of anti-inflammatory interleukin–10 (IL-10). From these results, we can know that galangal crude extract indeed has anti-inflammatory effect in this LPS-induced inflammatory cell model. Furthermore, we identified four pure components in this galangal crude extract, and then we tested their anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms. All four pure components showed anti-inflammatory activities in this LPS-induced mouse macrophages. At the same concentration, quercetin showed the highest anti- inflammatory activities. All of them showed significant inhibitory effects on NF-kB, iNOS, JNK, TNF-α and IL-6 productions. However, only quercetin showed inhibitory effect on production of ERK. All of them had no significant effect for production of p38 protein kinase. Therefore, we speculate that the an-ti-inflammatory mechanism of galangal crude extract and its four pure components is through the inhibition of NF-kB thereby inhibiting downstream iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Our results showed that both galangal crude extract and its four pure components have anti-inflammatory effects. All of them may be developed as anti-inflammatory drugs or healthy foods.
36
Hsu, Kuei-Ming, and 許貴明. "Bioassay-guided fractionation of anti-inflammatory components from residue of aqueous extract of Chinese olive." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61846939870770993964.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
104
Chronic inflammation is one of the factors causing chronic disorders. Many secondary metabolites extracted from herbs exhibit both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and may have potential against inflammation-induced chronic diseases. Canarium album is a common herb and food with excellent anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects. Its ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract has been proved to exhibit good anti-inflammatory potential in our previous work.The objective of this research is to use different isolation techniques to screen bioactive fractions guided by bioassays to obtain anti-inflammatory compounds. The bioassay is a luciferase reporter assay built by our lab using the cell line RAW 264.7 that has been constructed with either NF-κB binding site or COX-2 promoter. First, the fraction was separated based on polarity differences, and the supernatant was found to have better anti-inflammatory action than the precipitate. It was then isolated with silica gel chromatography, and the anti-inflammatory action was concentrated in sub-fraction D, which also showed substantial cytotoxicity. When sub-fraction D was subjected to isolation again with silica gel chromatography, sub-fraction D-11 was found to have better anti-inflammatory action, but also with dose-dependent cytotoxicity.After isolation and purification by thin-layer chromatography and LH-20 column, the active compound from sub-fraction D-11 was identified to be scoparone by nuclear magnetic resonance. Quantification by HPLC showed that scoparone increases as purification steps increase. However, scoparone was unable to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in the luciferase reporter assay. When spiking scoparone into the extract to explore whether there is synergy between the two, the result was negative. Furthermore, scoparone exhibited a weaker effect of inhibiting NO-induced inflammation than INF-γ/LPS-induced inflammation in literature, indicating scoparone was not the active anti-inflammatory factor in ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of C. album. Identification of other components in sub-fraction D-11 is required to reveal the active compound..
37
Cromarty, Allan Duncan. "The identification of bio-available and active components in oxihumate." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25491.
38
HSU, YU-FANG, and 許玉芳. "Evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity of the tannin components from Terminalia catappa." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08182978467061242254.
Анотація:
碩士高雄醫學院
天然藥物研究所
86
"Terminalia catappa L." is a Combretaceous plant broadly distributed in tropical and subtropical beaches. Reports concerning the constituents of the leaf of this plant are chiefly about hydrolyzable tannins such as punicalagin, punicalin, chebulagic acid, geraniin, etc. In our previous studies, we observed that the water extracts of T. catappa had good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. In studies of the antioxidant effects of these tannins, we tested the activities of lipid peroxidation inhibition, superoxide anion scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition. All of them had strong antioxidant activities. Punicalagin and punicalin were isolation from the leaves of T. catappa, and showed strongest antioxidant activity. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of punicalagin and punicalin in the rats were be evaluated. In these studies, we evaluated of their anti-inflammatory effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema and hepatoprotective activity on CCl4- and acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicities in rats. The results showed that punicalagin and punicalin had anti-inflammatoryand hepatoprotective effects, but the larger doses of both components were induced the liver damage. These results indicated that even if tannins had strong antioxidant activity in a very small dose, but a larger dose will induced cell damage.
39
Xu, Yu-Fang, and 許玉芳. "Evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity of the tannin components from Terminalia catappa." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72893521198280651680.
40
Chen, Yi-Ju, and 陳怡如. "Phytochemical Studies and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of the Components Isolated from the roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56368905267276055338.
Анотація:
碩士國立陽明大學
傳統醫藥研究所
98
The roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis have been studied for anti-inflammatory activity. By means of various column chromatographic seperation, one new compound (CC-E), along with three known flavonoids and five xanthones (CC-A~CC-I) were isolated from the root of C. cochinchinesis. And their chemical structures were elucidated by spectral means of methods. The present results showed that all of these compounds concentration-dependently (1-30 uM) repressed LPS-induced NO production with 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-prenylxanthone (CC-A) be the most potent one. Therefore, experiment was conducted to further investigating the molecular mechanisms about how this compound inhibit NO synthetic pathways. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that significantly repressed iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein. Experiments were further investigated whether or not CC-A inhibited NO biosynthesis through interfering with transcription factors (NF-kappa?羠 and AP-1)activation or down-regulaed of I-kappa?羠/IKK, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways. Results showed that CC-A repressed LPS-induced IKK-phosphorylation, I-kappa?羠 degradation and NF-kappa?羠 nuclear translocation. And also significantly attenuated LPS-induced nuclear translocation of c-Jun and c-Fos (the hetero-dimmer of AP-1), but failed to affect MAPKs phosphorylation. Furthermore, CC-A markly inhibited LPS-induced Akt-phosphorytation. These results suggested that CC-A inhibited LPS-induced NO production probably through interrupting the activation of NF-kappa?羠 and AP-1 by down-regulate I-kappa?羠/IKK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Detailed mechanism of action is need for further studied.
41
Su, Yu-Wen, and 蘇郁雯. "Studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of Angelica sinensis, geranium essential oils and the active components." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52215915017289676565.
Анотація:
博士國立陽明大學
生化暨分子生物研究所
99
Essential oils are volatile plant extracts and extensively applied in folk medicine for their diverse bioactivities, including anti-inflammation. We have focused on various essential oils for their effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Geranium oil and Angelica sinensis (AS) oil were selected for their remarkable exhibition of anti-inflammatory effects. By bioassay-guided fractionation and GC/MS analysis, citronellol and geraniol from geranium oil, as well as butylidene phthalide (BP), 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) and ligustilide (LIG) from AS oil, were particularly selected in our studies. Citronellol and geraniol suppressed NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-??n?vTNF-??w?nproduction in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory efficacy of geraniol was concomitant with decreases in protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas citronellol inhibited only iNOS enzymatic activity. By adding citronellol and geraniol, the LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly attenuated, whereas cytosolic degradation of I?羠? and up-regulation of NF-?羠 p65 in the nucleus were reversed. BP, NBP and LIG significantly suppressed the production of NO, PGE2 and TNF-?? Their inhibitory effects on NO production were all concomitant with a decrease in the protein and mRNA levels of LPS-induced iNOS. BP and NBP also decreased protein and mRNA expression levels of COX-2, whereas LIG inhibited COX-2 enzymatic activity directly. Further, the cytosolic degradation of I?羠? and up-regulation of NF-?羠 p65 in the nucleus were also restored by all of them. LIG also inhibited AP-1 activation and the phosphorylation of I?羠 kinase (IKK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) level was also significantly decreased. These results suggest that LIG exhibits anti-inflammatory activities by blocking the activation of MAPKs/IKK and the downstream transcription factors AP-1 and NF-?羠, which may result from LIG’s down-regulation of iROS production. Taken together, our studies suggest that citronellol, geraniol, BP, NBP and LIG exhibit anti-inflammatory activities and have therapeutic potentials for inflammation-associated disorders, which also justifies their uses in traditional medicine.
42
SHU, Ru-Ing, та 徐如音. "Effect of black soybean and its components on inflammatory responsein TNF-α-treated human aortic endothelial cells". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03863979379284417229.
Анотація:
碩士輔仁大學
食品營養學系
94
Abstract Oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to be an important contributor and promoter of atherogenesis. While altered expression of cell adhesion molecules by the arterial endothelium plays a major role during atherogenesis and chronic inflammation. Several studies have demonstrated that the dietary intakes of soy foods were associated with reduction of cardiovascular risk. Interestingly, black soybeans rich in isoflavones (genistein and daidzein), and its seed coat contains cyanidin. Antioxidants may modulate of oxidative stress which may trigger intracellular signaling pathways influencing gene and adhesion molecules expression and atherogenesis. We determined the potential anti-atherogenic activity of black soybeans extract and its components by examining their effects on monocytes adhesion of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), adhesion molecules expression, and NF-κB-p65 expression. The black soybean extract (less than 200 μg/mL) and its components such as genistein, daidzein and cyanidin (less than 40, 40 and 20 μM, respectively) had no toxicity to HAEC. Pre-incubated of HAEC with 100 μg/mL black soybean extract and 10μM of genistein, daidzein, cyanidin and aspirin for 24h, significantly decreased adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to TNF-α-stimulated HAEC by 98.2%, 97.2%, 98.8%, 93.1% and 90.9%, respectively. Ten micromoles of genistein, daidzein, cyanidin and aspirin significantly suppressed the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) by 47%, 56.8%, 59%, 38.9% and 42.7%, respectively. Genistein and aspirin significantly decreased intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression by 7.1% and 14.5% while all treatments had no effect on E-selectin. Pretreated black soybean extract could significantly inhibited NF-κB-p65 activaty in TNF-α-stimulated HAEC was assayed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. In conclusion, black soybean and its components may have potential on anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenesis.
43
Chen, Po-Yu, and 陳柏諭. "The Mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of water-soluble components of tea tree oil in LPS-induced murine macrophage." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06173804302631978471.
Анотація:
碩士國防醫學院
生物化學研究所
97
Tea tree oil (MAC) is the essential oil from the Australian native plant, Melaleuca alternifolia. Previous studies indicated that MAC and its’ main water-soluble component, terpinen-4-ol, suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) in human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible rate-limiting enzyme, catalyzes heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, and biliverdin. This enzyme has been suggested to play a regulatory role in the resolution phase of inflammation and is considered as a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases. Moreover, it is known that HO-1 and CO can inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in activated macrophages via inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This study aims to delineate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of MAC and terpinen-4-ol in LPS-treated Raw264.7 cells, a model system of macrophages. Our results showed that MAC increased HO-1 expression in Raw264.7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that HO-1 was induced via p38 and JNK activation, evident at 3h, and reached maximal after 12 h. In addition to, we showed that MAC increased activation and nuclear translocation of important transcription facot Nrf2 of HO-1 induction via MAPK and PI-3K signal transduction pathway. Addition of MAC for 12h prior to LPS treatment of marcophages significantly decreased iNOS expression, NO production, and NF-κB activation. Use of Tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX), an HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effects of MAC on iNOS expression, NO production and NF-κB activation. Collectively, our results suggest that MAC inhibit iNOS expression, NO production, and NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages through a mechanism that involves the action of HO-1.
44
Huang, ya-ping, та 黃雅萍. "Effect of purple sweet potato leaves and its components on inflammatory response in TNF-α-treated human aortic endothelial cells". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94922843057708152137.
Анотація:
碩士中國文化大學
生活應用科學研究所
94
The adhesion and migration of circulating leukocytes into the vessel wall is an early event in atherogenesis and the expression of cell adhesion molecules by the arterial endothelium plays a major role during atherogenesis. Antioxidants have been proposed to inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules and there by attenuate the processes leading to atherosclerosis. In this study, the effects of antioxidant extract from purple sweet potato leaves and its major components cyanidin and quercetin on the expression of adhesion molecules and NF-κB in tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were investigated. Pretreated of HAEC with purple sweet potato leaves (100 μg/mL), quercetin (10 μM), cyaniding (10 μM) for 18h significantly suppressed cellular binding between the human monocytic leukemic cell line-U937 and TNF-α-stimulated HAEC by using an in vitro binding assay. Cell-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Cell-ELISA) and immunoblot analysis showed that pretreated of HAEC with purple sweet potato leaves extracts (100 μg/mL) , quercetin (10 μM) and cyanidin (10 μM) for 18h significantly attenuated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)expression by 54％,28％and 37％respectively. But only intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression by 19％and 38％recpectively. But only purple sweet potato leaves extracts and quercetin signifieantly attenuated intercellular cell. However, there had no effect on expression of endothelial cell E-selectin. Meanwhile, purple sweet potato leaves extracts significantly decreased the expression of NF-κB p65 witch may decrease the activity of NF-κB and further influence on the expression of adhesion molecules and there by attenuate the atherosclerosis and inflammatory responses.
45
Lin, Hong-Yu, and 林弘育. "The Anti-oxidative/Anti-inflammatory Activities and the Active components of Lotus Leaf Extracts, and its Lipid Modulating/Anti-obesity Effect." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50082441949473222486.
Анотація:
博士臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
98
Hypertension and cardiovascular diseases based on atherosclerosis are the leading cause of death in Taiwan. There are many reports about the healthy function of lotus leaf in old Chinese traditional herb book, especially for the function of regulating blood lipid. Therefore, this project aims to conduct bioassay-guided separation and identification of the effective constituents on the anti-oxidative and anti-immflamatory activities, and to understand its functional property. Furthermore, the high fat diet model was used to investigate the blood lipid modulatory effect of ethanolic extract of local lotus leaf in hamsters. Moreover, the high energy diet model was used to estimate anti-obesity effect of n-butanol fraction of local lotus leaf in SD rats.We expect to understand its functional property and to enhance the value of local lotus leaf. The DPPH scavenging effect, the inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation and antioxidative contents were employed for the activity-guided purification to identify the antioxidant components of lotus leaves (leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). The methanolic extract of lotus leaves (LLM) was separated into ethyl acetate (LLME), n-butanol (LLMB), and water (LLMW) fractions. LLME and LLMB exhibited greater capacity to scavenge DPPH radical, delayed LDL oxidation and had higher antioxidative contents than LLMW. Seven flavonoids were isolated from both fractions by column chromatography. On the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, and MS data analyses, these compounds were identified as catechin (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (4), quercetin-3-O-galactopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (6), myricetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (7). Quercetin and its glycosides (compound 2-5) exerted potent inhibition of LDL oxidation, whereas myricetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (7) showed stronger DPPH scavenging activity. These results indicated that the antioxidant capacity of lotus leaves partially relevant to its flavonoids. However, We have identified twelve compounds from the ethyl acetate effective subfraction. They included 5 apocarotenoids, 4 phenolics, 1 flavonoids and 2 others. The alkaloid extracts from leaves of lotus, including total alkaloids (TAs), non-phenolic alkaloids (NPAs), and phenolic alkaloids (PAs) revealed inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The direct scavenging effects on NO and DPPH radicals by TAs were respectively attributed to NPAs and PAs. Five alkaloids were isolated from both fractions by column chromatography and identified as asimilobine (1), roemerine (2), lysicamine (3), nuciferine (4), and N-methylcoclaurine (5). Asimilobine (1) and roemerine (2) exhibited potency as direct NO scavengers while N-methylcoclaurine (5) exerted the highest DPPH radical-scavenging effect. N-Methylcoclaurine (5) also inhibited NO production with an EC50 value of 6±1μM through suppression of inducible NO synthase expression in a concentration-dependent manner in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, roemerine (2) and lysicamine (3) inhibited NO production (EC50 values of 21±4 and 25±5μM) as well as iNOS and COX-2 expressions. In the lipid modulatory model, the results showed that diets contained Dahan-lien and Kien-lien extract can reduce adipose tissue and increase fecal excretive cholesterol. Moreover, the diet contained Dahan-lien extract can increase fecal excretive triglyceride. Furthermore, the medium dose of diet contained Dahan-lien planted in Taoyuan can effectively decrease the AI value, and the high dose one can reduce total plasma cholesterol. In anti-obesity model, the results revealed that a high energy diet to SD rats for 10 weeks led to significant increases of body and adipose tissue weight. Ingestion of 2.0% LLEB inhibited the development of increased blood glucose, insulin concentration and abdominal fat mass, while plasma and hepatic triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the 2.0% LLEB group than in the HE group. The microarray analysis of hepatic mRNA indicated that 2.0% LLEB up-regulated the expression of gene related to fatty acid oxidation, probably resulting in the suppression of the elevating of triglyceride concentration and abdominal fat mass. Gene expression of glycolysis and insulin signaling was also up-regulated in the 2.0% LLEB group suggesting that administration of LLEB could ameliorate obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia as well as the decrease of blood glucose.
46
Chang, Li-Ying, and 張儷瀛. "Investigating the adverse effects of tobacco smoke extract and components on MHC antigen presentation, inflammatory cytokines gene response, and tissue repair." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03925871124469444311.
47
Huang, Din-Wen, and 黃鼎文. "The Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) Seed Extract and Its Active Components and Effect on Anti-atherogenic Risk Factors." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93023670828115569687.
Анотація:
博士臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
98
The aims of the first part of this study were to investigate the effects of adlay seed extracts on the copper ion-mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Adlay hull ethanolic extract (AHE) was sequentially partitioned into ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water-soluble fractions (AHE-Ea, AHE-Bu and AHE-H2O, respectively). AHE-Ea was further separated into AHE-Ea-A to AHE-Ea-O by column chromatography (CC). AHE-Ea and its subfractions, AHE-Ea-J, AHE-Ea-K, and AHE-Ea-M inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation through down-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. Eriodictyol (1), a ceramide, (2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2''R)-2''-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (2) and p-coumaric acid (3) were found in the subfractions, and the first two compounds appeared to be primarily responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity. This is the first time that eriodictyol and the ceramide have been found in adlay seed hulls, and the anti-inflammatory properties of the AHE-Ea fraction can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of these two compounds. The adlay testa ethanolic extract (ATE) was sequentially separated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water-soluble fractions (ATE-Hex, ATE-Ea, ATE-Bu and ATE-H2O, respectively). ATE-Ea and ATE-Bu were further separated into ATE-Ea-a to ATE-Ea-h and ATE-Bu-A to ATE-Bu-F respectively by CC. Results showed that ATE-Ea, ATE-Bu, ATE-Ea-e, and ATE-Bu-C expressed anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities through the DPPH-radical scavenger, LDL oxidation inhibition, and NO inhibitory activity. Inflammation was further modulated by fractions of ATE-Ea and ATE-Bu, and their subfractions, ATE-Ea-e and ATE-Bu-C through downregulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), vanillic acid (VA), caffeic acid (CA), syringic acid (SA), 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4HA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), ferulic acid (FA), and 2-O-β-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-4 (2H)-benzoxazin-3-one (GMBO), were analyzed or isolated from the active fractions of ATE by CC. Among them, CGA, CA, and FA were the major components responsible for the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of ATE. Subsequently, HPLC analysis showed that each gram of ATE-Bu-C had 30.3 mg CGA, 9.02 mg CA, and 189 mg GMBO, while each gram of ATE-Ea-e had 1.31 mg VA, 3.89 mg PCA, and 47.6 micro-g FA. In brief, ATE had anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and its effects were partially related to its phenolic components. The adlay bran ethanolic extract (ABE) and polished adlay ethanolic extract (PAE) were sequentially separated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water-soluble fractions, respectively (ABE-Hex, ABE-Ea, ABE-Bu and ABE-H2O, respectively; PAE-Hex, PAE-Ea, PAE-Bu and PAE-H2O, respectively). Results showed that，ABE-Ea and PAE-Ea inhibited the NO formation through down-regulating iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. However, the effects of both fractions of ABE and PAE on prevention of LDL oxidation were worse than adlay testa. The second part of this study, ATE, ATE-Ea, and the self-made mixture of phenolic acid components were further fed the C57BL/6 apo E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice with high cholesterol diet (HCD) for four weeks to investigate the anti-atherogenic risk factors effects of ATE-Ea in vivo and compared with wild type C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that when the HCD was supplied to the C57BL/6 apo EapoE-/- mice with or without the various samples for 4 weeks, the serum total cholesterol concentrations (TC) were all significantly decreased in test groups. The antioxidative enzymes in liver, glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were all up-regulated by high-dose ATE-Ea group resulting in the increasing of glutathione (GSH) and the decreasing of TBARS. The liver GRd is also significantly raised by self-made mixture of phenolic acid components group (p < 0.01). The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and the subunit of NADPH oxidase (NOX4 and p22phox) in the aorta were all inhibited, however, the anti-oxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and SOD-2 were both up-regulated by ATE-Ea. Although the expression of inflammatory-related proteins (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) of knockout mice aorta were not influenced by self-made mixture of phenolic acid components, the anti-oxidative enzymes were up-regulated (SOD-1 and SOD-2) and the oxidative stress-related proteins (NOX4與p22phox) were down-regulated by self-made mixture of phenolic acid components. In conclusion, ATE had anti-oxidative, and all of the adlay seed extracts had anti-inflammatory activities, and the effects of AHE and ATE were both partially related to its components, and in vivo observations, together with the functions of ATE-Ea: (1) To lower the cholesterol level in the serum, (2) to up-regulate the antioxidative enzymes in the liver, and (3) to modulate the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related protein of aorta, in the pathogenesis of HCD-induced atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 apoE-/- mice.
48
Hashim, Che Gon. "Identifying predictors of postoperative persistent pain in women with breast cancer: assessments of investigative tools." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/162744.
Анотація:
Persistent pain after surgery in breast cancer has a significant
impact on the patient’s survival. The value of escalating
research on breast cancer in Malaysia cannot be underestimated.
However, it is not known how many of these women experience
persistent pain after surgery. This study surveyed previously
unknown figures on prevalence, and explored the predictive
factors of persistent pain women with breast cancer in Malaysia.
There were three objectives. First, to assess the reliability of
the already established investigative tools, namely, the Brief
Pain Inventory, Distress Thermometer, and Resilience scale RS-14;
second, to survey the prevalence of persistent pain; and thirdly
to identify predictors of persistent pain in women after breast
surgery, using the above measures. A test and retest design with
no intervention and a recall period of 3 to 7 days was employed
for assessment of the investigative tools. A cross-sectional
study, with a prospective, correlational design, a retrospective
review of medical records was used to identify predictors of
persistent pain. These investigations were conducted in two
phases –Section A and Section B – using separate data sets,
with different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants
were recruited from the University of Malaya Medical Centre,
Malaysia. Descriptive statistics, a stepwise regression model for
reliability testing, Cronbach alpha, and factor analysis were
used. This study divided pain into categories 0 = no pain, 1–4
= mild pain, 5–6 = moderate pain, and 7–10 = severe pain.
Section A: The tools were found reliable. Section B: A total of
123 participants were recruited; 119 participants remained
because 4 of them did not meet the inclusion criteria. A total of
43% of the participants had persistent pain (n = 51). Pain
interfered with their work, mood, and sleep. Based on a “Yes”
answer for pain today (n = 51), data were analysed to determine
predictors. The results revealed three predictors: distress, B =
–.911, resilience, B = –.444, and pain interference, B =
.309. The model was statistically significant, F (3, 41, 44) =
13.827, R2 = 0.267, .381, .467), and adjusted R2 = .250, .351,
.467, p = 0.001. Significant P value ≤ .005. Pain prevalence
was 43% in this Malaysian population. This study provided
empirical evidence which is an important new knowledge to health
care systems, health care providers, policy makers, and future
research. The impact of persistent pain on work, mood, and sleep
are justifiable medical concerns. The results obtained and
identified predictors are catalysts for providing extra support
for breast cancer women after surgery. Ideally, all women with
breast cancer should have very good life satisfaction.