Дисертації з теми "Inflammation de bas grade"
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Alentorn, Agusti. "Caractérisation génomique et génétique des gliomes diffus de bas grade de l’adulte." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T011.
Multildimensional molecular characterization of tumors and more specifically of gliomas is of pivotal importance to identify: (i) new biomarkers (i.e. diagnostic, prognostic, theranostic or predisposing), (ii) new therapeutic targets and (iii) to improve our understanding of molecular oncogenesis.Our work has confirmed and consolidated previous data published in the literature, for example that: (i) 1p/19q co-deletion is associated with better prognosis, (ii) IDH mutation is associated with better prognosis, (iii) TP53 mutations and 1p/19q codeletion are mutually exclusive and (iv) PDGFRA is rarely altered, at genomic level, in low-grade gliomas (LGG).More originally, we have identified several genomic groups, with clinical and biological relevances, in LGG and more specifically in LGG without 1p/19q co-deletion: (i) 19q-deleted, (ii) 11p-deleted, (iii) 7-gained, (iv) 19-gained and (v) unclassified. Interestingly, 19q deletion abrogates the positive prognostic value of IDH mutation in LGG without 1p/19q codeletion.We have also identified new recurrent somatic gene mutations in LGG (i.e. TEP1 and RNF40 mutations), supporting the critical role of telomeres and chromatin remodelling in LGG.Finally, we have characterized further 11p-deleted LGG that exhibit mostly astrocytic phenotype and poor prognosis. This subgroup includes LGG overexpressing genes of inflammatory/immune cells (GIM -Glioma infiltrating microglia-, M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages) and infiltrated by macrophagic/microglial cells. This peculiar microenvironment detected in 11p-deleted LGG might be used as a therapeutic target. In conclusion, our work participates to characterize clinico-biological portrait of LGG and to describe a singular genomic subgroup of LGG characterized by 11p loss
Allouche, Rania. "Effet anti-inflammatoire d’hydrolysats de protéines de surface ou intracellulaires de Streptococcus thermophilus obtenus après action de protéases digestives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0344.
Inflammation is a mechanism that provides protection against injury, trauma, or infection caused by damaged cells, irritants, or pathogens. This process removes harmful agents and damaged tissue components. Nevertheless, chronic low-grade inflammation is often associated with various pathologies. Diet could be a promising way of action. Indeed, bioactive peptides derived from the hydrolysis of dietary proteins could modulate key inflammatory factors and consequently delay the onset of these chronic diseases. Furthermore, lactic acid bacteria, components of fermented milk products, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo studies. Among them, Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) is regularly consumed by a significant part of the population. Studies have shown that some strains of ST display anti inflammatory activity in vitro with an unknown mechanism of action. In this work, it was hypothesized that peptides released after hydrolysis by digestive proteases of the surface or intracellular proteins of this bacterium could be involved at least partially in this activity. Firstly, hydrolysates were obtained by shaving surface proteins with trypsin or pepsin followed or not by trypsinolysis. The tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the majority of the identified peptides belonged to the surface proteins of this bacterium. Secondly, the anti inflammatory activity of the hydrolysates was evaluated in two inflamed cell models. The hydrolysate obtained after tryptic shaving and trypsinolysis of surface proteins of ST LMD 9 significantly decreased the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL 8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated HT 29 cells. The same hydrolysate also reduced production of IL 8 and of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL 1β as well as protein expression levels of Pro IL 1β and COX 2 in LPS-stimulated THP 1 macrophages. It was proposed that the surface protease PrtS could be a source of active peptides during gastrointestinal digestion. To verify this hypothesis, hydrolysates were prepared by shaving with pepsin followed or not by trypsinolysis of the surface proteins of two phenotypically distinct strains of ST: LMD 9 (PrtS+) and CNRZ 21N (PrtS-). Modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators IL 8, IL 1β, Pro IL 1β and COX 2 was assessed in LPS-stimulated THP 1 macrophages and IL 8 in LPS stimulated HT 29 cells. The hydrolysates from the two strains showed an anti inflammatory action but modulation of all these inflammatory mediators was strain, hydrolysate, and concentration dependent. Interestingly, the strain lacking PrtS also showed anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, peptides released from surface proteins of ST strains by proteases of the gastrointestinal tract during digestion of a product containing this bacterium could exert anti-inflammatory effects and thus could reduce the risk of inflammation related chronic diseases. Finally, the intracellular proteins of the LMD 9 and CNRZ 21N strains were recovered by sonication and hydrolysed with Corolase PP, a mixture of pancreatic proteases. Hydrolysates generated from a fraction of these proteins of both strains demonstrated anti inflammatory action by modulating some of the pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated THP 1 macrophages. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the anti inflammatory activity of peptides derived from surface proteins and a fraction of the intracellular proteins of ST strains. These paraprobiotics or postbiotics, likely to be released in the digestive tract of the consumer, could participate in the overall anti inflammatory effect of S. thermophilus which had been demonstrated with certain strains. They could display beneficial effects on human health and therefore could be a promising bioactive ingredient for the development of novel functional foods for the prevention of low grade inflammation
Lasselin, Julie. "L’inflammation chronique à bas bruit et ses relations avec la fatigue et les altérations cognitives chez les patients souffrant de troubles métaboliques." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22001/document.
Cytokines produced during the activation of the immune system have the ability to act within the central nervous system and to induce a large number of behavioral alterations. When the activation of immune system becomes chronic and unregulated, these behavioral alterations may lead to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms that develop in conditions of chronic low-grade inflammation context (i.e., characterized by a chronic but low activation of inflammatory processes), remains unknown. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the involvement of low-grade inflammation in the development of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. These conditions are characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, manifesting by higher blood concentrations of inflammatory factors. This inflammatory state would originate, at least partially, from the adipose tissue. Moreover, fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations are common in metabolic disorders. Given the role of inflammation in the physiopathology of these symptoms, their development could also rely on chronic low-grade inflammatory processes. Several objectives were defined to test this hypothesis: 1) to characterize fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in obese and diabetic patients; 2) to assess the relationship of systemic inflammation with the inflammatory state of the adipose tissue; and 3) to investigate the association of low-grade inflammation with fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders. Fatigue symptoms and cognitive function were respectively assessed using the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and the neuropsychological tests automated battery CANTAB in diabetic patients (type 1 and type 2) and in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. A control group was included for each model (obesity and type 2 diabetes). Circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers, as well as expression of inflammatory markers in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients, were measured. Our results indicate that fatigue symptoms, especially in the dimensions of general and physical fatigue, represent fundamental characteristics of patients suffering from metabolic disorders. In addition, cognitive alterations (psychomotor slowing and alterations in spatial planning performance) were measured in type 2 diabetic patients, more particularly those under insulin treatment, and in obese patients. Slight alterations in the test of backward spatial span were measured in obese patients. With respect to biological data, our results indicate significant relationships between systemic inflammation and inflammatory markers (inflammatory cytokines, including MCP1, and T-cell markers) in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients. Interestingly, chronic low-grade inflammation was associated with fatigue symptoms (general fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced activity and motivation) and performance alterations in tests assessing executive functions. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis of the involvement of the adipose macrophages and T lymphocytes in the systemic inflammatory state associated with obesity. Moreover, these results suggest that systemic low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic disorders may contribute to the physiopathology of fatigue and cognitive alterations in these conditions. In conclusion, these studies provide a precise characterization of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. In addition, this thesis work gives interesting information about the relationships of chronic low-grade inflammation and fatigue and cognitive symptoms, and refines hypotheses regarding the involvement of inflammatory processes in the physiopathology of these symptoms in patients with diabetes or obesity
Pépin, Léopold. "Astrocytomes de bas-grade : apport de l'imageri moderne." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11055.
Rorive, Sandrine. "Les astrocytomes de bas-grade: caractérisation moléculaire et implications cliniques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210181.
Le but des études entreprises au cours de ce travail de thèse est d’apporter une contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes de tumorigenèse qui différencient l’astrocytome de grade I des astrocytomes diffus (grade II-IV), de manière à identifier des voies biologiques qui permettraient, au moins en partie, d’expliquer ces différences de comportement.
Au cours de la première partie de ce travail, nous avons caractérisé les profils d’expression génomique des astrocytomes de grade I et de grade II, en comparant les données d’expression de gènes (évaluées par des technologies de micropuces d’ADN) de travaux publiés entre 2000 et 2005. L’expression des gènes identifiés a été validée par des analyses de RT-PCR quantitative sur une série indépendante d’astrocytomes de grade I, II et IV. Les fonctions biologiques des protéines codées par chacun de ces gènes ont fait l’objet de recherches bibliographiques détaillées afin de proposer un modèle permettant d’approcher les différences de comportement de ces tumeurs. Cette analyse nous a permis d’identifier TIMP4 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4) et IGFBP2 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2) comme gènes candidats pour améliorer la caractérisation biologique et clinique des astrocytomes de grade I par rapport aux astrocytomes diffus. TIMP4 et IGFBP2 codent respectivement pour un inhibiteur endogène des métalloprotéinases matricielles (MMPs) et une protéine de liaison capable d’inhiber l’action des « insulin-like growth factors » (IGFs, dont IGFI et IGFII), des facteurs impliqués dans la croissance et la migration des astrocytes normaux et tumoraux.
Sur base de la surexpression de TIMP4 et d’IGFBP2 dans les astrocytomes de grade I, en comparaison aux astrocytomes diffus de grade II, nous avons posé l’hypothèse suivante :« L’absence d’agressivité des astrocytomes de grade I, en comparaison aux astrocytomes diffus (grade II-IV) pourrait en partie être liée à l’inhibition par TIMP-4 de la protéolyse des complexes IGFBP2-IGFII au sein de ces tumeurs ». Cette protéolyse, qui diminue l’affinité d’IGFBP2 pour IGFII, pourrait contribuer à libérer IGFII dans la matrice extracellulaire (MEC), favoriser la liaison d’IGFII à son récepteur IGF-IR et stimuler la croissance et la migration des cellules astrocytaires tumorales. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons réalisé différentes analyses biochimiques afin i) de caractériser les actions protéolytiques de MMP-2, MMP-9 et MT1-MMP sur le complexe IGFBP2-IGFII, ii) d’identifier la libération d’IGFII lors du clivage de ce complexe, et iii) d’étudier l’action inhibitrice de TIMP-4. A l’aide d’un modèle cellulaire in vitro (lignée astrocytaire tumorale LN229), nous avons ensuite observé l’influence de la protéolyse du complexe IGFBP2-IGFII sur la croissance et la motilité cellulaire. Cette étude a montré :(1) la protéolyse du complexe IGFBP2-IGFII par MMP-9, (2) l’inhibition partielle de cette protéolyse par TIMP-4, (3) la libération d’IGFII résultant de cette protéolyse et (4) les effets stimulants de la libération d’IGFII sur la croissance et la motilité des cellules LN229. Cette étude souligne le rôle important de la protéolyse des complexes IGFBP2-IGFII dans l’agressivité des astrocytomes diffus. Elle confirme les effets stimulants propres d’IGFII, d’IGFBP2 et de MMP-9 sur la motilité et/ou la croissance des cellules astrocytaires tumorales. Enfin, elle identifie un rôle inhibiteur potentiel de TIMP-4 sur la protéolyse du complexe IGFBP2-IGFII, qui pourrait contribuer à expliquer le caractère plus indolent des astrocytomes de grade I en comparaison aux astrocytomes diffus.
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Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Gerin, Chloé. "Modélisation et étude histologique de gliomes diffus de bas grade." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820353.
Gerin, Chloé. "Modélisation et études histologiques de gliomes diffus de bas grade." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077066.
Diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG) are primary brain tumors. After a slow growth, they evolve to high-grade gliomas, resulting into death. These tumors are very diffuse, thus diffîcult to treat. A better knownledge of them could allow to cure them or, failing that, to optimize treatments. We studied the growth of LGG with a simple mathematical model, which led us to speculate (i) that they arise in adolescence, (ii) that the age of the tumor at diagnosis can be calculated easily, and (iii) that the growth rate is an important prognostic factor. This last prediction is consistent with clinical observations. To test this spatial model, we have quantitatively characterized biopsy tissues of human LGG, particularly the presence of edema. The microscopic analysis of these data underpins the idea that edema is the cause of the abnormality seen on T2-weighted MR imaging. To take this new result into account, we have incorporated edema into the initial model as a consequence of the presence of tumor cells. This model helps explain the long decay of the tumor radius for tens of months after radiation therapy: as tumor cells become less numerous, drainage of the edema becomes predominant. This model, which has only three free parameters, has been validated thanks to clinical data from twenty patients
Darlix, Amélie. "Gliomes diffus de bas grade : données épidémiologiques et hypothèses étiologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT011/document.
The epidemiology and risks factors of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG, or WHO grade II diffuse gliomas) are yet poorly known. This thesis aimed at describing the epidemiology (incidence rates, demographic data) and at looking for arguments in favor of environmental, functional and molecular risk factors, in the literature and by our works. Descriptive epidemiology: The analysis of an exhaustive series of incident cases of DLGG diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 allowed the determination of DLGG incidence (incidence rate standardized on the French population: 0,775/105 person-years) as well as that of each histological subtype described by the 2007 WHO classification. Environmental risk factors: We were able to demonstrate significant differences in the geographical distribution of WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas in metropolitan France, with higher incidence rates in the North-East and Center regions. This heterogeneity stands in favor of environmental risk factors, even though there is to date no proven environmental risk factor for DLGG. Biological risk factors: Our work demonstrated the existence of a clear dichotomy, regarding molecular biology, between frontal DLGG, more frequently IDH-mutated and 1p19q codeleted, and temporo-insular tumors, less frequently IDH-mutated and 1p19q codeleted, suggesting different gliomagenesis pathways for these two patterns of tumors. Functional risk factors: Finally, data from the literature provide two main arguments in favor of the existence of functional risk factors in DLGG. First, the intra-cerebral location of these tumors is specific and distinct from that of other gliomas, with a preferential implication of “functional” areas. Second, macroscopic intra-cerebral changes have been reported following training on specific tasks, or in relation with a specific expertise. The microscopic mechanisms that underlie these modifications are uncertain but an implication (direct or indirect) of glial cells seems probable, and could favor gliomagenesis. To date, only few studies have investigated the correlation between the subject’s activity and the risk of DLGG. We thus propose, following this thesis, a case-control study to further investigate this issue. In conclusion, even though there is no demonstrated risk factor for DLGG, data from the literature, and conclusions from the present work, suggest the implication of environmental, functional and biological factors in DLGG genesis
Lopes, Manuel. "Chirurgie des gliomes de bas grade en zone fonctionnelle : réflexions éthiques." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N116.
Therapeutic controversies abouy low-grade gliomas arise both from the difficulties in clearly defining them from a histological point of view and from the subséquent imperfect knowledge of the natural history of the disease. The surgical attitude is thus heterogeneous ( from abstention to maximal possible resection involving in some cases functional areas), resulting from the difficulty in determining the best indication for each individual patient ; this lack of consensus generates several ethical issues. This fact has been assessed both practically
Claessens, Yann-Erick. "Etude de la dysérythropoièse au cours des syndromes myélodysplasiques de bas grade." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P632.
Anemia is a common feature in low grade myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However mechanisms responsible for this are unresolved. We describe a model of liquid cultures allowing the in vitro development of the erythroid lineage from CD34+ cells from MDS and control patients. We found an increased apoptosis and a decrease in expansion properties in MDS cultures. The Fas-Fas ligand system was responsible for the impairment of the erythroid development. We modulate this apoptotic signalling via inhibition of caspase-8 using a dominant negative of the adapter FADD, thus openening new therapeutic pathways. Significance of the enhanced apoptotic pathway mediated by Fas remains unresolved so far
Gyan, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation de la différenciation érythroïde dans les syndromes myélodysplasiques de bas grade." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077105.
The pathophysiology of low-grade myelodysplastic syndromes anemia is characterized by excessive levels of apoptosis in erythroid precursors. This apoptosis has been shown to involve caspase-8 cleavage through activation of the Pas pathway, The goal of the present PhD work is to explore the mechanisms of low grade erythroid precursors excessive apoptosis downstream of Pas. In the first part of this work, we have built a lentiviral vector containing the Bcl-2 transgene, as well as a C-terminal mutant of Bcl-2 targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER-BcI-2). We transduced CD34+ progenitors purified from the bone marrow of 28 patients and 10 healthy subjects, and cultured them along the erythroid differentiation pathway in a liquid culture System. Apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry (Annexin V and HIDC), as well as immunofluorescence for cytochrome c release. Caspase activation was studied by Western blot and fluorimetry. Fura-2 spectrofluorimetry was used to assess intracellular calcium movements. The overexpression of Bcl-2 and ER-Bcl-2 decreased mitochondrial membrane depolalarization and cytochrome c release in MDS erythroid precurson The inhibition of apoptosis observed with the ER-Bcl-2 mutant indicates a role of the ER. We found a higher level of intracellular calcium in MDS erythroid precursors than in healthy subjects, however this excess of calcium was not sensitive to Bcl-2 overexpression. The endoplasmic reticulum protein BAP-31 was found to be cleaved by caspase-8 in MDS erytroid precursors, and the anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl-2 overexpression was correiated to the level of inhibition of its cleavage. A protective effect of erythropoietin on spontaneous and Fas-induced apoptosis and BAP-31 cleavage was observed. In a second part of this work, we explore the sensitivity of erythroid precursors to ER stress. We find that the ER stress chaperone GRP78 is upregulate in a transcriptomic analysis, confirmed by RT-PCR data. We do not find evidence of an activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, MDS erythroid precursors are sensitive to ER-stress induced apoptosis. Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium uptake by ruthénium red does not protect from thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. However, the inhibition of cellular calcium uptake by BAPTA decreases the level of thapsigargin-induced apoptosis, suggesting that Ca2+ mobilization contributes to ER stress induced cell death in MDS erythroid precursors. We propose that the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the apoptosis of low-grade MDS erythroid precursors, through thé cleavage of BAP31 downstream of Pas and upstream of the mitochondria
Ben, Abdallah Mériem. "Un modèle de l'évolution des gliomes diffus de bas grade sous chimiothérapie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0215/document.
Diffuse low-grade gliomas are brain tumors of young adults. In this thesis, we focus on the segmentation and on the modeling of these tumors. In the first part of the manuscript, we study the segmentation of diffuse low-grade gliomas based on different manual and semi-automatic methods. The delineation of these tumors can be problematic because of their very infiltrating and inhomogeneous nature. In clinical practice, the monitoring of diffuse low-grade gliomas is based on the estimation of tumor volume, obtained either through a segmentation followed by a software reconstruction or through the three diameters method. As for the segmentation, it is manual and it is performed by practitioners on FLAIR-weighted or T2-weighted MRI.The three diameters approach is fast but it is difficult to implement in the case of highly infiltrating diffuse low grade gliomas or after a treatment. The manual segmentation and software-based volume reconstruction solution is time-consuming but it remains more accurate in comparison with the three diameters method. We investigate in this work the reproducibility of the manual segmentation with the OsiriX software by performing a subjective test in the Living Lab PROMETEE in TELECOM Nancy. The results of this study show that neither the practitioners' specialty nor their number of years of experience seem to have a significant impact on the quality of the segmentation. We also compare the results to those of a second test where we apply the three diameters method. Finally, we explore two semi-automatic segmentation algorithms which are, respectively, based on active contours and on the level set method. Even if automatic segmentation seems to be a promising avenue, we recommend for now the use of manual segmentation because of the diffuse nature of low-grade gliomas, which makes the tumor's contours complex to delineate. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the modeling of diffuse low-grade gliomas themselves or, to be more precise, to the modeling of the evolution of the tumor's diameter during chemotherapy. The therapeutic management of patients with these tumors often includes indeed chemotherapy. For this work, we focus on Temozolomide chemotherapy in first-line treatment. After the beginning of the treatment, the practitioners would like to determine the optimum time of discontinuation. We propose a statistical modeling of tumor diameter under chemotherapy. This modeling is based on linear and exponential regression models. It can predict the tumor diameter from a set of training dataset and can alert the clinician on the state of change in diameter under treatment. We hope that these models will, eventually, be used as a tool in the planning of chemotherapy in a clinical environment
Ben, Abdallah Mériem. "Un modèle de l'évolution des gliomes diffus de bas grade sous chimiothérapie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0215.
Diffuse low-grade gliomas are brain tumors of young adults. In this thesis, we focus on the segmentation and on the modeling of these tumors. In the first part of the manuscript, we study the segmentation of diffuse low-grade gliomas based on different manual and semi-automatic methods. The delineation of these tumors can be problematic because of their very infiltrating and inhomogeneous nature. In clinical practice, the monitoring of diffuse low-grade gliomas is based on the estimation of tumor volume, obtained either through a segmentation followed by a software reconstruction or through the three diameters method. As for the segmentation, it is manual and it is performed by practitioners on FLAIR-weighted or T2-weighted MRI.The three diameters approach is fast but it is difficult to implement in the case of highly infiltrating diffuse low grade gliomas or after a treatment. The manual segmentation and software-based volume reconstruction solution is time-consuming but it remains more accurate in comparison with the three diameters method. We investigate in this work the reproducibility of the manual segmentation with the OsiriX software by performing a subjective test in the Living Lab PROMETEE in TELECOM Nancy. The results of this study show that neither the practitioners' specialty nor their number of years of experience seem to have a significant impact on the quality of the segmentation. We also compare the results to those of a second test where we apply the three diameters method. Finally, we explore two semi-automatic segmentation algorithms which are, respectively, based on active contours and on the level set method. Even if automatic segmentation seems to be a promising avenue, we recommend for now the use of manual segmentation because of the diffuse nature of low-grade gliomas, which makes the tumor's contours complex to delineate. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the modeling of diffuse low-grade gliomas themselves or, to be more precise, to the modeling of the evolution of the tumor's diameter during chemotherapy. The therapeutic management of patients with these tumors often includes indeed chemotherapy. For this work, we focus on Temozolomide chemotherapy in first-line treatment. After the beginning of the treatment, the practitioners would like to determine the optimum time of discontinuation. We propose a statistical modeling of tumor diameter under chemotherapy. This modeling is based on linear and exponential regression models. It can predict the tumor diameter from a set of training dataset and can alert the clinician on the state of change in diameter under treatment. We hope that these models will, eventually, be used as a tool in the planning of chemotherapy in a clinical environment
Liukkonen, T. (Timo). "Low-grade inflammation in depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296475.
Tiivistelmä Depressio, ahdistuneisuushäiriöt ja unihäiriöt on yhdistetty elimistön matala-asteiseen tulehdustilaan, joskin pääasiallisesti vain miehillä. Tulosten yleistettävyyttä ovat rajoittaneet tutkimusten pienet otoskoot tai painottuminen iäkkäisiin väestöaineistoihin. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin matala-asteisen tulehduksen yhteyttä depressioon, ahdistuneisuuteen ja unihäiriöihin Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966 -aineistossa. Lisäksi Pieksämäki-tutkimuksen aineistossa selvitettiin naisilla menopaussin ja ehkäisyvalmisteiden/vaihdevuosihormonikorvaushoidon vaikutusta depression ja matala-asteisen tulehduksen väliseen yhteyteen. Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966 -tutkimuksen 31-vuotisseurannassa kartoitettiin 6007 henkilöltä masennus- ja ahdistuneisuusoireita Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 -arviointiasteikolla (HSCL-25) ja unihäiriöitä 15-D-kyselyllä. Lisäksi mitattiin matala-asteisen tulehduksen mittarina käytetyn herkän C-reaktiivisen proteiinin (CRP) pitoisuus. Pieksämäki-tutkimuksessa edustava otos Pieksämäen asukkaista kutsuttiin kliiniseen tutkimukseen ja depressiivisiä oireita kartoitettiin Beckin 21-osioisella arviointiasteikolla ja mitattiin herkkä CRP (512 naista). Nuorilla aikuisilla miehillä, joiden herkkä CRP oli kohonnut (≥1.0 mg/l), todettiin 1.7-kertainen masennusoireiden riski, kun katkaisupisteenä käytettiin HSCL-25-kyselyn masennuskeskiarvopistettä ≥2.01. Ahdistuneisuusoireet (HSCL-25-kyselyn ahdistuneisuuskeskiarvopisteet ≥1.75) lisäsivät kohonneen herkän CRP:n riskiä (>3.0 mg/l) yli kaksinkertaiseksi miehillä. Keskivaikeasta tai vaikeasta unihäiriöstä kärsivillä todettiin 1.3-kertainen kohonneen herkän CRP:n (≥1.0 mg/l) riski. Naisilla positiivinen yhteys masennuksen ja kohonneen herkän CRP:n välillä todettiin vain peri- ja postmenopausaalisilla naisilla, jotka eivät käyttäneet hormonikorvaushoitoa tai suun kautta otettavia ehkäisyvalmisteita. Tutkimustulokset viittaavat matala-asteisen tulehduksen liittyvän depressioon, ahdistukseen ja unihäiriöön nuorilla aikuisilla miehillä. Naisilla hormonaaliset seikat mahdollisesti vaikuttavat depression ja matala-asteisen tulehduksen väliseen yhteyteen. Tulevaisuuden tutkimushaasteena on selvittää matala-asteisen inflammaation mahdollinen merkitys depression, ahdistuneisuuden ja unihäiriöiden patofysiologiassa
Garderet, Laurent. "Le microenvironnement dans la physiopathologie du myélome et des myélodysplasies de bas grade." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077094.
The microenvironment is often incriminated in the physiopathology of malignant haemopathies. We investigated its role in the evolution of myeloma and low-grade myelodysplasia (myelodysplastic syndrome, MDS). Myeloma is characterized by bone lesions, the osteoblasts which participate in bone reconstruction being deficient. We studied the cells from which they originate, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), whose alteration could partly explain this deficit. Numbers of CFU-F were indeed diminished in myeloma, the time to attain confluence was increased and their expansion capacity was strongly reduced. This defect could be due to a diminution of receptors for certain growth factors. These MSC likewise secreted excess DKK1, a powerful inhibitor of osteoblasts, and IL-6 which is a strong stimulator of tumoral plasma cells. The MSC are therefore pathological in myeloma and contribute to the bone anomalies. On the contrary, the involvement of MSC in myelodysplasia is subject to controversy. In a stroma-progenitor co-culture System established in our laboratory, they support thé normal erythropoiesis of healthy CD34+ haematopoietic progenitors. Unexpectedly, however, and contrary to current belief, we found that MDS progenitors co-cultured with healthy MSC could differentiate completely to the stage of terminal enucleation. We speculated that the dyserythropoiesis of low-grade MDS is not linked to a differentiation disorder but solely to a proliferation defect due to excessive apoptosis. To verify this hypothesis, we studied 5q- syndrome, a low-grade MDS which presents a readily identifiable genetic anomaly allowing one to follow the pathological clone. We showed that at the clonal level, the erythroid commitment of the progenitors is normal and complete although their proliferative capacity is strongly diminished, whereas in contrast to what has been believed until now, their terminal erythroid differentiation is not modified. The red blood cells enucleate normally. According to our results, 5q- syndrome is thus a quantitative rather than a qualitative disorder. This finding might also prove to be true in other low-grade MDS
Kowalski, Elizabeth Ashley. "Toll-Interacting Protein Regulation of Low-grade Non-resolving Inflammation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78340.
Ph. D.
Meutia, Nuraiza. "Polyphenol curcuminoids and prevention of endotoxaemia and low-grade inflammation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9119/.
Dinel, Anne-Laure. "Impact de l'inflammation à bas bruit associée à l'obésité sur l'établissement des troubles de l'humeur et de la cognition." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13759/document.
Severe obesity is associated with a low grade inflammation characterized by an increased release of inflammatory markers like cytokines and leptin. It has been suggested that some of these mediators of inflammation could also be found in the brain, as manifested by the increased hypothalamic expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1) and the activation of their intracellular pathways. Moreover, the intensity of the inflammation state seems to increase with the degree of obesity. Morbid obesity, which is accompanied by different comorbid pathologies like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and a high prevalence of mood (anxiety, depression) and cognitive disorders, is clearly associated with peripheral inflammation. Such an association is less clear in the case of a moderate obesity which is not systematically associated with comorbid pathologies. It is clearly established that during an infection brain actions of cytokines that are released as a result of the innate immune system activation induce development of sickness behaviour. In the case of a prolonged and/or unregulated activation of the cytokine network, sickness behaviour that includes non-specific symptoms such as behavioral alterations, fever and neuroendocrine activation can lead to the development of mood and cognitive disorders. Moreover, such a development is associated with a drastic drop of circulating levels of tryptophan, the essential amino acid acting as limiting factor of the serotonin synthesis. It has been proposed that these alterations could be at least partially explained by cytokine-induced peripheral and/or central activation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme that is potently induced in monocytes, macrophages and brain microglia by cytokines. IDO activation can result in the lowering of the bioavailability of tryptophan for 5-HT synthesis and the increase of neurotoxic derivates (3-OH-kynurenine, quinolinic acid). Both consequences of cytokine-induced IDO activation may play a role in the development of the cognitive and mood disorders associated with obesity. The present study aimed therefore at studying in mice the relationship between inflammation and development of mood and cognitive disorders associated with obesity. This study was performed in two different but complementary experimental conditions reproducing 1) a moderate obesity devoid of marked pathological complications (a model of diet induced obesity) and 2) a morbid obesity associated with comorbid pathologies like type 2 diabetes (db/db mice). Our results showed that: 1) The degree of obesity is correlated with the intensity of the alterations affecting innate immune system activation. 2) Obesity exacerbates the innate immune system activation as manifested by the increase of peripheral and central cytokine production, and related neurochemical, neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations. 3) The inflammation-related alterations induced by obesity are associated with impairment of cognitive abilities and emotional reactivity, as well as development of anxiety-like symptoms, although differences in their respective time-course of appearance seem to exist. Taken together, these findings showed the key role of the inflammation associated with obesity in its related mood and cognitive disorders. This work provides therefore a first important step towards the identification of new pharmacological and/or nutritional strategies aimed at ameliorating life quality of obese subjects and preventing development of related comorbidities
DELCAMBRE, VERRIEZ THERESE, and Thierry Delcambre. "Les astrocytomes cerebraux de bas grade chez l'adulte, apport des biopsies en condition stereotaxique." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M198.
Mazzocco, Pauline. "Applications de la modélisation mathématique à l'optimisation des traitements chimiothérapiques des gliomes de bas-grade." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM022/document.
Low-grade gliomas are slow-growing brain tumors, mainly affecting young adults who may remain without any symptoms for years. Patients can undergo surgery, or receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy with two different treatments: PCV of temozolomide (TMZ).In our different projects, we aim to show that mathematical modeling, and population approach, can allow to improve treatments, in terms of response duration and amplitude, for low-grade gliomas treated with chemotherapy (PCV and TMZ).In a first part, we focus on the possibility to modify PCV administration protocol, on a population level, to prolong tumor decrease duration. We claim that prolonging time interval between cycles enables us to significantly postpone the time to tumor regrowth.In a second part, we study the evolution of low-grade gliomas treated with TMZ. We analyze tumor size observations of 77 low-grade glioma patients, as well as genetic information, to develop a K-PD mixed-effects model describing tumor evolution before and after treatment onset. We then evaluate model capacity to predict tumor response duration and amplitude, on the base of early tumor sizes and genetic information. These predictions could be used to help clinicians to determine if they should prolong the treatment or not, for a given patient.In a last part, we more particularly focus on the phenomenon of resistance to TMZ. We build a PK-PD mixed-effects model describing the emergence of resistant tumor cells, using the same tumor size observations as previously. This model more accurately reproduces the evolution of TMZ in the body and its effect on the tumor. It is then used to optimize TMZ therapeutic protocol, on an individual level. Using an optimization algorithm, we determine the time interval between TMZ cycles, and the dose to administer, to prolong tumor decrease duration while limiting the emergence of resistance. The optimized protocols are evaluated with a stochastic approach, allowing to test the robustness of the model and the optimization.Through these different projects, we show the utility of mathematical modeling to help to improve chemotherapy treatments of low-grade glioma patients. We believe that these results could be transposed to other types of cancers
RIHET, STEPHANE. "Diagnostic et pronostic des lesions de bas grade du col uterin liees aux papillomavirus humains." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0102.
Roux, Jean Olivier. "Tumeurs cartilagineuses pures de bas grade : étude en écho de spin T1 après injection de gadolinium." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11084.
Lemesle, Martin Martine. "Neuropathie, angéite nécrosante et lymphome de bas grade avec dysglobulinémie monoclonale : à propos de 3 cas." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOM090.
Leventoux, Nicolas. "Etude des foyers d’hétérogénéité tumorale dans les gliomes diffus de bas grade de l’adulte mutés IDH1." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT037.
Gliomas are the main primary brain tumours affecting around 4000 new patients in France each year. Half of gliomas are detected in the advanced stage of glioblastoma (grade IV) while 15% of tumours are diagnosed in stage II (diffuse low-grade gliomas-DLGG). These tumors affect young patients and bear characteristic mutations, including a mutation for the enzyme IDH1 commonly found in secondary glioblastomas. These low-grade tumours are treated by surgery, ideally in awake condition but due to their diffuse nature, the residual part will progress inexorably to stage III or IV with overall survival between 5 and 15 years after diagnosis. Tumor progression is highly variable and unpredictable from one patient to another. Foci of tumor progression have been identified in 20% of patients with DLGG. These foci show a higher cell density and an increased Ki67. My thesis work consisted in studying the cellular and molecular changes associated with tumor progression. From the RNA profile of the foci and adjacent territories, I was able to highlight through high-throughput techniques significant decrease in gene expression in the foci, particularly of AGXT2L1/ETNPPL, carboxypeptidase E, EDNRB, SFRP2. I hypothesized that SFRP2 and ETNPLL could oppose cell proliferation and that their decrease would pave the way for tumor transformation. An inverse correlation between the amount of ETNPPL and the survival of patients with hepatocarcinoma has been published. By limiting the amount of phospholipid precursors in the cell, ETNPPL could act as a brake against proliferation and indeed, its decrease in glioma transformation foci could remove this inhibition. My PhD work will have been innovative in the comparative approach of the different tumors’ compartments for each patient studied and will have revealed ETNPPL as correlated to gliomagenesis and as potential therapeutic target
Perrillat-Mercerot, Angélique. "Modélisation et étude du métabolisme énergétique cérébral. Applications à l'imagerie des gliomes diffus de bas grade." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2285/document.
Everything that lives is born, eats, reproduces and dies. For the brain, the question is more complex because neurons have to survive and to support brain activity. Energy management is also particular because brain cells evolve together with no competition. Thanks to medical imaging, we know that neurons do not consume only glucose. They can use others energetic substrates such as lactate and glutamate as a power source.When a tumor appears, it changes the energetic metabolism to survive and support its own growth. In particular, cancer cells like to consume lactate. They also choose their favorite substrate based on the available oxygen. Modeling of energy substrates is useful to describe and predict energetic kinetics and changes. Mathematical models could get with clinical and medical results to describe, explain or predict low grade glioma dynamics. They can help to characterize and quantify a tumor evolution, then leading to improve their therapeutical management. Exchanges between mathematics and MRI (and MRS) enable to get accurate data and to build suitable mathematical models.This thesis deals with several approaches of substrates dynamics in healthy and gliomatous brains. These researches are based on systems of equations. We model local lactate exchanges (ODE, fast-slow systems), global substrates exchanges (ODE), glutamate/glutamine cycle (RDE) and local lactate exchanges in higher dimensions (PDE). We describe, analyze and give simulations of these models. Simulations are fitted on patient MRI data or literature data. Energy is necessary to live. But if your neighbor consumes a part of your resources, can you still survive ?
Tutto ciò che vive nasce, si nutre, si riproduce e muore. Per il cervello, la questione è più complessa perché i neuroni devono sopravvivere e sostenere l'attività cerebrale. La gestione energetica cerebrale è particolare anche perché le cellule cerebrali evolvono insieme, senza concorrenza. Inoltre, grazie alle immagini mediche, sappiamo che i neuroni non consumano solo del glucosio ma usano altri substrati energetici come il lattato o il glutammato.Quando un tumore si stabilisce, cambia il metabolismo energetico del cervello per sopravvivere e sostenere la propria crescita. In particolare, cellule tumorali consumano del lattato e scelgono il loro substrato preferito basandosi all'ossigeno disponibile.La matematica, e in particolare l'elaborazione di modelli matematici può aiutarci a ottimizzare i dati disponibili, che possono essere, di volta in volta, delle proprietà cellulare o delle lastre MRI o MRS. La modellizzazione dei substrati energetici potrebbe descrivere, spiegare o prevedere le dinamiche energetiche nel cervello.Questa tesi tratta di diversi approcci della dinamica dei substrati nei cervelli sani e gliomatosi. Queste ricerche si basano su sistemi di equazioni. Modellizziamo scambi locali di lattato (ODE, sistemi fast-slow), scambi globali di substrati (ODE), ciclo glutammato/glutammina (RDE) e scambi locali di lattato in dimensioni superiori (PDE). Descriviamo, analizziamo e diamo simulazioni di questi modelli. Le simulazioni sono adeguate su dati MRI paziente o dati di letteratura.Per vivere, l’energia è una necessità. Ma se i Suoi vicini consumassero le Sue risorse, riuscirebbe ancora a sopravvivere ?
Azar, Safa. "Tumeurs cérébrales de bas grade : élaboration de modèles in vitro et in vivo pour le développement de thérapies innovantes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT017.
Low grade gliomas are low proliferating tumors affecting functional regions of young patients. In most cases, they tend to transform into a more malignant state following surgery. These tumors carry a key mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (70-80% of DLGG). Gliomas with IDH1 mutation have improved prognosis compared togliomaswith wild type IDH1. IDH1 protein acquires the ability to convert α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-OH-glutarate (2-HG). The new onco-metabolite can interfere with the normal function of α-KG, leading to a general hypermethylation of the genome, thus inducing a blockage of the cellular differentiation. Very good reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying high grade glioma invasion already exist but little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms in diffuse low grade gliomas. To that end, I characterized the profile of IDH1 mutated cells in the different types of DLGG. I have demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase, PDGFRα and EGFR receptors are abundantly expressed by tumor cells eventhough they are not activated. In contrast, a strong phosphorylation of Erk p42 / 44 proteins was detected in these tumors. This phosphorylation has a dual origin: tumor cells and their environment. The use of a series of markers allowed me to better define the state of differentiation of cancerous cells and to demonstrate a preferential expression of Sox8 in oligodendrogliomas while Sox9 is predominant in astrocytomas. In a second time, I have developed a method for the culture of low-grade diffuse gliomas and isolated five cell lines carrying the recurrent mutation IDH1 R132H. Recently Agios has identified very specific inhibitors (particularly AGI-5198) of the mutated IDH1 enzyme which, used in a murine glioma model, contributed to the demethylation of H3K9me3 histones with an increased expression of differentiation related genes as well as a reduction of the tumor mass. On the contrary, I have shown that AGI-5198 increases cell growth of patient cell lines, modifies the cellular migration and various signaling pathways.These studies shed new light on the phenotype of tumor cells, their diversity and The molecular mechanisms governing their proliferation
Mayot, Gilles. "L'inflammation à bas bruit n'aggrave pas la fonte musculaire chez le rat âgé, même après un stress." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM12.
The aging of developed countries populations generates a socioeconomic problem related to the growing number of dependent persons. The loss of autonomy is explained partly by a strong skeletal muscle mass loss, which results from modifications in protein metabolism during aging. Mechanisms involved in these alterations are not completely known. Age-related low grade inflammation (LGI) could contribute to muscle mass loss during aging. The aim of the thesis was to clarify the impact of LGI on skeletal muscle mass loss during aging. Experiments have been conducted in male 24 months old Wistar rats which were bred in a conventional animal facility. Firsty, markers of LGI have been validated in old rats. Then, the impact of LGI has been studied on spontaneous muscle mass loss and on stress-induced muscle mass loss. Two stresses have been tested : an endotoxin stress followed by protein-energy malnutrition and a bacterial infection. Thresholds of a α2-macroglobulin and fibrinogen levels have been defined for LGI in rats. LGI aggravates spontaneous body weight loss but does not worsen spontaneous muscle mass loss. Muscle protein turn-over is insensitive to LGI, while liver absolute protein synthesis rate increases. LGI does not mdify muscle mass losses induced by the two studied stresses and muscle protein turn-over is still independent of LGI. LGI does not contribute to skeletal muscle mass loss during aging but worsens body weight loss. Therefore, it would be interesting to counteract IBB in order to preserve body weight during aging
Bergthold, Guillaume. "Genomic Profiling of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T053/document.
Low-grade gliomas represent the most frequent brain tumor arising during childhood. They are characterized by a broad spectrum of tumor types.The definition of low-grade gliomas has been mainly based on morphology. This histological classification of pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG), suffers from the lack of reproducibility. The recent progress in molecular biology and genetics has brought new insights in the biology of those tumors and allows better understanding of their biology. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of two different genetic approaches in PLGGs. The first part is based on the description of somatic genetic alterations of the DNA. Using a large PLGG cohort, we have dissect the genome of those tumors and draw the landscape of their genetic alteration. Although BRAF and FGFR1 alterations are predominantly altered, we have discovered a new translocation, MYB-QKI, that is almost exclusively present in a specific histological subgroup; angiocentric gliomasThe second part of the thesis describes transcriptomic analysis of bulk PLGGs. This work describes molecular differences between PLGGs from distinct histologies and arising from different locations in the brain as well as different BRAF mutation status.We were also able to test single-cell expression analyses in three pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) using RNA-sequencing. In this experimental work we have successfully tested the hypothesis that we can isolate single-cells from fresh PLGG tumors in order to analyze the trasncriptome at a large scale. We observed that single-cells expressing A2B5, a glial progenitor marker, isolated in pediatric PAs are characterized as a distinct biological population. These results underline the importance to improve the precision of the transcriptomic studies to capture the molecular signal of tumor cells and further understand the different pattern between normal cells and tumor cells
Freiche, Valérie. "Analyse comparative de l'oncogenèse des proliférations digestives T de bas grade du chorion de l'homme et du chat." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS571.
T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the GI tract (GI T-LPD) is a rare and often misdiagnosed human primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma, for which there is currently no therapeutic consensus. Meanwhile, an emerging indolent GI lymphoma subtype affecting the ageing domestic cat, named feline T-cell low grade intestinal lymphoma (T-LGIL) has become the first digestive neoplasia in this species. Little is known about the pathogenesis of indolent T-LPD in both species.We therefore analyzed digestive samples of 22 cats diagnosed with T-LGIL and therefore, we performed an extensive clinical, paraclinical, histopathological and molecular characterization. Our data indicate that T-LGIL displays similar features as human GI TLPD and hence, may be considered as a relevant animal model for the human disease. We also showed that JAK/STAT pathway was deregulated in T-LGIL and could represent a potential therapeutictarget for both species.In the second part of the work, we aimed to identify biomarkers that can discriminate T-LGIL from its main differential diagnosis, i.e. lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis. We detected specific histological and immunohistochemical features. However, microbiota profiles were similar between both groups.Altogether, these results prompted us to propose a new lymphomagenesis model based on a continuum between inflammatory bowel disease and clonal emergence of small T-cell lymphocytes within the intestinal mucosa. Further studies including virome sequencing, whole genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing are ongoing to better define specific oncogenic somatic events involved in T-LGIL pathogenesis
Olsem, Eric-Laurent. "Manifestations systemiques des hepatites virales c chroniques de bas grade : a propos d'une revue de 78 cas." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M298.
El, Yousfi Mimoun. "Influence des états inflammatoires chroniques sur le métabolisme protéique et la fonction immunitaire. Approche nutritionnelle : Thèse présentée à l'Université d'Auvergne pour l'obtention du grade de docteur d'Université." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM27.
Pittman, Joshua Taylor. "The Metabolic Effects of Low Grade Inflammation on Postprandial Metabolism Following a High Fat Meal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51543.
Master of Science
Pretorius, Rachelle Ann. "Body composition and systematic low-grade inflammation in children : the PLAY study / Rachelle A. Pretorius." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1096.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
Jobs, Elisabeth. "Cathepsin S as a Biomarker of Low-grade Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234027.
Luo, Yun. "Optimisation des thérapeutiques du choc cardiogénique : conséquences métaboliques, microcirculatoires et inflammatoires d’une assistance circulatoire à objectif de débit d’ECMO bas versus standard dans un modèle porcin d’arrêt cardiaque réfractaire réanimé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0144/document.
Introduction : Refractory cardiac arrest is defined by the absence of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROCS) within 30 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CRP) under medical supervision. ExtraCorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an emerging alternative therapy in this population. The post extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) hemodynamic state is a complex entity and the critical care management in the first hours following ECMO implantation is not well defined. This study was designed to assess the effect of two veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) blood-flow strategies in an experimental model of ECPR (extracorporeal cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) on macrocirculatory, metabolic and microcirculatory parameters in the first six hours of ECMO initiation. Material and methods : Cardiac arrest was induced in 18 pigs by surgical ligature of the left descending coronary artery. ECPR was initiated after 40 minutes of low-flow with an ECMO blood-flow of 30-35 ml.kg-1.min-1 (low-blood-flow group, LBF) or 65-70 ml.kg-1.min-1 (standard-blood-flow group, SBF), with the same mean arterial pressure target (65 mmHg). Macrocirculatory and metabolic parameters were assessed by lactate clearance and carotid blood-flow. Microcirculatory parameters were assessed by sublingual microcirculation with Sidestream Dark Field (SDF) imaging and peripheral Near-InfraRed Spectrometry (NIRS). Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured with a multiplexed ELISA-based array platform. Results : There was no between-group difference at baseline and at ECMO initiation (H0). Lactate clearance at H6 was lower in LBF compared to SBF (6.67[-10.43-18.78] vs. 47.41[19.54, 70.69] %, p=0.04). carotid blood flow was significantly lower (p<0.005) during the last four hours despite similar mean arterial pressure levels. For microcirculatory parameters, SDF and NIRS parameters were transitorily impaired at H3 in LBF. IL-6 cytokine level was significantly higher in LBF at the end of the experiment. Conclusion: In an experimental porcine model of refractory cardiac arrest treated by ECMO, a low-blood-flow strategy during the first six hours of resuscitation was associated with lower lactate clearance and lower cerebral blood-flow with no benefits on ischemia-reperfusion parameters
Davies, Anna Amelia. "Determinants of low-grade systemic inflammation in the Gambia : the potential role of early life factors." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500003.
Gao, Helen Guoyi Li. "INCREASED FIBROGENIC PROTEINS FOLLOWING PERSISTENT LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION IN A RAT MODEL OF LONG-TERM OVERUSE." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/238810.
M.S.
We examined the relationship between grip strength declines and muscle-tendon responses induced by long-term performance of a high-repetition, low-force (HRLF) reaching task in rats. We hypothesized that grip strength declines would correlate with inflammation, fibrosis and degradation in flexor digitorum muscles and tendons. Grip strength declined after training, and further in weeks 18 and 24, in reach limbs of HRLF rats. Flexor digitorum tissues of reach limbs showed low-grade increases in inflammatory cytokines: IL-1beta after training and in week 18, IL-1alpha in week 18, TNF-alpha and IL-6 after training and in week 24, and IL-10 in week 24, with greater increases in tendons than muscles. Similar cytokine increases were detected in serum with HRLF: IL-1alpha and IL-10 in week 18, and TNF-alpha and IL-6 in week 24. Grip strength correlated inversely with IL-6 in muscles, tendons and serum, and TNF-alpha in muscles and serum. Four fibrogenic proteins, TGFB1, CTGF, PDGFab and PDGFbb, and hydroxyproline, a marker of collagen synthesis, increased in serum in HRLF weeks 18 or 24, concomitant with epitendon thickening, increased muscle and tendon TGFB1 and CTGF. A collagenolytic gelatinase, MMP2, increased by week 18 in serum, tendons and muscles of HRLF rats. Grip strength correlated inversely with TGFB1 in muscles, tendons and serum; with CTGF-immunoreactive fibroblasts in tendons; and with MMP2 in tendons and serum. Thus, motor declines correlated with low-grade systemic and musculotendinous inflammation throughout task performance, and increased fibrogenic and degradative proteins with prolonged task performance. Serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, TGFB1, CTGF and MMP2 may serve as serum biomarkers of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, although further studies in humans are needed.
Temple University--Theses
Leggate, Melanie. "The IL-6 system and its interaction with chronic low-grade inflammation and high intensity intermittent exercise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10184.
Baker, Bianca Nicole. "Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for Low-grade Stress and Inflammation Triggered By Super-low Dose Endotoxin." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56732.
Ph. D.
Coget, Arthur. "Etude et modélisation de la plasticité cérébrale chez des patients porteurs de lésions gliales de bas grade opérés en chirurgie éveillée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS053.
IntroductionDiffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) are slow-growing brain tumors occurring in young adults. This slow progression induces extensive neuroplasticity and explains why patients most of the time do not show any obvious neurological deficit at the time of diagnosis although tumors are located in ‘eloquent’ areas. Therefore DLGG provide an interesting model in understanding mechanisms of neuroplasticity.Awake surgery with direct cortical and subcortical electrostimulation mapping is recommended as first-line treatment of DLGG, allowing to maximize tumoral resection and limiting postoperative neurological deficit, maintaining patients quality of life.Resting-state fMRI, based on BOLD signal analysis, is used to study functional connectivity and neural plasticity. This technique allows robust evaluation of neural networks without performing a task. Consequently, it bypasses the impact of confusion, sedation or neurological deficits on task execution. In this thesis, we aimed to investigate perioperative functional connectivity modifications in order to evaluate neural plasticity after awake surgery.Subsequently we explained the functional results using multimodal MRI imaging to analyze anatomic connectivity and hemodynamic parameters.Methods82 patients with DLGG who underwent awake surgical resection were included in the principal study. MRI acquisitions were performed successively before, within 36 h after and three months post-surgery. All scans were executed on the same MRI magnet for each patient, i.e. either a 3.0 T magnet (Skyra, Siemens) or a 1.5 T magnet (Avanto, Siemens). First, data were preprossed using a standardized classical pipeline and analyzed with the CONN toolbox v16.a.Second, anatomic connectivity was evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging of the corpus callosum.Finally hemodynamic changes induced by surgery were assessed with traditional perfusion imaging as well as using an innovative analysis of the BOLD signal’ s temporal shift.ResultsSurprisingly, it was found that specifically a diffuse transient postoperative interhemispheric disconnectivity occurred between homologous regions, known as homotopic connectivity.In parallel, immediate and long-term postoperative alterations in the anatomic connectivity of the corpus callosum were observed. Immediate and long-term postoperative modifications were also found regarding both regional and global hemodynamics characteristics. Yet, no significant link between the homotopic connectivity findings and the anatomical and hemodynamic changes could have been established at this point.Nevertheless, the hemodynamic analysis allowed the identification of a a specific brain region : the striatum. It was hypothesized that it acts as a central region for the maintenance of homotopic connectivity, explaining simultaneously the decreased post-surgical homotopic connectivity observed.ConclusionThe highlighted transient postoperative functional homotopy is probably due to multifactorial causes To start entangling these causes, the use of anatomic and hemodynamic imaging data analyses seems crucial to interpret functional connectivity data both immediate and long-term postoperative.Cerebral vasoreactivity and modelling studies provide thereby a very promising tool to better understand the interrelated processes underlying postoperative functional connectivity modifications
Lyle, Chimera. "Super Low Dose Endotoxin Exacerbates Low Grade Inflammation through Modulating Cell Stress and Decreasing Cellular Homeostatic Protein Expression." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86360.
Ph. D.
Lemaitre, Anne-Laure. "Métacognition et personnalité chez des patients porteurs d'un gliome diffus de bas grade : un eclairage nouveau sur le potentiel plastique du cerveau humain." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H059.
Recent findings in the field of neuropsychology have allowed to move from a localized to a dynamic network approach of brain functions. This paradigmatic shift, from a static to a reshaping brain, has been supported by the investigation of patients with low-grade glioma, a neurological tumor known to trigger processes of compensation and rescue of brain functions. However, it is currently unestablished whether this neuroplastic compensation may extend to higher-order cognitive functions, specifically those involved in self-consciousness. By using both anatomo-functional correlational methods based on lesions localization and structural disconnection approach, the purpose of this work was to assess the extent to which the neurosurgical resections of low-grade glioma affect metacognitive processes and personality traits. First, we showed that frontal lobectomies, both unilateral and bilateral, did not induce metaperceptive impairments despite the established role of the prefrontal cortex in metacognition. Likewise, our results suggest that massive surgical resections did not significantly affect personality traits. However, some of them such as positive schizotypy, and a few behavioral modifications, such as anosognosia, were found to be associated with the disruption of some white matter bundles
Brzenczek, Cyril. "Modélisation multi-facteurs pour l’aide à la décision dans le traitement par chimiothérapie des tumeurs cérébrales de type gliome diffus de bas grade." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0095.
Diffuse Low-Grade Glioma (DLGG) is defined by the WHO as a primary tumour of the central nervous system and represents 15% of all glial tumours combined. A DLGG grows slowly, and inevitably evolve into a much more aggressive (grade III) glioma, which eventually leads to the death of the patient. Three types of treatment are available: surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Today, the median survival rates reported in studies varies from 10 to 15 years. Unfortunately, the prognosis for DLGG is highly variable, with a high standard deviation of total survival, and some patients are surviving only a few years. Within the framework of DLGG management at Nancy University Hospital, chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatments and there are very variable responses in terms of intensity, duration and response profiles. The thesis work is located in this context. It concerns the study of the response to chemotherapy and consists in developing decision-making tools for the neuro-oncologist in the follow-up of patients. The first part of this thesis work therefore focuses on the choice of the volumetric method. The volume response curve can then be characterised in terms of response intensity. The second part of this work concerns response modelling using statistical learning techniques. Many explanatory variables (epidemiological, genetic) are under study. A new variable called ESVR, which is an original measure allowing us to quantify the infiltrating DLGG phenotype, will also be used. The factorial analysis and machine learning methods initially make possible to define the variables that provide the most information. Exploratory analyses of the data reveal a redundancy of information among certain genetic and epidemiological factors. The models show a greater influence of quantitative variables on the response to chemotherapy compared to qualitative variables. A discussion is finally produced on the importance of the variables used in the prediction of the response to chemotherapy. The aim of this thesis is to produce a set of rules which will enable clinicians to anticipate, before administering the treatment, its effect on tumour volume, which will allow a more advised choice of therapeutic strategy than possible nowadays
Aubert, Agnès. "Imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale et modélisation mathématique de la relation entre activité neuronale, métabolisme énergétique et hémodynamique : application à l'imagerie des gliomes de bas grade." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066353.
Aura, Karine. "Protocole d'évaluation du langage fondé sur le traitement de fonctions prosodiques : étude exploratoire de deux patients atteints de gliomes de bas grade en contexte péri-opératoire." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798667.
Craciunescu-Dascalescu, Cristina-Mihaela. "L'hybridation in situ fluorescente : outil de diagnostic, de suivi et d'étude de la progression tumorale dans les proliférations malignes diffuses plasmocytaires et lymphoïdes B de bas grade." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10141.
Luherne, Viviane. "Reconnaissance des visages et des voix émotionnels dans une population adulte avec gliome et après accident vasculaire cérébral." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080053/document.
Emotional domain was ignored for a long time, but today clinical neuropsychology acknowledges its overlapping with the cognitive domain and its importance in the follow-up of brain-damage patients, where difficulties in emotion recognition reduce the quality of interpersonal interactions and social cognition. The present thesis focuses on the recognition of five basic emotions (happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust) and of a neutral expression in two groups of patients with low-grade gliomas and post-stroke. The experimental protocol, which requires visual and auditory non-verbal processing, also includes a crossmodal condition. Three case studies of patients with gliomas allow us to refine our understanding of their emotional functioning. Our results show moderate visual and auditory difficulties in emotion recognition for both groups, with lower deficits in the glioma group than in the post-stroke group. These results confirm the relevance of a hodotopical view of the brain for emotional processes as in other cognitive domains. However, the behavioral benefit of crossmodal presentation observed in both groups is not sufficient to sustain normal results, which is likely to impact daily life. We highlight the necessity of evaluating emotion recognition as well as emotion experience in brain damage patients, in particular when they suffer from slowly infiltrating tumours
Moritz-Gasser, Sylvie. "Les bases neurales du traitement sémantique : un nouvel éclairage : études en électrostimulations cérébrales directes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T007/document.
Semantic processing is the mental process by which we access to meaning. Therefore, it takes a central place in language comprehension and production, but also in the whole human functioning, since it allows conceptualizing and giving a meaning to the world, by confronting it consciously with the knowledge we store over our experiences. If the neural bases of semantic processing are well known at the cortical level, thanks to numerous studies based particularly on functional neuroimaging data, the analysis of the subcortical connectivity underlying this processing received so far less attention. Nevertheless, the authors agree on the existence of a semantic ventral stream, parallel to a phonological dorsal stream.The present work mean to bring a new highlight on the knowledge of the neural bases of semantic processing at the level of the single word, in connection with the wider setting of non verbal semantic processing, by the study of semantic skills in patients presenting with WHO grade 2 glioma, and for which they undergo a surgery in awaken conditions, with cortico-subcortical intraoperative mapping. Thus, this work highlights the crucial role of the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, in this ventral semantic route, within a functional brain organization in parallel and distributed networks of cortical areas interconnected by white matter association fibers.it underlines also the interactive feature of cognitive functioning, and the significance of control mechanisms in language processing, as well as the measuring of mental chronometry when assessing it. These considerations lead us to propose a general hodotopical model of language anatomo-functional organization.The results presented in this work may thus have important clinical and scientific implications, regarding the comprehension of language brain functional organization, of its dysfunctioning, of functional reorganization mechanisms in case of brain lesion, and the elaboration of rehabilitation programs
Herbet, Guillaume. "Vers un modèle à double voie dynamique et hodotopique de l'organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle de la mentalisation : étude par cartographie cérébrale multimodale chez les patients porteurs d'un gliome diffus de bas-grade." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T004/document.
Understanding how the brain produces sophisticated behaviours strongly depends of our knowledge on its anatomical and functional organization. Until recently, it was believed that high-level cognition was merely the by-product of the neural activity of discrete and highly specialized cortical areas. Major findings obtained in the past decade from neuroimaging, particularly from the field of connectomics, prompt now researchers to revise drastically their conceptions about the links between brain structures and functions. The brain seems indeed organized in complex, highly distributed and plastic neurocognitive networks. This is in this state of mind that our work has been carried out. Its foremost ambition was to rethink actuals models of social cognition, especially mentalizing, through the behavioural study of patients harbouring a diffuse low-grade glioma. Because this rare neurological tumour induces major functional reorganization phenomena and migrates preferentially along axonal associative connectivity, it constitutes an excellent pathophysiological model for unmasking the core structures subserving complex cognitive systems. Anatomo-clinical correlations were conducted according to both a classical topological approach (region of interest analyses, voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, intraoperative cortical electrostimulation) and a hodological approach (degree of disconnection of associative white matter fasciculi, intraoperative axonal connectivity mapping). The main results of our different studies enable us to lay the foundation of a dynamic (plastic) and hodotopical (connectivity) dual-stream model of mentalizing. Specifically, a dorsal stream, interconnecting mirror frontoparietal areas via the perisylvian network (arcuate fasciculus and lateral superior longitudinal fasciculus), may subserve low-level perceptual processes required in rapid and pre-reflective identification of mental states; a cingulo-medial stream, interconnecting medial prefrontal and rostro-cingulated areas with medial posterior parietal areas via the cingulum, may subserve higher-level processes required in reflective mentalistic inferences. These original findings represents a great step in social neuroscience, have major implications in clinical practice, and opens new opportunities in understanding certain pathological conditions characterized by both mentalizing deficits and aberrant structural connectivity (e.g. autism spectrum disorders)
Magné, Joëlle. "Caractérisation d'un modèle de dysfonction endothéliale postprandiale chez le rat sain : Intérêt de la modulation de la nature des protéines en termes de prévention du risque cardiovasculaire." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005590.