Статті в журналах: "Infections à Blastocystis – épidémiologie"

1

Bertholom, Chantal. "Épidémiologie des infections." Option/Bio 29, no. 579-580 (May 2018): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(18)30109-0.

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Bertholom, Chantal. "Épidémiologie des infections fongiques." Option/Bio 29, no. 579-580 (May 2018): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(18)30112-0.

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3

Diarthini, Ni Luh Putu Eka, I. Kadek Swastika, Luh Ariwati, Rahmadany Isyaputri, Moh Yasin Fitri N, Sri Hidajati, and Sukmawati Basuki. "BLASTOCYSTIS AND OTHER INTESTINAL PARASITES INFECTIONS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DUKUH VILLAGE, KARANGASEM DISTRICT, BALI." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i3.7323.

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Blastocystis spp. is the most common enteric parasitic infection found in several community surveys from developing countries. Blastocystis infections may cause gastrointestinal symptoms, but also cause extraintestinal symptoms such as urticaria and joint pain. Blastocystis infection can also be asymptomatic or a carrier. However, the prevalence of Blastocystis infection in children has not yet been fully investigated in Indonesia, particularly in Bali Province. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis and other intestinal parasites in elementary school children stools in Dukuh village, Karangasem regency. A cross sectional study was conducted in September 2016. A total of 103 school children stools were collected by informed consent and parasites were examined by microscopy with wet mounts method using Lugol’s iodine solution. Thirty-five school children were infected with Blastocystis spp. (35/103, 34%) that consisted of a single infection (29/35, 82.9%) and mix infection with other parasites (6/35, 17.1%). The mix infections were Blastocystis spp. and hookworm infection (1/6, 16.7%), Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba coli (1/6, 16.7%), Blastocystis spp. and Giardia lamblia (2/6, 33.3%), Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar (1/6, 16.7%) and Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar and Giardia lamblia (1/6, 16.7%). The vacuolar forms of Blastocystis were dominantly found, in which was non-infectious form, whereas the infectious form is the cyst form and Blastocystis density was observed less than 5 cells per field of view at 400 magnification in all cases. This study concluded that the high prevalence of Blastocystis infection in elementary school children in Dukuh Village, Karangasem District, Bali that were dominantly single infections and several mix infections with other intestinal parasites. The high prevalence of Blastocystis infection in elementary school children suggested that it needs proper prevention measures for the children in this study area.

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Bertholom, Chantal. "Épidémiologie des infections sexuellement transmissibles." Option/Bio 27, no. 537-538 (January 2016): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(16)30050-2.

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Bertholom, Chantal. "Épidémiologie des infections à HPV." Option/Bio 29, no. 581-582 (June 2018): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(18)30254-x.

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6

Dromer, F. "Épidémiologie des infections fongiques nosocomiales." Réanimation Urgences 5, no. 4 (January 1996): 3s—6s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-6756(96)80168-x.

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Sultan, S. "Épidémiologie des infections sexuellement transmissibles." Côlon & Rectum 8, no. 2 (March 25, 2014): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11725-014-0517-7.

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8

Rudzińska, Monika, Beata Kowalewska, and Katarzyna Sikorska. "Laboratory diagnostics of Blastocystis infections – challenges and controversies." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 56, no. 1 (August 21, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3610.

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Blastocystis is a unicellular intestinal organism with undetermined pathogenicity, one of the most commonly detected in human stool samples around the world. Sometimes their presence may contribute to the development of blastocystosis manifested by gastrointestinal complaints such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, and nausea of varying severity with periods of exacerbation and remission. Due to the significant polymorphism (at least 4 morphological forms and a large range of sizes), and the delicate, easily degradable structure, recognition of Blastocystis in microscopic stool smears is difficult. They are easily overlooked or confused with other microorganisms present in the feces. There is a lack of a standardized procedure for the diagnostics of blastocystosis. In inter-laboratory comparative studies, Blastocystis is the most inconsistently detected intestinal eukaryote. The article discusses the difficulties in diagnosing blastocystosis, and the methods used to detect Blastocystis in terms of their usefulness in a medical diagnostic laboratory.

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Abarca, Nadia, Mónica Santín, Sheila Ortega, Jenny G. Maloney, Nadja S. George, Aleksey Molokin, Guillermo A. Cardona, et al. "Molecular Detection and Characterization of Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Cattle in Northern Spain." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8090191.

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Some enteric parasites causing zoonotic diseases in livestock have been poorly studied or even neglected. This is the case in stramenopile Blastocystis sp. and the microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Spain. This transversal molecular epidemiological survey aims to estimate the prevalence and molecular diversity of Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in cattle faecal samples (n = 336) in the province of Álava, Northern Spain. Initial detection of Blastocystis and E. bieneusi was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing of the small subunit (ssu) rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. Intra-host Blastocystis subtype diversity was further investigated by next generation amplicon sequencing (NGS) of the ssu rRNA gene in those samples that tested positive by conventional PCR. Amplicons compatible with Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi were observed in 32.1% (108/336, 95% CI: 27.2–37.4%) and 0.6% (2/336, 95% CI: 0.0–1.4%) of the cattle faecal samples examined, respectively. Sanger sequencing produced ambiguous/unreadable sequence data for most of the Blastocystis isolates sequenced. NGS allowed the identification of 10 Blastocystis subtypes including ST1, ST3, ST5, ST10, ST14, ST21, ST23, ST24, ST25, and ST26. All Blastocystis-positive isolates involved mixed infections of 2–8 STs in a total of 31 different combinations. The two E. bieneusi sequences were confirmed as potentially zoonotic genotype BEB4. Our data demonstrate that Blastocystis mixed subtype infections are extremely frequent in cattle in the study area. NGS was particularly suited to discern underrepresented subtypes or mixed subtype infections that were undetectable or unreadable by Sanger sequencing. The presence of zoonotic Blastocystis ST1, ST3, and ST5, and E. bieneusi BEB4 suggest cross-species transmission and a potential risk of human infection/colonization.

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Pietrzak-Makyła, Barbara, Krzysztof Korzeniewski, Paweł Gładysz, and Anna Lass. "Detection and Molecular Characterization of Blastocystis Species in Polish Soldiers Stationed in the Republic of Kosovo." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18 (September 14, 2023): 14100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814100.

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Blastocystis species (sp.) is one of the less well-understood water- and foodborne protozoa of medical and veterinary importance linked to different gastrointestinal disorders. Soldiers participating in military missions are particularly vulnerable to infection with this protozoa. The present study used molecular methods to detect, identify, and subtype (ST) Blastocystis sp. in Polish soldiers stationed in the Republic of Kosovo. Fecal samples were collected from 192 soldiers on arrival and after four months of stay. After DNA extraction, the barcoding region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene was amplified and sequenced. The DNA of Blastocystis sp. was detected in six (3.13%) and thirty (15.16%) samples in the first and second batch, respectively. Sequencing analysis revealed infections with ST 2, 3, 4, and 7. There was no statistical association between Blastocystis sp. infection and the parasite’s ST or the age or rank of soldiers. The results indicate that the visit to a new environment and prolonged stay in the area of military operation in Kosovo resulted in a significant increase in both Blastocystis sp. infections and ST diversity among surveyed soldiers. This shows the need to undertake appropriate countermeasures to reduce Blastocystis infections in the military environment abroad.

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11

Zierdt, Charles H. "Antibody Response to Blastocystis hominis Infections." Annals of Internal Medicine 118, no. 12 (June 15, 1993): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-12-199306150-00018.

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12

Chen, Shanyu, Wanyu Meng, Xianpeng Shi, Yijun Chai, Ziyao Zhou, Haifeng Liu, Zhijun Zhong, et al. "Occurrence, genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in Southwest China." Parasite 29 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2022037.

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Blastocystis sp. is a common anaerobic protist with controversial pathogenicity that can infect various animals and humans. However, there are no reports of Blastocystis sp. infections in forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). The present study was designed to examine the occurrence, subtype distribution and genetic characterization of Blastocystis sp. in forest musk deer in southwestern China, and to assess the potential for zoonotic transmission. A total of 504 fresh stool samples were collected from captive forest musk deer in four distinct areas of southwestern China. Overall, 14.7% of the forest musk deer (74/504) were found to be infected with Blastocystis sp. The highest occurrence of Blastocystis sp. was observed in Dujiangyan (27.5%), followed by Maerkang (23.3%). The occurrence of Blastocystis sp. was 7.9% and 4.1% in Shimian and Hanyuan, respectively. Significant differences in the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. among different areas were observed (p < 0.05), while we did not observe significant differences among animals of different age and sex (p > 0.05). Two known zoonotic subtypes (ST1 and ST5) and three animal-predominant subtypes (ST10, ST13, and ST14) were identified, of which ST10 was the most common (36/74, 48.6%). Our findings highlight that forest musk deer may be potential reservoirs of zoonotic human Blastocystis sp. infections.

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Scemla, Anne, and Victoria Manda. "Épidémiologie des infections en transplantation rénale." Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 15 (April 2019): S37—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2019.03.010.

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14

Bertrand, Xavier, Céline Slekovec, Pascal Cholley, and Daniel Talon. "Épidémiologie des infections à Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2011, no. 435 (September 2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(11)71100-5.

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15

Lepape, A. "Épidémiologie des infections à Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 22, no. 6 (June 2003): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(03)00169-2.

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Lachassinne, E., E. Letamendia-Richard, and J. Gaudelus. "Épidémiologie des infections nosocomiales en néonatalogie." Archives de Pédiatrie 11, no. 3 (March 2004): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2003.10.016.

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17

Aujard, Y. "Épidémiologie des infections néonatales bactériennes primitives." Archives de Pédiatrie 5 (January 1998): 200s—203s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(98)81293-1.

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18

Fahim, Shah Mohammad, Md Amran Gazi, Md Mehedi Hasan, Md Ashraful Alam, Subhasish Das, Mustafa Mahfuz, M. Masudur Rahman, Rashidul Haque, Shafiqul Alam Sarker, and Tahmeed Ahmed. "Infection with Blastocystis spp. and its association with enteric infections and environmental enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling malnourished adults in Bangladesh." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): e0009684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009684.

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Background Blastocystis spp. (Blastocystis) is a widely distributed gastrointestinal protist frequently reported in countries with tropical and sub-tropical climate. We sought to determine the factors associated with Blastocystis infection and investigate its role on biomarkers of intestinal health among slum-dwelling malnourished adults in Bangladesh. Methodology Total 524 malnourished adults with a body mass index ≤18.5 kg/m2 were included in this analysis. Presence of Blastocystis in feces was evaluated by TaqMan Array Card assays. Principal findings Blastocystis was tested positive in 78.6% of the participants. Prevalence of infection with atypical strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) (56% vs. 38%, p<0.001), and Trichuris trichiura (28% vs. 15%, p-value = 0.02) was significantly greater in adults with Blastocystis, while Giardia intestinalis was significantly lower (8% vs. 14%, p-value = 0.04) in Blastocystis positive adults. Malnourished adults who were living in households with high crowding index (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.11, 4.65; p-value = 0.03), and infected with aEPEC (aOR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.35, 3.44; p-value = 0.001) and Trichuris trichiura (aOR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.08, 3.77; p = 0.03) were more likely to be infected with Blastocystis. A significant negative relationship was observed between Blastocystis and fecal concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin (β = -0.1; 95% CI = -1.7, -0.1; p-value<0.001) and Reg1B (β = -3.6; 95% CI = -6.9, -3.0; p-value = 0.03). Conclusions The study findings suggest that the presence of Blastocystis in human intestine influences gut health and may have potential pathogenic role in presence of other pathogens.

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Deng, Ting, Juan Li, Xiaohua Li, Xiaobo Li, and Yiming Yan. "The effects of isolates and immune function on hematologic parameters of Blastocystis infection rats." Trends in Immunotherapy 5, no. 2.1 (October 6, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v5.i2.1.1365.

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Objective: To define a complex of changes in hematologic parameters associated with subtypes (ST) of Blastocystis sp. infections and the status of immune function in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and lay the foundation for Blastocystis hominis pathogenesis research. Methods: 5 isolates of ST1, ST3 and ST7 were used, including 1 isolate of ST1 from symptomatic patient, 2 isolates of ST3 and ST7 from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carrier separately. Immune compromise model was set up using dexamethasone (DEX) and infection models with 5 isolates of ST1, ST3 and ST7, and then examined the hematologic changes post infection 15 days using fully automatic hematology analyzer sysmex xe-2100. Results: The results showed that infections of Blastocystis STs leaded to the increase of platelet indexes including MPV and PDW except ST3 isolated from asymptomatic carrier only with PDW increase and the higher values of PLT in ST7 isolated from asymptomatic carrier compared with the controls in the immune competence status (P < 0.05). However, the infections of Blastocystis ST7 isolated from symptomatic patient gave rise to higher values of WBC, LYMP, EO, MCV and RDW-SD while lower values of NEU% compared with the controls in immune compromise status (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, higher values of WBC and LYMP and lower NEUT% values were observed in ST1 infections compared with the controls (P < 0.05); lower NEUT values in ST1 infections and controls compared with ST3 and ST7 respectively were observed (P < 0.05); the infection of ST3 isolated from symptomatic patient resulted in higher values of MCV and RDW-SD while the asymptomatic isolate of ST3 only had higher RDW-SD (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The virulence of Blastocystis sp. isolated from symptomatic patient is higher than that of the identical subtype one isolated from asymptomatic carrier. The infection of ST7 isolated from symptomatic patients may result in the most distinct hematologic changes among STs, and then followed by ST1 symptomatic isolate. And the severity of Blastocystis sp. infection may be mediated by the immune status of host.

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Özyurt, Mustafa, Özgür Kurt, Kåre Mølbak, Henrik Vedel Nielsen, Tuncer Haznedaroglu, and Christen Rune Stensvold. "Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis infections in Turkey." Parasitology International 57, no. 3 (September 2008): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2008.01.004.

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Baek, Sohyeong, Jenny G. Maloney, Aleksey Molokin, Nadja S. George, Jesús A. Cortés Vecino, and Monica Santin. "Diversity of Blastocystis Subtypes in Horses in Colombia and Identification of Two New Subtypes." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091693.

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Blastocystis is a common intestinal protist in humans and animals worldwide. Wild and domestic animals are thought to be reservoirs of Blastocystis subtypes that also infect humans. There are limited studies on the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in horses. In this study, 185 fecal samples were collected from horses (1 month to 17 years of age) in four regions of Colombia (Sabana de Bogotá, Costa Atlántica, Llanos Orientales, and Bogotá D.C.). Blastocystis presence and subtypes were determined by PCR and next generation amplicon sequencing. Eighty-one (43.8%) horses were positive for Blastocystis, with positive horses in all four regions. Molecular characterization identified 12 Blastocystis subtypes, 10 known subtypes (ST1, ST3–ST6, ST10, ST14, ST25, ST26), and 2 novel subtypes (ST33 and ST34). The validity of the novel subtypes was confirmed via phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses of the full-length SSU rRNA gene sequences. Mixed subtype infections were common (55.6% of Blastocystis-positive horses). ST10 was the most prevalent subtype, present in 82.8% of Blastocystis-positive horses. Potentially zoonotic subtypes were identified in 88.9% of the Blastocystis-positive horses. This constitutes the most comprehensive study of Blastocystis in horses. Our findings indicate that horses harbor potentially zoonotic subtypes and could contribute to the transmission of Blastocystis to humans.

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22

Zhang, Longxian, Luyang Wang, and Junqiang Li. "Molecular Epidemiology and Subtype Distributions of Blastocystis Sp. in Humans and Non-Human Primates." Global Journal Of Epidemiology and Public Health 6 (June 15, 2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2313-0946.2021.06.01.1.

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Blastocystis sp. is an intestinal protozoan that could infect human and many other non-human mammal hosts worldwide. It is estimated that there are currently more than one billion infections in humans, however the importance of public health is still remain controversy. In the recent years, various molecular epidemiological studies have been applied in the world to identify subtypes of Blastocystis sp., due to its remarkable genetic diversity. Blastocystis sp. isolates from humans and animals have been divided into 22 subtypes (STs) based on the phylogeny of small subunit rRNA genes (SSU rDNA). In this review, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and assessed the subtype distributions of Blastocystis sp. in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). These findings will update the epidemiology and subtype of Blastocystis sp., and it will help to understand the current subtypes and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp.

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23

Gulhan, Baris, Merve Aydin, Mehtap Demirkazik, Ismail Soner Koltas, Aytekin Cikman, Kultigin Turkmen, and Tugce Duran. "Subtype distribution and molecular characterization of Blastocystis from hemodialysis patients in Turkey." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 1448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12650.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the Blastocystis prevalence and subtypes in hemodialysis patients in Turkey. Methodology: Eighty-four patients diagnosed with end-stage renal failure who were undergoing hemodialysis and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Blastocystis presence was investigated by native-Lugol, trichrome staining, PCR using STS primers, and DNA sequencing analysis. Results: Among the stool samples from the hemodialysis patients, 9.52% (8/84) were found to be Blastocystis-positive with the native-Lugol and trichrome staining. Seven of the eight Blastocystis isolates were subtyped using STS primers. Blastocystis subtype distribution was as follows: one had ST1, two had ST2, two had ST3, two had ST3+ST6, and one was not subtyped. Blastocystis positivity was detected in two healthy control (2/20, %10), one subject had ST1, and the other was not subtyped. All subtypes identified by PCR were confirmed by the sequencing analysis. In the two samples that had mixed subtypes (ST3+ST6) when using the STS primers, only ST3 was detected in the sequencing analysis. Although some patients have multiple symptoms, the most common symptoms in Blastocystis positive patients were bloating (5/8), diarrhea (4/8), nausea and vomiting (2/8), and gas and weight loss (1/8). Also, only one patient had Giardia intestinalis. Conclusions: This was the first study to determine the Blastocystis subtypes in hemodialysis patients. A rare subtype, ST6, was identified in two of the patients. Thus, the ST6 infections were attributable to transmission from poultry infections. The presence of this unusual subtype suggests the need for further extensive studies of hemodialysis patients.

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Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta Izabela, Krzysztof Korzeniewski, Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Joanna Korycińska, Małgorzata Lepczyńska, Ewa Dzika, and Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec. "Blastocystis spp. and Other Intestinal Parasites in Polish Soldiers Deployed to Lebanon and Iraq." Pathogens 13, no. 3 (March 21, 2024): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030271.

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Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. A distinct group at increased risk of infection is military personnel deployed overseas for extended periods, typically six months at a time. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. and other intestinal parasites in Polish military personnel returning from deployments to Lebanon (n = 206) and Iraq (n = 220). In this group of subjects, we found Blastocystis spp. (13.6%), Dientamoeba fragilis (3.3%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%), and Endolimax nana (0.5%). Entamoeba histolytica sensu lato and Chilomastix mesnili infections were detected only in one soldier returning from Lebanon and Iraq, respectively. Blastocystis subtype (ST) 3 was predominant in soldiers returning from Lebanon, followed by ST2 and ST1. ST1 infection was predominant in soldiers returning from Iraq, followed by ST3 and ST2. Our study affirms that, deployment abroad is of no influence of the prevalence of parasitic protozoa. However, it would be worth to monitor parasite infection in military personnel returning from tropical zone even if they have no actual symptoms. In addition, it is very important to determine the subtypes of Blastocystis—this may help to clearly define their pathogenicity, especially considering the scarcity of studies on Blastocystis genotypes in Iraqi and Lebanese residents.

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25

Bertholom, Chantal. "Épidémiologie et diagnostic des infections fongiques invasives." Option/Bio 36, no. 699-700 (January 2025): 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(25)00020-0.

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Trémolières, F. "Épidémiologie microbienne des infections respiratoires basses actualités." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 36, no. 11-12 (November 2006): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2006.05.013.

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Bergogne-Bérézin, Eugénie. "Infections urinaires basses : épidémiologie bactérienne et recommandations." Progrès en Urologie - FMC 18, no. 1 (February 2008): F11—F14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1761-676x(08)71465-2.

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Bertholom, Chantal. "Épidémiologie des infections urinaires communautaires et nosocomiales." Option/Bio 27, no. 541-542 (April 2016): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0992-5945(16)30116-7.

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Hadrya, F., H. Hami, D. Ben Ali, S. Benlarabi, L. Aoued, A. Soulaymani, A. Khattabi, L. Ouammi, and R. Soulaymani Bencheikh. "P415 - Épidémiologie des toxi-infections alimentaires infantiles." Archives de Pédiatrie 17, no. 6 (June 2010): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(10)70809-5.

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Quinet, B. "Épidémiologie et surveillance des infections à légionnelles." Archives de Pédiatrie 12 (April 2005): S19—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(05)80005-3.

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31

Penalba, C., J. M. Galempoix, and P. Lanoux. "Épidémiologie des infections à hantavirus en France." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 31 (March 2001): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(01)80067-6.

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32

Beaucaire, G. "Épidémiologie des infections nosocomiales bactériennes en réanimation." La Revue de Médecine Interne 20 (January 1999): 546s—547s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(00)87556-6.

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33

Le Guevel, J. B., M. Michel, C. Le Du, O. Michel, F. Jego, and P. Jouanny. "Épidémiologie des infections nosocomiales en réadaptation gériatrique." La Revue de Médecine Interne 22 (June 2001): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(01)83528-1.

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Jarraud, S., G. Lina, F. Vandenesch, and J. Étienne. "Épidémiologie des infections toxémiques à staphylocoque doré." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 21, no. 5 (May 2002): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(02)00621-4.

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Le Coustumier, A. "Épidémiologie des infections humaines à Bordetella bronchiseptica." Archives de Pédiatrie 2, no. 12 (December 1995): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0929-693x(95)90068-e.

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Chaigneau, C., J. Orfila, A. Gommeaux, JM Sueur, and R. Feyt. "Épidémiologie des infections respiratoires à Chlamydia pneumoniae." La Revue de Médecine Interne 17 (January 1995): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0248-8663(96)86506-4.

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Srichaipon, Nittaya, Surang Nuchprayoon, Sarit Charuchaibovorn, Pattadon Sukkapan, and Vivornpun Sanprasert. "A Simple Genotyping Method for Rapid Differentiation of Blastocystis Subtypes and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Thailand." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010038.

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Blastocystis spp. is one of the most common protozoa of humans and animals worldwide. The genetic diversity of Blastocystis spp. might be associated with a wide range of symptoms. However, the prevalence of each subtype is different in each country. Until now, there is no standard method for subtyping of Blastocystis spp. We developed a sequential restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for the rapid differentiation of human Blastocystis subtypes. A large-scale study was also conducted to determine the subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Thailand. Stool samples were collected from 1025 school-age students in four regions of Thailand. Blastocystis infections were identified by direct smear, formalin ethyl-acetate concentration technique (FECT), Boeck and Drbohlav’s Locke-Egg-Serum (LES) medium culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA). Subtypes of Blastocystis spp. were determined by RFLP. Phylogenetic tree of partial SSU rDNA sequences of Blastocystis spp. was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. Out of 1025 students, 416 (40.6%) were positive for Blastocystis spp. Using two steps of RFLP reactions, we could determine subtype one–three among these students. Subtype 3 was the most common subtype (58.72%) in Thai students, followed by subtype 1 (31.2%), and subtype 2 (10.1%). Blastocystis subtype 3 was the most prevalent in all regions of Thailand. The subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Thailand was different from other countries.

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Falkowski, Piotr, Andrzej Gaweł, and Kamila Bobrek. "Prevalence of Blastocystis in Geese Reproductive Flocks." Animals 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030291.

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Blastocystis is a unicellular, anaerobic protozoan that has a low specificity for the hosts, and it could be a zoonosis. There are not many data about the occurrence of Blastocystis in bird species, and this study aimed to check the prevalence of Blastocystis infection in reproductive geese flocks. The result obtained showed that a parasite was present in 46.5% of tested flocks. The extensiveness of the Blastocystis invasion in reproductive geese flocks was low because the genetic material of parasites was found only in 7.48% of samples. There was no correlation between the infection and the bird’s age or the flock size. The data obtained showed that geese could be the source of infections in humans who have contact with carriers of the infection.

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Matovelle, Cristina, María Teresa Tejedor, Luis Vicente Monteagudo, Antonio Beltrán, and Joaquín Quílez. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Blastocystis sp. Infection in Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Spain: A Case-Control Study." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090226.

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Blastocystis sp. is known to be the most prevalent parasite in fecal samples of humans worldwide. In the present report, a case–control study (1:9.89 (≈10)) was performed, by analyzing data from 3682 patients who attended a public hospital in the northern area of Spain showing gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnosis was performed in human fecal samples by means of optical microscopy. The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was 9.18% (338/3682). Most of the Blastocystis sp.-infected patients tested negative for protozoa and helminths, and were underweight and foreign-born (26.4%), mainly from Africa and Central/South America. Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, anorexia, halitosis, plus relative eosinophilia, as well as co-infections with pathogenic bacteria were associated with Blastocystis sp. infection. Both type 2 diabetes and treatment with immunosuppressive medicines at the time of Blastocystis sp. detection were associated with a higher proportion of infected patients. This is the first case–control study of Blastocystis sp. in humans in northern Spain and may contribute to surveillance and intervention strategies by public health authorities.

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Ni, Qingyong, Shasha Dong, Yumai Fan, Wen Wan, Ping Teng, Shaobo Zhu, Xiaobi Liang, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis in Confined Slow Lorises, Macaques, and Gibbons." Animals 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212992.

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Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal anaerobic parasite infecting non-human primates and many other animals. This taxon threatens the health of NHPs due to its high genetic diversity, impeding efforts to improve confined management and subsequent conservation practices. This study collected 100 and 154 fecal samples from captive macaques, gibbons, and slow lorises in the summer and winter, respectively. The Blastocystis infection, its gene subtypes, and its zoonotic potential based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) were analyzed. The prevalence of Blastocystis in the three primate genera was 57.79% (89/154) in the summer (2021) and 29.00% (29/100) in the winter (2020). Four zoonotic subtypes—ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4—were identified. ST2 was the most prevalent subtype, suggesting that these animals may serve as reservoirs for pathogens of human Blastocystis infections. The macaques showed a more significant variation in Blastocystis infection between seasons than gibbons and slow lorises. The slow lorises in small cages and enclosure areas were potentially more infected by Blastocystis in the summer, indicating that inappropriate captive management may have detrimental effects on their health.

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Stenzel, D. J., and P. F. Boreham. "Blastocystis hominis revisited." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 4 (October 1996): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.563.

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Blastocystis hominis is a unicellular organism found commonly in the intestinal tract of humans and many other animals. Very little is known of the basic biology of the organism, and controversy surrounds its taxonomy and pathogenicity. There morphological forms (vacuolar, granular, and ameboid) have been recognized, but recent studies have revealed several additional forms (cyst, avacuolar, and multivacuolar). The biochemistry of the organism has not been studied to any extent, and organelles and structures of unknown function and composition are present in the cells. Several life cycles have been proposed but not experimentally validated. The form used for transmission has not been defined. Infections with the organism are worldwide and appear in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. Symptoms generally attributed to B. hominis infection are nonspecific, and the need for treatment is debated. If treatment appears warranted, metronidazole is suggested as the drug of choice, although failures of this drug in eradicating the organism have been reported. Infection is diagnosed by light microscopic examination of stained smears or wet mounts of fecal material. Most laboratories identify B. hominis by observing the vacuolar form, although morphological studies indicate that other forms, such as the cyst form and multivacuolar form, also should be sought for diagnosis.

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Gomes-Gonçalves, Sara, Ana Machado, Adriano Bordalo, and João R. Mesquita. "Anthropogenic Blastocystis from Drinking Well and Coastal Water in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)." Microorganisms 13, no. 3 (March 7, 2025): 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030620.

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This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of Blastocystis sp. contamination in the drinking well and coastal water sources in Guinea-Bissau, a region grappling with severe water quality challenges. Of the forty-five water samples analyzed (34 well and 9 coastal water sources), Blastocystis sp. was detected in five (11%, 95% CI: 3.71–24.05) of the wells, which serve as a critical and primary drinking source for local communities. The detection of human-associated Blastocystis sp. subtype (ST)2 and ST3 raises concerns about the potential of fecal contamination as a transmission route for Blastocystis sp., underscoring the public health risks associated with an inadequate WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) infrastructure. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved water management and further research on waterborne parasitic infections in resource-limited settings.

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Terveer, Elisabeth M., Tom van Gool, Rogier E. Ooijevaar, Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders, Eline Boeije-Koppenol, Josbert J. Keller, Aldert Bart, et al. "Human Transmission of Blastocystis by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Without Development of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Recipients." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 10 (November 15, 2019): 2630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1122.

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Abstract Background Patients with multiple recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI) are treated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), using feces provided by healthy donors. Blastocystis colonization of donors is considered an exclusion criterion, whereas its pathogenicity is still under debate. Methods The introduction of molecular screening for Blastocystis sp. at our stool bank identified 2 donors with prior negative microscopies but positive polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Potential transmission of Blastocystis sp. to patients was assessed on 16 fecal patient samples, pre- and post-FMT, by PCR and subtype (ST) analyses. In addition, clinical outcomes for the treatment of rCDI (n = 31), as well as the development of gastrointestinal symptoms, were assessed. Results There was 1 donor who carried Blastocystis ST1, and the other contained ST3. All patients tested negative for Blastocystis prior to FMT. With a median diagnosis at 20.5 days after FMT, 8 of 16 (50%) patients developed intestinal colonization with Blastocystis, with identical ST sequences as their respective donors. Blastocystis-containing fecal suspensions were used to treat 31 rCDI patients, with an FMT success rate of 84%. This success rate was not statistically different from patients transferred with Blastocystis sp.–negative donor feces (93%, 76/82). Patients transferred with Blastocystis sp.–positive donor feces did not report any significant differences in bowel complaints in the first week, after 3 weeks, or in the months following FMT. Conclusions We demonstrated the first transmission of Blastocystis ST1 and ST3 from donors to patients by FMT. This did not result in gastrointestinal symptomatology or have any significant effect on rCDI treatment outcomes.

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Ascuña-Durand, Kasandra, Renzo S. Salazar-Sánchez, Ricardo Castillo-Neyra, and Jorge Ballón-Echegaray. "Relative Frequency of Blastocystis Subtypes 1, 2, and 3 in Urban and Periurban Human Populations of Arequipa, Peru." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040178.

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Blastocystis is one of the most common protozoa found in the human gut and are genetically diverse and widely distributed around the world. Nonspecific and inconsistent symptoms have been associated with this protozoon; thus, its clinical importance remains controversial. Our aim was to estimate the relative frequency of Blastocystis subtypes 1, 2, and 3, which are the predominant subtypes reported in South America, based on conserved regions of SSU rDNA sequences and determine the factors associated with them. A total of 116 Blastocystis-positive stool samples were processed using conventional PCR with Blastocystis-specific primers. We identified subtype 1 (10.3%), subtype 2 (7.8%), subtype 3 (25.0%), and mixed subtype infections (8.7%). However, we could not identify any Blastocystis subtypes in 48.3% of the samples; therefore, it is likely that other subtypes were present in the area. No association was found between any gastrointestinal symptom and single or mixed Blastocystis subtypes. We found a statistically significant association between Blastocystis subtype 2 and irritable bowel syndrome (OR = 17.8, 95% CI = 1.5–408.4, p = 0.039); however, the number of samples with IBS was small (n= 4). There was no association between the Blastocystis subtypes and any epidemiological variable studied. In rural populations, we only identified subtype 1, while in urban and periurban populations, we identified subtypes 1, 2, and 3.

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Rudzińska, Monika, Beata Kowalewska, Beata Szostakowska, Maciej Grzybek, Katarzyna Sikorska, and Agnieszka Świątalska. "First Report on the Occurrence and Subtypes of Blastocystis in Pigs in Poland Using Sequence-Tagged-Site PCR and Barcode Region Sequencing." Pathogens 9, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070595.

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Blastocystis is an enteric microorganism commonly found in humans and animals worldwide. Its pathogenic role in humans and transmission patterns has not been fully explained. However, nine subtypes (ST1–8, ST12) are considered as potentially zoonotic. Studies from various regions of the world show that pigs are mainly infected with ST5. Although pigs are important farmed animals in Poland, the question of Blastocystis infection in these animals has not yet been investigated. Herein, 149 pig stool samples from 10 Polish pig farms were analyzed using sequence-tagged-site PCR and barcode region sequencing. The percentage of samples in which Blastocystis was identified using each method separately was similar: 38.25% and 37.58%, respectively. However, the percentage of positive results obtained by combining both methods was 46.97%, which means that, depending on the method used, the number of undetected samples varied between 8.72% and 9.39%. This shows the methodological limitations of up-to-date molecular approaches commonly used in Blastocystis research. A moderate infection rate (44.4–50%) observed in different pig age groups with a vital predominance of ST5 (94.28%) in every age group shows that pigs are a likely natural host of ST5. A small percentage of mixed infections, namely ST5/ST1 (5.26%), ST5/ST3 (1.75%), and ST3/ST1 (1.75%), was observed only in animals of older age, suggesting that ST3 and ST1 can be acquired by pigs during contact with humans. This study provides the first data on the prevalence and Blastocystis subtypes (STs) distribution in pigs in Poland. The results also highlight the need for the development of new methods capable of detecting highly genetically diverse Blastocystis isolates and mixed infections.

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Zhang, Shun-Xian, David Carmena, Cristina Ballesteros, Chun-Li Yang, Jia-Xu Chen, Yan-Hong Chu, Ying-Fang Yu, Xiu-Ping Wu, Li-Guang Tian, and Emmanuel Serrano. "Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Protist Infections in Hospital Inpatients in Southwestern China." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060684.

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Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. infections have been frequently reported as etiological agents for gastroenteritis, but also as common gut inhabitants in apparently healthy individuals. Between July 2016 and March 2017, stool samples (n = 507) were collected from randomly selected individuals (male/female ratio: 1.1, age range: 38–63 years) from two sentinel hospitals in Tengchong City Yunnan Province, China. Molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods were used to detect and genotype the investigated protist species. Carriage/infection rates were: Blastocystis sp. 9.5% (95% CI: 7.1–12.4%), G. duodenalis 2.2% (95% CI: 1.1–3.8%); and E. histolytica 2.0% (95% CI: 0.9–3.6%). Cryptosporidium spp. was not detected at all. Overall, 12.4% (95% CI: 9.7–15.6) of the participants harbored at least one enteric protist species. The most common coinfection was E. histolytica and Blastocystis sp. (1.0%; 95% CI: 0.3–2.2). Sequence analyses revealed that 90.9% (10/11) of the genotyped G. duodenalis isolates corresponded to the sub-assemblage AI. The remaining sequence (9.1%, 1/11) was identified as sub-assemblage BIV. Five different Blastocystis subtypes, including ST3 (43.7%, 21/48), ST1 (27.1%, 13/48), ST7 (18.8%, 9/48), ST4 (8.3%, 4/48), and ST2 (2.1%, 1/48) were identified. Statistical analyses confirmed that (i) the co-occurrence of protist infections was purely random, (ii) no associations were observed among the four protist species found, and (iii) neither their presence, individually or jointly, nor the patient’s age was predictors for developing clinical symptoms associated with these infections. Overall, these protist mono- or coinfections are asymptomatic and do not follow any pattern.

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Puthia, Manoj K., Selena W. S. Sio, Jia Lu, and Kevin S. W. Tan. "Blastocystis ratti Induces Contact-Independent Apoptosis, F-Actin Rearrangement, and Barrier Function Disruption in IEC-6 Cells." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 7 (July 2006): 4114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00328-06.

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ABSTRACT Blastocystis is an enteric protozoan purportedly associated with numerous clinical cases of diarrhea, flatulence, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite new knowledge of Blastocystis cell biology, genetic diversity, and epidemiology, its pathogenic potential remains controversial. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies either implicate or exonerate the parasite as a cause of intestinal disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic potential of Blastocystis by studying the interactions of Blastocystis ratti WR1, an isolate of zoonotic potential, with a nontransformed rat intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6. Here, we report that B. ratti WR1 induces apoptosis in IEC-6 cells in a contact-independent manner. Furthermore, we found that B. ratti WR1 rearranges F-actin distribution, decreases transepithelial resistance, and increases epithelial permeability in IEC-6 cell monolayers. In addition, we found that the effects of B. ratti on transepithelial electrical resistance and epithelial permeability were significantly abrogated by treatment with metronidazole, an antiprotozoal drug. Our results suggest for the first time that Blastocystis-induced apoptosis in host cells and altered epithelial barrier function might play an important role in the pathogenesis of Blastocystis infections and that metronidazole has therapeutic potential in alleviating symptoms associated with Blastocystis.

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Cui, Zhaohui, Xiyao Huang, Sulan Zhang, Kaifang Li, Aili Zhang, Qichen Li, Yutong Zhang, Junqiang Li, and Meng Qi. "Molecular characterization and subtype analysis of Blastocystis sp. in captive wildlife in Henan, China." Parasite 32 (2025): 11. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2025006.

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Blastocystis sp. is a zoonotic intestinal protozoan that is ubiquitous globally, residing in the gastrointestinal tracts of both humans and various animals. In the present study, a PCR-sequencing tool based on the SSU rRNA gene was employed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis spp. in 204 fresh fecal samples collected from 20 captive wildlife species from a bird park in Henan Province, Central China. Overall, Blastocystis was present in 13.73% (28 out of 204) of the samples and 25% (5 out of 20) of the species. A total of four zoonotic subtypes of Blastocystis sp. were found: ST1, ST3, ST5, and ST27, with the latter being the most prevalent, accounting for 35.71% (10 out of 28) of the 5 species positive for Blastocystis sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Blastocystis ST27 in birds in China, namely bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) and peafowl (Pavo muticus). The data suggest that captive wildlife, particularly those in bird parks, may frequently be infected with this zoonotic pathogen. Consequently, these animals may serve as potential reservoirs for zoonotic infections in humans.

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Roberts, Tamalee, John Ellis, John Harkness, Deborah Marriott, and Damien Stark. "Treatment failure in patients with chronic Blastocystis infection." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.065508-0.

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This article reports long-term infection and treatment failure in 18 symptomatic individuals infected with Blastocystis spp. Patients were initially treated with either metronidazole, iodoquinol or triple combination therapy consisting of nitazoxanide, furazolidone and secnidazole. Following treatment, resolution of clinical symptoms did not occur and follow-up testing revealed ongoing infection with the same subtype. Patients then underwent secondary treatment with a variety of antimicrobial agents but remained symptomatic with Blastocystis spp. still present in faeces. Sequencing of the SSU rDNA was completed on all isolates and four subtypes were identified in this group: ST1, ST3, ST4 and ST5. This study highlights the lack of efficacy of several commonly used antimicrobial regimens in the treatment of Blastocystis and the chronic nature of some infections. It also demonstrates the need for further research into treatment options for Blastocystis infection.

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Vezir, Sedat, Filiz Kaya, Emine Vezir, Nermin Karaosmanoğlu, and Ali Kudret Adiloğlu. "Evaluation of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria in a territory hospital in Turkey." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11552.

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Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) which develops without a known stimulation is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema or both for longer than six weeks. Infections, autoimmunity, food intolerance and internal parasitic infections are supposed to be underlying causes of CSU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal parasites in children and adult patients diagnosed as CSU, to determine the frequency of parasites in chronic urticaria, and to compare these patients with healthy demographic control groups. Methodology: Seventy six children and 38 adult patients with CSU were examined in terms of parasitic infections. The patients whom parasites were detected received anti-parasitic therapy and the improvements in CSU symptoms were evaluated. Stool samples were examined with direct microscopic examination (native-lugol), stool concentration and trichrome staining methods. Results: In pediatric patient group, 18.4% (n = 14) of the stool samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., 2.6% (n = 2), Dientamoeba fragilis and 1.3% (n = 1), Giardia duodenalis. In adult patient group, Blastocystis sp. was detected in 18.4% (n = 7) of the stool samples. Anti-parasitic therapy yielded substantial improvement in urticaria symptoms in 57.1% of pediatric and 60.0% of adult patients. Conclusions: Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis may play a role in chronic urticaria which seriously disrupts the patient's quality of life. Parasitic infections should not be neglected in patients with cutaneous manifestations.

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