Статті в журналах: "Industrial water supply Victoria"

1

Склярова, Е. К. "LIVERPOOL IN VICTORIAN DOMESTIC POLITICS." Британские исследования, no. VII(VII) (June 1, 2022): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.vii.vii.001.

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В статье рассматриваются особенности социального развития Ливерпуля в контексте его роли во внутренней политике Великобритании в эпоху королевы Виктории. Крупнейший город и порт Соединённого Королевства Великобритании и Ирландии одним из первых ощутил на себе все негативные последствия промышленного переворота, урбанизации и миграции населения. Как и многие другие города Великобритании, Ливерпуль фигурировал в прессе, медицинских, статистических и парламентских отчётах, как город подвалов, центр массовой миграции, трущоб, высокой смертности населения, отсутствия санитарно-технических норм и антисанитарии. Парламентские расследования и пресса указали на Ливерпуль, а также Вулверхемптон, Глазго, Дублин, Лидс, Лондон, Манчестер, Шеффилд, как города, где необходимо первоочередное проведение социальных реформ. В середине XIX в. в эпоху королевы Виктории Ливерпуль израсходовал значительные суммы денег на решение проблемы антисанитарии, уборки и мощения города, водоснабжения и освещения, жилищную реформу, организацию прачечных, общественных бань, библиотек, парков. Пионерами муниципализации и здравоохранения Ливерпуля стали — доктор Уильям Данкен, С. Хольм, Дж. Тинн. До введения общегосударственного Закона об обеспечении общественного здравоохранения 1848 г., Ливерпуль инициировал институт инспекции и санитарных врачей, жилищную реформу, систематическое вмешательство государства в решение социальных проблем. The article examines the features of Liverpool's social development in the context of its role in the domestic politics of Great Britain in the era of Queen Victoria. The largest city and port of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the first to feel all the negative consequences of the industrial revolution, urbanization and population migration. Like many other cities in the UK, Liverpool appeared in the press, medical, statistical and parliamentary reports as a city of basements, a center of mass migration, slums, high mortality, lack of sanitary standards and unsanitary conditions. Parliamentary investigations and the press have pointed to Liverpool, as well as WolverHampton, Glasgow, Dublin, Leeds, London, Manchester, Sheffield, as cities where social reforms are needed as a priority. In the middle of the XIX century in the era of Queen Victoria, Liverpool spent significant amounts of money on solving the problem of unsanitary conditions, cleaning and paving the city, water supply and lighting, housing reform, the organization of laundries, public baths, libraries, and parks. The pioneers of municipalization and health care in Liverpool were Dr. William Duncan, S. Holm, J. Thinn. Prior to the introduction of the National Public Health Law of 1848, Liverpool initiated the Institute of inspection and sanitary doctors, housing reform, and systematic state intervention in solving social problems.

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2

Harper, B. C. S. "The 1862 gold fields water supply scheme: Victoria, Australia." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage 163, no. 3 (August 2010): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ehah.2010.163.3.169.

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3

Lennon, Jane, and Katie Davis. "Cultural landscape protection at Lake Victoria, a managed water supply." Landscape Research 45, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2019.1626356.

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4

Paterson, John. "Water Management and Recreational Values; Some Cases in Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0021.

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The growing recognition of recreational and amenity demands on water systems introduces a multitude of issues, many of them complex, to the established tasks of water quality management and water management generally. Victorian case studies are presented. They (1) illustrate the range and diversity of situations that can arise in managing competition and enhancing compatibility between traditional water supply objectives and recreational demands. (2) Fluctuation of storage levels, essential to storage operations, detract from recreational value. Recreational and tourism demands upon Lake Hume have grown to threaten traditional operating flexibility. (3) Mokoan is another such instance, but with its supply function in a state of flux, Lake Mokoan provides more scope for a shift in the balance. (4) Salinity management has become an issue in the management of lakes and wetlands when water supply interests and environmental/recreation interests respectively have different perspectives on salt disposal. (5) Recreational use of town supply sources has long been a vexed issue, although marked shifts in the attitudues of many supply authorities have occurred in recent years. (6) Eutrophication of lakes and estuaries raises difficult issues of responsibility and scientific uncertainty, and the water management connection may be tenuous but will attract public attention. (7) The water body attributes valued by specialised recreational interests require definition in terms that water managers can deal with using routine techniques of systems analysis and evaluation. (8) The demands of the fish population and anglers introduce a new perspective in river management and perceptions of instream values are changing markedly. (9) Direct costs of recreational services supplied by water authorities are not fully accounted: allocation choices and fiscal incidence will emerge as issues of significance. (10) These case studies raise only a fraction of the total range of matters that will, in the years to come, tax the technology and political skills of governments and management.

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5

ARAMINI, J. J., C. STEPHEN, J. P. DUBEY, C. ENGELSTOFT, H. SCHWANTJE, and C. S. RIBBLE. "Potential contamination of drinking water with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts." Epidemiology and Infection 122, no. 2 (April 1999): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899002113.

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The world's first documented toxoplasmosis outbreak associated with a municipal water supply was recognized in 1995 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It was hypothesized that domestic cat (Felis catus) or cougar (Felis concolor) faeces contaminated a surface water reservoir with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. An extensive investigation of the Victoria watershed 1 year following the outbreak documented the presence of an endemic T. gondii cycle involving the animals inhabiting the area. Cats and cougars were observed throughout the watershed. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection was demonstrated among domestic cats living in the Victoria area. Cougars were found to shed T. gondii oocysts. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection in deer mice living in the riparian environments of the watershed suggested that T. gondii oocysts were being shed near the water edge. Contamination of Victoria's water supply with T. gondii oocysts potentially occurred during the study period and future waterborne toxoplasmosis outbreaks in this and other communities are possible.

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6

KIChIGIN, V. I., N. A. ATANOV, and N. E. ChISTYaKOV. "PRINCIPLES OF CIRCULATING AND ZERO DISCHARGE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2011): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.02.16.

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Lace of direct flow and complex multistage purification systems, it is suggested that local water supply be used, with ample opportunity to recycle waste into end product or secondary raw material, thus making it costeffective by minimizing material and energy expenditures. It is also argued that industrial wastewater recycling at local facilities (depending on process water requirements) ought to be based on a combination of mechanic and chemical purification methods: thin-layer setting, electroflotocoagulation, coalescent filtering, moving bed filtering, sorptions, membrane filtering (ultra-, nano- or hyperfiltering), ion exchange, pH-correction, CO2 neutralization etc.

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7

Charles, Stephen P., Francis H. S. Chiew, Nicholas J. Potter, Hongxing Zheng, Guobin Fu, and Lu Zhang. "Impact of downscaled rainfall biases on projected runoff changes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 2981–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2981-2020.

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Abstract. Realistic projections of changes to daily rainfall frequency and magnitude, at catchment scales, are required to assess the potential impacts of climate change on regional water supply. We show that quantile–quantile mapping (QQM) bias-corrected daily rainfall from dynamically downscaled WRF simulations of current climate produce biased hydrological simulations, in a case study for the state of Victoria, Australia (237 629 km2). While the QQM bias correction can remove bias in daily rainfall distributions at each 10 km × 10 km grid point across Victoria, the GR4J rainfall–runoff model underestimates runoff when driven with QQM bias-corrected daily rainfall. We compare simulated runoff differences using bias-corrected and empirically scaled rainfall for several key water supply catchments across Victoria and discuss the implications for confidence in the magnitude of projected changes for mid-century. Our results highlight the imperative for methods that can correct for temporal and spatial biases in dynamically downscaled daily rainfall if they are to be suitable for hydrological projection.

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8

Graymore, Michelle, Anne Wallis, and Kevin O'Toole. "Understanding drivers and barriers: the key to water use behaviour change." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.125.

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In southwest Victoria, like many other regions in Australia, drought, climate change and population growth have exposed gaps in water supply. To develop effective demand management strategies for rural and regional areas, this paper investigates the drivers and barriers to water saving in southwest Victoria. Although the majority of people felt water saving was important, the drivers for water saving differed between different groups. Residential users were saving water for altruistic reasons, while for farmers the drivers were farm viability and productivity. Although the barriers differed between property types, common barriers included lack of understanding of the impact their water use has on supplies, lack of knowledge, the pricing system and distrust of the water authority. The findings provide information for effective demand management strategies for the region.

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9

Bolan, Nanthi S. "Water Encyclopedia: Domestic, Municipal, and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal." Journal of Environmental Quality 37, no. 3 (May 2008): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0002br.

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10

Hurlimann, Anna C. "Water supply in regional Victoria Australia: A review of the water cartage industry and willingness to pay for recycled water." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53, no. 5 (March 2009): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.12.005.

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11

Kychkin, Alexei, and Vladislav Noskov. "Data research and visualization for industrial water supply systems." Energy-Safety and Energy-Economy 2 (April 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2017-2-41-45.

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12

Tojyo, Takuji. "Micro Hydraulic Generation Using Water Supply for Industrial Use." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 59, no. 5 (2005): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.59.627.

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13

Lloyd, William J., and Richard A. Marston. "MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY IN CIUDAD JUAREZ, MEXICO." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 21, no. 5 (October 1985): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00178.x.

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14

Aziz, E. A., S. N. Moni, and N. Yussof. "Blue Water Footrpint- Industrial Water Consumption Nexus: A Case of Water Supply for Industrial Activities in Semambu Water Treatment Plant." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1092, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1092/1/012045.

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15

Zhang, Shihao, Junhe Tan, Junhang Liu, Jiaqi Wang, and Ata Tara. "Suitability Prediction and Enhancement of Future Water Supply Systems in Barwon Region in Victoria, Australia." Land 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050621.

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Intensive agricultural production accompanied by the climate change impacts in post-Colonial rural landscapes have continuously increased the demand for water resources and coastal areas, showing an unprecedented water supply crisis. By taking extreme weather conditions and rainfall events for future trends, a resilient water storage facility for the landscape requires the collaborative approach of natural systems and simulation modelling techniques to develop sustainable future scenarios. In this study, an ecological suitability model is used to identify potential sites for the construction of multi-purpose dams. As part of the model structure, multi factors are classified using the patterns of changing landscapes, and then weighted overlay analysis is conducted on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. Compared to previous studies, this paper derives its principal impact parameters and projections based on historical land cover information. The suitability maps that are generated visually guide the geographical location of the multi-purpose dams and indicate the areas from highly suitable to least suitable, clarifying the possibility of building blue infrastructure alongside the waterways in west-central Barwon. The workflow proposes a resilient water system based on existing land characteristics and measures that future water storage capacity will be a valid increase of approximately 1.5 times. This strategy alleviates water scarcity during the dry season to benefit traditional agricultural activities. Digital calculations are utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of the experimental results, providing a methodology for regulating the distribution and supply of river flows throughout the year while retaining runoff in a hierarchical pattern at precipitation periods.

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16

Mosiichuk, Ya B., and P. D. Khoruzy. "Water Purification in Closed Water Supply Systems at Agro-Industrial Complex Enterprises." Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 41, no. 4 (July 2019): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063455x1904009x.

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17

Lavirko, Juriy, Eduard Akhmetov, Rimma Akhmetova, and Natalia Bikeeva. "Development of water saving technology for water supply system of industrial enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127408004.

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The object of the study is the water supply and sanitation system of an industrial enterprise. Currently, many enterprises do not use the treated industrial waste water in the water supply cycle. Therefore, the use of treated wastewater is of practical importance. The scheme of thermal treatment of waste water for obtaining pure condensate by evaporation is proposed. The main results of the study are the technical solution for the development of the enterprise's wastewater treatment complex. Pure condensate is obtained in an instant boiling evaporator. The research method is based on the calculation of energy costs in wastewater treatment for different types of waste water. The results of the study allow us to determine the optimal set of energy equipment for obtaining pure condensate and its further use. The specific practical significance lies in the development of a technical solution that helps the treatment of wastewater and the reduction of emissions into the water basin.

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Akhmetov, A. A., and R. V. Akhmetova. "Development of water saving technology for water supply system of industrial enterprises." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 134 (June 2016): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/134/1/012001.

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19

Campbell, Lachlan. "Wimmera River (Victoria, Australia) – Increasing Use of a Diminishing Resource." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0058.

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The Wimmera River is central western Victoria's most important river, rising in the Grampians National Park, filling storages that supply the major water supply to the vast Wimmera and Mallee regions. It passes through the Little Desert National Park, an area of significant scenic, recreation, historical and conservation value and terminates in Victoria's largest inland freshwater lakes (Lakes Hindmarsh and Albacutya). The brittleness of the whole closed Wimmera River system, and the over committal of the water resources was brought to the public's attention when appeals were lodged against the proposal to licence a discharge of high standard secondary effluent from an extended aeration oxidation ditch and lagoon treatment facility at Horsham. Residents, user and community groups, Municipal Councils and Government Departments, aware of the deterioration of the Wimmera River had somewhere to focus their attention. Victoria's and possibly Australia's longest environmental appeal, lasting twenty-five days, and a State Environment Protection Policy, determined that all major point sources of nutrients should be removed from the River. More resources for clearing of unwanted emergent weeds, more facilities for protection of Crown Land and catchments generally, and the implementation of environmental summer flows as piping of the Wimmera-Mallee Stock and Domestic System proceeds, are all required. A River Management Board with strength, wealth, good public relations and a dedication to the task could make the Wimmera River an example for all Australia and a tourist attraction of immense value to the region.

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20

Haddadin, Munther J. "Shadow water: quantification and significance for water strained countries." Water Policy 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.017.

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Shadow water, a term introduced to the water literature in this paper, is shown to be a crucial component of the supply side of the population–water resources equation in water-strained countries and helps keep this equation in a state of equilibrium. A virtual environment is imagined in order to compute the water demand for the country under consideration, enabling the subject country to produce all the commodities it needs. The water demand is thus calculated in a virtual plane and is transformed to the real plane in the calculation process. The demand for each of the three purposes considered (municipal, industrial and agricultural) is determined. The blue water equivalent of green water, responsible for the support of rain-fed agriculture and range land, is calculated and added to the other agricultural water resources of blue and grey water. The demand generated by the uses as determined in the virtual model is compared with the available supply. The gap between the supply of and the demand for production water (agricultural and industrial) is bridged by shadow water through commodity imports.

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Sene, Kevin, Helen Houghton Carr, and Wlodek Tych. "Reflections on almost a century of hydrological studies on Africa's largest lake." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 384 (November 16, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-141-2021.

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Abstract. Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and its outflows strongly influence flows in the White Nile, including the availability of water for hydropower generation, irrigation and water supply. Understanding the water balance is a major challenge since the lake is large enough to influence the local climate and its catchment spans several countries. Hydrometeorological monitoring networks are also sparse in some parts of the basin. In this paper, we consider the history of water balance estimates for the lake and how the science has developed as new information and techniques have become available, including in areas such as seasonal flow forecasting and estimating the potential impacts of dam operations and climate change. These findings are placed into a wider context including the challenges arising from a changing climate and evolving ideas from international research programmes, which lead to some suggestions for future research priorities for Lake Victoria and other sub-Saharan/Rift Valley lakes.

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22

McLean, R., and P. McManamon. "An innovative approach to small town water quality improvements." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0028.

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Innovative solutions are required to meet the conflicting criteria of service level, community need, community desire, cost and risk to the supply authority in the delivery of water quality improvements to small regional communities. Grampians Region Water Authority services 74 towns in North-Western Victoria, an area of generally low rainfall, sparse settlement and few natural waterways. Town populations range from 10 to 13,000, with 56 towns having less than 500 people. A Water Quality Improvement Plan was recently developed by Grampians Water to address these natural difficulties. The plan examined a broad range of alternatives beyond the single-pipe reticulated supply system, including dual-pipe reticulation, rainwater sources and household water treatment systems for achieving target quality levels. The key findings were:• regional treatment plants are not economical if towns are more than 25 km apart• salinity is a major influence on strategy• for low salinity supplies, conventional treatment is most economical• for marginal salinity supplies, a two stage process involving conventional treatment and desalination is appropriate• desalination provides a total solution for high salinity groundwater supplies• drinking quality can only be economically achieved in very small towns by using household treatment of rainwater in a dual supply system. The resultant strategies and implementation issues outlined reveal some significant variations to the conventional approach.

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23

Saifutdinov, K. Z. "Technology for closing water supply system at ?Omsknefteorgsintez? industrial association." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 25, no. 2 (February 1989): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00727150.

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24

Шилков, Vladimir SHilkov, Аникин, and Yu Anikin. "Safety of Water Supply Systems and Wastewater Treatment of Industrial Enterprises." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24153.

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In this article, the necessity of integrated approach to the analysis and solution of problems of safety of water supply and wastewater treatment are declared. The results of the study the main problems of the systems of production of water supply and wastewater treatment are described. Practical measures for solving problems are proposed. Pressing need of application of means of informatization, strategic risk analysis methods and innovative technologies of water treatment are declared. The basic principles of safe and effective critical systems of water supply and wastewater treatment in the sphere of production are proposed.

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25

Wang, Yu, and Siu-Kui Au. "Spatial distribution of water supply reliability and critical links of water supply to crucial water consumers under an earthquake." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 94, no. 2 (February 2009): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2008.06.012.

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26

Bhushan, Bharat. "Bioinspired water collection methods to supplement water supply." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2150 (June 10, 2019): 20190119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0119.

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Fresh water sustains human life and is vital for human health. Water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise. For some of the poorest countries, 1 in 10 people do not have access to safe and easily accessible water sources. Water consumption by man continues to grow with increasing population. Furthermore, population growth and unsafe industrial practices, as well as climate change, have put strain on ‘clean' water supply in many parts of the world, including the Americas. Current supply of fresh water needs to be supplemented to meet future needs. Living nature provides many lessons for water source. It has evolved species, which can survive in the most arid regions of the world by water collection from fog and condensation in the night. Before the collected water evaporates, species have mechanisms to transport water for storage or consumption. These species possess unique chemistry and structures on or within the body for collection and transport of water. In this paper, an overview of arid desert conditions and water collection from fog, and lessons from living nature for water collection are provided. Data on various bioinspired surfaces for water collection are also presented. Some bioinspired water purification approaches are presented. Next, consumer to military and emergency applications are discussed and water collection projections are presented. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.

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Li, Ma, Wei, and Zhang. "Urban Industrial Water Supply and Demand: System Dynamic Model and Simulation Based on Cobb–Douglas Function." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 5893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215893.

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In order to meet the needs of water-saving society development, the system dynamics method and the Cobb–Douglas (C–D) production function were combined to build a supply and demand model for urban industrial water use. In this model, the industrial water demand function is expressed as the sum of the general industrial water demand and the power industry water demand, the urban water supply function is expressed as the Cobb–Douglas production function, investment and labor input are used as the control variables, and the difference between supply and demand in various situations is simulated by adjusting their values. In addition, the system simulation is conducted for Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, with 16 sets of different, carefully designed investment and labor input combinations for exploring a most suitable combination of industrial water supply and demand in Suzhou. We divide the results of prediction into four categories: supply less than demand, supply equals demand, supply exceeds demand, and supply much larger than demand. The balance between supply and demand is a most suitable setting for Suzhou City to develop, and the next is the type in which the supply exceeds demand. The other two types cannot meet the development requirements. We concluded that it is easier to adjust the investment than to adjust the labor input when adjusting the control variables to change the industrial water supply. While drawing the ideal combination of investment and labor input, a reasonable range of investment and labor input is also provided: the scope of investment adjustment is , and the adjustment range of labor input is .

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Micklin, Philip P. "The Water Management Crisis in Soviet Central Asia." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 905 (January 1, 1991): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1991.105.

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Water is biologically essential to all life. Without an adequate supply plants and animals soon perish. But an abundant and assured supply of fresh water is also an economic and social necessity to modem industrial societies which withdraw prodigious amounts of it, chiefly for industrial, agricultural, and municipal purposes. Massive water withdrawals are particularly essential in arid regions where irrigation has been extensively developed. However, since irrigation is a major consumptive user of water (i.e., a large proportion of water withdrawn is not returned directly to the supply source), rivers and ground water suffer significant depletion with attendant ecological, economic, and social consequences.

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Nan, Yue Sheng, Jia Qin Zhou, Chang Qiang Li, Yi Bo Meng, Ying Wang, and Xue Jiao Chen. "Study the Countermeasures of Industrial Water’s Recycling in Shijiazhuang." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.15.

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Shijiazhuang is an important industrial city in China,and it is also one of the cities of extremely water scarcity. With the rapid development of econnomy, the water for industrial use is growing increasingly,which leads to a sharp contradictions between demand and supply of water resources. Based on the theory of recycling economy, recycling use of industrial water in Shijiazhuang is one of the best ways to relax the contradiction between the water supply and demand, and finally promote the sustained socioeconomic development.

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30

Atazadeh, Ehsan, Andrew Barton, and Jafar Razeghi. "Importance of environmental flows in the Wimmera catchment, Southeast Australia." Limnological Review 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0018.

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Abstract In this paper the environment, climate, vegetation, indigenous and European settlement history, stream flow patterns, water quality and water resources development in western Victoria, Australia are studied. The last part of the paper focuses on the MacKenzie River, a tributary of the Wimmera River located on the northern slopes of the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria, Australia. Water release along the MacKenzie River was regulated to improve water quality, stream condition and river health especially in the downstream reaches. The upstream section tends to receive water most days of the year due to releases to secure the requirements of water supply for the city of Horsham and its recreational and conservation values, which is diverted into Mt Zero Channel. Below this the middle and downstream sections receive a more intermittent supply. Annually, a total of 10,000 dam3 of water is released from Wartook Reservoir into the MacKenzie River. Of this volume, only about 4,000 dam3 was released explicitly for environmental purposes. The remaining 6,000 dam3 was released to meet consumptive demands and to transfer water to downstream reservoirs. The empirical data and models showed the lower reaches of the river to be in poor condition under low flows, but this condition improved under flows of 35 dam3 per day, as indicated. The results are presented to tailor discharge and duration of the river flows by amalgamation of consumptive and environmental flows to improve the condition of the stream, thereby supplementing the flows dedicated to environmental outcomes. Ultimately the findings can be used by management to configure consumptive flows that would enhance the ecological condition of the MacKenzie River.

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Shevchenko, O. L., E. I. Kondratyuk, and D. V. Charny. "BACK-UP GROUNDWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS — A NECESSARY SAFEGUARD FOR HUMANITARIAN DISASTERS IN CONDITIONS OF MILITARY AGGRESSION." Geological Journal, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2022.3.255733.

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Many cities in Ukraine use surface centralized water intakes, connected to a single energy network, which are often located at a considerable distance (30-45 km) from settlements (for example, Mykolaiv, Chernivtsi, etc.), which makes the water supply system extremely vulnerable to military aggression and sabotage. Given Russia’s constant claims to our independence, it is clear that a guaranteed supply of drinking water to the population is as important a factor in its security as a strong modern army. Considering the existing means of emergency water supply and water treatment (imported water, mobile treatment plants designed to prepare existing water sources, pumping stations, etc.) we can conclude that the most secure and sustainable source of drinking water is groundwater. For better protection and access to water, even during street fights, it is proposed to equip local well water intakes with autonomous power supply, designed for 2.0-3.5 thousand users, with compact installations for water purification and disinfection. The organization of such a network has at least five problematic components: 1 — resource - the availability of the required amount of water, 2 — quality - the availability of drinking water sources; 3 — safety - sufficiently high protection of the water source from external influences; primarily from qualitative and quantitative depletion and targeted sabotage; 4 — financial and economic; 5 — energy supply. Separate water supply and sewerage networks for drinking and technical water should be introduced. The drinking water supply system should be arranged in the form of a well-protected local water supply, and domestic and technical water supply should be left centralized. Flow rates of drinking water intakes should be calculated based on human needs for drinking water per day: 1.5-2.0 dm3 for drinking plus 4-5 dm3 for cooking. It is proposed to use renewable energy sources for autonomous energy supply of boreholes. The experience of the Russian-Ukrainian war shows that all other options for drinking water supply to the population in conditions of military aggression are less protected, are unstable or temporary and have significant shortcomings.

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Kochetov, L. M., and M. P. Tyurin. "Calculation of small water cooling towers for recirculating water supply systems in industrial enterprises." Fibre Chemistry 29, no. 2 (March 1997): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02430709.

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Kos, Zorko. "Conjunctive use of water for irrigation, municipal and industrial water supply in Istra, Yugoslavia." Agricultural Water Management 13, no. 2-4 (June 1988): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(88)90155-2.

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Kim, Jungmin, Jinhyeog Park, and Heongak Kwon. "Assessment of Termination Criteria at Each Drought Response Stage on Climate Change in a Multi-Purpose Dam." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 5801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125801.

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In this study, the termination criteria at each drought response stage were shown to increase storage volume while maintaining the stability of the water supply service during drought in multi-purpose dams. For 52 of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5/8.5 scenarios of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) fifth assessment report (AR5), dam inflows were calculated through the precipitation-runoff modeling system (PRMS), and time reliability and supply reliability were estimated. Moreover, given the application of termination criteria at each drought response stage, the volume of additional water supply was calculated, while the number of days for additional supply availability of water for residential and industrial use and water for residential, industrial, and agricultural use and river maintenance was quantified as well. The CMCC-CMS(RCP4.5) GCM exhibited the largest volume of additional water supply at 74.15 million m3, which corresponds to 52.0 days of water for residential and industrial use and to 47.7 days of water for residential, industrial, and agricultural use and river maintenance. The analysis revealed that the volume and the number of days of additional water supply also increased for other GCMs due to the application of termination criteria at each drought response stage.

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Vardon, Michael, Heather Keith, and David Lindenmayer. "Accounting and valuing the ecosystem services related to water supply in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia." Ecosystem Services 39 (October 2019): 101004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.101004.

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Zhou, Wenjin, Kashif Iqbal, Xiaoming Lv, and Chun Deng. "Optimal Design and Operation of Multi-Period Water Supply Network with Multiple Water Sources." Processes 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122143.

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A water supply network is an essential part of industrial and urban water systems. The water intake in a conventional water supply network varies periodically over time, depending on the amount of available water resources and the demand at water sinks or water-using units. This paper establishes a super-structural mathematical model for the optimal design and operation of a multi-period water supply network with multiple water sources. It considers the flow rate fluctuation of raw water availability and the demand of water sinks during different periods. The influence of multi-period demand variation on technology and the capacity selection of desalination water stations is examined, which affects the overall cost of the water supply network. The operating cost penalty factor is introduced, which quantitatively clarifies how the network operating status influences the operating costs. The comparison results of three scenarios considering with and without multi-period variation of water demand verify the validity of the proposed model, i.e., for a municipal water price of 4 CNY·t−1 and penalty factor of 0.3, one reverse osmosis desalination unit of capacity 800 t·h−1 is selected. However, in the multi-period case, two reverse osmosis desalination units with capacities of 500 t·h−1 and 300 t·h−1 are selected. In both cases, the operating costs are different because of the different operating status of the network. The work can guide the design and operation of industrial and urban water supply networks.

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Mosiichuk, Y. B., P. D. Khoruzhyi, and I. P. Nedahkovskiy. "Improving the technology of closed water supply at agro-industrial enterprises." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202002-253.

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The article analyzes the ways to improve the water supply system at agro-industrial enterprises. It is stated that the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of NAAS proposed to improve closed water supply systems at these enterprises to spend water and energy rationally and economically by developing highly efficient wastewater treatment technology to reuse wastewater and its sediments for technological needs. During the work, the main tasks to be solved were the analysis of the reasons of unsatisfactory operation of traditional wastewater treatment plants and their current quality indicators and improvement of the rational technological scheme of closed water supply at the agro-industrial enterprises. Scientific and practical results were obtained by analyzing the operation of wastewater treatment plants of industrial enterprises dealing with agricultural products processing, their quality indicators and known methods of improving technological schemes of biological wastewater treatment. It was specified that traditional technology of biological wastewater treatment do not ensure the proper treatment quality, as the quality of wastewater from enterprises has significantly deteriorated due to the inflow of harmful impurities (xenobiotics, heavy metal ions, etc.) and high concentrations of organic matter, the content of which amount to: suspended solids> 1000 mg/dm3, COC> 10000 mgO2/dm3, BOC5> 6000 mgO2/dm3, BOCcomplete> 2000 mgO2/dm3, nitrogen and phosphorus ≤50 mg/dm3, which prevents the effective operation of aeration tanks. The practicability of improving the "bioconveyor" technology by downward filtration through fibrous loading in bioreactors and upward filtration through floating filter loading in contact and clarifying filters to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment was scientifically substantiated. It was proved that this method provides high efficiency of biological wastewater treatment by reducing the amount of sediment and the absence of reverse activated sludge, and thus reducing capital and operating costs. Natural mechanisms of household sewage treatment with reuse of water and sediments when cultivating agricultural crops are used as much as possible are used in the specified system of water supply at agro-industrial enterprises. The optimal design and technological parameters of these structures are determined using the recommendations developed on the basis of our experimental research. The proposed technology of closed water supply at agro-industrial enterprises provides for the separation of water supplied to consumers into technical and drinking one, as well as supplements of sewage treatment plants with bioreactors and contact-clarifying filters. Such systems ensure a minimum intake of water from natural water sources having its preliminary treatment directly in water reservoir, maximum use of treated wastewater and protection of the environment against wastewater pollution.

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Maksimenko, V. A., V. A. Chernyshev, and A. Zh Shirazhiyev. "Using thermostabilizers in industrial refrigeration units with circulating water supply system." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Aviation-Rocket and Power Engineering 2, no. 2 (2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2588-0373-2018-2-2-32-39.

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39

Kiurchev, V., S. Movchan, О. Berezhetsky, O. Andrianov, and V. Shelkunov. "INDUSTRIAL TESTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WATER TREATMENT DEVICE IN RETURN HEAT SUPPLY." Scientific bulletin of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University 10 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2220-8674-2020-2-1.

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Cousins, Joshua J., and Joshua P. Newell. "A political–industrial ecology of water supply infrastructure for Los Angeles." Geoforum 58 (January 2015): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.10.011.

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O'Leary, G. J., and D. J. Connor. "A simulation study of wheat crop response to water supply, nitrogen nutrition, stubble retention, and tillage." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 1 (1998): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97020.

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A series of simulations was made with a fallow{wheat crop simulation model to examine the effects of stubble retention and tillage on yield for 2 semi-arid environments in north-western Victoria over a 100-200-year period. The fallow treatments comprised 4 combinations of stubble management and tillage in 18-month-long fallows of a fallow{wheat rotation. The 2 sites are representative of the major soil types of the region: a chromic vertisol at Dooen and a calcic xerosol at Walpeup. Stubble retention had the greatest effect on yield, providing a median increase of 0·8 and 0·6 t/ha at Dooen and Walpeup, respectively. Zero tillage had an importantbut small advantage in the presence of stubble at Dooen (0·2 t/ha) and no significant advantage under any system at Walpeup. Yield response was primarily caused through increased fallow-stored water of approximately 89 and 25 mm at Dooen and Walpeup, respectively. The accumulation of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) at sowing in fallows did not show the same treatment differences as with water or yield. There was a significant interaction between soil type and fallow method. At Dooen, stubble depressed SMN by about 24 kg N/ha (163{185 kg N/ha) below those without stubble (188-207 kg N/ha). Tillage reduced SMN with or without stubble by about 20 kg N/ha. At Walpeup, on the other hand, the highest SMN was associated with tillage and was enhanced by stubble, but the differences were small (<10 kg N/ha). Nitrogen fertiliser produced a small increase in yield (median 0·2 t/ha) at Dooen, increasing to about 0·4 t/ha in wetter years when stubble was retained and fallows were maintained with zero tillage. Over a 100-year period, nitrogen fertiliser reduced the rate of yield decline. The use of nitrogen fertiliser with stubble retention and zero tillage offers an opportunity for arresting declining yield and quality in intensive cropping systems in the Wimmera region of Victoria.

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Pham, Tuan Thanh, Dung Thanh Mai, Khai Manh Nguyen, Linh Thuy Nguyen, Dung Nhu Nguyen, and Thuy Thi Pham. "Water mass balance to assess the demand for water and wastewater generated by trading groups in industrial zones." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 1, no. M1 (June 30, 2017): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v1im1.437.

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The development of Industrial Zones in Vietnam will put pressure on water resources at local as well as national scale, due to the large amounts of water consumed and discharged to environment. This study, via water mass balance, provides analyses and assessments on water demand and wastewater generated in each trading groups (industrial sectors) of the Long Thanh Industrial Zone and the Nhon Trach III Industrial Zone phase 2, Dong Nai – the province with the most industrial zones in Vietnam. According to the water mass balance calculation results, the water demand of industrial sectors depends on their manufacturing characteristics. Of which, Textile and Garment are the sectors with the highest demand, as well as highest water loss rate and highest amount of wateswater dischared. Meanwhile, Electronic and Construction Materials cosume the least amount of water. Machinery sector has the lowest amount of water loss. The wastewater/supply water ratio of the Long Thanh Industrial Zone is always 1,1 (for Textile) to 1,5 (for Machinery) times higher than the Nhon Trach III Industrial Zone phase 2, while the wastewater/supply water ratio of the Nhon Trach III Industrial Zone phase 2 is always less than 80%.

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Gwozdziej-Mazur, Joanna, and Kamil Świętochowski. "Analysis of the water meter management of the urban-rural water supply system." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400051.

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Water losses in the water supply network pose a continuous challenge for water companies. Already during designing new networks, the designer assumes that the amount of water demand must be increased by a certain percentage (usually by 10% of the total average daily water demand for municipal and industrial purposes) due to the possible occurrence of water losses. Water loss is meant the difference between the amount of water injected into the network and the amount of water used and invoiced, i.e. that brings income for the water supply company. Proper water metering management helps to limit water losses. This paper presents analysis of the water meter management of urban-rural water supply system.

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44

Chessman, BC. "Artificial-substratum periphyton and water quality in the lower La Trobe River, Victoria." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 6 (1985): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850855.

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Between February 1975 and March 1977, periphyton from artificial substrata (glass microscope slides) and water samples for physicochemical analysis were obtained from eight sites on the lowland section of the La Trobe River, which flows through agricultural, urban and industrial areas. Total organic matter on the slides, estimated as weight loss on ignition, was usually highest in summer or autumn when river flows were low. However, chlorophyll a densities generally peaked in late winter and spring when nitrate concentrations were high, except at a site upstream of major urban and industrial areas, where a summer-autumn increase occurred. Thermal discharges from major power stations had no obvious effect on chlorophyll abundance, but did appear to substantially influence diatom assemblage composition from late summer to early winter, when river temperatures were highest. Downstream of the Morwell River confluence, diatom assemblages were influenced by a sharp increase in dissolved solids concentration and probably also by the grazing activities of snails (Ferrissia petterdi and Physastra gibbosa). The diatom flora at the most downstream site showed some evidence of recovery from thermal effects.

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45

Rak, Janusz, and Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik. "Diversification of Water Network Tanks Volume." Applied Mechanics and Materials 811 (November 2015): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.811.395.

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Diversification of the water volume has a particularly positive role in crisis situations related to water supply in urban and industrial areas. The function of water supply tanks is to compensate water supply for a settlement unit in a daily cycle, stabilizing the pressure in the supply area. In crisis situations, tanks capacity is used for the purposes of fire. A new function is the use of stored water as an emergency source of water supply during failure. Water supply network tanks act as reserves for various types of undesirable events. The previous methods of analysis and risk assessment in water supply systems did not include directly the assessment of volume diversification in a given number of water supply network tanks. For this purpose the Shannon-Wiener index, as well as the author’s index, based on the polynomial function, were proposed. These indices enable to perform an objective assessment of the water volume diversification degree and comparing the various subsystems of collecting water on the example of seven water supply system in the south of Poland. Perspectives for the development of research direction, that is safety management, is a challenge for both theoreticians and practitioners working in the water supply companies.

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Yatskovskaya, Ekaterina, Jagjit Singh Srai, and Mukesh Kumar. "Local water stress impacts on global supply chains." Journal of Advances in Management Research 13, no. 3 (November 7, 2016): 368–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-10-2015-0068.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel resource availability assessment for supply chain (SC) configuration. This approach involves understanding both local resource availability and the demand-side implications of supplying global/regional markets as part of a more holistic SC design activity that incorporates local environmental factors. Design/methodology/approach The proposed framework was derived from literature analysis, bridging relevant literature domains – natural capital theory, industrial ecology and SC configuration – in order to develop design rules for future resource-constrained industrial systems. In order to test the proposed framework, an exploratory case study, based on secondary data, was conducted. Findings Research findings suggest that this approach might better identify relationships and vulnerabilities between natural resource availability and the viability of regional/global SCs. The research suggests that natural resource availability depends upon three elements – local resource consumption, global resource demand and external environmental factors. Research limitations/implications The framework has two main limitations. The current work is focussed on a single industry case study used to exemplify the approach. Second, the framework does not consider other possible industries, which might enter or leave the specific location during the company’s operation. Furthermore, no assessment was made of the migration of populations within the area. Practical implications For practitioners, such as those in the agri-food sector, the resource availability assessment framework informs SC configuration design. For policymakers, the research aims to provide policy guidelines, which can help to improve water-saving strategies for a particular region. At a broader societal level, the research raises awareness of resource scarcity amongst industrial players and the wider public. Originality/value A resource availability assessment framework has been proposed, suggesting that the dynamics of both global and local resource demand, in conjunction with changing local environmental factors, can over time significantly deteriorate a firm’s natural resource impact on the local environment. Thus, the framework seeks to deliver mechanisms to evaluate potential vulnerabilities and solutions available to firms using a more proactive SC design method and to apply reconfiguration processes that account for natural resources, based primarily on network and resource attributes.

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Trubetskaya, Anna, William Horan, Paul Conheady, Ken Stockil, and Sean Moore. "A Methodology for Industrial Water Footprint Assessment Using Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020393.

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Recent national government policy in Ireland proposes a radical transformation of the energy sector and a large reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. Water and energy form the water–energy nexus, with water being an essential component in energy production. However, the connection between the production of energy and water is rarely made. In particular, the end-user processes are generally excluded because they occur outside the water industry. The present study includes two simple approaches for industrial sites to calculate their carbon footprint in the water sector. The assessment of the milk powder manufacturing using both approaches indicates that the combined emission factor of the water supply and treatment is approximately 1.28 kg CO2 m−3 of water. The dairy production among steel, textile, and paper industries appears to be the most carbon-emitting industry. However, the results show that the carbon intensity of the water supply and treatment can be minimized by the integration of renewable energy sources for the onsite heat/steam and electricity generation. The uniqueness of our approaches compared to calculations illustrated by the ecoinvent and other governmental databases is its simplicity and a focus on the main energy consuming manufacturing steps in the entire industrial process. We believe that the management of water and energy resources will be more efficient when “active water citizens” raise environmental awareness through promoting measures regarding data monitoring and collection, observed leaks and damages, dissimilation and exchange of information on sustainable water stewardship to public and various industrial stakeholders.

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Sarosa, M., R. I. Hapsari, D. Moentamaria, S. Adhisuwignjo, R. I. Putri, H. P. Buwono, E. Rohadi, and S. Wibowo. "Evaluation of water supply alternatives for mineral water teaching factory." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012018.

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Abstract The teaching factory (TEFA) in State Polytechnic of Malang (Polinema) attempts to address the replication of the real industrial process inside the traditional educational setting. In Polinema, the TEFA deals with the bottled mineral drinking water, and its supply chain starts from the water purifying until the marketing. A key aspect of achieving an economically and technically feasible production is the selection of wellspring as the source of raw material. The potential water sources are located at Wringinsongo, Ampeldento, Prigen, and Ngijo in Malang area. A decision support system is required to select the suitable source by integrating weighted tangible and intangible criteria, namely water quality, distance, and willingness to pay. Multicriteria decision-making by analytical hierarchy process is applied to assign criteria weight and select the source. The results demonstrate that Ngijo wellspring is recommended, followed by Wringinsongo, Ampeldento, and Prigen according to the performance value. The system could serve as a tool for the selection, instead of intuitive judgment with a better compromise for improving the TEFA productivity.

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Huang, Yen-Chen, Chien-Ming Lee, and Yue-Rong Hong. "Water Supply Portfolio Planning and Policy Evaluation under Climate Change: A Case Study of Central Taiwan." Water 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040567.

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The present study examines the optimal water supply portfolio under the impact of climate change constructed by the authors previously. It incorporates feasibility planning for water supply projects, assesses a feasible water supply portfolio for central Taiwan, and uses the shadow price method to assess the rationality of the compensation policy for transferring agricultural water to ensure water supply security for the industrial sector. The study finds that Changhua and Yunlin have the highest per-unit costs of raw water, and the Nantou region has the highest carbon emission coefficient (carbon footprint) per unit of water produced. The cumulative value (2021–2031) of the water resources policy to reallocate agricultural water to achieve water supply security is about TWD 15.904–31.13 billion. The shadow price of industrial water is about TWD 40.18/cubic meter. Therefore, a compensation price for agricultural water transfer of less than TWD 40.18/cubic meter represents a rational policy.

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Foellmi, Reto, and Urs Meister. "Enhancing the Efficiency of Water Supply—Product Market Competition Versus Trade." Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 12, no. 3 (April 27, 2011): 299–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10842-011-0100-y.

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