Дисертації з теми "Industrial risk prevention policy"
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1
Tannous, Scarlett. "An integrated framework to assess the “effectiveness” of risk-related public policies for high-risk chemical and petrochemical sites : A comparative study in France and Australia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222023UPSLD034%22.
Анотація:
Les sites industriels à haut risque (ex. Seveso Seuil Haut (SH) ou installations classées à risques majeurs (MHF)) sont classées par des législations et des réglementations comme les sites les plus dangereux. En d’autres termes, en cas d’accident majeur, les dommages peuvent être importants même si c’est rare d’avoir un tel accident. Les politiques de prévention des risques et de gestion de crise sont un moyen de les prévenir tout en maintenant la vitalité économique du secteur industriel. Ces compromis constituent un défi majeur pour les gouvernements et les différents acteurs publics, qui ont pour rôle principal de protéger leurs citoyens et d’améliorer leur bien-être social en prenant des décisions politiques et en développant des politiques “effective” de prévention des risques de gestion de crise. Mais comment peut-on évaluer cette “effectivité” et que signifie-t-elle ? Certes, en fin de compte, une politique de prévention des risques doit réduire les risques et prévenir les accidents (ex., efficacité), mais quels sont les aspects qui conditionnent cette performativité ? Certaines réponses à ces questions pluridisciplinaires peuvent être trouvées dans les différents axes de recherche de l’administration publique, des sciences de la décision, du risque, de la sécurité et de la recherche réglementaire. En ce qui concerne les politiques publiques, les études soulignent les lacunes liées (i) au rôle d’une gouvernance effective des risques et (ii) au rôle crucial lié à la performativité de l’inspection, de la supervision ou du suivi, qui est souvent négligé en dépit de son importance. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de répondre, par une approche ascendante, à la question de recherche suivante : Comment le “système de politique de prévention des risques” autour des sites industriels à haut risque peut-il être évalué pour un processus de décision effective en prenant en considération les niveaux territoriaux tels que le niveau Régional pour la France et le niveau de l’État pour l’Australie ?Basée sur des approches qualitatives, cette thèse vise à proposer un cadre d’évaluation multicritère servant à la réflexion conceptuelle et au cadrage des problèmes pour l’évaluation de la politique des risques. Elle suggère d’adopté la complexité d’un système de politique publique de prévention et de gestion des risques qui combine (i) un système organisationnel et de gouvernance ; et (ii) un système réglementaire ou normatif ; et (iii) un système d’outils/instruments pratiques. Le cadre d’évaluation est ensuite testé et enrichi à travers deux études de cas qualitatives dans la Région de Normandie (France) et dans l’État de Victoria (Australie), deux divisions administratives où il existe un nombre important de sites à haut risque. Les principales contributions comprennent (i) un cadre d’évaluation de plus de dix critères associés à des questions pratiques adaptées aux contextes des sites industriels à haut risque. Ils incluent des conditions de légitimité et de validité telles que l’efficacité, la transparence, etc. ; et (ii) deux évaluations descriptives approfondies des systèmes Normand et Victorien permettant de déduire certaines des principales variabilités dans l’effectivité de leurs deux systèmes. Certaines limites concernent la généralisation, le champ d’application et la représentativité sont discutés. Les travaux futurs pousseront à tester et enrichir ce cadre sur d’autres cas, à explorer les sites qui se trouvent aux frontières législatives et réglementaires, à examiner les interrelations et les dépendances entre les critères et à explorer les méthodes d’agrégation qui servirait à la formalisation de ce cadreHigh-risk industrial sites (e.g., Seveso Upper Tier (UT) and Major Hazard Facilities (MHF)) are classified by legislation and regulations as the most dangerous sites. In other words, in case of a major accident, damage can be significant even if it is supposed to occur rarely. Risk prevention and crisis management policies are one way to prevent that while sustaining the economic vitality of the industrial sector. These trade-offs constitute a major challenge for governments and public actors, who have a primary role in protecting their citizens and improving their social well-being by taking political decisions and developing “effective” risk prevention and crisis management policies.How can we assess such policy “effectiveness” and what does it mean? Ultimately, a risk policy must reduce risks and prevent major accidents (e.g., efficacy), but what other aspects condition such performativity? Some answers to these multidisciplinary questions can be found in public administration, management and decision sciences, risk, safety, and regulatory research areas. Under the public policy dimension, studies emphasize gaps related to (i) the role of effective risk governance and (ii) the central role of inspection, oversight, or monitoring performance, which is often overlooked despite its importance. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to answer with a bottom-up approach the following research question: How can the “risk policy system” around high-risk sites be assessed for an effective decision process taking into consideration the territorial levels such as the Regional level for France and the State level for Australia?Based on qualitative approaches, this thesis aims to propose a multicriteria assessment framework serving conceptual thinking and problem framing for risk policy assessment. It suggests embracing the complexity of a system that combines (i) an organizational and governance system, (ii) a regulatory or normative system, and (iii) a system of practical tools/instruments. The assessment framework is also tested through two qualitative case studies in the Normandy Region (France) and the State of Victoria (Australia), which are both areas where a significant number of high-risk facilities exist.Main contributions include (i) an assessment framework of more than ten criteria coupled with practical questions adapted to the contexts of high-risk industrial sites. They include conditions for legitimacy and validity such as efficacy, transparency, adequacy, and so on; and (ii) two in-depth descriptive assessments of the Normand and Victorian risk policy systems allow us to deduce some main variabilities in their system’s effectiveness. Some limitations appear to concern generalization, scoping, and representativity aspects. Future work encourages testing this framework on other cases, exploring the groups of facilities at the legislative and regulatory boundaries, examining the inter-relationships and dependencies between criteria, and exploring the aggregation methods that can serve the formalization of this framework
2
Mezzetti, Eva <1993>. "Pricing policy and risk profile of a Chinese industrial distributor." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14698.
Анотація:
This work consists of a multi-disciplinar approach to price formulation, stressing the strong connection between the risks that a firm bears and the price that the firm demands for its products or services. After providing a theoretical background on price formulation, risk management, and after discussing the industry of distribution in general, the work focuses on the concrete case of Maxvogue International, a Chinese industrial distributor: the firm's pricing policy and risk management will be analyzed in order to outline a risk profile, particularly focusing on foreign currency exposure.
3
Meyers, Alysha Rose. "Prevention strategies for musculoskeletal disorders among high-risk occupational groups." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2946.
Анотація:
The objective of the three studies in this dissertation was to improve methods to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among workers in high-risk occupations. The first two studies, Strain Index (SI) Studies I & II, addressed this problem by better characterizing the performance of a commonly used observational method of estimating potentially hazardous biomechanical exposures, the SI. The SI combines measures of several biomechanical risk factors into a single value (SI score). Strain Index scores are usually categorized into four ordinal SI "risk categories." In Strain Index Study I, multivariate survival analysis models were compared to evaluate the predictive validity of the original SI risk category cut-points to a new set of empirically derived cut-point values among 276 manufacturing workers. The results from this prospective study indicated that the empirically derived cut-points were a better predictor of incident hand-arm symptoms than the original cut-points, especially among women. In Strain Index Study II, Aim 1, exposures to forceful exertions, repetition and non-neutral wrist posture estimated with SI methods were compared to analogous exposures estimated with alternate methods. Statistically significant associations between separate methods designed to assess specific risk factors were observed only for those measuring non-neutral wrist posture. In Aim 2, a multivariate survival analysis model examining associations between incident hand-arm symptoms and biomechanical exposures estimated with the SI was compared to a model examining associations between incident hand-arm symptoms and biomechanical exposures estimated with separate estimates of biomechanical risk factors. Results favored the SI risk category metric to characterize biomechanical exposures compared to separate measures of exposure. he third study, light-weight block (LWB) Intervention Study, was a repeated measures laboratory study of 25 bricklayers performed to estimate the effect of block weight (LWB vs. standard-weight block (SWB)) and course height on low back disorder (LBD) risk factor exposure. Mixed-effect models showed that LWB was associated with reduced exposure for percent time spent in sagittal flexion >30°, lifting rate, LBD risk probability score, and non-dominant upper trapezius muscle activity. Bricklaying at ankle or chest heights was generally associated with higher exposure to risk factors than bricklaying at knuckle height.
4
Ley-Chavez, Adriana. "Quantitative Models to Design and Evaluate Risk-Specific Screening Strategies for Cervical Cancer Prevention." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324545286.
5
Kuchiki, Akifumi. "Effectiveness of the Flowchart Approach to Industrial Cluster Policy in Asia." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11950.
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Fesinmeyer, Megan Dann. "Pancreatic cancer risk and prevention : association with PPARG gene and policy analysis of tabacco-related pancreatic cancer /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8440.
7
Parisca-Blanco, Sonia. "Risk prevention and policy formulation : responding to the 1999 mud-floods catastrophe in El Litoral Central, Venezuela." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33060.
Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Pages 91-115 consist of 8 folded col. maps printed in leaves, 28 x 43 cm., inserted in pocket on p. [3] of cover.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-116).
Fifteen days of constant and intense rainfall in Venezuela culminated on December 16 1999, in catastrophic landslides and flooding along 25 miles of the Vargas State coastal strip. This catastrophe ravaged the Caracas seaside, ripping up houses and infrastructure and literally reshaping the coastline and beaches. Historical records indicate that similar natural events leading to landslides have occurred in this region before-each fifty years on average. Moreover, the evidence of obliterated structures over hazard-prone areas in Vargas State's cities has led the assumption that land-use planning was not successfully used as a hazard- mitigating technique. Today, after the 1999 mud-flood catastrophe, Venezuela's government is implementing land-use mitigation strategies. However, their efficiency in face of future similar events is not guaranteed. Depending on the tools and instruments used to implement these strategies, these programs will perform successfully --saving lives, time, and resources and promoting the economic and social growth of the region-or fail just as they have in the past. With the aid of government, dwellers have returned slowly to reconstruct their damaged properties, forgetting the strength of nature and the footprints of the rivers, to rebuild in hazard-prone areas and thus starting the cycle again. To evaluate this cycle, this study analyzes the tools used by the Venezuelan government to implement and-use policies in this risk-prone area. This study finds that the combination of tools used in the past and the combination used in the current program are inefficient to pursue the desired goals.
(cont.) These programs are mainly owned and operated by the national government, leaving very little space for local government, the private sector and communities to participate in the reconstruction process. This predominance does not mean national government should not be present in these programs. It does mean that the national government should inform, coordinate, and provide incentives to local governments to engage proactively in the reconstruction process while incorporating mitigation measures in land-use planning. Vargas State inhabitants must be active and willing participants in this process and the government should provide whatever assistance may be needed.
by Sonia Parisca-Blanco.
S.M.
8
Williams, Samuel Thomas. "The Implications of Pre-Work Safety Expectations for Workplace Accident Prevention." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3650.
Анотація:
Young workers are overrepresented in workplace accidents. The aim of this study was to provide the first research exploration of relatively inexperienced neophyte’s pre-work safety expectations, and their associations with expected risk and expected trust. A model of neophyte safety expectations was developed and tested linking accident exposure and work exposure to safety expectations, expectations of trust (in both co-workers and management) and expectations of risk. Results provided partial support for the model, suggesting that neophytes enter work with inflated safety expectations that do not match the reality of the job, and revealed marked gender differences in safety expectations. Implications and future recommendations are discussed.
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Biraguma, Juvenal. "Health policy brief: Towards prevention of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV infection in Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6173.
Анотація:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Physiotherapy)People living with the HIV infection (PLWHI) can now live longer due to the availability and effective use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Eastern and Southern Africa remains the region affected by HIV. Rwanda is one the Eastern Africa that has achieved high rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, accounting 164,262 (78%) of all PLWHI in 2016. However, both HIV infection and continued use of life-long cART medications have been associated with a constellation of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Additionally, HIVinfected (HIV+) persons are at increased risk of NCDs, especially cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), compared to HIV-uninfected (HIV-) counterparts. People living with HIV infection are at an increased risk for NCDs due to their HIV status and their resultant reduced immunity, the use of some cART, and contextual and sociodemographic factors. Fortunately, lifestyle factors including regular physical activity participation, diet modification, and smoking cessation could play a major role in preventing CMD, and in improving life expectancy for HIV+ individuals. However, these interventions are not always integrated in routine African clinical settings, particularly in Rwanda. Currently, health-related benefits of people living with HIV infection on established ART, has shifted from survival to a health-related quality of life outcome (HRQOL).
10
Graves, Jerry V. Jr. "Risk, Vulnerability, and Hazards: The Industrial Canal and the Lower Ninth Ward." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1557.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and describe the social outcomes that may be affected by the environmental risks generated by infrastructure projects; to examine the ways in which vulnerability and exposure to hazards may increase risk in neighborhoods over time; and to examine the implications of addressing the exacerbation of exposure to natural hazards within the traditional environmental justice framework. The Industrial Canal and Lower Ninth Ward were selected as the subjects of this case study because the canal has existed on the perimeter of the neighborhood for nearly one century, isolating Lower Ninth Ward residents from the rest of New Orleans and significantly contributing to two catastrophic flood events.
The findings of the study are as follows: (1) the environmental risks associated with infrastructure projects can be magnified when imposed on an already vulnerable neighborhood, and may ultimately result in hazard events which cause displacement and disinvestment. Such consequences can have an impact on micro-level (individual and household) and macro-level (neighborhood) social outcomes; (2) vulnerability and exposure to hazards can initiate a pattern of increased risk that intensifies vulnerability to subsequent hazard events; and, finally, (3) the parallels between the causes and consequences of traditional environmental justice issues and the exacerbation of exposure to natural hazards implies that framing issues relative to natural hazards as matters of justice and articulating the social consequences of not mitigating such hazards can be an excellent way of educating stakeholders and lobbying for resources.
11
Johansson, Anna. "Societal risk and safety management : Policy diffusion, management structures and perspectives at the municipal level in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-27079.
Анотація:
This compilation thesis investigates risk and safety management at the Swedish local governmentallevel. It sets special focus on municipal implementation of overall international and nationalstrategies and objectives regarding holistic, cross-sectorial and multi-strategic risk and safetywork, and the prevention of accidents and injuries. The overall aim for this thesis have been to empirically map and provide an overview of theadministrative structures for, and the prevailing management perspectives applied in the societalrisk and safety management in Sweden, as well as to study the diffusion of strategic intentions forthis area down to the municipal level. Three different sources constitute the thesis empirical base: two different set of official planningdocuments, written by Swedish municipal officials on commission of the local politiciansand one set of data from a survey investigation with municipal officials representing differentdepartments/functions. The documents were investigated using content analysis, while datafrom the survey were analyzed using statistical measures. This thesis provides through its empirical works an outlook on the general characteristics andarchetypical features of the Swedish local level’s administrative structures and managementperspective on risk and safety management; and proposes a municipal typology and a set of valuecharacters for allocation and institutionalization of risk and safety-tasks. This thesis also suggestsa conceptual framework for overviewing risk and safety management’s systemic steering elementsin its framework report. Based on the findings made, it seems as if the local level’s compliance tothe strategic level’s ambitions for the risk and safety area is hindered by practical implementationdifficulties and that much work remains in order to reach stated strategic objectives regardingholistic, inter-sectorial and multi-strategic management approaches, and preventive risk andsafety work.Baksidestext The compilation thesis investigates Societal Risk and Safety Management (SRSM) at the Swedish local governmental level. It sets special focus on municipal implementation of overall international and national strategies and objectives regarding holistic, cross-sectorial and multi-strategic risk and safety work, and prevention of accidents/injuries and promotion of safety. Three different sources constitute the thesis empirical bases: two different sets of official governmental planning documents, written by Swedish municipal officials on commission of the local politicians and one set of data from a survey investigation with municipal officials (n=1283), representing different administrative departments/functions within different municipalities. The official documents were investigated using content analysis methodology, while data from the survey were analyzed using various statistical investigations. This thesis suggests a conceptual and systemic model for SRSM’s contextual and analytical elements, and provides through its empirical works an overview of management perspectives and administrative structures applied, and it proposes a municipal typology and a set of value characters for allocation and institutionalization of SRSM-tasks locally.
12
Villaneuva, Raul. "Evaluation of an Ergonomic Intervention Program for the Prevention of Cumulative Trauma Disorders in Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500596/.
Анотація:
The present study analyzed the health benefits data of employees in a southwestern United States manufacturing plant. The data consisted of the prevalence rates of headaches, muscle injuries, upper respiratory complaints, and colds/flu for baseline (1985) and intervention levels (1986-1988) for five high-risk jobs. The prevalence rates of headaches and muscle injuries decreased significantly (p < .001) from baseline levels for all five job groups. Comparisons with a nontreatment group revealed significant decreases (p < .05) for three of the five job groups. The findings support the efficacy of the ergonomic interventions. A health surveillance system is recommended for early detection and prevention of cumulative trauma disorders.
13
Parsadh, Adrian. "Assessing behavioural intention of small and medium enterprises in implementing a HIV/AIDS policy and programme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49855.
Анотація:
Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The relentless progression of HfV /AIDS epidemic has made it imperative that measures are put in place to minimise its impact on Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). mv is set to have a significant effect on every facet of the population, and SME is not immune. Business is likely to feel the impact ofmv/AIDS epidemic through reduced productivity, increased absenteeism, increased staff turnover, increased recruitment and training costs, increased cost of employee benefits and poor staff morale. One of the interventions is to implement a mv/AIDS policy and programme, yet a literature search showed that psychological studies of SME in implementing a mv/AIDS policy and programme are limited. The present study utilised the model of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1985,1988, 1991), which is an extension of the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). Intention to implement a mv/AIDS policy and programme was predicted by the theory of planned behaviour constructs such as attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. The theory of planned behaviour was found to be useful in assessing behavioural intention of SME in implementing a mv/AIDS policy and programme. These findings indicate that implementing an intervention like a mv/AIDS policy and programme by SMES is a behavioural intention motivated by attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meedoënlose progressie van die HIVNIGS pandemie het dit gebiedend noodsaaklik gemaak om maatreëls daar te stelom die impak daarvan op klein en medium sakeondernemings te minimaliseer. HIVNIGS sal 'n beduidende uitwerking hê op alle vlakke van die bevolking. Klein en medium sakeondernemings is geen uitsondering nie. Die uitwerking van die HIVNIGS pandemie sal tot gevolg hê 'n afname in produktiwiteit; 'n toename in personeelafwesigheid, personeelomset, personeelwerwing en - opleidingskoste, personeelvoordele; en swak personeel moreel. Een manier om die probleem aan te spreek is om 'n HIVNIGS beleid en program te implimenteer. Ongelukkig toon literêre navorsing dat psigologiese studies van klein en medium sakeondernemings om 'n HIVNIGS beleid en program te implimenteer, beperk is. Dié navorsing steun op die teorie van planmatige gedrag (Ajzen, 1985; 1988; 1991), wat 'n verlenging is van die teorie van beredeneerde optrede (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). Die oogmerk met die implimentering van 'n HIVNIGS beleid en program is bepaal deur die teorie van planmagtige gedrag soos waargeneem in geesteshouding, subjektiewe norme en waargenome beheerde gedrag. Daar is gevind dat die teorie van planmagtige gedrag nuttig is om die oogmerke en optrede van werknemers in klein en medium sakeondernemings te bepaal met die implimentering van 'n HIVNIGS beleid en program. Hierdie bevindings toon dat die implimentering en tussenkoms van 'n HIVNIGS beleid en program by klein en medium sakeondernemings'n gedragsoogmerk is wat gemotiveer word deur geesteshoudings, subjektiewe norme en waargenome beheerde gedrag.
14
Elfors, Benjamin, and Marie Lindbäck. "Mellan risk och njutning : En diskursanalys av alkoholpreventionen i Systembolagets tidning Bolaget." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-87495.
Анотація:
The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how Bolaget, a paper published by the Swedish alcohol monopoly retailer Systembolaget, constructs issues of alcohol in 18 preventive articles published between 2009 and 2012. More specifically the essay focuses on the consequences of alcohol, as well as its consumers and functions. Systembolaget is a distributor of alcohol and at the same time has an assignment by the state to reduce alcohol-related harm. This double role makes the alcohol prevention of Systembolaget, and their perspective on consequences, consumers and functions of alcohol, an interesting object of study. The theoretical and methodological basis is Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The results show that a medical expertise is given the power to define the problems of alcohol. This has implications for the field of social work since it suggests that alcohol problems are mainly of physiological concern. Regarding drinking behavior, sobriety and moderation are two competing discourses; both are portrayed as desirable. Men’s and women’s drinking is problematized differently. A hegemonic discourse on gender, in which men and women are constructed as essentially different and men constitute the norm, is reproduced.
15
Copley, G. Bruce. "Epidemiologic risk factors for suicide and attempted suicide by the U.S. Air Force : using administrative data systems and multiple cause of death information to improve prevention policy /." (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader), 2000. http://stinet.dtic.mil/str/tr4%5Ffields.html.
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Morawetz, Norbet. "The rise of co-productions in the film industry : the impact of policy change and financial dynamics on industrial organization in a high risk environment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/3469.
Анотація:
The main aim of this study is to examine the interrelationship of finance and government intervention in explaining the rise of co-productions in the international film industry in the time period between 1997 and 2004. Mainstream economic geography literature presents the film industry typically as a case study for embeddedness and agglomeration effects, with successful industry clusters drawing their strength from process knowledge, networks and local interaction. However, there is an increasing disparity in the literature between what mainstream theory suggests, and what empirical studies find with respect to the importance of cluster-external relations and dynamics. This, as I will argue, is particularly evident when looking at the picture of the whole film industry production system that emerges from the literature, which fails to include the alternative and complimentary pattern of co-productions. Co-productions are collaborations between film producers from at least two different countries, pooling their resources across distance to produce a feature film project. In the past fifteen years, the number of films made as co-productions has risen continuously in Europe, with co-productions accounting for more than 30 per cent of European film production activity. As a mode of production based on temporary, cross-border collaboration that is supported in its coordination by temporary clusters, such as trade fairs and industry events, the coproduction phenomenon poses a conundrum to economic geography literature and challenges its explanatory framework. As I will argue, in order to arrive at a satisfactory understanding of the phenomenon, it is necessary to look beyond social factors associated with locality, and to examine instead dynamics impacting on the industrial organization of the whole production system. I will argue that in the context of the pervasive demand uncertainty characterizing the film industry, the analytical focus should be on financial dynamics, as production activity and its organizational form are ultimately dependent on finance as an enabling force. Based on a description of the film financing process as the primary process in which the relationship between the economic categories of financial and production capital are played out, I propose that in order to explain the growth of co-productions empirically, it is necessary to examine changes in the film financing environments of the increasingly interrelated European and US film industries. As the State is the most important provider of financial capital in the European film industry through the provision of public aid, the focus will lie in particular on the consequences of a paradigm change in the rationale of State intervention in Europe moving away from funding film for cultural reason, to supporting the industry on economic grounds since the mid 1990s. As will be shown, the most important consequence of this paradigm change has been the introduction of tax incentives to encourage investment into film in a number of European and international countries within a short period of time. As will be demonstrated, this has led to the formation of significant, locally confined capital pools that can dis-embed production; and to the emergence of a distinct capital cycle in international film financing, which has strongly impacted on the productive system of the film industry. Finally, a dynamic explanation for the growth of co-productions in Europe in the time period between 1997 and 2004 will be provided. I will argue that co-productions have firstly grown in order to overcome a lack of finance, but have in the context of a capital cycle based on tax incentives from Germany and the UK, increasingly become driven by the opposite dynamic, namely an abundance of financial capital seeking profitable investment opportunities. The study will conclude with a discussion of policy implications, a summary of contributions to the literature and a brief overview of future research opportunities.
17
Sharman, Killaine K. "The theory and practice of risk in private infrastructure projects, an analysis of the cida industrial cooperation program's experience to date and policy recommendations for tomorrow." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32353.pdf.
18
Canaza, Tapia Albert Antony, and Aldana Lesly Lucia Torres. "Gestión de riesgos empresariales COSO ERM 2017 y la prevención de fraude en las empresas del sector industrial que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima (Lima Metropolitana - Callao 2018)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628051.
Анотація:
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la importancia que tiene la gestión de riesgos, principalmente basado en COSO ERM 2017 y su influencia en la prevención de fraude en las empresas del sector industrial que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima.
El trabajo consta de un marco teórico en el cuál se define dos temas importantes: la gestión de riesgos – COSO ERM 2017 y, la prevención de fraude. En segundo lugar, se encuentra el plan de investigación estableciendo el problema, hipótesis y objetivos de la investigación, así como la metodología a utilizarse.
Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo, hemos realizado una investigación cualitativa. Donde, se empleó el desarrollo de las entrevistas a profundidad a especialistas en el tema de gestión de riesgos y encuestas personales de las principales empresas del sector industrial que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima con la finalidad de determinar si realizar una gestión de riesgos basada en el modelo COSO ERM 2017 ayuda en la prevención de fraude.
Asimismo, desarrollamos un caso práctico donde se evaluó la situación actual respecto al uso de una adecuada gestión de riesgos basada en el modelo COSO ERM 2017 y su influencia en la prevención de fraude de la empresa líder del sector industrial de cerámicos que cotiza en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima.
Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que las empresas que se desempeñan en el sector industrial no cuentan con un conocimiento sobre cómo se tiene que realizar una adecuada gestión de riesgos basada en el modelo COSO ERM 2017, debido a que solamente lo relacionan con la eficiencia en el manejo de los gastos y que la persona responsable es el contador.
En el caso de la prevención de fraude, las organizaciones tenían un mayor conocimiento, pero al momento de consultarles por su planeamiento estratégico, afirmaban que la información era informada de manera oral.
Ante esto, podemos concluir que el COSO ERM 2017 tiene un soporte y una influencia significativa en el proceso de prevención de fraude de una organización, debido a que proporciona una mayor comprensión de la gestión del riesgo cuando la organización establece y ejecuta sus estrategias. También una correcta implementación del COSO ERM 2017 permite que una empresa tenga mayor seguridad, objetivos más claros y un mayor énfasis en la evaluación de riesgos.The objective of this research project is to demonstrate the importance of risk management, mainly based on COSO ERM 2017 and how it influences on fraud prevention in industrial sector companies that are listed on the Lima Stock Exchange. The project consists of a theoretical framework, that includes two main problems: risk management – COSO ERM 2017 and fraud prevention. Then, there is the research plan that establish the problem, hypothesis and the objectives of the research, as well the methodology to be used. For this project development, we conducted a qualitative research. It was used deep interviews with specialists in the risk management area and surveys of the main companies in the industrial sector that are listed on the Lima Stock Exchange with the objective of determining how much knowledge they have about and how frequently they use risk management based on COSO ERM 2017 model and fraud prevention. Likewise, we developed a case study where we evaluated the current situation of regarding the use of a proper risk management based on COSO ERM 2017 model and its influence in the fraud prevention of the leading company in the ceramic industry that is listed on the Lima Stock Exchange. The results of the research show that companies that work in the industrial sector do not have enought knowledge about the importance of an adequate risk management based on COSO ERM 2017 model, due to they only relate it to efficiency in expenses management which corresponds to an accountant. In the case of fraud prevention, the organizations had greater knowledge, but at the time of consulting them about their strategic planning, they affirmed that the information was only orally informed. Given this, we can conclude that the COSO ERM 2017 has a support and an important influence in the fraud prevention process of an organization, because it provides a greater understanding of risk management when the organization establishes and excutes its strategies. Also a correct implementation of COSO ERM 2017 allows a company to have greater security, clearer objectives and a greater emphasis on risk assessment.
Tesis
19
Cho, Seong Yun. "Environmental Justice in Natural Disaster Mitigation Policy and Planning: a Case Study of Flood Risk Management in Johnson Creek, Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4502.
Анотація:
This study aims to explore the possibility of environmental justice as social consensus and an institutional framework to reduce socioeconomic differences in natural disaster vulnerability through a case study of flood risk management in Johnson Creek, Portland, Oregon. First, by analyzing institutions, policies, and currently ongoing flood mitigation projects, this study investigates how federal and local governments are addressing and responding to current flood problems. Second, through flood expert surveys and GIS spatial analysis, this study examines various factors that contribute to communities' susceptibility to flood risks, and whether there exist spatial differences between physically and socioeconomically vulnerable communities within the Johnson Creek area. Lastly, this study conducted comparative analysis of perceptions using Q-methodology to explore the diverse range of meanings and understandings that flood experts and urban practitioners construct in relation to the dilemmas of environmental justice in flood mitigation practice. The findings of this study indicate that institutional blind spots and barriers in natural disaster mitigation policy and planning can be generated by flood experts' and urban practitioners' different understandings of vulnerability, different interpretations of human rights, and different perspectives on the extent of institutional responsibility to assist socioeconomically vulnerable populations.
20
Blesius, Jean-Christophe. "Vivre avec les industries ? De la maîtrise de l’urbanisation à l’éducation aux risques : cas de Vitry-sur-Seine (France) et de Montréal-Est (Québec)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1005/document.
Анотація:
Le risque industriel majeur est la probabilité que survienne, en un endroit donné, un incendie, une fuite toxique ou bien une explosion. Ce type de risque est inhérent à certains établissements qui entreposent, manipulent, fabriquent des matières qualifiées de dangereuses. La catastrophe industrielle majeure, qui concrétise ce risque, aura des répercussions importantes sur les hommes et leurs biens. Certaines agglomérations densément bâties laissent entrevoir des situations de cohabitation étroite entre des établissements industriels et d'autres types de constructions (résidences, équipements, autres activités, etc.). Par l'analyse de deux cas, la Ville de Vitry-sur-Seine en France et de Montréal-Est dans la province canadienne du Québec, cette recherche propose de mener une réflexion sur les réponses mises en œuvre pour faire face aux risques industriels majeurs inhérents à deux établissements de stockage. Après avoir satisfait à la nécessaire démarche d'identification du risque, plusieurs familles de réponses peuvent être mises en œuvre : réduction du risque à la source ; préparation des mesures d'intervention en cas d'urgence ; transmission d'informations ; pratiques d'aménagement ; intervention ; rétablissement. Au nom des « territoires du risque », ces réponses témoignent de ce que le risque est capable de « faire faire » au territoire. Cette recherche montrera que pour un même type de risque, les réponses peuvent différer sur les deux terrains d'investigation. C'est le cas de la réponse dite de maîtrise de l'urbanisation qui vise à créer (ou recréer), par l'aménagement, une certaine distance d'éloignement entre industries à risque et autres types de construction ; ou plus généralement à favoriser les conditions d'une meilleure cohabitation entre ces deux ensembles. Les différences observées ne relèvent pas tant du facteur géographique, mais plutôt de facteurs économiques et historiques. Malgré cette divergence, il ressort le constat commun d'une très complexe mise en œuvre de la maîtrise de l'urbanisation. Plus encore, il semble difficile de ne pas vivre avec l'industrie. C'est aussi le cas de la réponse qui vise à éduquer aux risques. Cette dernière consiste, en première lecture, à parler du risque majeur auprès de jeunes enfants dans les établissements scolaires. Les différences observées s'expliquent par des facteurs d'ordre pratique (manque de temps, de moyens) ; mais aussi, et non des moindres, par la thématique des représentations. Malgré tout, la mise en œuvre d'une éducation aux risques semble devoir surmonter certains enjeux afin qu'elle ne se réduise pas à une simple transmission d'informations. Cette recherche porte donc une focale sur la thématique de l'aménagement autour des établissements industriels dangereux ; tout en proposant de prolonger la réflexion sur des thématiques en lien avec les sciences de l'éducation. Elle permet de questionner la place qu'ont les industries dans les villes aujourd'hui. Plus encore, elle tente de montrer qu'il est préférable de mener une réflexion sur des solutions qui permettraient une meilleure cohabitation entre ville et industrieThe major industrial risk is the probability of a fire, a toxic spill or an explosion on a particular location. This type of risk is inherent in some establishments that store, handle, and manufacture hazardous products. The major industrial disaster, which embodies this risk, will have a significant impact on people and their property. Some densely built cities suggest situations of close cohabitation between industrial and other types of buildings (residential, equipment, other activities, etc.). By the analysis of two cases, the City of Vitry-sur-Seine, France and Montréal-Est, Québec, Canada, this research proposes a reflection on the responses implemented to cope with major industrial risks concerning two storage facilities. After a period of a necessary risk identification process, several families of responses can be implemented: reducing the risk at source ; preparation of intervention measures in case of emergency; information transmission; planning practices; emergency action; recovery. By using the expression of "risk territories", these responses indicate that the risk is able to "make do" to the territory. This research will show that, for the same type of risk, the responses may differ on the two investigation sites.This is the case of the urbanization control which aims to create (or recreate), by planning practices, a certain distance away from industries at risk and other types of construction, or more generally to promote conditions for a better coexistence between these two sets. Differences are not due to the geographical factor but rather economic and historical factors. Despite this difference, it appears a common set: a very complex implementation of the urbanization control. Moreover, it seems difficult to not live with the industry. This is also the case of the answer which consists to educate at risk. This response, at first reading, consists in talking about the major risk to young children in schools. Differences are explained by practical factors (lack of time, resources) but also and not least by the thematic of representations. Nevertheless, the implementation of a risk education seems to overcome some issues in order to not be a simple transmission of information. Thus, this research focuses on the development around hazardous industrial establishments, while proposing to extend the discussion on topics related to science education. It allows to question the place acquired to the industries in cities today. Furthermore, it attempts to show that it is better to reflect on solutions that enable a better coexistence between city and industry.KeywordsMajor industrial risk; Risk territories ; Prevention; Control of urbanization ; Risk Culture ; Risk Education
21
Piontek, Daniela. "Tabakkonsum bei Jugendlichen und erwachsenen Risikopopulationen. Einflussfaktoren und Ansätze zu Prävention und Intervention." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200800888.
Анотація:
Tabakkonsum bei Jugendlichen und erwachsenen Risikopopulationen. Einflussfaktoren und Ansätze zu Prävention und Intervention Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Einflussfaktoren des Tabakkonsums bei verschiedenen Zielgruppen sowie möglichen Ansätzen zur nachhaltigen Beeinflussung des Rauchverhaltens. Die Arbeit besteht aus insgesamt sechs Manuskripten, die in nationalen und internationalen Fachzeitschriften publiziert oder zur Publikation angenommen sind. Diese sechs Beiträge lassen sich zwei Schwerpunkten zuordnen, die inhaltlich die zwei wichtigsten Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion des Tabakkonsums in der Bevölkerung widerspiegeln: die Verhinderung des Neueinstiegs in das Rauchen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (Prävention) sowie die Förderung des Ausstiegs aus dem Rauchen (Intervention). Im ersten Teil wird im Rahmen eines Reviews sowie zweier Studien untersucht, ob sich verhältnispräventive Maßnahmen an Schulen auf das Rauchverhalten der Schüler auswirken. Im zweiten Teil untersuchen drei Studien die Motivation zur Verhaltensänderung, die Inanspruchnahme von Hilfsangeboten bzw. die Effektivität von Tabakentwöhnung bei Rauchern mit einer Alkoholabhängigkeit, Müttern in der Mutter-Kind-Rehabilitation sowie Patienten mit tabakassoziierten körperlichen Erkrankungen„Smoking in adolescents and adult risk populations. Factors of influence and approaches concerning prevention and intervention” This dissertation is concerned with factors influencing the smoking behaviour of different target groups and potential approaches for lasting changes of these behaviours. The dissertation consists of six manuscripts that are published or accepted for publication in national and international peer-reviewed journals. These six papers refer to two main emphases that reflect the two most important possibilities to reduce tobacco consumption in the population: Prevention of smoking initiation in children and adolescents (prevention), and support for smoking cessation (intervention). In the first part of the dissertation, a literature review and two empirical studies assess the influence of school tobacco policies on the smoking behaviour of students. In the second part, three empirical papers examine motivation to change, utilisation and effectiveness of smoking cessation in smokers with an alcohol dependence, mothers in mother-child rehabilitation and patients with smoking-related physical diseases
22
Nthinya, Bojoalo Cynthia. "Implementation of workplace HIV/AIDS policies and programmes by small and medium enterprises in Masery." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79922.
Анотація:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An alarming rate of HIV/AIDS in the country has compelled the Government of Lesotho to make changes in the labour act; to accommodate HIV/AIDS in the workplace. In order to assist businesses in complying with the labour Act requirements, the Government put in place guidelines, aimed at assisting businesses in the development and implementation of workplace HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. However, it has been observed SMEs have not been utilising these guidelines. The purpose of the study therefore is to establish the level of knowledge SMEs have about the Government guidelines; to determine whether they have existing workplace HIV/AIDS policies; and establish the challenges SMEs face in using the guidelines to implement workplace HIV/AIDS policies and programmes; with the purpose of providing guidelines for support in the implementation of workplace HIV/AIDS policies. The results show 46.7% and 46% of employers and employees respectively is not aware of the guidelines. There were only five managers who indicated they have policy in place. Only 21 employees were aware of the existence of HIV/AIDS workplace policies at their work. There were various challenges that were stipulated by the SMEs. Some businesses pointed out they did have the expertise and financial strength to develop and implement HIV/AIDS workplace policies. Further it was stated the guidelines were not clear, therefore could not be put in practice. It is therefore essential to ensure training is provided to SMEs and their employees; to ensure they do understand what is required of them. It is also imperative to make sure those who are in financial need are also assisted. The other important aspect that needs to be addressed during training is why HIV/AIDS should be treated as a workplace issue. This will enlighten SMEs on the importance of developing and implementing workplace policies and programmes. Thus they will understand the benefits of effective management of HIV/AIDS in the workplace; which can be brought about by effective HIV/AIDS policies and programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Kommerwekkende koers van MIV/VIGS in die land het die Lesotho regering gedwing om veranderinge in die Arbeids wet aan te bring, om sodoende MIV/VIGS in die werkplek te akkomodeer. Om besighede te help om die Arbeids wet se riglyne na te kom, het die regering sekere riglyne in plek gestel wat daarop gemik is om MIV/VIGS programme te ontwikkel en implementeer in die werkplek. Dit is egter opgemerk dat KMG ondernemings nie die riglyne toe pas nie. Die doel van die studie is dus om vas te stel wat die vlak van kennis die KMG’s het in verband met die regering se riglyne; of hulle enige bestaande MIV/VIGS beleide in plek het en om die eise wat die implementering van die riglyne om ‘n MIV/VIGS beleid in die werkplek stel. Die doel is dus om die riglyne te voorsien wat die implementering van werkplek MIV/VIGS beleid ondersteun. Die resultate toon dat 46.7% en 46% van werkgewers en werknemers onderskeidelik, nie bewus is van die riglyne nie. Daar was slegs 5 bestuurders wat aangedui het dat daar wel ‘n beleid in plek is. Net 21 werknemers was bewus van die MIV/VIGS beleid by hul werk. Verskeie uitdagings is deur die KMG’s uitgewys. Sommige besighede het aangedui dat hulle wel die kennis en finansies om die MIV/VIGS beleid te ontwikkel en te implementer. Verder is ook aangedui dat die riglyne nie duidelik is nie en daarom nie geimplementeer kon word nie. Dit is daarom noodsaaklik om te verseker dat opleiding verskaf word aan die KMG’s en hul werknemers, om te verseker dat hulle verstaan wat van hulle verwag word. Ook is dit noodsaaklik dat persone wat finansiele hulp benodig ondersteun moet word. ‘n Ander belangrike aspek wat aangespreek moet word tydens opleiding is hoe MIV/VIGS behandel moet word in die werkplek. Dit sal vir KMG’s verlig hoe belangrik die ontwikkeling en implementeering van werkplak beleid en programme is. Sodoende sal hulle die voordele van effektiewe bestuur van MIV/VIGS in die werkplek, wat deur effektiewe MIV/VIGS beleid en programme te weeg gebring kan word, beter verstaan.
23
Forsén, Sven Johan Richard. "Investigating Swedish Trade Unions’ Labor Market Preferences: the role of union member labor market risk exposure and the white-collar/blue-collar union divide." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380569.
Анотація:
In the literature on the emergence of the welfare state, the strength of trade unions and the organized working class is often touted as the primary driving force behind the welfare state project. Furthermore, much of the previous literature has tended to assume union homogeneity across countries, federations, industries and professions. What is conspicuously lacking from the current political science literature is a systematic analysis of real-world trade unions’ choice of labor market advocacy focus. Using a qualitative approach and studying both published union material as well as conducting a number of elite interviews with high-level union officials, this thesis studies the degree to which Swedish trade unions’ labor market policy preferences are defined by the union members’ labor market risk exposure and whether the union adheres to white-collar or blue-collar unionism. While the conclusions indeed suggest that labor market risk and blue-collar/white-collar unionism do have a systematic impact on cartain aspects of trade unions’ labor market advocacy, future “large N” studies utilizing alternative methodological approaches will be required to draw more easily generalizable conclusions.
24
Cure, Vellojin Laila Nadime. "Analytical Methods to Support Risk Identification and Analysis in Healthcare Systems." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3054.
Анотація:
Healthcare systems require continuous monitoring of risk to prevent adverse events. Risk analysis is a time consuming activity that depends on the background of analysts and available data. Patient safety data is often incomplete and biased. This research proposes systematic approaches to monitor risk in healthcare using available patient safety data. The methodologies combine traditional healthcare risk analysis methods with safety theory concepts, in an innovative manner, to allocate available evidence to potential risk sources throughout the system. We propose the use of data mining to analyze near-miss reports and guide the identification of risk sources. In addition, we propose a Maximum-Entropy based approach to monitor risk sources and prioritize investigation efforts accordingly.
The products of this research are intended to facilitate risk analysis and allow
for timely identification of risks to prevent harm to patients.
25
Marcheskie, Justin S. "Analyzing Campus Safety: A Survey of Perceived Risk, Crime and Outdoor Lighting Levels." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1556205767075947.
26
Mwacalimba, Kennedy Kapala. "Pandemic preparedness and multi-sectoral zoonosis risk management : a case study of avian and human influenza prevention and control policy development across the sectors of animal health, public health and trade in Zambia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2011. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646545/.
Анотація:
Emerging zoonoses have unique consequences for the animal health, public health and trade sectors. This study examined the links between policy. zoonoses, and risk in Zambia and assessed the feasibility of a World Organisation for Animal Health (OlE) risk analysis in informing risk management in this context. The research was a qualitative case study drawing on: in-depth interviews with key informants; informal interviews; documentary review and observation. Snowball sampling was used to select informants directly involved in avian (H5Nl) and human influenza policy development and/or livestock trade policy implementation at national level. A chronology of avian and human influenza policy development in Zambia over the period 2005-2009 was constructed. Policy process and interpretivist policy analysis theories guided analysis. In this resource-constrained setting, external international agendas were found to have considerable influence on policy. National stakeholders initially framed H5Nl as an imminent threat and largely animal health problem. This prioritized the involvement of health and agricultural actors in the policy process and excluded those from trade and other key sectors. H5Nl was a plausible threat to agriculture, and a potential threat to human health, but perceptions of risk presented real economic repercussions for the poultry industry. Despite challenges in coordinating the policy response, the policy process had tangible benefits for Zambia in terms of pandemic preparedness and for raising the profile of the previously underrecognised poultry industry. This study suggests the weighing of both local policy and ecological configurations in assessment of risk and the design of zoonotic disease mitigation policies. While feasible, the merits of an OlE risk analysis in informing policy development in this context would be enhanced by a careful consideration and inclusion of policy processes. An objective and discursive approach to analysis of risk, appropriately communicated to stakeholders, would improve collaboration in disease management across sectors.
27
Elliott, Andrew Brent. "Risk assessment and the effects of overhead work - an automotive industry example." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005211.
Анотація:
The focus of this investigation was an analysis of the work demands being placed on South African automotive industry workers as there is a recognised problem with regard to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Preliminary work was conducted to highlight the dominant risks and areas which elicited higher numbers of MSDs within the chosen automotive plant. An area of concern was highlighted through medical record analysis and the use of risk assessment tools, thereby prioritising the need for ergonomic intervention. In particular, the effects of varying restricted and overhead work heights on the biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses of an individual were investigated. Twenty-eight subjects were required to complete sixteen conditions. The conditions consisted of the adoption of restricted and upright overhead static postures, with half requiring the holding of four kilograms of weight in the hands and the remaining eight conditions having no weight. Testing was carried out using an electromyography unit, ergospirometer and a perceptual Body Discomfort Map and Scale. This involved a habituation and testing session. The results of the testing revealed the biomechanical and physiological responses were dependant on the change in height. Body discomfort was also shown to be variable over the changing height conditions. This indicates that there is a significant effect of height on an individual’s responses during overhead work. The extreme restricted (-200mm and -100mm) and upright (+300mm and +400mm) overhead conditions within this study were limiting, as they elicited the highest muscle activation, physiological responses and body discomfort ratings. Positions that are preferable to adopt, which were identified from the results in this study, indicate conditions closer to head height (0mm and +100mm) were favourable. The results therefore illustrate how awkward working postures during work are likely to elicit higher demands from an individual, which could lead to an increased risk for the development of a musculoskeletal disorder. The added factor of weight elicited significant results over all variables, excluding a respiratory The focus of this investigation was an analysis of the work demands being placed on South African automotive industry workers as there is a recognised problem with regard to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Preliminary work was conducted to highlight the dominant risks and areas which elicited higher numbers of MSDs within the chosen automotive plant. An area of concern was highlighted through medical record analysis and the use of risk assessment tools, thereby prioritising the need for ergonomic intervention. In particular, the effects of varying restricted and overhead work heights on the biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses of an individual were investigated. Twenty-eight subjects were required to complete sixteen conditions. The conditions consisted of the adoption of restricted and upright overhead static postures, with half requiring the holding of four kilograms of weight in the hands and the remaining eight conditions having no weight. Testing was carried out using an electromyography unit, ergospirometer and a perceptual Body Discomfort Map and Scale. This involved a habituation and testing session. The results of the testing revealed the biomechanical and physiological responses were dependant on the change in height. Body discomfort was also shown to be variable over the changing height conditions. This indicates that there is a significant effect of height on an individual’s responses during overhead work. The extreme restricted (-200mm and -100mm) and upright (+300mm and +400mm) overhead conditions within this study were limiting, as they elicited the highest muscle activation, physiological responses and body discomfort ratings. Positions that are preferable to adopt, which were identified from the results in this study, indicate conditions closer to head height (0mm and +100mm) were favourable. The results therefore illustrate how awkward working postures during work are likely to elicit higher demands from an individual, which could lead to an increased risk for the development of a musculoskeletal disorder. The added factor of weight elicited significant results over all variables, excluding a respiratory individual.
28
Silva, Rogerio Galvão da. "Incentivos governamentais para promoção da segurança e saúde no trabalho: estudo nas companhias de terminais marítimos para granéis líquidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-02022007-162308/.
Анотація:
Introdução A regulamentação e a fiscalização da segurança e saúde no trabalho [SST] têm sido os principais instrumentos de Estado para promover a melhoria dos ambientes e condições de trabalho. Nesta tese, argumenta-se que a combinação desses instrumentos com o uso de incentivos governamentais pode ser mais eficaz para promover tal melhoria. Neste contexto, a questão que direcionou a pesquisa foi: Quais incentivos governamentais, se implementados, seriam os mais promissores para influenciar a alta administração das organizações na melhoria do desempenho da segurança e saúde no trabalho?. Na busca de respostas, foram entrevistados membros da alta administração de companhias que operam terminais marítimos para granéis líquidos. Objetivo - Explorar possibilidades no uso de incentivos governamentais para promoção da segurança e saúde no trabalho. Metodologia - Foram entrevistados membros da alta administração de cinco companhias, os quais representam onze terminais em operação no país. Utilizou-se um questionário contendo quarenta e três questões que permitiu coletar informações sobre seis tipos de incentivos, quais sejam: a flexibilização das alíquotas de recolhimento do seguro acidente do trabalho, a flexibilização das ocorrências das fiscalizações programadas dos ambientes e condições de trabalho, o reconhecimento público em SST, a publicidade negativa em SST, a publicidade de dados comparativos do desempenho da SST entre organizações do mesmo segmento e o estabelecimento de requisitos de SST nas licitações públicas. Resultados e conclusão - Os seis tipos de incentivos estudados têm potencial para exercerem influência nas decisões de membros da alta administração dos terminais, com exceção do incentivo na forma de estabelecimento de requisitos de SST nas licitações públicas, pois tais terminais não possuem relações comerciais com o governo. Os incentivos na forma de flexibilização das alíquotas de recolhimento do seguro acidente do trabalho e na forma de flexibilização das ocorrências de fiscalização dos ambientes e condições de trabalho foram apontados como os mais promissores para promoverem a melhoria do desempenho da segurança e saúde no trabalho.Introduction. Occupational health and safety [OHS] regulations and inspections are the main instruments of government used to promote the improvement of working environments and conditions of work. In this thesis it is argued that the combination of these instruments with governmental incentives is likely to be more effective in improving the OHS performance of companies. In this context, the research question addressed was: "Which governmental incentives, if implemented, would be most effective in influencing senior managers to promote the improvement of occupational health and safety performance?". This was assessed through interviews with senior managers of bulk liquid terminal companies operating in Brazil. Objective. To explore the possibility of using governmental incentives to promote improvement of occupational health and safety performance. Methodology. Interviews were held with senior managers of five companies, representing eleven terminals in the country. A forty-three-point questionnaire was used to collect data on the likely effect of six potential incentives. These six incentives were flexibility on premium rates for occupational accident insurance, flexibility on the frequency of programmed health and safety inspections, public recognition of OHS, negative publicity on OHS, comparison of OHS performance between companies in the same business sector, and the establishment of OHS requirements for public procurement. Results and conclusion. The incentives studied were all found to have the potential to influence the decisions of senior management. However, one of the incentives, the establishment of OHS requirements for public procurement, was not found to be suitable to the particular group of companies that the fieldwork focused on. This is because bulk liquid terminals do not have commercial relationships with the Brazilian government. Two incentives were found to have particular potential to promote improvement of OHS performance. The first was to allow for flexibility on premium rates for occupational accident insurance. The second was to allow for flexibility on the frequency of programmed health and safety inspections.
29
Lall, Priya. "Susceptibility and vulnerability of Indian women to the impact of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4da0b05-58f3-4e81-9ae1-80dc89beed87.
Анотація:
The objective of this thesis is to examine which socio-economic, structural and cultural factors may influence Indian women’s propensity to contract HIV and later their ability to access the relevant healthcare services for their condition. The research draws on two theoretical frameworks, the first being Barnett and Whiteside’s (2002) concept of social structural factors of disease transmission. Second, Anderson and Aday’s (1981) model of access examines how a variety of structural and resource-based factors, e.g. area of residence, can influence usage of healthcare facilities. Two stages of data analysis were undertaken, the first being secondary statistical analysis of the National Family Health Survey III. The survey provided state level estimates on the HIV sero-status of the general population in India and data on demographic and socio-economic determinants for family planning, nutrition, utilization of healthcare and emerging health issues. The second stage of analysis consisted of a set of qualitative interviews conducted in Andhra Pradesh, India. Thirty-three interviews were conducted with female sero-positive patients and ten with HIV-infected women who were providing social services to others with the same condition. Statistical results on social structural determinants of HIV transmission illustrated that Indian women who were formerly married (OR=5.27, CI=3.07-9.04), lived in higher prevalence states (OR=3.48, CI=2.19-5.54), had a low level of education (OR=2.27, CI=1.40-3.68) and were employed (OR=1.45, CI=0.96-2.18) had significantly (<.05) higher odds of being HIV-positive in comparison to those who were not. Findings in the qualitative phase of analysis were similar but participants’ narratives illustrated that their risk of contracting HIV begun before they even had the opportunity to seek a match as they seemed to live in communities with a high level of HIV prevalence. Many of the participants commented that there were factors outside of their sphere of control, e.g. lack of education, which resulted in them having a narrow choice of potential partners. Additionally, statistical results on female participants’ access to healthcare services indicated the vast majority of HIV-positive respondents were almost certainly not aware of their sero-status as they had not undertaken an HIV test prior to the survey. As the sample of female HIV infected respondents was relatively small, it was difficult to ascertain which social factors had an impact on these participants utilisation of HIV testing services. On the other hand, respondents’ narratives from the qualitative stage of research highlighted on social structural factors which could potentially influence WLHA’s continual utilisation of HIV-related healthcare services. It was found that participants experienced the most barriers to accessing healthcare facilities in the initial phases of their treatment. These barriers were mediated by the structure of healthcare services, culturally sanctioned medical practices (e.g. physicians refusal to inform the patient of their sero-status) and quality of services.
30
Bléhaut, Marianne. "Risque industriel, marché immobilier et évaluation des politiques publiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS203.
Анотація:
Cette thèse relève de l’économie urbaine, de l’économie de l’environnement et de l’évaluation des politiques publiques. La première partie (chapitres 1 et 2) est une évaluation empirique de l’impact de la perception du risque industriel sur le marché du logement. Plus précisément, ces chapitres exploitent des méthodes quantitatives initialement élaborées pour l’évaluation des politiques publiques pour mesurer la réaction des marchés immobiliers locaux à deux changements dans la perception des risques industriels. Le chapitre 1 analyse ainsi les conséquences de l’accident d’AZF (Toulouse, 2001), et le chapitre 2 celles de la loi Bachelot (votée en 2003). Ces deux chapitres montrent que l’information additionnelle sur les risques industriels qui a découlé de ces deux événements s’est traduite par une baisse significative des prix immobiliers, de l’ordre de 2 % en moyenne. Cet effet prix suggère que les marchés à risque se trouvaient en situation d’information imparfaite avant ces événements. En outre, ces chocs ont modifié la composition socio-démographique des voisinages exposés au risque industriel. Cette première partie illustre des situations dans lesquelles il n'est pas possible de concevoir des expérimentations contrôlées. Il est donc important d'étudier les propriétés des estimateurs d’appariement sur score de propension, qui sont souvent considérés comme une alternative raisonnable. C'est l'objet de la seconde partie (chapitres 3 et 4) de cette thèse. Le chapitre 3 compare ainsi les performances de deux procédures d'estimation dans le cadre d’un programme d’accompagnement au retour à l’emploi. La première repose sur une expérimentation contrôlée, et la seconde sur un appariement sur score de propension. Dans ce cas, les méthodes d’appariement ne parviennent pas à reproduire les estimations issues de l’expérimentation. Le chapitre 4 propose donc une alternative aux méthodes classiques d’appariement, l'estimateur BEAST, et en illustre les propriétés à partir de simulations et d’études de casThis thesis falls within the scope of urban economics, environmental economics and public policy evaluation. The first part (chapters 1 and 2) is an empirical evaluation of the impact of industrial risk perception on the housing market. More specifically, these chapters rely on quantitative methods originally designed for public policy evaluation to measure the reaction of local housing markets to two changes in industrial risk perception. Chapter 1 analyzes the consequences of the AZF accident (Toulouse, 2001), and chapter 2 the consequences of the Bachelot regulation (passed in 2003). Both chapters show that additional information on industrial risk translated into a significant housing price decrease of about 2% on average. This price effect is consistent with an initial imperfect information setting. In addition, there is some evidence of neighborhood composition changes following these changes. This first part builds on typical examples in which randomized experiments cannot be designed, which lead to questioning the properties of estimators based on propensity score estimation. This is the aim of the second part (chapters 3 and 4) of the thesis. Chapter 3 compares the performances of experimental and non-experimental estimators using the example of a job-search assistance programme. It shows that, in this particular case, matching methods cannot accurately replicate the experimental results. Chapter 4 proposes the BEAST estimator as an alternative to typical propensity score matching, and illustrates its properties on simulations and case studies
31
Malinowska-Sempruch, Kasia. "Hiv among drug users in poland; the paradoxes of an epidemic." Thesis, Columbia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610085.
Анотація:
Since 1988 when the first HIV positive drug user was identified in Poland, for close to two decades, the predominant route of HIV transmission has been through injecting drug use. In mid 2000s, Polish officials reported that injecting drug use no longer contributed to incrasing HIV incidence. The consequences of such a statement are that many of the structural and personal risks associated with HIV infection go unaddressed, that drug users are neglected by HIV prevention efforts, that HIV treatment is not made available to drug users and that the policy environment does not adequately support effective public health initiatives. This case study is based on documentation, archival records, interviews, participant observation, and physical artifacts shows that these assertions were made, and continue to be repeated, in a highly political context. Poland is a post-socialist state with strong neoliberal leanings, and it is highly invested in successful integration with the European Union. Powerful Catholic Church serves as an important backdrop. While people considered "at risk" now have more freedom to conduct their lives, they also have a set of neoliberal expectations and religious pressures placed on them. Country's geographic location adds to this complexity - situated between "Old Europe" where HIV problem has been successfully contained and the former Soviet Union, where the HIV incidence among drug users is the highest in the world, Poland attempts to align itself with the success of the West. Furthermore, examination of the available data suggests that the assertions made by Polish officials omit numerous variables. My research shows that even though Polish leadership in the area of HIV and drug policy wishes to resemble Western Europe, Poland does not meet international standards for the prevention of HIV transmission. The interviews I conducted, as well as the review of the literature on drug and HIV policies and programs suggest that these services are scattered, often unavailable, and that their number is stagnating, at best, and in some cases, even decreasing. This maybe a direct result of lack of engagement of drug users in their design. Excluded from the discussion of risk, drug users are thus not the focus of prevention efforts. Based on gathered data, there are seven crucial issues that require immediate action if Poland is to manage HIV prevention and care for people who use drugs in a manner consistent with the international standards. The areas requiring action are: a change in the drug policy from the current very punitive approach, expansion of needle and syringe programs and other harm reduction services, improved data collection and an increase in the availability of HIV testing, scaled-up substitution treatment, improved quality of other forms of drug treatment, greater investment in civil society organizations, improved access to HIV treatment, and educational and training efforts that encourage greater attention to HIV related matters across disciplines.
32
Saris, Katja. "Application of an appearance-based intervention to improve sun protection outcomes of outdoor workers in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53265/3/Katja_Saris_thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
Outdoor workers are exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and may thus be at greater risk to experience UVR-related health effects such as skin cancer, sun burn, and cataracts. A number of intervention trials (n=14) have aimed to improve outdoor workers’ work-related sun protection cognitions and behaviours. Only one study however has reported the use of UV-photography as part of a multi-component intervention. This study was performed in the USA and showed long-term (12 months) improvements in work-related sun protection behaviours. Intervention effects of the other studies have varied greatly, depending on the population studied, intervention applied, and measurement of effect. Previous studies have not assessed whether: - Interventions are similarly effective for workers in stringent and less stringent policy organisations; - Policy effect is translated into workers’ leisure time protection; - Implemented interventions are effective in the long-term; - The facial UV-photograph technique is effective in Australian male outdoor workers without a large additional intervention package, and; - Such interventions will also affect workers’ leisure time sun-related cognitions and behaviours.
Therefore, the present Protection of Outdoor Workers from Environmental Radiation [POWER]-study aimed to fill these gaps and had the objectives of: a) assessing outdoor workers’ sun-related cognitions and behaviours at work and during leisure time in stringent and less stringent sun protection policy environments; b) assessing the effect of an appearance-based intervention on workers’ risk perceptions, intentions and behaviours over time; c) assessing whether the intervention was equally effective within the two policy settings; and d) assessing the immediate post-intervention effect. Effectiveness was described in terms of changes in sun-related risk perceptions and intentions (as these factors were shown to be main precursors of behaviour change in many health promotion theories) and behaviour.
The study purposefully selected and recruited two organisations with a large outdoor worker contingent in Queensland, Australia within a 40 kilometre radius of Brisbane. The two organisations differed in the stringency of implementation and reinforcement of their organisational sun protection policy. Data were collected from 154 male predominantly Australian born outdoor workers with an average age of 37 years and predominantly medium to fair skin (83%). Sun-related cognitions and behaviours of workers were assessed using self-report questionnaires at baseline and six to twelve months later. Variation in follow-up time was due to a time difference in the recruitment of the two organisations. Participants within each organisation were assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group participants received a one-off personalised Skin Cancer Risk Assessment Tool [SCRAT]-letter and a facial UV-photograph with detailed verbal information. This was followed by an immediate post-intervention questionnaire within three months of the start of the study. The control group only received the baseline and follow-up questionnaire.
Data were analysed using a variety of techniques including: descriptive analyses, parametric and non-parametric tests, and generalised estimating equations. A 15% proportional difference observed was deemed of clinical significance, with the addition of reported statistical significance (p<0.05) where applicable.
Objective 1: Assess and compare the current sun-related risk perceptions, intentions, behaviours, and policy awareness of outdoor workers in stringent and less stringent sun protection policy settings. Workers within the two organisations (stringent n=89 and less stringent n=65) were similar in their knowledge about skin cancer, self efficacy, attitudes, and social norms regarding sun protection at work and during leisure time. Participants were predominantly in favour of sun protection. Results highlighted that compared to workers in a less stringent policy organisation working for an organisation with stringent sun protection policies and practices resulted in more desirable sun protection intentions (less willing to tan p=0.03) ; actual behaviours at work (sufficient use of upper and lower body protection, headgear, and sunglasses (p<0.001 for all comparisons), and greater policy awareness (awareness of repercussions if Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) was not used, p<0.001)). However the effect of the work-related sun protection policy was found not to extend to leisure time sun protection.
Objective 2: Compare changes in sun-related risk perceptions, intentions, and behaviours between the intervention and control group. The effect of the intervention was minimal and mainly resulted in a clinically significant reduction in work-related self-perceived risk of developing skin cancer in the intervention compared to the control group (16% and 32% for intervention and control group, respectively estimated their risk higher compared to other outdoor workers: , p=0.11). No other clinical significant effects were observed at 12 months follow-up.
Objective 3: Assess whether the intervention was equally effective in the stringent sun protection policy organisation and the less stringent sun protection policy organisation. The appearance-based intervention resulted in a clinically significant improvement in the stringent policy intervention group participants’ intention to protect from the sun at work (workplace*time interaction, p=0.01). In addition to a reduction in their willingness to tan both at work (will tan at baseline: 17% and 61%, p=0.06, at follow-up: 54% and 33%, p=0.07, stringent and less stringent policy intervention group respectively. The workplace*time interaction was significant p<0.001) and during leisure time (will tan at baseline: 42% and 78%, p=0.01, at follow-up: 50% and 63%, p=0.43, stringent and less stringent policy intervention group respectively. The workplace*time interaction was significant p=0.01) over the course of the study compared to the less stringent policy intervention group. However, no changes in actual sun protection behaviours were found.
Objective 4: Examine the effect of the intervention on level of alarm and concern regarding the health of the skin as well as sun protection behaviours in both organisations. The immediate post-intervention results showed that the stringent policy organisation participants indicated to be less alarmed (p=0.04) and concerned (p<0.01) about the health of their skin and less likely to show the facial UV-photograph to others (family p=0.03) compared to the less stringent policy participants. A clinically significantly larger proportion of participants from the stringent policy organisation reported they worried more about skin cancer (65%) and skin freckling (43%) compared to those in the less stringent policy organisation (46%,and 23% respectively , after seeing the UV-photograph).
In summary the results of this study suggest that the having a stringent work-related sun protection policy was significantly related to for work-time sun protection practices, but did not extend to leisure time sun protection. This could reflect the insufficient level of sun protection found in the general Australian population during leisure time. Alternatively, reactance caused by being restricted in personal decisions through work-time policy could have contributed to lower leisure time sun protection. Finally, other factors could have also contributed to the less than optimal leisure time sun protection behaviours reported, such as unmeasured personal or cultural barriers. All these factors combined may have lead to reduced willingness to take proper preventive action during leisure time exposure. The intervention did not result in any measurable difference between the intervention and control groups in sun protection behaviours in this population, potentially due to the long lag time between the implementation of the intervention and assessment at 12-months follow-up. In addition, high levels of sun protection behaviours were found at baseline (ceiling effect) which left little room for improvement. Further, this study did not assess sunscreen use, which was the predominant behaviour assessed in previous effective appearance-based interventions trials. Additionally, previous trials were mainly conducted in female populations, whilst the POWER-study’s population was all male. The observed immediate post-intervention result could be due to more emphasis being placed on sun protection and risks related to sun exposure in the stringent policy organisation. Therefore participants from the stringent policy organisation could have been more aware of harmful effects of UVR and hence, by knowing that they usually protect adequately, not be as alarmed or concerned as the participants from the less stringent policy organisation.
In conclusion, a facial UV-photograph and SCRAT-letter information alone may not achieve large changes in sun-related cognitions and behaviour, especially of assessed 6-12 months after the intervention was implemented and in workers who are already quite well protected. Differences found between workers in the present study appear to be more attributable to organisational policy. However, against a background of organisational policy, this intervention may be a useful addition to sun-related workplace health and safety programs.
The study findings have been interpreted while respecting a number of limitations. These have included non-random allocation of participants due to pre-organised allocation of participants to study group in one organisation and difficulty in separating participants from either study group. Due to the transient nature of the outdoor worker population, only 105 of 154 workers available at baseline could be reached for follow-up. (attrition rate=32%). In addition the discrepancy in the time to follow-up assessment between the two organisations was a limitation of the current study.
Given the caveats of this research, the following recommendations were made for future research: - Consensus should be reached to define "outdoor worker" in terms of time spent outside at work as well as in the way sun protection behaviours are measured and reported.
- Future studies should implement and assess the value of the facial UV-photographs in a wide range of outdoor worker organisations and countries.
- More timely and frequent follow-up assessments should be implemented in intervention studies to determine the intervention effect and to identify the best timing of booster sessions to optimise results.
- Future research should continue to aim to target outdoor workers’ leisure time cognitions and behaviours and improve these if possible.
Overall, policy appears to be an important factor in workers’ compliance with work-time use of sun protection. Given the evidence generated by this research, organisations employing outdoor workers should consider stringent implementation and reinforcement of a sun protection policy. Finally, more research is needed to improve ways to generate desirable behaviour in this population during leisure time.
33
McFerran, Ethna. "Health economic evaluation of alternatives to current surveillance in colorectal adenoma at risk of colorectal cancer." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766286.
Анотація:
The thesis provides a comprehensive overview of key issues affecting practice, policy and patients, in current efforts for colorectal cancer (CRC) disease control. The global burden of CRC is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. CRC incidence and mortality rates vary up to 10-fold worldwide, which is thought to reflect variation in lifestyles, especially diet. Better primary prevention, and more effective early detection, in screening and surveillance, are needed to reduce the number of patients with CRC in future1. The risk factors for CRC development include genetic, behavioural, environmental and socio-economic factors. Changes to surveillance, which offer non-invasive testing and provide primary prevention interventions represent promising opportunities to improve outcomes and personalise care in those at risk of CRC. By systematic review of the literature, I highlight the gaps in comparative effectiveness analyses of post-polypectomy surveillance. Using micro-simulation methods I assess the role of non-invasive, faecal immunochemical testing in surveillance programmes, to optimise post-polypectomy surveillance programmes, and in an accompanying sub-study, I explore the value of adding an adjunct diet and lifestyle intervention. The acceptability of such revisions is exposed to patient preference evaluation by discrete choice experiment methods. These preferences are accompanied by evidence generated from the prospective evaluation of the health literacy, numeracy, sedentary behaviour levels, body mass index (BMI) and information provision about cancer risk factors, to highlight the potential opportunities for personalisation and optimisation of surveillance. Additional analysis examines the optimisation of a screening programme facing colonoscopy constraints, highlighting the attendant potential to reduce costs and save lives within current capacity.
34
Terribile, Daniele Regina. "Direito à saúde, meio ambiente de trabalho e transformação social." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3536.
Анотація:
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nesse trabalho analisaremos o direito à saúde no meio ambiente de trabalho da construção civil, através da perspectiva do risco, prevenção e políticas públicas, com ênfase na atividade que expõe o trabalhador à radiação solar e que, por conseguinte, pode ser fator decisivo para o diagnóstico do câncer de pele. As peculiaridades que envolvem o trabalhador exposto à radiação solar são complexas e vão desde a falta de previsão legal do agente radiação solar como insalubre até a dificuldade em se caracterizar o nexo causal câncer de pele como doença ocupacional. A análise estará focada no risco advindo da exposição à radiação e nos seus efeitos legais. Nesse contexto de risco, a prevenção é essencial para concretizarmos o direito à saúde no local de trabalho, e essa extensão do direito à saúde é fruto de uma leitura constitucional, em especial a partir do art. 196 e do art. 7º, inciso XXII, que faz alusão à prevenção no meio ambiente de trabalho. Nesse contexto, as políticas públicas mostram-se como um instrumento garantidor da prevenção às doenças e da concretização do direito à saúde no ambiente de trabalho. Para esse estudo, utilizaremos a teoria dos sistemas sociais como referencial teórico.
In this work we analyze the right to health in the working environment of construction, from the perspective of risk, prevention and public policy, with emphasis on the activity that exposes the worker to solar radiation and therefore can be a decisive factor for diagnosis of skin cancer. The peculiarities involving workers exposed to solar radiation are complex and range from the lack of legal provision Agent solar radiation as unhealthy to the difficulty in characterizing the causation of skin cancer as an occupational disease. The analysis will focus on risk from radiation exposure and its legal effects. In this context of risk, prevention is essential to materialize the right to health in the workplace, and this extension of the right to health is the result of a constitutional reading, especially from the art. 196 and Art. 7, paragraph XXII, which alludes to the prevention in the work environment. In this context, public policies are shown as an instrument guaranteeing the prevention of diseases and the implementation of right to health in the workplace. For this study, we use the theory of social systems as a theoretical framework.
35
Grembo, Nicolas. "Risque industriel et représentation des risques : approche géographique de la représentation du risque industriel majeur en région Poitou-Charentes." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573845.
Анотація:
La prévention des risques industriels s'est renforcée depuis plusieurs années notamment suite à l'accident de l'usine AZF de Toulouse en 2001. Des prescriptions techniques ont été apportées pour cela ainsi qu'une augmentation des contrôles des Inspections des Installations Classées. Le volet de la communication et de l'information a également connu des modifications en particulier avec la loi du 30 juillet 2003 avec la création des PPRT et des CLIC. Ce dernier point (communication et information) va constituer un des éléments de notre travail de thèse car nous portons notre attention sur la représentation des risques industriels majeurs et son action sur la vulnérabilité. Il est question à travers ce travail de comprendre comment se construit et évolue la représentation des risques industriels, quels éléments géographiques la composent, comment les évaluer ?Pour répondre à toutes ces questions, nous avons fait une première observation globale sur l'ensemble des établissements industriels soumis à la directive Seveso II de la région Poitou-Charentes, soit 55 sites. Nous avons rétréci notre échantillon à une dizaine d'établissements pour une seconde observation plus détaillée et plus spécifique suivant l'activité de ceux-ci, l'organisation spatiale de leur lieu d'implantations, les dynamiques et les interactions entre les acteurs du risque industriel et de la relation risques / territoire. Des comparaisons ont été faites suivant ces critères pour en faire ressortir les éléments et les facteurs qui jouent un rôle dans la construction de la représentation du risque industriel. Nous nous sommes donc appuyés sur la relation source du risque / enjeux pour en dégager la représentation des risques puis la vulnérabilité.
36
Mauroux, Amélie. "Au chaud et à l'abri ? Évaluation ex post de deux politiques environnementales mises à l'épreuve du comportement des ménages français." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED062.
Анотація:
Comprendre comment les ménages modifient leurs choix après la mise en place de politiques publiques est indispensable pour apprécier leur efficacité. En effet, des biais dits comportementaux peuvent néanmoins atténuer l’effet attendu de l’action publique. Cette thèse propose une évaluation ex post de deux politiques environnementales en France : un instrument économique, le crédit d’impôt développement durable (CIDD) pour l’amélioration de l’efficacité énergétique des logements, et un instrument réglementaire, les politiques de prévention des risques majeurs. Les chapitres 2 et 3 apportent des éléments d’évaluation sur l’effet incitatif du CIDD suite à un changement de barème et mesure l’ajustement à fois du recours (déclarants additionnels) et des montants déclarés (dépenses additionnelles). Les chapitres 4 à 6 évaluent dans quelle mesure les politiques de prévention des risques naturels et industriels d’information préventive (Information Acquéreur Locataire, IAL) et de maîtrise de l’urbanisme (Plan de Prévention des Risques, PPR) impactent les marchés immobiliers dans les zones à risques, et donc affectent la perception des risques des ménages et leurs choix résidentielsUnderstanding how households adjust their behavior in response to public policies is essential to assess their efficiency. So-called behavioral bias are well-documented and may reduce the expected impact of the public intervention. This thesis carries out an ex post evaluation of two environmental policies in France: an economic incentive, the tax credit on home energy efficiency investments (Crédit d’impôt développement durable, CIDD), and a regulation, the natural and industrial risk prevention policy. Chapters 2 and 3 provide some evidence of the incentive impact of the CIDD after an increase in the tax credit rate. It evaluates the change both in the probability to claim the tax credit (additional participants) and in the amounts spent on energy efficiency (additional investments). Chapters 4 to 6 analyze the extent to which natural and industrial risk prevention policies based on preventive information (sellers’ disclosure, Information Acquéreur Locataire, IAL) and land-use planning (Plan de Prévention des Risques, PPR) impact real estate markets in exposed areas, and thus affect households’ risk perception and their residential choices
37
Serrier, Hassan. "Théories et méthodes d'évaluation du coût social de facteurs de risque professionnels en France : application au cas des cancers d'origine professionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704550.
Анотація:
L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'évaluer le coût social des cancers des voies respiratoires d'origine professionnelle en France. Une synthèse des données épidémiologiques disponibles dans la littérature est réalisée. La méthode des risques attribuables est mobilisée pour estimer les nombres de cas (incidents, prévalents et de décès) de cancers du poumon, des naso-sinus et des mésothéliomes de la plèvre imputables à l'amiante, aux fumées d'échappement des moteurs diesel, aux peintres, à la silice cristalline, aux poussières de bois et aux poussières de cuir. Nous évaluons ensuite le coût que représentent ces cas de cancer pour la société selon la méthode du coût de la maladie. Pour prendre en compte de manière exhaustive les coûts indirects nous développons un arbre de décision permettant d'estimer la probabilité d'être concerné par chaque catégorie de coût. Nous mettons en place des modèles d'évaluations spécifiques des cancers pour chaque catégorie de coût qui nous permettent d'estimer, selon les approches par l'incidence et par la prévalence, les coûts directs (hospitaliers et soins de ville), indirects de morbidité (absentéisme et présentéisme) et de mortalité dans les sphères marchande et non marchande. Pour l'année 2010, le coût social des cancers du poumon, des naso-sinus et des mésothéliomes de la plèvre imputables à l'amiante, aux fumées d'échappement des moteurs diesel, aux peintres, à la silice cristalline, aux poussières de bois et aux poussières de cuir est estimé en France entre 986 et 1 248 millions d'euros selon l'approche par la prévalence et entre 1 223 et 1 586 millions d'euros selon l'approche par l'incidence dont 760 à 806 millions d'euros uniquement pour l'amiante.
38
Ameida, Junior Cesar de. "A segurança e saúde no trabalho no regime CLT e no regime estatutário: uma abordagem do planejamento governamental comparando o tema nos dois regimes." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2636.
Анотація:
A segurança e saúde no trabalho é tema de grande relevância nos dias atuais, sobretudo, em razão do elevado custo financeiro, social e para a saúde dos trabalhadores relacionados aos agravos decorrentes dos riscos existentes nas atividades laborais. Desde a Revolução Industrial e no Brasil desde o fim da escravidão o tema vem progressivamente adquirindo maior importância e chamando a atenção das autoridades públicas. No Brasil a segurança e saúde do trabalho é amplamente abordada e disciplinada na legislação trabalhista através das disposições da Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas – CLT e das Normas Regulamentadoras, emitidas pelo Ministério do Trabalho, bem como de outros instrumentos legais afins. Entretanto, no âmbito do serviço público a realidade é bastante diferente. Apesar de o setor público abrigar diversas atividades que implicam em riscos à saúde e à integridade física de seus trabalhadores, a SST é marcada pela omissão legislativa nesse setor. Enquanto no regime CLT a disciplina legal e regulamentar do tema é bastante satisfatória em termos de abrangência, no serviço público, por sua vez a disciplina do tema resume-se a tratar dos adicionais ocupacionais, deixando de lado importantes programas e medidas que são utilizadas no regime celetista. O objetivo geral deste estudo é propor alternativas para sanar a omissão legislativa e regulamentar sobre saúde e segurança no trabalho no regime jurídico único federal (estatutário). O trabalho foi elaborado com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Discute-se a possibilidade de criação de alternativas para superar a omissão legislativa e regulamentar sobre SST que atinge os trabalhadores do setor público com vistas a garantir maior isonomia no tratamento dos trabalhadores de ambos os regimes, no que diz respeito à proteção de sua saúde e segurança no trabalho.Safety and health at work is a subject which has great relevance nowadays, mainly due to the high financial, social and health costs of workers related to the grieves arising from the existing risks in the work activities. Since the Industrial Revolution, and in Brazil, since the end of slavery the issue has gradually become more important and has been drawing the attention of public authorities. In Brazil, occupational safety and health is widely approached and disciplined in labor legislation through the provisions of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) and the Regulatory Norms issued by the Ministry of Labor, as well as other related legal instruments. However, within the public service the reality is quite different. Although the public sector has several activities that imply risks to the health and physical integrity of its workers, the SHW is marked by the legislative omission in this sector. While in the CLT regime the legal and regulatory discipline of the subject is quite satisfactory in terms of scope, in the public service, in its turn the discipline of the topic boils down to dealing with occupational additional which is paid to those who work in circumstances of risk, leaving aside important programs and initiatives that are used in the private sector. The general objective of this study is to propose alternatives to solve the legislative and regulatory omission on health and safety at work in the federal (statutory) single legal regime. The work was elaborated taking as a base bibliographical and documentary research. The possibility of creating alternatives to overcoming the legislative and regulatory omission of SHW affecting public sector workers is discussed, with a view in ensuring greater equality in the treatment of workers in both regimes with regard to the protection of their health and safety at work.
39
Calvet, Fabrice. "L'appréhension juridique du risque d'érosion côtière." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1194.
Анотація:
L’enjeu de cette étude est d’analyser comment le risque d’érosion côtière est appréhendé d’un point de vue juridique. Ce risque naturel se caractérise par une avancée progressive de la mer sur les terres, appelée à s’accentuer dans les prochaines décennies selon les derniers rapports scientifiques. Cependant, l’on observe que parallèlement à cela, les côtes métropolitaines accueillent une population de plus en plus grandissante ; se produit ainsi la rencontre de deux tendances antinomiques. Dès lors, l’objet de la présente étude est d’observer les conséquences juridiques résultant de cette confrontation. Par conséquent, afin de parvenir à la conciliation de ces différents enjeux, nous allons démontrer l’intérêt de faire évoluer les politiques publiques de gestion de l’érosion côtière en faveur d’une approche intégrée, selon les principes fondamentaux de la GIZC. Notre étude va ainsi proposer une traduction juridique de cette évolutionThe aim of this study is to analyze how the risk of coastal erosion is apprehended at a legal point of view. This natural risk is characterized by a gradual encroachment of the sea on land, intending to grow in the coming decades according to the latest scientific reports. However, it is observed that beside this, the metropolitan coast are home to an increasingly growing population ; so we find the meeting of two contradictory trends. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the legal consequences of this confrontation. So, in order to achieve the reconciliation of these issues, we will demonstrate the importance of the development of public policies for managing coastal erosion in favor of an integrated approach, based on fundamental principles of ICZM. Our study will thus provide a legal expression of this development
40
Daldon, Maria Teresa Bruni. "Processo de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde em vigilância em saúde do trabalhador." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5163/tde-18012013-104545/.
Анотація:
Esta pesquisa, de enfoque qualitativo, buscou compreender o processo de trabalho dos profissionais que atuam em Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador (VST), lotados na Subgerência de Saúde do Trabalhador da Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde (COVISA) e nos Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CRST) da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo. Procurou conhecer as estratégias, recursos e instrumentos utilizados por esses profissionais, além de identificar as ações reais e os significados atribuídos por eles a sua prática. Pretendeu, ainda, dar visibilidade a sua \"inteligência no trabalho\", acreditando que sua experiência e conhecimento podem colaborar para o aprimoramento e desenvolvimento das políticas públicas de saúde/trabalho e de suas próprias ações em (VST). Baseou-se nos referenciais teóricos da psicodinâmica do trabalho e da escola franco-belga da ergonomia. O método seguido foi o \"estudo de caso\". Foram consultados documentos governamentais, legislações e atas de conferências federais, estaduais e municipais, relativos à Saúde Pública no Sistema Único de Saúde e à área de Saúde do Trabalhador, em especial à VST. Foi feito um estudo da bibliografia pertinente à área, produzida entre 1980 e 2011. Esse material foi utilizado como fonte de dados simples e como informação para a compreensão dos referenciais teóricos, políticas e diretrizes que norteiam o trabalho dos profissionais em VST. A coleta de dados de campo partiu de um questionário, respondido pelos profissionais dos serviços em foco, a fim de caracterizar aquelas equipes multiprofissionais. Os dados permitiram fazer um diagnóstico do universo estudado e funcionaram como norteadores para a escolha, por critérios de representatividade, dos 13 profissionais que seriam convidados a participar de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados das entrevistas realizadas foram tratados pelo método de \"análise de conteúdo\", com foco no processo de trabalho, na dinâmica do planejamento, desenvolvimento e avaliação das ações de VST, a partir da percepção dos profissionais que as realizam. Entre os resultados encontrados, verificamos que a VST não é um processo linear, está sujeita a tensões e conflitos de várias naturezas que deveriam ser considerados no estabelecimento dos critérios adotados para sua avaliação, na busca de avanços no alcance dessas ações. Insuficientes processos de reconhecimento e de troca de experiência e a aproximação da aposentadoria da maioria dos profissionais que atuam em VST no município evidenciam a possibilidade de que o \'saber-fazer\" construído se perca. A carência de recursos matérias, humanos e de processos de capacitação podem trazer prejuízos ao trabalho. A forma desordenada como vem sendo acolhida a demanda de acidentes de trabalho no município e o número insuficiente de autoridades sanitárias para atender à essa demanda podem estar comprometendo a qualidade e a capacidade efetiva das ações de VST. Concluímos que a ausência de clareza sobre o papel dos CRST e da área de Saúde do Trabalhador de COVISA, em tempos de Rede Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Trabalhador (RENAST), e a defasagem entre trabalho prescrito e trabalho real, podem estar dificultando a construção de programas efetivos em VST. Com a precariedade de planejamento, avaliações e sistematização, as ações de VST podem estar se distanciando de seu objetivo de prevenção e promoção da saúde.This qualitative research is an attempt to understand working process of public healthcare providers who work in Surveillance of Workers\' Health of the Health Surveillance Coordination and of the Reference Center for Workers\' Health within the city of São Paulo. It has sought to understood the strategies, resources, and tools used by these professionals, in addition to identifying the real actions and the meanings assigned by them for their practice. It Intended to also give visibility to their \"intelligence at work\", believing that their experience and knowledge can contribute to the improvement and development of public health policies/work and their own actions in Surveillance of Workers\' Health. It was developed based on theoretical references of work psychodynamics and those of the French-Belgian school of ergonomics. The methodology used was the \"case study\". Government documents, laws and acts of federal, State and local conferences, relating to Public Health at the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System, and those in the area of Workers\' Health, in particular at the VST, were consulted. A study was made of the relevant bibliography to the area, produced between 1980 and 2011. This material was used as a simple data source, and how to information for the understanding of theoretical references, policies and guidelines that governs the work of professionals in Surveillance of Workers\' Health. The fieldwork started with a questionnaire answered by professionals of services in focus, in order to characterize those multi professional teams. The data allowed making a diagnosis of the universe studied and worked to orient to the choice, by representativeness criteria, of 13 professionals who would be invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data from the interviews were treated by the method of \"content analysis\", with focus on work process, in dynamics of planning, development and evaluation of the actions of Surveillance of Workers\' Health, from the perception of professionals that perform. Among the results, we see that the Surveillance of Workers\' Health is not a linear process, is subject to tensions and conflicts of various natures that should be considered in the establishment of the criteria adopted for its evaluation, in the pursuit of advances in reach of these actions. Considering the insufficient recognition processes and lack of exchange of experience, and adding to that, the approaching retirement of most professionals working in Surveillance of Workers\' Health in the municipality, highlighted the possibility that the \' know-how \' built up could be lost. The lack of human and material resources and of training processes can bring harm to work. The disorderly manner as has being accepted the demand of work-related accidents in the municipality and the insufficient number of health authorities to meet this demand may be compromising the quality and the effective capacity of Surveillance of Workers\' Health. We found that the lack of clarity about the actions of workers health developing by the Reference Center for Workers\' Health and by Health Surveillance Coordination, in times of National Network of Integral Attention to the Health of the Worker, and the lag between prescribed and real work, may be making it difficult to build up effective a Surveillance of Workers\' Health. With the precariousness of planning, evaluation and systematization, the \"Surveillance of Workers\' Health\" actions may be moving away from its goal of prevention and health promotion.
41
Sehume, Odilia Monica Mamane. "Evidence-based guidelines to promote the health and safety of health care workers in selected public hospitals in the Tshwane health care district in Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22602.
Анотація:
Text in EnglishThe purpose of this research was to investigate occupational health and safety challenges and their impact on health care workers (HCWs) in selected public hospitals from the Gauteng Province, South Africa. Method: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs in the study sites. A two-staged sampling that include purposive sampling of study sites and census sampling of 2000 HCWs was used. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data from HCWs. In addition, two different checklists were used to conduct retrospective records reviews to assess occupational health and safety (OHS) policy compliance and occupational injuries and diseases occurrence. The SAS Release 9.3 was used to analyse data. The Fischer Exact test and Chi-square were also used to determine the association of variables and P-value was set at <0.05 to indicate significant association. Results: A total of eight public hospitals and 926 (46.3%) HCWs who were all females nurses participated in this survey. Major occupational health hazards reported by the participants include: needle-stick injuries 275 (54.67%), slips trips and falls 67 (13.32%) and splashes 57 (11.33%). The analysis of open-ended responses indicated increased workloads, long hours of work and shift work as the most reported psychosocial hazards among HCWs. The reviewed records indicated that back injuries 22 (4.37%), tuberculosis (TB) 17 (3.38%) and asthmatic reactions 8 (1.59%) were the commonly reported occupational injuries and diseases among the HCWs. The records review also revealed a lack in the conducting of adequate medical surveillance among participants. The results showed poor compliance with the OHS policy and a negative impact of biological and psychosocial hazards on the HCWs. Conclusion: There was a high risk of exposures to biological hazards whilst providing care to patients, thus warranting the implementation of robust preventive measures. As a result, the guidelines were developed to promote the health and safety of HCWs with a view to promoting policy compliance and preventing the occurrence of occupational injuries and diseases as well as their impact among HCWs.
Health Studies
D.Litt et Phil. (Health Studies)
42
Mahomed, Ozayr Haroon. "A review of the communicable diseases and infection control policy for emergency medical services in the pre-hospital environment in the public health sector in South Africa - 2005." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2382.
43
Huang, Ｔing-I., and 黃廷宜. "Risk Communication in High-tech Policy: A Case Study of Building Central Taiwan Science-based Industrial Park at Howli." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z5v8p3.
Анотація:
碩士世新大學
行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班)
96
The public sector considerably relies on the expert's opinion in environmental decision-making for a long time, but recently public participation and risk communication have become important elements in these processes. However, public opposition and mistrust during risk communication often cripple policy-making processes to a certain degree. For this reason, this research aims to examine the risk communication in building Central Taiwan Science-based Industrial Park at Howli (CTSP, Howli.) and explorer the risk perception of actors in the hi-tech decision-making processes. Qualitative methods, such as interviews and field observation, were conduct to analyze the risk communication and risk perception in the case. The results demonstrate that technocratic incline to neglect public voice in communication processes. Although avenues of public participation have increased in these years, risk communication has not truly improved. Besides, the current policy-making mechanisms still insufficiently facilitate the risk management and lack institutional design for better communication. We concludes that public sector could live up to the spirit of citizen participation through improving transpareny of decision-making process, emboding institutional participation channel, and extending democratic intension of risk communication.
44
Olaleye, Olaitan P. "Effects of Different Methods of Aggregation of Probabilities on the R&d Investment Portfolio for Optimal Emissions Abatement: An Empirical Evaluation." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1007.
Анотація:
This thesis examines two possible orders of combining multiple experts in elicitations with multiple de-composed events: Should experts be combined early or later in the decision process? This thesis is in conjunction with the paper (Baker & Olaleye, 2012) where we show that it is best to combine experts early as later combination leads to a systematic error. We conduct a simulation to more fully flesh out the theoretical model. We also conduct a theoretical analysis aimed at determining how significantly these two methods differ. We find that all results are in accordance with the theory but combining experts later might lead to less error in some cases due to randomness.
We then conduct an empirical evaluation of the two methods using data from a previous study. We show that the experts exhibit some form of correlation. The impact of using the two methods of combining experts is then evaluated using an optimal R&D investment portfolio model. We find that the elicitation inputs have a significant effect on the outcome of the optimal portfolio and that there is an advantage from combining experts early.
45
Pretorius, William Lyon. "The development of a criminological intervention model for the Rosslyn industrial environment in Tshwane, Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19682.
Анотація:
The problem investigated in this research is the ongoing crime threat and the extreme risks which impact negatively on the sustainability of the Rosslyn Industry - the industrial hub of Tshwane in the Gauteng Provence of South Africa. Businesses in Rosslyn are desperate for a solution that will mitigate these crime threats and risks, and ensure the future sustainability of this important industrial community. An intervention model is urgently required to prevent this type of crime, not only as a short term solution but as a sustainable long term intervention.
This research study initiated the collaboration required for the successful implementation of a Crime Prevention Intervention Model (CPIM) in the Rosslyn industrial environment. The intended crime prevention model has been designed in such a way that it addresses the entire environment of crime that prevails in the Rosslyn area involving both the offender and the victim. This design is rooted in the ontology of Environmental Criminology and more specific on the applied epistemology of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
Participants in this project are representatives who are responsible for all security functions in both big businesses and small enterprises. And with their dedicated assistance the research findings disclosed the current crime status of the Rosslyn environment regarding the threat, risk, security vulnerabilities, controls and needs:
• Crime and its causal factors, in Rosslyn, are rife and no noteworthy action has been implemented to mitigate these threats.
• Collaboration between Rosslyn role players (neighbours, local government and law enforcement) is for all purposes non-existent.
• And to complicate matters even more, knowledge of how to effectively mitigate crime is limited and handicapped by the re-active physical security methods currently being used.
• The implication of these findings is that the status quo will eventually render business in Rosslyn unsustainable. Thus a CPIM in Rosslyn is inevitable.
What was crucial to this research and to the CTPED design is the detailed sourcing of accurate data addressing the experiences and the needs the respondents identified in the current Rosslyn crime situation concerning; status, the threat, risk, security, vulnerabilities and controls.
In order to achieve this level of data sourcing and assimilation, the essential features of the research method were based on a mixed approach where quantitative and qualitative methods were implemented in parallel. The diverse fields, sources and respondent mix required for a Rosslyn Industry CPIM also necessitated a MIT (Multi,-Inter,-Trans,-Disciplinary) approach. This MIT requirement is successfully facilitated through the applied criminological CPTED approach.
The CPIM is based on the combined outcomes of the following three research fields:
• Field-one: Environmental criminology theories are researched through an in-depth literature review to demonstrate the criminological grounding of crime prevention and to guide its application through the development of an applied CPTED SUITE.
• Field-two: Supply Chain Security (SCS) are researched through an in-depth literature review to establish its criminological relevance and applications. SCS requirements are identified and built into the Field-Three research process and tested for relevance and for incorporation in the CPTED SUITE.
• Field-three: Based on a mixed research process, using a custom designed Criminological Risk Analyses tool incorporating scheduled interviews and questionnaires, the crime and needs profile of the Rosslyn Industry are uncovered and analysed. The results are filtered through the CPTED SUITE to indicate the correct criminological approach for mitigating the identified problems and needs.
Even though this study takes an applied crime preventative approach, the criminological-philosophical mould of crime prevention is imperative for the effective application of the CPTED. Security and crime prevention training, planning and application, without this approach will remain underdeveloped and outdated.
Finally the underlying intention of this research is for this Crime Prevention Intervention Model (CPIM) to be adapted and implemented and to serve as a guide or a benchmark for security practitioners in any industrial environment that has the same crime threats and crime risk challenges.Criminology and Security Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
46
Naz, Sabrina. "Household air pollution and under-five mortality in South Asia : epidemiology and policies for prevention." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:48488.
Анотація:
Household air pollution (HAP), predominantly from cooking fuel, is a major public health hazard and one of the leading causes of respiratory illness and death among young children under-five years of age. Approximately, 3 billion people still rely on solid fuels (e.g. wood, crop residue, coal, animal dung etc.) for their everyday cooking and heating. Exposure to HAP resulting from indoor smoke from solid fuels is a substantial cause of respiratory illness and death among young children in low and middle-income countries, and globally, more than 2.9 million annual deaths have been attributed to HAP. Very few studies in the South Asian region have addressed HAP related child mortality outcomes, which is an ongoing public health concern. Most of the studies in this region have mainly focused on HAP related morbidity outcomes among young children. This thesis examined the association between HAP from cooking fuel and under-five mortality in South Asia by using nationally representative surveys. Specifically, a series of studies for Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal were conducted in this thesis to investigate the following: (1) to establish the strength of the association between HAP from use of cooking fuel and under-five mortality in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal; (2) to investigate trends in HAP and its impact on under-five mortality over time in South Asia; (3) to identify the role of key environmental and behavioral factors (for example, breastfeeding status, place of residence and location of kitchen) that might affect the level of HAP exposure from use of cooking fuel associated with under-five mortality within South Asian countries; (4) to assess the attributable risk associated with HAP from use of cooking fuel and under-five mortality, and to examine theoretical scenarios assessing the potential impact of interventions to reduce HAP exposure. A series of nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets for Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal were used to address these specific objectives.
47
Kasperczyk, Richard T. "Barriers to systemic work stress prevention in Australian organisations." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29886/.
Анотація:
This thesis addresses the question of why work stress prevention has not been
adopted systemically in organisations, despite some research findings that it is
effective, that it has been mandated by legislative regulations and that it has the
potential for significant cost savings. Work stress is recognised as an increasing and
global problem in terms of negative economic, health and social outcomes. Its
significant costs related to work injury compensation have resulted in growing
pressure from governmental health and safety jurisdictions for organisations to
manage and prevent stress through systemic risk management approaches.
48
Armitage, Gerry R. "Human error theory: relevance to nurse management." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6786.
Анотація:
NoAIM: Describe, discuss and critically appraise human error theory and consider its relevance for nurse managers. BACKGROUND: Healthcare errors are a persistent threat to patient safety. Effective risk management and clinical governance depends on understanding the nature of error. EVALUATION: This paper draws upon a wide literature from published works, largely from the field of cognitive psychology and human factors. Although the content of this paper is pertinent to any healthcare professional; it is written primarily for nurse managers. KEY ISSUES: Error is inevitable. Causation is often attributed to individuals, yet causation in complex environments such as healthcare is predominantly multi-factorial. Individual performance is affected by the tendency to develop prepacked solutions and attention deficits, which can in turn be related to local conditions and systems or latent failures. Blame is often inappropriate. Defences should be constructed in the light of these considerations and to promote error wisdom and organizational resilience. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Managing and learning from error is seen as a priority in the British National Health Service (NHS), this can be better achieved with an understanding of the roots, nature and consequences of error. Such an understanding can provide a helpful framework for a range of risk management activities.
49
Damar, Alita P. "HIV, AIDS and gender issues in Indonesia : implications for policy : an application of complexity theory." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18691.
Анотація:
The aim of the study was to offer solutions for the enhancement of Indonesia’s HIV
and AIDS policy and to suggest future possibilities. In the process, the gendered
nature of the epidemic was explored. In light of the relatively lower rates of
employment among Indonesian women, this study also sought to gain insights into
the possible reasons for many women appearing to be attached to domesticity.
In the first phase of the study, interviews with stakeholders in HIV and AIDS
prevention were conducted, followed by a Delphi exercise involving 23 HIV and
AIDS experts. In the second phase, 28 women from various ethnicities were
interviewed, including those in polygamous and contract marriages. The overall
results were interpreted through the lens of complexity theory.
Fewer than half of the proposed objectives were approved by the experts in the
Delphi round. These were interventions mainly aimed at the risk groups while most
objectives relating to education about HIV and AIDS and safer sex for the general
public failed to obtain consensus. Reasons for the lack of consensus were
differences in perceptions associated with human rights, moral reasoning, the
unfeasibility of certain statements and personal conviction about the control of the epidemic. Emphasis on men’s and women’s innate characteristics; men’s role as
breadwinner; women’s primary role as wife, mother and educator of their children;
and unplanned pregnancies emerged as major themes from the qualitative phase.
While the adat and Islam revival movements may have endorsed the ideals of the
New Order state ideology, Javanese rituals regarded as violating Islam teachings
were abandoned. Ignorance about safer sex and HIV and AIDS was also established. Interpretation of the results through the lens of complexity theory revealed that the
national HIV and AIDS policy needs to encompass interventions for the general
population, which would include comprehensive sex education in schools and
media campaigns focusing on women. It was found that women’s vulnerability to
HIV and their penchant for domesticity appear to be associated with their
perceived primary role as wife and mother, as promoted by the adat-based New Order state ideology.Sociology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)
50
Piontek, Daniela. "Tabakkonsum bei Jugendlichen und erwachsenen Risikopopulationen. Einflussfaktoren und Ansätze zu Prävention und Intervention: Tabakkonsum bei Jugendlichen und erwachsenen Risikopopulationen.Einflussfaktoren und Ansätze zu Prävention und Intervention." Doctoral thesis, 2007. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A18934.
Анотація:
Tabakkonsum bei Jugendlichen und erwachsenen Risikopopulationen.
Einflussfaktoren und Ansätze zu Prävention und Intervention
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Einflussfaktoren des Tabakkonsums bei
verschiedenen Zielgruppen sowie möglichen Ansätzen zur nachhaltigen Beeinflussung des
Rauchverhaltens. Die Arbeit besteht aus insgesamt sechs Manuskripten, die in nationalen und
internationalen Fachzeitschriften publiziert oder zur Publikation angenommen sind. Diese
sechs Beiträge lassen sich zwei Schwerpunkten zuordnen, die inhaltlich die zwei wichtigsten
Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion des Tabakkonsums in der Bevölkerung widerspiegeln: die
Verhinderung des Neueinstiegs in das Rauchen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (Prävention)
sowie die Förderung des Ausstiegs aus dem Rauchen (Intervention). Im ersten Teil wird im
Rahmen eines Reviews sowie zweier Studien untersucht, ob sich verhältnispräventive
Maßnahmen an Schulen auf das Rauchverhalten der Schüler auswirken. Im zweiten Teil
untersuchen drei Studien die Motivation zur Verhaltensänderung, die Inanspruchnahme von
Hilfsangeboten bzw. die Effektivität von Tabakentwöhnung bei Rauchern mit einer
Alkoholabhängigkeit, Müttern in der Mutter-Kind-Rehabilitation sowie Patienten mit
tabakassoziierten körperlichen Erkrankungen.„Smoking in adolescents and adult risk populations. Factors of influence and approaches concerning prevention and intervention” This dissertation is concerned with factors influencing the smoking behaviour of different target groups and potential approaches for lasting changes of these behaviours. The dissertation consists of six manuscripts that are published or accepted for publication in national and international peer-reviewed journals. These six papers refer to two main emphases that reflect the two most important possibilities to reduce tobacco consumption in the population: Prevention of smoking initiation in children and adolescents (prevention), and support for smoking cessation (intervention). In the first part of the dissertation, a literature review and two empirical studies assess the influence of school tobacco policies on the smoking behaviour of students. In the second part, three empirical papers examine motivation to change, utilisation and effectiveness of smoking cessation in smokers with an alcohol dependence, mothers in mother-child rehabilitation and patients with smoking-related physical diseases.