Дисертації з теми "Industrial emission"
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Crowther, Timothy Guy. "Application of chemical acoustic emission to industrial processes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29804.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
Al-Fawaz, Abdullah Daifullah. "High efficiency, low emission oil and gas-fired industrial combustors." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289804.
Повний текст джерелаLindqvist, Jonas, and Linus Lund. "Emission allowance origination and trading : How does it affect ABB and its Group Treasury Operations?" Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Production Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16570.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of the thesis is to determine how ABB’s treasury department (GTO) should respond to an increasing awareness and interest in the carbon credit markets. Emission caps have been introduced on national levels and also for certain industries in Europe as a consequence of the Kyoto Protocol. This allows for trading of certain carbon credits as well as for the creation of new credits. ABB is a company which has many solutions for efficient energy use; solutions that aim to reduce electricity cost and in the prolongation also emissions. The awareness of the carbon market is growing within ABB, but no carbon credit generating projects have been completed and the initiatives are scattered. The thesis describes the Kyoto Protocol and its implementation within EU, the markets available for trading by companies as well as what instruments and derivatives exist. With the underlying regulations described an empirical study of ABB’s involvement is conducted. The study shows that ABB has few installations with emissions caps and that the potential for generating new credits as a way to increase profit is quite big. However, there have been no carbon generating projects registered up to this point and there are many barriers to overcome before ABB receives any carbon credits.To ensure a thorough analysis, a model of factors affecting ABB’s carbon credit involvement is formed. The model is based on the available literature on the subjects organizational performance, transfer pricing, project- and financial risk and risk management.GTO’s immediate response should be to set up a pool to which subsidiaries with compliance requirements are to send their carbon credits. The pool will then redistribute the credits so that each subsidiary’s needs are fulfilled and finally settle the net remainder on the open market. A unit independent of GTO, called Group Carbon Operations (GCO) in the thesis, should be formed in the near future with responsibility to actively follow the progress of CDM pilot projects and to facilitate their implementation. Depending on the outcome of these pilot-projects ABB can then either, in case of a negative outcome, quickly end the direct CDM involvement and reach closure or, in case of a positive outcome, further develop the GCO department to profit from ABBs involvement in the CDM market. In case of a positive outcome, the GTO should be further involved regarding risk handling and internal pricing.
Leggett, Suzanne McCarthy. "Volatile organic compound emission reduction strategies for industrial printing and coating processes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264655.
Повний текст джерелаMedalha, Giuliano Cardozo. "Nova metodologia para monitoramento dimensional de peças, em processo, utilizando uma retificadora cilíndrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-10042017-154137/.
Повний текст джерелаMost of the industries today use their machine operators to make the Workpiece dimensional verification. For this task they generally chose samples, doing manual inspection, or use automatic measuring devices in a whole lot. These procedures can implies in loss of time, a high investment, what may raise the costs of the final product. This work proposes a new methodology for in-process workpiece gagging, using a grinding machine associated with intelligent functions. The technology of an incremental rotational optical encoder and an external counter chip are used to perform the wheel head position monitoring. Using a NC (Numerical Control) coordinate system associated with AE (Acoustic Emission) inspection it was possible to get the position of the grinding wheel from the start of the grinding cycle until the first contact with the workpiece. The errors associated with the grinding machine deformation and wheel wear are considered and compensated. Thus, it is possible to measure the dimension and the run out of the workpiece, generated by a previous operation, with enough precision. This system may help to reduce the scrap leveI and the overall production time, creating a differential for process reliability and automation.
Bauner, David. "Towards a sustainable automotive industry : experiences from the development of emission control systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell dynamik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4630.
Повний текст джерелаSedan mitten av 1970-talet har utsläppen av kolmonoxid, kolväten och kväveoxider från bensindrivna personbilar reducerats genom samordnad utveckling av lagstiftning och kommersiell introduktion av katalytisk avgasrening, som nu är en del av hundratals miljoner bilar, lastbilar och bussar över hela jorden. Denna avhandling är en disaggregerad studie av den i det närmaste globala introduktionen av katalytisk avgasrening för fordon, som åtgärd för att minska lokala luftföroreningar. Introduktionen av ”trevägskatalysatorn” för bensinbilar studeras i fyra länder. Pågående innovation för dieselavgasrening studeras. Teknisk förändring analyseras med avseende på innovationsprocessen, innovationssystemet och dess respektive intressenter. Resultaten används för att analysera konsekvenser för styrmedel för att åtgärda miljöproblem i vardande. Fordonskatalys är ett exempel på en miljömotiverad innovation, inklusive problemdefinition, lagkrav, företagens marknadsstrategier och marknadspåverkan, innovation, utbud och urval, tekniköverföring, storskalig spridning samt den fortlöpande ömsesidiga utvecklingen av teknik och policy för att reducera emissioner. Gemensamma nämnare för exempel på lyckosamma introduktionsprocesser är en inkluderande dialog kring etappvisa lagkrav, internationell konkurrens, stöd och samarbete i internationella nätverk samt en tydlig opinion för förändring. Introduktionen av trevägskatalysatorn var och är komplex och beroende av lokal kontext och regionala villkor. Kommande ”globala” teknikförändringar måste utvecklas med en förståelse för varje enskild nation eller marknad och dess specifika barriärer och drivkrafter för miljömotiverad innovation. Givet intressenter och tekniska utmaningar i olika teknologiska regimer med potential att reducera klimatförändringar är ökad bränsleeffektivisering och introduktion av s.k. plug-in-hybrider möjliga utvecklingsvägar för hållbar mobilitet.
Desde los años 70 y adelante, la contribución a la polución atmosférica de emisiones de monóxido de carbono, hidrocarburos y óxidos de nitrógeno proveniente de la combustión de los autos a gasolina, ha sido mitigado, por co-evolución entre regulación e introducción comercial de sistemas catalíticos de control de emisiones. Esos sistemas ahora forman parte de cientos de millones de autos, camiones y buses en todo el mundo. La presente tesis es un estudio desagregado de la introducción cerca de global de sistemas de control de emisiones catalíticos, como medida para reducir la contaminación atmosférica local. Se examina el proceso de introducción del convertidor catalítico “de tres vías” para autos a gasolina en cuatro países. Se estudia la innovación presente en el área de sistemas de control de emisiones de motores diesel. El cambio tecnológico es analizado viendo el proceso y el sistema de innovación y los distintos grupos de interés. Los resultados se usan para analizar las implicaciones en cuanto a innovación y política de regulación para enfrentar los desafíos medioambientales actuales. Catálisis automotriz es un ejemplo de innovación motivado ambientalmente, incluyendo definición del problema, regulación pública, estratégicas corporativas dentro y fuera de mercado, variedad, selección, transferencia de tecnología, difusión masiva y la coevolución continuo entre política de reducción de emisiones y desarrollo tecnológico. Denominaciones comunes para innovaciones exitosas, tecnológicas o de mercado, son un diálogo dinámico sobre planes de regulación estructurados en etapas, competición internacional, apoyo y coordinación de redes internacionales, y opinión local beneficiario. La introducción global del catalizador de tres vías fue compleja y altamente relacionada con el contexto local y condiciones locales, sugiriendo que estrategias “globales” de innovación y regulación para tratar los desafíos de hoy y mañana deben ser diseñados con entendimiento de factores locales a favor y en contra para innovación ambientalmente motivado. Dado los grupos de interés, los desafíos tecnológicos y las trayectorias presentes en el área de mitigación del cambio climático, se concluye que el aumento de uso eficiente de combustible y la introducción de vehículos híbridos enchufables (plug- in) son alternativas viables para el transporte sustentable.
(japanese) 1970年代の中頃から今日に至るまで,先進国においては,自動車触媒技術の導入と規制との相互作用によって、ガソリン乗用車から排出される一酸化炭素CO,炭化水素HC,窒素酸化物NOxによる大気汚染への寄与率は減少している。現在では、この自動車触媒はディーゼル乗用車、トラックやバスなどを含めて何億台もの自動車で使われている。 この論文は,各地域での大気汚染を解決する手段としての触媒の地球規模での導入に関する調査研究である。ガソリン乗用車への三元触媒導入の過程を4か国比較で行うと共に,現在取り組まれているディーゼル機関の排出ガス制御についても研究した。これらの例の技術革新について、その内容を、技術革新に係る利害関係者(ステークスホルダー)の観点から技術の変革について分析した。これらの結果から,将来の環境問題に対応するためのイノベーションと規制に関する政策への示唆を行なった。 自動車用触媒は,問題定義,規制,市場原理に基づくないしは市場原理に基づかない戦略,開発,多様性,選択,技術移転,技術普及,そして今もなお進化する排出ガス削減に関する規制(政策)と技術開発との相乗効果,等々を含んだ「環境保護に起因する技術革新」の良い例である。 技術革新、および普及の成功例に共通していることは, 1. 構造的かつ段階的な「目標へのロードマップ」を巡る相方向の会話, 2. 国際競争力, 3. 国際的ネットワークによるサポート, 4. 地域社会に支持された意見, 等が挙げられる。 三元触媒の導入はほぼ全世界に及ぶが,その過程は複雑で、地域(国)の事情に強く依存する。つまり、現在または未来の、各国(地域的)または地球規模の問題に焦点を当てた「世界的」技術革新や規制戦略は、地域よって異なる障害の存在や、環境保護の視点に立った技術革新を推進する潜在力への理解なしには成り立たないことを意味するのである。 気候変動を緩和するための様々な技術体系からの技術的挑戦および関係者(ステークスホルダー)の意見を考慮すると,燃費向上とプラグイン・ハイブリッドの導入が,交通部門における持続可能な発展への道のりであると言える。
QC 20100517
Zhang, Fu-Li. "An experimental and theoretical study of new phosphors for full color field emission displays." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31003.
Повний текст джерелаJofred, Petter, and Peder Öster. "CO2 Emissions from Freight Transport and the Impact of Supply Chain Management : A case study at Atlas Copco Industrial Technique." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36060.
Повний текст джерелаAbaad, Abdelmanam. "Design, techno-economic and environmental risk assessment of aero-derivative industrial gas turbine." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7929.
Повний текст джерелаPitkäaho, S. (Satu). "Catalytic oxidation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds, dichloromethane and perchloroethylene:new knowledge for the industrial CVOC emission abatement." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526201672.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Klooratuille orgaanisille hiilivedyille (CVOC) on asetettu tiukat päästörajoitukset niiden haitallisten vaikutusten takia. Tästä johtuen myös puhdistusmenetelmien tulee olla tehokkaita. Katalyyttinen puhdistus on teknologia, jolla nämä usein vaikeasti käsiteltävät yhdisteet voidaan taloudellisesti tuhota. Käytettävien katalyyttien tulee olla aktiivisia ja selektiivisiä sekä hyvin kestäviä. Tässä työssä tutkittiin yhteensä 33 erilaista γ-Al2O3-pohjaista hapetuskatalyyttiä metyleenikloridin (DCM) käsittelyssä, niistä 25 testattiin myös perkloorietyleenin (PCE) hapetuksessa. Aktiivisina metalleina katalyyteissä käytettiin platinaa, palladiumia, rhodiumia ja vanadiinia yksin tai seoksina. Katalyytit jaettiin kolmeen ryhmään: teolliset-, CVOC- ja tutkimuskatalyytit. Aktiivisuuskokeiden lisäksi katalyyttejä karakterisoitiin ICP-OES-, fysiorptio-, kemisorptio-, XRD-, UV-vis DRS-, isotooppivaihto-, IC-, NH3-TPD-, H2-TPR- ja FESEM-EDS-pintatutkimusmenetelmillä. Koetulokset osoittivat, että vanadiini paransi teollisuuskatalyyttien aktiivisuutta ja selektiivisyyttä. VOC-yhdisteen tai veden lisäys paransi DCM:n hapettumista, mutta PCE:n hapettumiseen niillä ei ollut vaikutusta. Testien perusteella kehitettiin CVOC-katalyytit, jotka asennettiin teolliseen polttolaitokseen. Laboratoriossa ja teollisuudessa tehdyissä testeissä havaittiin, että DCM:n hapettuminen oli laboratoriokokeiden perusteella ennustettavissa. Sen sijaan PCE hapettui teollisuudessa aina paljon paremmin kuin laboratorio-olosuhteissa. Tämä osoittaa, että muuttuvat hapettumisolosuhteet vaikuttivat positiivisesti PCE:n hapettumiseen. Veden määrä syöttövirrassa optimoitiin 1,5 %:iin ennen tutkimuskatalyyttien testausta. Selektiivisyyden lisäksi vesi paransi DCM:n ja PCE:n konversiota. Hapettomissa olosuhteissa, ts. tuhoavien adsorptiokokeiden aikana, vesi paransi reaktion selektiivisyyttä HCl:ksi ja CO2:ksi vielä entisestään. Tämän lisäksi vesi lisäsi katalyytin stabiilisuutta. DCM:n hapetuksessa aktiivisen metallin lisäys paransi selektiivisyyttä, mutta sen sijaan vaikutus DCM:n konversioon oli hyvin pieni. Tulokset osoittivat, että aktiivisella DCM:n hapetuskatalyytillä tulee olla korkea happamuus ja hyvä pelkistyvyys. Pt/Al2O3 oli testatuista tutkimuskatalyyteistä aktiivisin. PCE:n hapetuksessa aktiivisen metallin lisäys paransi selektiivisyyden lisäksi huomattavasti myös konversiota. Katalyytin lisääntyneen pelkistymiskyvyn todettiin olevan keskeisin ominaisuus PCE:n hapettumisessa. Pt/Al2O3-CeO2 ja Pd/Al2O3-CeO2 olivat tutkimuskatalyyteistä aktiivisimpia
Svedberg, Urban. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Industrial Hygiene Applications : Assessment of Emissions from and Exposures in Wood Processing Industries." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4225.
Повний текст джерелаGalyas, Éva. "Concentrations of lead, copper and zinc in forest soils near industrial areas." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40363.
Повний текст джерелаTeles, Diógenes Barbosa. "Projeto e validação de válvula industrial do tipo esfera para baixa emissão fugitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134891.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years is remarkable worldwide concern over control rates fugitive emissions in equipment installed in the oil and gas industry. The loss of production and environmental impact, leads segment companies to seek more efficient projects, mainly with respect to industrial valves, which are devices used for fluid management with the function to block, to direct or to control the flow of fluent product in an industrial plant. Fugitive emissions are leaks of chemicals which present themselves to atmosphere in a manner unexpected or undesired in equipment. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a model of industrial ball valve design for applications requiring low fugitive emissions. Initially were identified and assessed the requirements of ISO 15848-1 standard, how much to the appropriate tests to be executed on the prototype of block valve for qualification. It was possible to develop a test procedure. It was made the design of the seals systems for a ball valve prototype, type Top Entry, Trunnion, NPS 4", pressure class CL600. Was used API 6D, ASME B16.34 and NBR 15827 as construction standards. A prototype of this equipment has manufactured and used in the realization of design qualification tests. Were performed opening and closing cycles of the valve plug by using the maximum working pressure conform construction standards and was used Helium gas as test fluid. The tests were performed in a valve cycling chamber instrumented with a Helium mass spectrometer, where it was possible to monitor and record the test data as: leaks, number of cycles, pressure, temperature and torque for the valve actuators. The results obtained with respect to the ISO 15848-1 standard requirements were: number of cycles 2500 attending to CO3, classification leakage Class B, qualification temperature of -29 ° C to 200 ° C. It was also performed the qualification Fire Test ISO 10497 standard as a complement. In conclusion, this work has reached the pre-established objective about the approval of the prototype and contributed to the preservation of the environment, because the conception of effective projects that minimize pollution rates to the atmosphere, contributes to the preservation of ecosystems.
Khenaifes, Maurício. "Investigação de novas ferramentas estatísticas e utilização de microcontrolador no monitoramento da queima na retificação plana tangencial /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90807.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: In modern industry, the accuracy and cost are extremely important to the quality of product and market competition. The development of faster dynamic and robust systems by applying control techniques is the goal of researchers of all engineering areas. The grinding process is a complex system which contains many related variables mainly because its multiple cutting edges associated with high speed and power. In order to improve the knowledge on the process, acoustic emission and power signals have been monitored in several research investigations. In this work, surface grinding tests with ABNT 1020 steel and aluminum oxide grinding wheel were carried out in which the burning occurrence as well as the onset of it were studied. This was done by varying the depth of cut and maintaining the other grinding parameters constant, including the grinding wheel surface through the dressing operation. Acoustic emission and electrical power signals were acquired during a single grinding pass of the grinding wheel over the work-piece at 2.5 million of samples per second rate. The signals were digitally processed through many statistic algorithms among which new parameters for burn detection have been proposed. Also, the onset of burning occurrence was observed and remarkably detected for the proposed parameter dubbed VARPO. In addition, a study on microcontrollers was performed, and the implementation of the algorithms previously mentioned were carried out into the microcontroller PIC18F452, showing the monitoring feasibility.
Orientador: Paulo Roberto de Aguiar
Coorientador: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi
Banca: Paulo José Amaral Serni
Banca: Leonardo Roberto da Silva
Mestre
Nisal, Tejas V. "Monitoring of Surface Grinding process using Acoustic Emission (AE) with emphasis on Cutting Fluid selection." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1404341563.
Повний текст джерелаKhenaifes, Maurício [UNESP]. "Investigação de novas ferramentas estatísticas e utilização de microcontrolador no monitoramento da queima na retificação plana tangencial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90807.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Auto Financiadora
Na indústria moderna, a precisão e o custo são fundamentais para a qualidade do produto e competitividade no mercado. Desenvolver sistemas mais velozes, dinâmicos e autoajustáveis aplicando técnicas de controle é um objetivo dos pesquisadores de todas as áreas da engenharia. A retificação de materiais é um sistema complexo que possui muitas variáveis relacionadas, principalmente por possuir múltiplas arestas de corte associado a altas velocidades e potências de retificação. Para aumentar o domínio sobre o processo, sinais de emissão acústica e de potência de acionamento do rebolo têm sido monitorados em várias pesquisas. Nesse trabalho foram realizadas experiências utilizando a retificação plana tangencial com o aço ABNT 1020 e rebolo de óxido de alumínio, onde foi determinado a ocorrência e o início da queima através da variação da profundidade de corte, tendo-se o cuidado de manter os outros parâmetros constantes, inclusive a superfície de corte do rebolo através da operação de dressagem. Os sinais de emissão acústica e de potência elétrica foram adquiridos durante uma passada do rebolo sobre a peça, numa taxa de 2.5 milhões de amostras por segundo, e pro cessados através de um ferramental matemático, onde foram propostos outros parâmetros, para a análise da ocorrência da queima. Observou-se também a detecção do início da queima, onde o parâmetro proposto VARPO obteve bons resultados. Paralelamente foi realizado um estudo sobre os microcontroladores, onde foram inseridos os cálculos de detecção da queima do processo de retificação num PIC18F452, mostrando a viabilidade de um monitoramento.
In modern industry, the accuracy and cost are extremely important to the quality of product and market competition. The development of faster dynamic and robust systems by applying control techniques is the goal of researchers of all engineering areas. The grinding process is a complex system which contains many related variables mainly because its multiple cutting edges associated with high speed and power. In order to improve the knowledge on the process, acoustic emission and power signals have been monitored in several research investigations. In this work, surface grinding tests with ABNT 1020 steel and aluminum oxide grinding wheel were carried out in which the burning occurrence as well as the onset of it were studied. This was done by varying the depth of cut and maintaining the other grinding parameters constant, including the grinding wheel surface through the dressing operation. Acoustic emission and electrical power signals were acquired during a single grinding pass of the grinding wheel over the work-piece at 2.5 million of samples per second rate. The signals were digitally processed through many statistic algorithms among which new parameters for burn detection have been proposed. Also, the onset of burning occurrence was observed and remarkably detected for the proposed parameter dubbed VARPO. In addition, a study on microcontrollers was performed, and the implementation of the algorithms previously mentioned were carried out into the microcontroller PIC18F452, showing the monitoring feasibility.
Swankie, William. "Effects of Temperature on the Emission Rate of Formaldehyde from Medium Density Fiberboard in a Controlled Chamber." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6960.
Повний текст джерелаXiang, Yang. "Analyse dynamique en champ proche de la contribution des sources de composés organiques volatils, en région urbaine sous influence industrielle." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0408.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, sources apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) has been the subject of a great numbers of studies, in order to determine their contributions to atmospheric pollution. However, the dynamical behavior of atmosphere, within its micro-meteorological scale, has never been taken into account in the sources-receptor approach, yet it is the main factor to interpret near-field physic-chemical measurements of air pollution, in an urban area under industrial influences. The complexity of such a study area results from not only the emission modes and the various industrial activities, but also the meteorological phenomenon in multi-scale, which influences the dispersion and transport in a small scale (tipically several kilometers). With measurements of 85 VOC (including 23 oxygenated VOC) during several months, we have developed an innovative methodology, associating the results of the PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) modeling and the meteorological parameters, in order to identify the sources and to understand their dynamical behaviors. By introducing the vertical turbulence for the first time in this kind of analysis, the temperature and the solar radiation, as parameters of factor analyses, two behaviors have been distinguished, leading to identify the emissions near ground and in the upper part of surface layer. In this way, we have labeled the sources according to their nature as well as their emission mode, and we have highlighted the aged air mass containing secondary pollutants
van, der Kamp Jonathan [Verfasser]. "Social cost-benefit analysis of air pollution control measures - Advancing environmental-economic assessment methods to evaluate industrial point emission sources / Jonathan van der Kamp." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2017. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
Повний текст джерелаKeinz, Jan. "Optimization of a Dry Low NOx Micromix Combustor for an Industrial Gas Turbine Using Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277234.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Maihani, Binti Ismail. "PUBLIC HEALTH RISK BASED PRIORITIZATION OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES : A CASE STUDY FOR A PETROLEUM REFINERY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263643.
Повний текст джерелаRastan, Soheil. "Development and validation of a novel surface emission sampler for in-situ characterization of sources of indoor air pollution in non-industrial microenvironments : Soheil Rastan." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111837.
Повний текст джерелаLowea, D. "Methods of non-destructive testing." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14600.
Повний текст джерелаSuopajärvi, H. (Hannu). "Bioreducer use in blast furnace ironmaking in Finland:techno-economic assessment and CO₂ emission reduction potential." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207063.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Suurin osa maailmassa tuotetusta teräksestä valmistetaan integroidulla masuuni-konvertteri reitillä, joka perustuu neitseellisten raaka-aineiden käyttöön. Masuuniprosessissa käytetään suuri määrä fossiilisia, lähinnä hiilipohjaisia pelkistimiä, jotka aiheuttavat hiilidioksidipäästöjä ilmakehään. Fossiilisia hiilidioksidipäästöjä voidaan teräksenvalmistuksessa vähentää uusilla teknologioilla tai siirtymällä uusiutumattomista energialähteistä uusiutuviin. Biomassasta valmistetut pelkistimet voisivat olla yksi mahdollinen keino alentaa masuunipohjaisen teräksenvalmistuksen ominaispäästöjä. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli tarkastella biopelkistimien käytön teknistaloudellista potentiaalia masuunikäytössä ja aikaansaatavia hiilidioksidipäästövähenemiä eri systeemirajauksilla. Työssä keskityttiin tarkastelemaan biopelkistimien hyödynnettävyyttä lähinnä Suomen tasolla, vaikka käytetyt tutkimusmetodit ovat sovellettavissa myös laajemmin. Työssä arvioitiin biopelkistimien metallurgisia ominaisuuksia, niiden vaikutusta masuuniprosessiin ja laajemmin muihin terästehtaan prosesseihin, pääpainon ollessa saavutettavan CO₂ päästövähenemän tarkastelussa. Työssä tarkasteltiin biopelkistimien valmistuksen CO₂ päästöjä, energiankulutusta ja tuotantokustannuksia sekä energiapuun saatavuutta biopelkistimien tuotantoon. Tulokset osoittavat, että biomassasta voidaan valmistaa kiinteitä, nestemäisiä ja kaasumaisia pelkistimiä termokemiallisilla konversioteknologioilla, joiden soveltuvuus masuunikäyttöön vaihtelee suuresti. Masuuniprosessissa suurin fossiilisten pelkistimien korvaavuus saavutetaan käyttämällä puuhiili-injektiota. Torrefioidun puun, puuhiilen ja Bio-SNG:n hiilijalanjälki on varsin maltillinen verrattuna fossiilisiin pelkistimiin ja niiden tuotanto on energeettisesti järkevää. Biopelkistimien taloudellinen kannattavuus verrattuna fossiilisiin pelkistimiin on tällä hetkellä heikko, mutta kilpailukykyinen verrattuna muihin CO₂ päästöjen vähennyskeinoihin, kuten hiilidioksidin talteenottoon ja -varastointiin. Energiapuun saatavuus biopelkistimien valmistukseen on suurin alueilla, jotka sijaitsevat lähellä Suomen terästehtaita. Biopelkistimien tuotannon kannattavuutta voitaisiin parantaa tuottamalla useita tuotteita ja hyödyntämällä prosessi-integraatiota
Feizaghaei, Roozbeh. "Improving climate performance of cement production : Developing an assessment framework and applying it to a CEMEX cement production cluster in Germany." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73643.
Повний текст джерелаIn relation with LIU-CEMEX Indsutrial Ecology project (2011)
Montali, Eliza Frattini. "Emissões atmosfericas industriais = uma proposta de indicadores de pressão." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267069.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T13:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Montali_ElizaFrattini_M.pdf: 2306207 bytes, checksum: 80f89aa9a4564cc731db710a794c8ed4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Dentro da gestão ambiental, os indicadores são ferramentas essenciais para a avaliação do desempenho ambiental. Por ser um tema amplo, o indicador ambiental normalmente é subdividido em três tipos: indicadores operacionais, indicadores de condição ambiental, e indicadores gerenciais. O presente trabalho enfoca as emissões atmosféricas da indústria química brasileira, propõe indicadores operacionais para este tipo de poluição e seus efeitos. O objetivo é propor indicadores que condizem com a realidade do país e possam ser aplicados em processos produtivos. Foram desenvolvidos Indicadores de Desempenho Ambiental (IDA) que quantificam o consumo de recursos naturais energéticos e os poluentes primários ou secundários emitidos, expressos em massa de poluentes em relação ao nível de atividade da fonte, e Indicadores de Impacto Ambiental (IIA), expresso em massa de poluentes por ano. Os indicadores de emissão atmosférica utilizam dados quantitativos de emissões e de produção e foram elaborados para poluentes primários: monóxido de carbono, compostos orgânicos voláteis, óxidos de nitrogênio, óxidos de enxofre. Além dos poluentes primários são contemplados indicadores para os efeitos da poluição como acidificação, potencial de formação de ozônio troposférico, potencial de destruição de ozônio estratosférico e o efeito estufa
Abstract: Within the environmental management, the indicators are essential tools for assessment of environmental performance. Because it is a broad topic, the environmental indicator is usually divided into three types: operational indicators, indicators of environmental condition, and management indicators. This paper focuses on atmospheric emissions of the chemical industry in Brazil, proposes operational indicators for this type of pollution and its effects. The goal is to propose indicators that are consistent with the reality of the country and can be applied in production processes. Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) have been developed that measure the consumption of natural resources and energy and the primary or secondary pollutants emitted, expressed in mass of pollutants in relation to the activity level of the source, and Indicators of Environmental Impact Assessment (IIA), expressed in mass of pollutants per year. Indicators of air emission use quantitative data of emissions and production and are designed for primary pollutants: carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. In addition to the primary pollutants are covered indicators for the effects of pollution such as acidification, ozone formation potential, potential of depleting stratospheric ozone, and greenhouse effect
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
YANG, Jinmei. "Projection of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Generation in Chinese Metropolises with Consumption and Regional Economic Models." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/85389.
Повний текст джерелаKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14928号
工博第3155号
新制||工||1473(附属図書館)
27366
UT51-2009-M842
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻
(主査)教授 松岡 譲, 教授 森澤 眞輔, 准教授 倉田 学児
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Lopes, Flávio José Marques. "Legal compliance of atmospheric emissions in industrial sources." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8531.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloped under the scope of the emissions control, this work is intended to evaluate and analyze the emissions of atmospheric pollutants by industrial sources. Considering the impact of the atmospheric emissions in the environment and in the human health and welfare, it’s of major importance the evaluation of the compliance of the industrial atmospheric emissions. Along the treatment of the data base it was possible to observe that still there’s a high fraction of industries that are far from the desirable limit standards. To better evaluate the results obtained from the measurements of the industrial sources it’s presented a review of the National legislation and it revisions along the years. Analyzing the results from the emission sources for the several parameters is possible to conclude that there’s still much space to improve and to spread the monitoring of industrial atmospheric emissions in the Portuguese territory. It’s from the interest of all that this kind of works, that provide a resumed overview of the efficiency of the emission control tools in Portugal, help to reflect and promote a discussion around the new pathways that the national and international legislations need to follow.
Desenvolvido no âmbito do controle de emissões, este trabalho destina-se a avaliar e a analisar as emissões de poluentes atmosféricos por fontes industriais. Considerando o impacto das emissões atmosféricas no ambiente e na saúde humana e bem-estar, é de grande importância a avaliação da conformidade das emissões atmosféricas industriais. Ao longo do tratamento da base de dados foi possível observar que ainda há uma elevada fracção de indústrias que estão longe dos padrões limite desejáveis. Em alguns casos estas excedências estão relacionadas a um comportamento de negligência ou por desconhecimento. Para melhor avaliar os resultados obtidos a partir das medições das fontes industriais é apresentada uma observação sobre a legislação nacional e das suas revisões ao longo dos anos. Analisando os resultados das fontes de emissão para os vários parâmetros é possível concluir que há ainda muito espaço para melhorar e difundir a monitorização das emissões atmosféricas industriais no território Português. É do interesse de todos que este tipo de pesquisas, que proporcionam uma visão resumida da eficiência das ferramentas de controlo das emissões em Portugal, ajude a reflectir e a promover uma discussão em torno dos novos caminhos que a legislação nacional e internacional precisa de seguir.
Kassinis, Georgios Ioannis. "Towards an improved procedure for estimating industrial-pollutant emissions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67413.
Повний текст джерелаZanetti, Cristian. "Valutazione del contributo emissivo in condizioni non-stazionarie alle emissioni totali di una stufa a pellet domestica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9023/.
Повний текст джерелаPIRES, LUIZ E. B. "Avaliação e identificação da toxidade (Toxicity Identification Evaluation - TIE) do efluente líquido do pólo industrial de Belford Roxo, RJ, e sua contribuição na qualidade das águas do curso inferior do Rio Sarapuí, sub-bacia do Rio Iguaçú, bacia da Baía da Guanabara, RJ, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11476.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Farrell, Jessica N. (Jessica Nicole). "The role of industrial carbon capture and storage in emissions mitigation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128403.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, June, 2018
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. "© 2008." "June 2018."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-128).
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology holds potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial sector. Industrial CCS applications, however, are more challenging to analyze than CCS in the power sector - mainly due to the vast heterogeneity in industrial and fuel processes. I focus on emission sources from cement and investigate the estimated costs associated with CCS in cement production. These costs are evaluated based on a variety of factors, including the technological maturity of the capture process, the amount of CO2 captured in different parts of a plant, the percentage of CO2 captured from the entire plant, and the energy requirements to operate the CCS addition. With the goal of integrating industrial CCS into an energy-economic model, the costs obtained from the literature are used to determine two values: the percent increase in total costs for an industrial plant with CCS and the breakdown of costs into shares of capital, labor, fuel, and other costs. I introduce the industrial CCS options into the MIT Economic Projection and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a global energy-economic model that provides a basis for the analysis of long-term growth of the industrial sector, and then I discuss different scenarios for industrial CCS deployment in different parts of the world. I find that in scenarios with stringent climate policy, CCS in the industrial sector is an important mitigation option. Industrial CCS reduces global emissions by an additional 5% by cutting industrial emissions by up to 45%, all while allowing for high levels of industrial production throughout the end of the century. In total, industrial CCS can increase welfare and consumption by up to 70% relative to a global economy under a 2-degree Celsius policy without industrial CCS.
by Jessica N. Farrell.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
Nakapreecha, Nitida. "Carbon emissions management of the petrochemical industries in Thailand." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3449/.
Повний текст джерелаDang, Xuan Hien, Thi Van Anh Nguyen, Duc Toan Nguyen, and Thanh Son Dang. "Numerical model for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from pulp and paper industrial wastewater treatment systems in Vietnam." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33073.
Повний текст джерелаHiện nay, việc đo đạc trực tiếp phát thải khí nhà kính (KNK) từ hệ thống xử lý nước thải còn khó khăn và tốn kém. Việc áp dụng mô hình sẽ giảm được chi phí đo đạc và nhanh chóng có được bộ số liệu dự báo một cách tương đối về phát thải KNK. Nghiên cứu đã thiết lập được mô hình toán ở trạng thái ổn định và trạng thái không ổn định để tính toán phát thải khí nhà kính (CO2, CH4, N2O) từ hệ thống xử lý nước thải sản xuất giấy. Các mô hình này dựa trên các phương trình cân bằng chất của các cấu tử bao gồm các phương trình cân bằng cơ chất, các phương trình cân bằng sinh khối trong các bể phản ứng và các hệ số tỷ lượng của các chất tham gia các phản ứng sinh hóa. Các phương trình được giải bằng thuật toán Runge-Kutta và mô hình được lập trình trên ngôn ngữ MATLAB. Mô hình được áp dụng tính toán phát thải khí nhà kính từ hệ thống xử lý nước thải tại nhà máy giấy Bãi Bằng và nhà máy giấy Tân Mai, được kết quả như sau: tổng phát thải khí nhà kính (KNK) và hệ số phát thải là 3.070,3 kg CO2-tđ/ngày, 0,38 kg CO2-tđ/m3 tại Nhà máy giấy Bãi Bằng (8.000 m3/ngày) và 7.413,6 kg CO2-tđ/ngày, 0,74 kg CO2-tđ/m3 nhà máy giấy Tân Mai (10.000 m3/ngày). Nghiên cứu đã đánh giá được một số các yếu tố ảnh hưởng như nhiệt độ, lưu lượng nước thải và nồng độ cơ chất dòng vào đến sự phát thải KNK tại nhà máy giấy Tân Mai.
Saripalli, Raja. "Simulation of combustion and thermal-flow inside an industrial boiler." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,144.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Mechanical Engineering."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Liu, Jianqiao. "Three Essays on Environmental Economics and Industrial Organization:Tradable Permits, Environmental R&D and Taxation." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20195.
Повний текст джерелаPires, Luiz Eduardo Botelho. "Avaliação e identificação da toxicidade (Toxicity Identification Evaluation - TIE) do efluente líquido do pólo industrial de Belford Roxo, RJ e sua contribuição na qualidade das águas do corso inferior do Rio Sarapuí, sub-bacia do Rio Iguaçú, Bacia da Baía da Guanabara, RJ, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-16052012-080425/.
Повний текст джерелаThe quality of Belford Roxo Industrial Plant effluent and water from Sarapuí River were evaluated with Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Danio rerio acute and chronic toxicity tests. In association with the ecotoxicological monitoring, the Toxicity Identification Evaluation procedure were performed and the identification of the toxic compounds was possible. The Chloride ion was identified as the major toxic compound in the effluent with additional effects of Metals, Ammonium and Sulfide. For the Sarapuí River, the compounds of Phosphorus and Nitrogen were identified as the major toxic compounds with addictive effects of Metals, Ammonium and Sulfide. Although the environmental impact estimation based on the effluent toxicity suggests a minor impact on the water quality of Sarapuí River, this was already sufficiently contaminated to make impracticable the establishment of an aquatic community. The constant discharge of untreated sludge promotes the eutrophication of this water body and makes impossible the equilibrium of this ecosystem.
Berglund, Åsa. "Responses to reduced industrial metal emissions : An ecotoxicological study on Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca, Aves)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33767.
Повний текст джерелаMetaller är grundämnen som inte kan bildas eller förstöras av människan. De förekommer i mineraler i berggrunden och finns överallt på jorden. Människans användning av metaller har dock medfört att de återfinns i högre halter i miljön än de annars skulle gjort. Trots att metallerna kan spridas och transporteras långa sträckor med luftmassorna, är det främst kring källorna, såsom metallindustrier, man kan hitta metaller i tillräckligt höga halter för att orsaka skada på växter och djur. I denna avhandling presenteras undersökningar av hur svartvit flugsnappare (Ficedula hypoleuca) påverkas kring två metallindustrier i norra Sverige. Det ena är en numera nedlagd blygruva med anrikningsverk i Laisvall, där vi studerade populationer av svartvit flugsnappare före och efter att industrin stängdes. Det andra är smältverket Rönnskärsverken, utanför Skelleftehamn, som varit i drift sedan 1930-talet. I föroreningsgradienten från smältverket studerades effekter av 20 års kraftigt minskade metallutsläpp till luften som följd av förbättrade reningstekniker. Resultaten kring industrierna visar att fåglarna svarade olika på de minskade metallutsläppen. Kring blygruvan minskade halterna av bly i flugsnapparungar med samma takt som nedfallen (mätt i mossa) och bytesdjuren (myror). Däremot, kring smältverket, var fåglarna fortfarande exponerade för höga halter av de giftiga ämnena arsenik, kadmium, kvicksilver och bly, på i princip samma nivåer som 20 år tidigare, trots att utsläppen minskat med 93 – 98%. Orsaken till detta tros vara skillnader på föroreningsgraden i markens översta lager, mårskiktet. Vi kunde visa att flugsnapparna kring smältverket främst fick i sig metallerna från marken, som efter flera årtionden med utsläpp från industrin innehöll mycket höga metallhalter. Detta kan förklara att fåglarna trots att utsläppen var låga, fortfarande var utsatta för stor metallexponering. Det snabba svaret på minskad metallspridning (bly och zink) som flugsnapparna vid blygruvan visade, antar vi berodde på att mindre mäng metaller fanns i marken. Trots minskningen var metallhalterna i fåglarna vid gruvområdet fortfarande tillräckligt höga för att, liksom vid smältverket, påverka fåglarnas hälsa. De uppvisade bl.a. låga blodvärden och tecken på oxidativ stress. Vidare var ungdödligheten förhöjd, vilket ledde till lägre häckningsframgång. Slutsatsen är att markens innehåll av metaller har stor betydelse för återhämtningsförloppet för svartvit flugsnappare efter minskat metallnedfall, och att en relativt snabb återhämtning kan förväntas i områden med något lägre metallhalter i mårskiktet, medan återhämtning i områden där marken är kraftigt förorenad inte kan förväntas förrän efter flera årtionden, även om nedfallet upphört nästan helt.
Caldwell, Amanda. "Assessment of Transportation Emissions for Ferrous Scrap Exports from the United States: Activity-Based Maritime Emissions Model and Theoretical Inland Transportation Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103296/.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Zhe 1974. "The environmental Kuznets curve reexamined for CO₂ emissions in Canadian manufacturing industries /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80319.
Повний текст джерелаAl-Sulaiman, Sabah. "The formation, distribution and behaviour of gaseous pollutants in the Shuaiba industrial area (SIA) - State of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267351.
Повний текст джерелаPolimeni, Vallia Nicolas. "Incidenza della qualità del pellet sulle emissioni di una stufa domestica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10016/.
Повний текст джерелаYou, Wen-Chun, and 游文俊. "PAH Emission from the Industrial Boilers." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06873524135586456562.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
環境工程學系
84
Abstract A PAH(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) stack- sampling system and PS-1 sampling system were used to investigate the PAH emission for 10 industrial boilers and for the ambient air of petrochemical-industry (PCI) area. The fuels used for these 10 boilers include a heavy oil, a diesel, a co- combustion of heavy oil and nature gas (HO+NG) and a co- combustion of coke oven gas and blast furance gas (COG+BFG). The main objectives of this study are to investigate the concentration, composition, emission rate and emission factor of twenty-one individual PAHs in the boiler flue gas, and compared the difference of PAHs in the boiler flue gas and in ambient air Twenty-one individual PAHs were analyzed primarily by gas chromatography / mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Total-PAH concentration in the fuel gas of 32 measured data for these 10 boiler stacks ranged between 11.6 and 363 ug/Nm3 and averaged 75.3 ug/Nm3. Total-PAH concentration in anbient airof PCI averaged 1203 ng/m3. In the boiler flue gas, the mean fraction of PAH-homologue mass(F%) counted for the total-PAH mass were 57%, 13.6%, 24.4% and 24.4% for the 2-ring, 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs,respectively. ThePAHs in the stack flue gas were dominant in the lower molecular weight PAHs. Phase distribution of the total-PAHs in the flue gas was mainly inthe gas phase. Phase distribution of the total-PAHs averaged 96% in the gas phase. The emission factors of total-PAHs were 2750, 1170, 1150 and 83.2 ug/kg-fuel for the heavy oil, diesel, HO+NG and COG+BFG fueled-boiler,respectively. Nap is a most predominant PAH occurred in the stack flue gas.The emission factor of BaP for both heavy oil and diesel-fueled boilers arefairly constant and are approximately 1.0 ng/kcal of heat generated or 10.0 ug/kg- fuel consumed.
Li, Hsing-Wang, and 李興旺. "Characterization of PCDD/F Emission from Industrial Thermal Processes." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37920796071536918119.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
96
The emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans (PCDD/Fs) from the different thermal processes was investigated. These thermal processes included aluminum smelting plant, electric arc furnace, fly ash treatment plant, and municipal solid waste incinerators. Seventeen PCDD/F congeners were measured by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS). The four secondary aluminum smelters (ALS) yield much higher PCDD/Fs than the aluminum ingot smelters, or 7.94-22.7 vs 0.57-2.67 ng/Nm3, due to a large percentage of waste or recycled aluminum used in the former and over 50% ingot used in the latter. The PCDD/F emission factor is related to either raw materials used or product produced, and the average emission factor of four secondary ALS is much higher than that of aluminum ingot smelters, or approximately 20 times higher based on either raw materials or product. The most important PCDD/F source of input mass in the fly ash treatment plant (the Waelz process) was EAF fly ash, which had a mean PCDD/F content of 18.51 ng/g and contributed more than 99% of the PCDD/F input mass. For the PCDD/F output mass, the major total PCDD/F content of 43.73 and 10.78 ng/g were in bag-filter- and cyclone-ashes, which accounted for about 69% and 17%, respectively. The O/I ratio of total PCDD/F mass and total PCDD/F I-TEQ were 0.62 and 1.19, respectively. Thus, the effects of the Waelz process for the depletion of total PCDD/F mass was positive but minor, while the effect for total PCDD/F I-TEQ was adverse overall. In the amount of 20, 40 and 50 kg/hr powder activated carbon (PAC) injection, the removal efficiencies of PCDD/Fs in the stack flue gas were 86%, 96% and 97%, respectively. By adding an increased amount of PAC, the removal efficiencies were enhanced while the reduction fractions of low chlorinated PCDD/F congeners were much higher than those of highly chlorinated PCDD/F congeners. The addition of bio-solution (NOE-7F) in the raw materials had a dechlorination on the PCDD/F removal and mainly inhibited highly chlorinated PCDD/F formation. The combination of both PAC injection and NOE-7F addition has a high potential for practical application. The usage of filters over the four-year period led to increases of the total I-TEQ levels after the bag filters by 98%-256%, in the three plants. After the replacement of filters, the total I-TEQ after the filters decreased by 53%-89%, in these plants. A great amount of PCDD/Fs were sorbed by the installed filters over four-year period and their subsequent release from filters led to increases of PCDD/Fs levels in the stack flue gases. The release of PCDD/Fs from filters resulted most likely from the blow-off of fine pieces of the aged filter material by the flue gas when the filter was used after a certain period. High PCDD/F concentrations after the filters are attributed conventionally to the memory effect of the filters. The results of this study showed that the raw materials played an important role to PCDD/F formation. Different air pollution control devices could reach different removal efficiency of PCDD/F. How to combine different air pollution control devices (APCDs) to reduce PCDD/F emission effectively is a critical issue. The PCDD/F concentration was measured regularly and replacement of filters or materials of APCDs was also necessary.
Huang, Yuh-wen, and 黃郁文. "Investigation of VOCs emission characteristics in a petrochemical/industrial area." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04645944948845150631.
Повний текст джерела輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
94
Petrochemical industrial area is close to residential area and the pollution emission causes the stinky smell, demonstration and even dispute. It is all because that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are emitted from petrochemical process. This research uses a VOCs monitor vehicle to continued monitor the outer petrochemical industrial area for a long time and samples the vertical profile pollutant of industrial environment to compare with the raw material and product, according with VOCs concentration and species. The investigation focuses on analyzing and comparing the monitoring data. There are three categories in the content, (1) monitor vehicle VOCs measuring and canister sampling, (2) vertical profile sampling, (3) analyze and compare monitoring data with raw material, product, and the data from researching institute. According to the meteorological database, the species which is detected from VOCs monitor vehicle and canister may emit from industry area and VOCs which is detected from vertical profile pollutants may emit from unusual combustion. Therefore, those two kinds of data can be the VOCs reference at petrochemical industrial area. This research shows that at petrochemical industrial area, VOCs measured by researching institute has similar outcome with this research which analyze the vertical profile of meteorological and pollutant database and VOCs monitor vehicle.
Lin, Jui-Li, and 林瑞莉. "Industry Strategy of Industrial Zone under the Control of Total Air Pollutant Emission- Volatile organic compounds emission control." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5cdrwp.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系碩士專班
105
The strategies for total emission control of air pollutants for the industries established in the industrial park- Emission control of volatile organic compounds For a long time, the persistent poor air quality in the Kaohsiung and Pingtung area has become a public concern, therefore, the Environmental protection authority promulgated the implementation of the "Total air pollutant control plan in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area " in June 2004 . However, the implementation of this policy, for the improvement of air quality and the impact of the industry in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area, still need to be more widely assessed. For the industry within the region, also need to be responsive. Based on this, this research focuses on the volatile organic compounds emitted from specific industrial area in the South of Taiwan, using the amount of pollution of industrial areas and the environmental data of EPD, including total suspended solids (TSP), sulfur oxides compound (SOx), nitrogen oxide compound (NOx) as well as the volatile organic matter (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs), combined with the results of the questionnaire to review the implementation of the total air pollutant control policy, the air quality and the possible impact on the industrial economy, and to develop the relevant recommendations. The study included specific recommendations for the Administration, including consolidation emissions estimate baseline as legislation amendment reference, perfect exchange trading platform and transaction rates, provide incentives for reductions, and increase willingness of industry to take the initiative, also recommended for VOCs offset ratio calculation principle, the discharge coefficient of local process, as the evaluation criteria;the use of bubble policy of the spirit of control, the implementation of the total control of the spirit. For the industry to adjust as follows, Investigation and construction of industrial VOCs pollution sources and emission inventories, With the waste reduction measures, to develop a feasible reduction strategy, Comprehensive review of existing pollution control equipment operational effectiveness, with the best possible control technology (BACT) as a requirement, should not be targeted at the target reduction, through process efficiency, raw material improvement, upgrading control equipment, etc.,to provide excess emissions reduction reserves, as the future expansion from the plant, new or change the source of pollution and other alternative possible. Set up the emissions cap-and-trade system trading professionals, familiar with the "air pollutant reduction amount management platform" related to the trading system, planning the future to obtain pollutant emissions of the feasible conditions, pre-planning future development of the industry,Planning future pollutant emission characteristics of viable conditions advance planning future development of the industry, Cap adjustments in advance due to the total air pollutant control requirements . Key words: total control, volatile organic matter, regulatory strategy, emissions, reductions
Huang, Wei-Jung, and 黃威融. "Estimation of Embodied Energy And Emission Intensity - An Industrial Ecology Perspective." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90511140326642563050.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北大學
資源管理研究所
91
ABSTRACT ESTIMATION OF EMBODIED ENERGY AND EMISSION INTENSITY -AN INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY PERSPECTIVE. BY HUANG, WEI-JUNG JUNE 2003 ADVISOR: Dr. LEE, YUH-MING DEPARTMENT: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MAJOR:NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEGREE: MASTER OF ARTS Nowadays humankind uses a huge amount of resources on the earth and such consumption results in various pollutions. In order to manage the environment efficiently, many concepts are introduced. Industrial Ecology is one of these concepts. It encompasses many tools that can analyze environmental impacts of pollutions and hence, inform us about the environmental quality. For example, using the life-cycle assessment (LCA) to gather information on environmental impacts, we can understand all the stages of the product life, from the production of raw materials and energy to the end-of-product life. This research attempted to estimate: (1) embodied energy, which refers to the direct plus indirect expense of the energy, used by each sector; and (2) the embodied emission from using energy sources and from production process. In this research, another five factors are added when considering embodied emission. Such factors include the emission from automobiles, consumption of CaCO3 which emits CO2, consumption of electricity by electric furnaces which emits NOx and SOx in the process of iron and steel making, open burning of waste agricultural biomass which emits suspended particulate matter (SPM), and tire wearing which also emits SPM. The results show that CO2 direct emissions amount to 1.93Gt. and 1.71Gt, when the carbon sink is included. NOx direct emissions are estimated to be 621Kt. SOx emissions amount to 311Kt. Total SPM emissions are estimated to be 80Kt. Furthermore, fisheries sector, chemical sector, non-ferrous metal sector, and transport, communication and broadcasting sector are the highest emission intensity sectors in Taiwan. Keywords: Industrial Ecology, Life-Cycle Assessment, Embodied Energy, Embodied Emission Intensity.
Liao, Chief, and 廖琦峰. "The research of emission and evaluation of HAPs in industrial areas." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92352586326185215171.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
93
This research used USEPA FIRE Date System to setup the method ofemission estimate and risk assessment. In this case study, we evaluated the impacts of the complex petrifaction industry area located in central Taiwan. Thirty-eight Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) were analyzed. In the study, VOC emission rate in stack and fugitive were 79% and 21%, respectively. The emission rate in stationary, mobile source, and port area, was 99.72%, 0.2%, and 0.008%, respectively. According to the hazardous weight index calculating, T4 factory was the most influential source regarding human health. The result of ISC modeling shows that vinyl chloride produced the highest annual concentration of 106μg/m3, which mostly comes from stacks. According to an evaluation of the carcinogenic risk, it was 1.83×10-3. The stack was attributed to the major source of carcinogenic emissions. According to an evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk, the maximum of overall health risk was 12.5 and again, the index demonstrated that the stack had the highest health impact among all of the emission sources. Comparing the domestic emission factors with those in FIRE, a similarity of the species was found when the emission factors were applied for both power plants and incinerators. However, a significant difference was found between the species of the stationary and the petrifaction sources. Certain species are missing in the FIRE data system,such as the emission factors of VOC from some petrifaction process. The primary difference between the domestic emission factors and those in FIRE was concluded to be resulted from (1) difference in manufacturing activities, (2) lack of illustration of the throughput and the products in FIRE system, (3) different control efficiency affecting the resultant emission factors, (4) different selection of the SCC code, and (5) decisions of the emission factors levels. Comparing the FIRE with SPEIATE data system, it is found that the emission estimated by SPECIATE were significantly higher than that by FIRE. One of the reasons was that a more complex database was established in SPECIATE than then in FIRE, regarding the petrifaction industry. The uncertainty of the emission estimates was attributed to the stack and some fugitive occurred. Due to the lack of the emission estimate information, the stack ontributed 8/9 of the uncertainty among the emission estimates of the entire petrifaction industry area.
Tseng, Wen-hsing, and 曾文興. "The Odor Characterestics and Effects of Fugitive Emission in Petrochemical Industrial Complex." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80701456225711204365.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
86
Recently there were many odor complaints in the neighborhood of petrochemical industrial park. One of the major sources is contributed by fugitive VOC emission from petrochemical processes. This study had been conducted to estimate the losses of odorous organic compounds from different kinds of emission sources in a factory of Da-She industrial complex. In addition, their odor impact is investigated. To estimate fugitive emission, a variety of methods were adopted, including average factors, leak/no leak factors, stratified factors, correlation curves and unit-specific correlation curves. In order to obtain the required data of these methods, we screen the leak of equipment with portable organic volatile analyzer and bag the equipment to estimate the actual emission rate. The result shows that the leak comes from little equipment and majorities of leak equipment are valve and flange. The emission rate estimated by those methods (in descending order) are: average factors, leak/no leak factors, stratified factors and correlation curves. Leak/no leak factors underestimate the emission rate of equipment with screening value between 1,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm. Comparing to correlation curves results, the emission estimated by unit-specific correlation curves is much lower. Among all estimating methods, stratified factors and correlation curves are more cost-effective. The impact of odorous emission from the factory is estimated by using ISCST3 air quality model. In case of this factory, the main odorant is styrene. The odor impact range of process vent is far larger than that of fugitive emission. In the neighborhood of the factory, the fugitive emission is more contributive to odor complaints probability, even through the total process vent emission is higher than fugitive emission. The odor complaints happened more frequently in south of the factory because of the prevalent northwest wind. The highest odor complaint probability happened in autumn. The odor complaints are highly relative to wind direction and speed.
Lin, Hui-mei, and 林惠美. "Changes of Industrial CO2 Emission in Taiwan by Input-Output Structural Decompostition Analysis." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61163037858265205627.
Повний текст джерела嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
93
This study employs input-output (I-O) structural decomposition analysis to examine trends and effects of industrial CO2 emission in Taiwan during 1981~1986, 1986~1991, 1991~1996 and 1996~2001.Then to identify the characteristics and the important factor of industrial CO2 emission in the developing period, and provide the decreasing base of CO2 emission for future. Changes of CO2 emission can be decomposed into nine factors: (1) the industrial energy coefficient, (2) the CO2 emission factor, (3) interfuel substitution, (4) the rate of domestic production to intermediate input, (5) the structural change of intermediate input, (6) the level of domestic final demand, (7) the change of domestic final demand, (8) the level of exports and (9) the structural change of exports. According the result of this study, the amount of CO2 emission increased 15,312 tons during 1981~1986, it was caused by using more coal. In addition to, the level of domestic final demand and the level of exports are increment factors, the change of domestic final demand caused decrement effect. From 1986 to 1991, the increment of CO2 emission that compared with the pass five years period was 34,874 tons. The main increment factor was the export growth quickly, and the rate of domestic production to the intermediate input was primary decrement factor. The amount of CO2 emission to rise up 39,745 tons between 1991 and 1996, the level of domestic final demand and the level of exports grown astonishing up were two key increment causes. However the energy direct coefficient and the structure of intermediate input to industries were two principal decrement causes, they shown that the economization of energy and the improvement of industrial structure were effectual in this period. During 1996 to 2001, the growth of CO2 emission was higher 50,748 tons than the previous five years, the result was caused due to both the level of exports and that of domestic final demand. Besides the structural change of domestic final demand, intermediate input to industries and export offered decrement effect. They displayed which the structure of domestic final demand oriented lower energy consumption. As the rate of economic growth risen up very quickly and the electricity production applied a lot of the energy that produced higher CO2 emission, the energy coefficient expanded the total amount of CO2 emission greatly in these five years. In addition to, the input of the oil production to all industries ascended and the export of petroleum production descended gradually, causing the rate of domestic production to intermediate input to grow up.