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Книги з теми "Inductive types"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Morel, Jane B. The effects of mood induction on the recognition memory of word types. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1990.

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2

Deshpande, S. S., of Spectroscopy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, eds. Determination of alloying and impurity elements in various types of steels using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2002.

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3

Tickle, Les. Teacher induction: The way ahead. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2000.

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4

Teacher induction: The way ahead. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2000.

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5

Beck, Caroline W. Investigation of the effect of Wild Type and Mutant NF-kB related proteins on mesoderm induction in Xenopus. [s.l.]: typescript, 1996.

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6

Maznev, Aleksandr, and Oleg Shatnev. Electric apparatus and circuits of rolling stock. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014641.

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Provides information about technical data and design of electrical apparatus of control, monitoring and protection of traction motors of electric rolling stock (EPS), the principles of speed control of locomotives and trains with contactor-resistor and semiconductor converters based on modern element base, a circuit diagram of various types of EPS with manifold and induction motors in modes of traction and braking. For students of institutions of secondary professional education. It may be useful to students of higher educational institutions, courses of improvement of qualification, the railway workers related to the maintenance and repair of rolling stock.

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7

Kuhler, Ulirich. Tacti-Based Inductive Theorem Prover for Data Types With Partial Operations. Ios Pr Inc, 2000.

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8

Andreasen, Robin, and Heather Doty. Measuring Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467715.003.0007.

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The focus of this chapter is on the argument from inductive risk in the context of social science research on disparate impact in employment outcomes. It identifies three types of situations in the testing of scientific theories, not sufficiently emphasized in the inductive risk literature, that raise considerations of inductive risk: choice of significance test, choice of how to measure disparate impact, and the operationalization of scientific variables. It argues that non-epistemic values have a legitimate role in two of these situations but not in the third. It uses this observation to build on the discussion of when and under what conditions considerations of inductive risk help to justify a role for non-epistemic values in science.

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9

Shulman, Michael. Homotopy Type Theory: A Synthetic Approach to Higher Equalities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0003.

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Homotopy type theory and univalent foundations (HoTT/UF) is a new foundation of mathematics, based not on set theory but on “infinity-groupoids”, which consist of collections of objects, ways in which two objects can be equal, ways in which those ways-to-be-equal can be equal, ad infinitum. Though apparently complicated, such structures are increasingly important in mathematics. Philosophically, they are an inevitable result of the notion that whenever we form a collection of things, we must simultaneously consider when two of those things are the same. The “synthetic” nature of HoTT/UF enables a much simpler description of infinity groupoids than is available in set theory, thereby aligning with modern mathematics while placing “equality” back in the foundations of logic. This chapter will introduce the basic ideas of HoTT/UF for a philosophical audience, including Voevodsky’s univalence axiom and higher inductive types.

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10

Type CCL polyphase induction motors. [Hamilton, Ont.?: s.n., 1991.

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11

Austerweil, Joseph L., Samuel J. Gershman, and Thomas L. Griffiths. Structure and Flexibility in Bayesian Models of Cognition. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.9.

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Probability theory forms a natural framework for explaining the impressive success of people at solving many difficult inductive problems, such as learning words and categories, inferring the relevant features of objects, and identifying functional relationships. Probabilistic models of cognition use Bayes’s rule to identify probable structures or representations that could have generated a set of observations, whether the observations are sensory input or the output of other psychological processes. In this chapter we address an important question that arises within this framework: How do people infer representations that are complex enough to faithfully encode the world but not so complex that they “overfit” noise in the data? We discuss nonparametric Bayesian models as a potential answer to this question. To do so, first we present the mathematical background necessary to understand nonparametric Bayesian models. We then delve into nonparametric Bayesian models for three types of hidden structure: clusters, features, and functions. Finally, we conclude with a summary and discussion of open questions for future research.

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12

Popenoe, Juanita. Branch induction in spur-type 'Delicious' apple nursery trees. 1987.

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13

Kacprzak, Agnieszka. Rhetoric and Roman Law. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.16.

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This chapter surveys the methods of constructing rational arguments taught in the schools of rhetoric and their impact on juridical argumentation. It surveys: the place of rhetoric in legal education; the basic tools of rhetorical invention, i.e. rhetorical syllogism and induction, general schemes of inference on which singular arguments depended (topoi), and types of questions on which court debates could concentrate (status); the difficulties one is likely to encounter when trying to identify traces of rhetorical teaching in legal sources. It is the contention of this chapter that such attempts are hardly successful, since rhetorical theory codifies, classifies, and to a lesser degree analyses types of argumentation people intuitively use, rather than create them. The mere fact that a jurist applied some pattern of reasoning as described in rhetorical handbooks is insufficient evidence to conclude either that he had some sort of rhetorical education or that he knew rhetorical theory.

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14

Bradley, Marie C., Michael A. O’Rorke, Janine A. Cooper, Søren Friis, and Laurel A. Habel. Pharmaceutical Drugs Other Than Hormones. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0023.

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Current regulatory programs for drug safety are not designed to identify adverse events that have a long induction time or are rare, such as most cancers. Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials of medications can sometimes provide information on shorter-term risk of common cancer types, though large observational studies with long follow-up are needed to examine most drug–cancer associations. Over the last few decades, a number of new methods have been developed to address several types of confounding and bias of particular concern in pharmacoepidemiology, and better data sources have become available. Of the approximately twenty medications with sufficient evidence to be classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as human carcinogens, most are anti-neoplastic agents or immunosuppressants. Substantial data from studies in humans indicate that use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) protects against colorectal cancer and possibly a number of other common cancers.

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15

Ellam, Rob. 6. Measuring isotopes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723622.003.0006.

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Mass spectrometers have become routine laboratory instruments in many disciplines. ‘Measuring isotopes: mass spectrometers’ concentrates on those used to quantify the abundance of different isotopes—gas source isotope ratio, thermal ionization, inductively coupled plasma, and secondary ion mass spectrometers. A mass spectrometer can be used to quantify the concentration of a particular element by monitoring an isotope of that element not overlapped by isotopes of other elements. All mass spectrometers have three essential components: an ion source, a mass filter, and a detector. There are two main types of detector: Faraday detectors measure large signals and a variant of photomultiplier tubes measures small isotope signals.

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16

Laumbach, Robert, and Michael Gochfeld. Toxicology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0007.

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This chapter describes the basic principles of toxicology and their application to occupational and environmental health. Topics covered include pathways that toxic substances may take from sources in the environment to molecular targets in the cells of the body where toxic effects occur. These pathways include routes of exposure, absorption into the body, distribution to organs and tissues, metabolism, storage, and excretion. The various types of toxicological endpoints are discussed, along with the concepts of dose-response relationships, threshold doses, and the basis of interindividual differences and interspecies differences in response to exposure to toxic substances. The diversity of cellular and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, including enzyme induction and inhibition, oxidative stress, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis, are discussed and the chapter concludes with examples of practical applications in clinical evaluation and in toxicity testing.

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17

Sabbagh, Michel, and John J. Freely Jr. Epiglottitis, Croup, and Stridor. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0078.

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Stridor is a high-pitched sound representing partially obstructed or turbulent flow in the airway. Stridor can be part of the inspiratory or expiratory phase, depending on the origin of the flow disturbance. This chapter reviews the etiology of stridor and its subtypes. It also focuses on two important pediatric disease states where stridor is a defining characteristic: epiglottitis and croup. Epiglottitis has emerged as an uncommon cause of pediatric airway compromise, with the widespread use of Haemophilus influenza type b vaccination. Croup continues to be a significant cause of stridor, and is much more common, although less life-threatening. Current opinions on initial evaluation, anesthetic induction, intubation, and follow-up care for both diseases are discussed.

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18

Agarwal, Anil, Neil Borley, and Greg McLatchie. General surgery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608911.003.0001.

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This chapter covers topics a surgical trainee will find useful. Preoperative assessment covers ASA Grades, NICE guidance, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX), P-POSSUM. Preoperative medication review covers medications to continue, and medications to be stopped. Consent details test of materiality, Montgomery vs Lanarkshire Health Board, adults who lack capacity, best interests, Advanced Directive, Living Will, Lasting Power of Attorney, Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA), Gillick Competency, delegation of consent, and consent forms. Surgical site infections (SSIs), NICE guideline on antibiotic prophylaxis, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The WHO surgery checklist explains team brief, sign in, time out, sign out, debrief. Types of skin preparation—chlorhexadine, betadine. Absorbable, non-absorbable sutures, synthetic, biological meshes. Enhanced recovery, day surgery. Diathermy, ultrasound devices, lasers. Duty of candour. Open and close midline laparotomy incision, induction of pneumoperitoneum, diagnostic laparoscopy. Lichtenstein, totally extraperitoneal (TEP), transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP), Lockwood, Lothiesen, McEvedy femoral hernia repair, ventral and incisional hernia repair, excision biopsy, abscess incision and drainage, ingrowing toenails.

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19

Lyons, Timothy D. Scientific Realism. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.30.

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This article endeavors to identify the strongest versions of the two primary arguments against epistemic scientific realism: the historical argument—generally dubbed “the pessimistic meta-induction”—and the argument from underdetermination. It is shown that, contrary to the literature, both can be understood as historically informed but logically valid modus tollens arguments. After specifying the question relevant to underdetermination and showing why empirical equivalence is unnecessary, two types of competitors to contemporary scientific theories are identified, both of which are informed by science itself. With the content and structure of the two nonrealist arguments clarified, novel relations between them are uncovered, revealing the severity of their collective threat against epistemic realism and its “no-miracles” argument. The final section proposes, however, that the realist’s axiological tenet “science seeks truth” is not blocked. An attempt is made to indicate the promise for a nonepistemic, purely axiological scientific realism—here dubbed “Socratic scientific realism.”

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20

Lorino, Philippe. Inquiry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0004.

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This chapter narrates the efforts of a hospital cardiology department to create its country’s first chronic heart failure (CHF) multidisciplinary unit. With an average treatment cost that was too high, threatening their required funding, the department’s actors strove to reduce it. They analyzed collective activity, made exploratory hypotheses about cost drivers, and developed new performance measurements to verify their hypotheses. This is an example of the social process of inquiry. The chapter presents the pragmatist definition of inquiry, a non-dualist and relational framework, recursively articulated with the concept of habit. It integrates action and thought, narrative and logical thought. The respective roles of the three types of inference identified by Peirce are analyzed: abduction, deduction, and induction. The chapter highlights the mediated and mediating nature of inquiry, illustrated in the hospital case by the reengineering of management indicators, and closes with the major differences between inquiry and the mainstream problem-solving framework.

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21

Nizamuddin, Sarah, and Caitlin Aveyard. Airway Foreign Body Aspiration. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0024.

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Aspiration of a foreign body is a potentially life-threatening problem that often necessitates an anesthetic for removal of the foreign body. Foreign body aspiration is most common among children aged 1 to 4 years old and has a wide variety of symptoms ranging from a mild, nagging cough to complete airway obstruction. Definitive diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration involve flexible or rigid bronchoscopy. The urgency of the procedure depends on the type of object aspirated and the location of the foreign body in the airway. The appropriate anesthetic for removal of the foreign body is dependent upon the surgeon’s plan and involves several steps in decision-making: intravenous versus inhalational induction, airway maintenance (endotracheal tube vs. supraglottic airway vs. mask), spontaneous versus controlled ventilation, maintenance of anesthesia (total intravenous anesthesia vs. volatile agents). Good communication with the surgeon or proceduralist is key to a safe and effective anesthetic.

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22

1938-, Bibel W., and Jantke K. P, eds. Mathematical methods of specification and synthesis of software systems '85: Proceedings of the international spring school, Wendisch-Rietz, GDR, April 22-26, 1985. Berlin: Springer, 1986.

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23

Hahn, Robert G. Intravenous fluids in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0020.

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Infusion fluids may be regarded as drugs in the perioperative setting. The therapeutic effects of crystalloid solutions are strongly related to the administered volume, while fluids of the colloid type may also improve microcirculation and have anti-inflammatory properties. The anaesthetist should be able to handle all available infusion fluids and be aware of their benefits, limitations, and risks. Fluid administration programmes for surgery are traditionally based on a balance method in which perceived and measured losses are continuously replaced. Two outcome-guided approaches—restrictive and goal-directed fluid therapy—have been added in recent years. The latter places all patients on the top of the Frank–Starling curve by titrating repeated bolus infusions of colloid fluid while observing the stroke volume response. Areas where special consideration should be given to fluid therapy include burn injury, children, day surgery, endoscopic surgery, neurosurgery, induction of spinal and epidural anaesthesia, and in septic and trauma-related shock. As volume is the key component of infusion fluids, kinetic analysis of their disposition is based on their dilution effect on components already present in the blood, usually haemoglobin.

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24

Mills, Gary H. Pulmonary disease and anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0082.

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Respiratory adverse events are the commonest complications after anaesthesia and have profound implications for the recovery of the patient and their subsequent health. Outcome prediction related to respiratory disease and complications is vital when determining the risk:benefit balance of surgery and providing informed consent. Surgery produces an inflammatory response and pain, which affects the respiratory system. Anaesthesia produces atelectasis, decreases the drive to breathe, and causes muscle weakness. As the respiratory system ages, closing capacity increases and airway closure becomes an increasing issue, resulting in atelectasis. Increasing comorbidity and polypharmacy reduces the patient’s ability to eliminate drugs. The proportion of major operations on older frailer patients is rising and postoperative recovery becomes more complicated and the demand for critical care rises. At the same time, the population is becoming more obese, producing rapid decreases in end-expiratory lung volume on induction, together with a high incidence of sleep-disordered breathing. Despite this, many high-risk patients are not accurately identified preoperatively, and of those that are admitted to critical care, some are discharged and then readmitted to the intensive care unit with complications. Respiratory diseases may lead to increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and increased load on the right heart. Some lung diseases are primarily fibrotic or obstructive. Some are inflammatory, autoimmune, or vasculitic. Other diseases relate to the drive to breathe, the nerve supply to, or the respiratory muscles themselves. The range of types of respiratory disease is wide and the physiological consequences of respiratory support are complex. Research continues into the best modes of respiratory support in theatre and in the postoperative period and how best to protect the normal lung. It is therefore essential to understand the effects of surgery and anaesthesia and how this impacts existing respiratory disease, and the way this affects the balance between load on the respiratory system and its capacity to cope.

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