Книги: "Individual Prospective"

1

A, Savage Arline, ed. U.S. individual federal income taxation: Historical, contemporary, and prospective policy issues. Amsterdam: JAI, 2001.

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2

Fischer, Urs. Urs Fischer: Espace trois-cent-quinze, création contemporaine et prospective. Paris: Centre Pompidou, 2004.

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3

United States. Health Care Financing Administration. Office of Research and Demonstrations. Report to Congress: Identifying individuals at risk of institutionalization. Baltimore, Md.]: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration, Office of Research and Demonstrations, 1987.

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4

Hogan, Christopher. Patterns of travel for rural individuals hospitalized in New York state: Relationships between distance, destination, and casemix. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1989.

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5

Hogan, Christopher. Patterns of travel for rural individuals hospitalized in New York state: Relationships between distance, destination, and case mix. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment, 1988.

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6

United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to provide for home and community-based services for individuals with disabilities, and for other purposes. [Washington, D.C.?]: [United States Government Printing Office], 1997.

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7

United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for an additional payment for services provided to certain high-cost individuals under the prospective payment system for skilled nursing facility services, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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8

La société invisible. Québec, Qué: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2012.

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9

Naber, Sarah Joan. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF WOMEN WHO INTENDED TO COMBINE BREASTFEEDING AND WORKING. 1987.

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10

II, Anthony J. Cataldo, and Arline A. Savage. US Individual Federal Income Taxation: Historical, Contemporary, and Prospective Policy Issues (Studies in Managerial and Financial Accounting). JAI Press, 2001.

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11

Hibbs, Douglas A. Voting and the Macroeconomy. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0031.

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This article discusses voting and the macroeconomy and focuses on its more important developments. It studies two views of economic voting, which are prospective and retrospective. This is followed by a section on empirical implementation, where pure prospective voting, pure retrospective voting, and prospective voting are introduced. The article also examines individual electoral choices and aggregate vote shares, and clarifies responsibility in macroeconomy.

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12

Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Special topics in rural health II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0009.

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This chapter looks into another three emerging areas in rural health, namely, border towns, plantation, and nomadic pastoralists. The health status of general population may not be able to fully reflect the health problems of the border towns. As border towns offer work opportunities which may take people across the border, their socioeconomic prospective and health may be affected by the working environments and conditions of another country. In many cases, the population that has settled in the border area is composed of ethnic minorities and tends to be marginalized and neglected by the larger society. Specific issues for individual countries are included and discussed in textbox format.

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13

McCrea, Michael A., and Lindsay D. Nelson. Effects of Multiple Concussions. Edited by Ruben Echemendia and Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.10.

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There is growing concern that suffering multiple sport-related concussions may increase an athlete’s risk of cumulative neurocognitive and neurobehavioral impairment. Many concerns have not been well-validated, however, owing to limited samples of repeatedly concussed players. In this article, we review the theoretical risks and current evidence regarding the extent to which repeat concussions impact players’ experience of and recovery following successive injuries. Concussion effects are considered at multiple levels (e.g., self-reported physical and psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and neurophysiological measures) across both the acute and chronic phases of recovery. Recommendations for applying findings to injury management decisions are provided. Although repeat concussions appear to have the potential for cumulative neurophysiological burden, a number of factors (e.g., individual risk for experiencing or responding poorly to injury, recovery time between injuries) appear important to explain discrepant findings among studies and to translate general scientific principles into clinical decisions for individual players. Future work that accumulates larger, prospective samples will allow for clearer delineation of the factors that appear important for predicting how recurrent concussions impact individual athletes.

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14

Lorenzano, Svetlana, and Danilo Toni. Acute treatment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0014.

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Young adults may benefit from intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator and the treatment is safe. Several important outcome predictors have been identified and can be used for an optimal selection of eligible patients. Intravenous thrombolysis should not be denied a priori in patients with stroke due to craniocervical artery dissection or illicit drug use, or young menstruating/pregnant women. It is recommended to discuss treatment risks and benefits and decisions should be made on an individual basis. Young patients may benefit from endovascular treatment despite larger infarcts. In case of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction, decompressive hemicraniectomy should be considered. Due to under-representation of young patients in past randomized controlled trials, analyses from these trials and prospective studies on this age group are needed.

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15

Winkler, Emily A. Conditional Kingship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812388.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 investigates narratives of becoming an English king, with particular emphasis on stories of royal accessions in the eleventh century in moments of disputed succession. It argues that the four historians created a new idea of English kingship: one in which anyone worthy, including a foreign conqueror, could become a true English king. All four writers diminish the significance of dynasty and being a natural English lord in favour of individual competence and royal responsibility, in different ways. For William of Malmesbury, legitimate succession depended primarily on a prospective king’s character. Henry emphasizes the desire and decision of the English in making a king. John of Worcester writes favourably of the House of Wessex, but king-making occurs in moments of reconciliation between contenders for the throne. For Gaimar, the succession of English kings is not dynastic, but rather a perpetual office wherein the king holds the kingdom of God.

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16

Lachance-Grzela, Mylène. Relationship and Sexual Functioning During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.16.

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There has been much debate among researchers in couple and family psychology on whether and how much the transition to parenthood affects partners’ conjugal life. This chapter provides a literature review aimed at determining what is currently known about relationship functioning and sexual functioning during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Most existing research on the subject reveals that the birth of a first child is associated with a decline in relationship satisfaction and sexual functioning. Recent data from prospective studies suggest that the transition from being a couple to being parents is actually associated with declines in relationship functioning over and above the normative declines reported by couples without children. This chapter examines the impact of individual, relational, and situational factors that have been proposed to explain this decline. Finally, the strengths and limitations of current research are discussed, and future research avenues are considered.

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17

Nolan, Jerry P., and Jasmeet Soar. Airway management in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0059.

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The most appropriate strategy for managing the airway during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on the skills of the rescuer. Tracheal intubation is probably the optimal method for securing the airway, but only when undertaken by a highly-skilled individual. In the absence of a skilled intubator, insertion of a supraglottic airway device (SAD) is probably the best way of managing the airway during CPR. Some recent observation studies have suggested worse outcomes for cardiac arrest patients managed with a SAD compared with those receiving tracheal intubation. Such studies are likely to include hidden confounders and prospective randomized controlled trials are awaited. Use of waveform capnography is mandatory whenever tracheal intubation is attempted, but will also provide useful information about the effectiveness of CPR and an early indication of ROSC, even when used with a SAD. Once return of spontaneous circulation has been achieved, the inspired oxygen concentration should be titrated to achieve arterial blood oxygen saturation in the range 94–98%.

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18

Dahm, Philipp, ed. 50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655341.001.0001.

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This book describes the most influential studies that have shaped today’s clinical practice of urology. Its scope spans the spectrum of clinical urology, including genitourinary oncology (prostate, renal, bladder, and testis cancer), stone disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, and female urology. Most included studies are landmark randomized controlled trials related to questions of therapy, but the selection also includes prospective observational cohort studies as well as some case series that have resulted in paradigm-shifting changes in patient management. Each individual study is succinctly presented using a standardized format that focuses on the most important aspects relating to its design and main findings. This is followed by a summary of relevant, closely related studies as well as a brief critique of each study’s limitations. The evidence-based format of this book is further underscored by the frequent reference to relevant clinical practice guidelines. Each chapter closes with a clinical scenario that presents a management question for which an expert clinician proposes an answer based on the current best evidence.

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19

Alexander, Patricia A., Emily M. Grossnickle, Denis Dumas, and Courtney Hattan. A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of Cognitive Strategies and Academic Development. Edited by Angela O'Donnell. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841332.013.23.

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This article offers a retrospective and prospective analysis of the role of cognitive strategies in students’ academic development over the past 25 years. The focus is on those processes that individuals employ to advance their own learning and understanding (learning strategies) and, to a lesser degree, those procedures applied to regulate and monitor that learning and understanding (metacognitive or self-regulatory strategies). Drawing on a groundbreaking review from 1988, the article examines how students’ epistemic beliefs—their beliefs about knowing and knowledge—may affect strategic engagement. It also considers students’ motivations or emotions that accompany learning and academic development and, therefore, strategic processing. Finally, it describes strategies associated with online learning, the barriers to being strategic in classrooms, and situations in which teachers and students can foster strategic thinking.

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20

MacLeod, Andrew. Prospection, well-being, and mental health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198725046.001.0001.

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The ability to think about the future is essential for functioning, and is also central to individual well-being and mental health. This book reviews the growing evidence for the link between prospection and well-being. A variety of aspects of prospection are discussed, including prediction and anticipation for future events, judging how we will feel when events do happen to us, and how we feel in the here-and-now when contemplating what will happen in the future. Each of these aspects of prospection is connected to experiences of well-being and mental health in different ways. Questions of bias and accuracy in prediction are also addressed in the context of discussing optimism and pessimism. Qualities of goals for the future that are strongly implicated in aspects of well-being and mental health are reviewed, along with the role that difficulties in planning how to reach goals play in states of low well-being. The book also attempts to reconcile the seeming contradiction between being mindful in the present and thinking about the future. Ways of trying to change problematic prospection are also reviewed in light of their ability to improve well-being and reduce psychological distress. It is not possible to think about the future without remembering the past, and the involvement of memory in prospection is discussed, especially in relation to memory difficulties producing difficulties in prospection. The book concludes by arguing that our well-being and mental health are intimately bound up with our subjective sense of a future life trajectory.

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21

Levy, David. History, epidemiology, and aetiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766452.003.0001.

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Outline of the key landmarks in the history of Type 1 diabetes. Epidemiology, focusing on its rising incidence and the increasing prevalence of later-onset autoimmune diabetes. Genetics are briefly covered; the evidence for and against the impact of a variety of environmental factors thought to be important in aetiology are emphasized, especially in relation to prospective randomized clinical trials (RCT) in early Type 1 diabetes, aiming to delay the onset of autoimmunity in high-risk individuals or slow the decline in C-peptide levels shortly after clinical diagnosis. The balance-risk hypothesis, which allows for inclusion of protective and promoting factors, is introduced.

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22

Gallagher, Sally K. Belonging. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190239671.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 assesses gender differences in the beliefs, practices, and ideas of community that draw women and men toward belonging. We tracked groups of individuals who were visiting or considering joining each congregation and interviewed most of them several times as they worked through the process of considering greater commitment to these congregations. We focus on three aspects of that process—the personal and religious history of prospective members, motivations for church shopping, and the substance that attracted women and men to these congregations. Gender differences in the experience of becoming a member are often less substantial or work in different directions than we might expect, given normative ideals around masculinity and femininity.

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23

French, Jeff. Commissioning social marketing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717690.003.0008.

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This chapter sets out some practical considerations and tips for organizations considering investing in external suppliers to provide either elements of a social marketing initiative or a whole initiative. Commissioning can be a highly cost-effective way of drawing on the necessary specialist skills that may not be present within organizations. It is a straightforward process, but it demands a systematic approach and the proactive management of prospective and successful suppliers. There are many issues that need to be considered when deciding to bring in external agencies or individuals to help develop, deliver, or evaluate your social marketing programme. This chapter provides some helpful checklists and questions to consider, as well as some guidance on managing suppliers of services.

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24

Wegman, Martin P., Frederick L. Altice, Sangeeth Kaur, Vanessa Rajandaran, Sutayut Osornprasop, David Wilson, David P. Wilson, and Adeeba Kamarulzaman. Relapse to Opioid Use in Opioid-Dependent Individuals Released from Compulsory Drug Detention Centres Compared with Those from Voluntary Methadone Treatment Centres in Malaysia: A Two-Arm, Prospective Observational Study. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/29360.

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25

Brunsson, Nils. When Sellers Create Markets. Edited by Anna Tyllström. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0006.

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Using empirical examples of two new markets for professional service, coaching services and public relations consultancy, we discuss how prospective sellers of a new product can engage in market creation. For example, sellers must create fundamental market components, such as a good that is defined and perceived as new, buyers who can be convinced that the new good can be a commodity in a market, competitors, and forms for exchange. In so doing sellers face a specific set of market dilemmas and challenges. For instance, how can they strike a balance between presenting a good as new or old? How do they control whether buyers are individuals or organizations? How can they support the creation of an optimal number of competitors? And how do they decide what to compete with? The handling of such dilemmas and challenges is dependent on the type of good exchanged.

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26

Sica, Emanuele. Collaboration and Accommodation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039850.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the concept of “collaboration” in the Italian occupation of the French Riviera, with particular emphasis on the range of opportunities for unscrupulous and desperate individuals to better their interests. The Vichy government fully embraced state-level collaboration, whereby it actively sought a collaboration beyond the armistice treaty in order to be considered a reliable partner in the prospective Nazi New Order. However, ordinary French also interacted with various degrees with the occupier, be it German or Italian. Philippe Burrin has divided these relationships into roughly three categories, which he labeled “accommodations”: structural accommodations, opportunist accommodations, and political accommodations. This chapter shows that, as in other parts of France, the majority of the “collaborators” were not ideologically motivated and that their real motivations remain unclear; this is evident in the ambivalent and complex relationships between Italian soldiers and local women. It also suggests that the Fourth Army on the French Riviera was bent on opportunist accommodations.

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27

Rushton, Cynda Hylton. Mapping the Path of Moral Adversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619268.003.0004.

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An alternative path for addressing moral adversity and the resultant moral suffering engages the focal points in a cycle of imperiled integrity in response to moral harms, wrongs, failures, or other forms of moral adversity. Initially moral stress, a neutral state of readiness to respond that will eventually involve an appraisal as positive or negative, may be experienced. Depending on this appraisal and individual capabilities, moral stress may be rebalanced, released, or resolved, engaging our moral resilience to proactively or prospectively respond to moral adversity. Alternatively, when the moral stress of imperiled integrity exceeds our capacities and becomes unmanageable or overwhelming, it can instigate a pathway leading to moral suffering that includes moral distress, outrage, and injury. In some instances moral suffering leads to recalcitrant or persistent forms of moral decline. When moral resilience including a process of moral repair is leveraged, integrity can be restored.

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28

Viola, Judah J., and Olya Glantsman, eds. Diverse Careers in Community Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190457938.001.0001.

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The goal of Diverse Careers in Community Psychology is to (1) highlight the diversity of career options for someone with community psychology training; (2) provide details about the different types of careers (e.g., tasks involved, benefits and challenges, salary range, and so on); and (3) list the steps one can take to develop skills and position oneself for such a career. This text provides a better understanding of the diverse career options available for people who train in community psychology (CP), and how the CP competencies are put into practice across the full spectrum of job titles and career paths that a community psychologist might follow. The book includes 23 chapters authored by 30 different community psychologists with various backgrounds, interests, and areas of expertise, who provide examples of what it is like to work in their settings. The book also includes a summary of a first-of-its-kind career survey of over four hundred individuals in the field. It is our hope that this text will help current, prospective, and former students in community psychology and related fields, as well as professionals interested in expanding or changing their careers, to find an ideal career path.

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29

Houssais, Sylviane, Lily Hechtman, and Rachel G. Klein. Long-Term Outcomes of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0003.

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This chapter summarizes the long-term clinical and functional outcomes of children diagnosed with ADHD at a mean age of eight years (probands), followed prospectively for 33 years. Outcomes are summarized in adolescence, early adulthood, and mid-adulthood. Compared with matched controls, probands showed greater persistence of ADHD and greater prevalence of Conduct Disorder (CD), Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in late adolescence. These dysfunctions continued into early adulthood, even when ADHD remitted for the majority of the sample, and were associated with deficits in educational and occupational attainment. The disproportionally high rate of CD, APD, and SUD translated to significantly higher rates of criminality, risk-taking behavior, risk-related medical outcomes, and elevated obesity rates in adulthood. The study’s findings suggest that childhood ADHD predisposes to maladjustment in adolescence and adulthood, particularly in a subset of individuals who develop CD/APD early on.

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30

Lavand’homme, Patricia, and Fabienne Roelants. Persistent pain after caesarean delivery and vaginal birth. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0025.

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Persistent pain after childbirth has recently received a lot of attention as potentially many women could be affected. Several pain syndromes including pelvic girdle pain, low back pain, and headaches occur during the pregnancy and can persist after delivery. The prevalence of chronic pain directly related to the delivery, at 6 months and later after childbirth, is however very low (< 2%) compared to chronic pain which occurs after other types of tissue trauma as in common surgical procedures. Acute pain is a major risk factor in the development of persistent pain after surgery and trauma. After childbirth, the severity of acute pain, independent of the mode of delivery (i.e. the degree of tissue damage) only predicts an increased risk of persistent pain (a 2.5-fold increase) at 2 months but not later. An individual’s pain response seems to be the most relevant factor in the development of persistent pain. In retrospective studies, patient-specific risk factors, such as a pre-existing chronic pain condition or pain elsewhere, were predictive factors. In prospective studies, the low incidence of persistent pain at 6 and 12 months make the analysis of risk factors unreliable.

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31

Bannerman, Gordon. Political Science at the LSE: A History of the Department of Government, from the Webbs to COVID. Edited by Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey. Ubiquity Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bcn.

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This monograph traces the emergence and evolution of the LSE Government Department from 1895 to 2020, focusing on the personalities that guided the development of the Department, the social and political contexts the Department existed within, its research agenda and course structure, and the location of the Department in British politics. It also charts the evolution of the discipline of political science in Britain itself. The volume is divided chronologically into four chapters, each covering roughly similar time periods in the Departments’ history and focused on the events that shaped it: personalities, events, and location. Key themes are the development of political science in Britain, the impact of location on the LSE Government Department, the professionalisation of academia in Britain, and the microcosm the Department presents of British political life during each time period. The conflicts between progressive and conservative forces is a recurring theme which helps to link the internal dynamics of theDepartment with the wider social and political contexts that occurred from the beginning of the School to its 125th anniversary. The volume uses detailed archival research, particularly in the early chapters, as well as over thirty interviews with a range of individual with unique perspectives on the Department. These include current and former faculty and students (ranging from academics such as Christopher Hood and Tony Travers to graduates who have subsequently become politicians, such as Anneliese Dodds, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer), as well as others with strong links to the Department, such as Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai and Andrew Bailey, Bank of England Governor. This monograph offers a wealth of insights on the history of political science not only at the LSE, but in British academia more broadly. It speaks to a wide historical and social science audience concerned with Fabian and socialist history, the history of politics and education, and the development of British political science. Of course, it will also appeal to more immediate audiences, such as prospective and current students, alumni and others throughout the wider LSE community. As a history of the LSE, as well as of the development of British higher education, it serves as both a specific case study and a general representative of wider trends within universities during the twentieth century. A unique feature of this monograph is that it represents the collective efforts of students from the LSE Government Department (including undergraduate, MSc and PhD), who worked under the leadership of Dr Gordon Bannerman (British Historian) and Professor Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey (Head of Government Department). This unusual collaboration has enabled a richer array of perspectives on the history of the Department, but has also brought the monograph to life with personal ties to the Department itself.

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32

Resource availability and utilization of the mental retardation and related conditions waiver, the community alternative care waiver, the community alternatives for disabled individuals waiver, and the traumatic brain injury waiver: A report to the Minnesota Legislature. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Dept. of Human Services, Disability Services Division, 2006.

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33

Infurna, Frank J., and Eranda Jayawickreme. Redesigning Research on Post-Traumatic Growth. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197507407.001.0001.

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The literature on post-traumatic growth has been instrumental in highlighting the human capacity to overcome adversity by illuminating different pathways that individuals may follow when confronted with adversity. However, while the theme of “strength from adversity” is attractive and central to many disciplines and certain cultural narratives, these claims lack robust empirical evidence. Specific methodological issues include the ubiquity of retrospective assessments of post-traumatic growth. Conceptually, limitations exist in the examination of which outcomes are most appropriate for studying post-traumatic growth. The authors present an overview of directions that new research should focus on in order to overcome these limitations, with a focus on prospective longitudinal designs that incorporate multiple methods of assessments and the value of integrating these disciplines for furthering our understanding of the human capacity to overcome adversity. The book is divided into four substantive sections to more thoroughly examine the conceptual and methodological limitations of this literature: (1) current challenges in examining post-traumatic growth, (2) methodological advancements (with a focus on innovative assessment strategies), (3) research in specific populations (cancer survivors, US minority communities, armed forces personnel and older adult samples), and (4) new directions for research (focusing on examining event characteristics of adverse events as well as narrative identity, wisdom, and open-mindedness as key growth outcomes).

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34

Pezo-Lanfranco, Luis Nicanor. Bioarqueologia e Antropologia Forense: Métodos de escavação, recuperação e curadoria de ossos humanos. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-376-3.

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This book presents a synthesis on the necessary methods and techniques for the correct excavation, recovery and conservation of human remains, as well as notions of sampling and analysis of bones, useful for an adequate study of funeral contexts in conventional (bio)archaeological research or forensic-anthropology. As this book was written primarily for archeology students and archeologists with little training in bone handling, the language is easy-to-follow. The book is divided into two sections that roughly correspond to the two phases in which the method of analysis of human bones can be divided. In the first section, we describe the Phase I or field work that includes recovery methods, from the prospection and identification of burial sites, excavation and recording, field-sampling techniques, to the packaging and transport of bones to the laboratory. In the second part of the book, Phase II or laboratory work, we describe the treatment that should be given to bones from their arrival to laboratory of analysis to the final storage. In this section, we show the methods of cleaning and preparation of bones for further analysis, some basic notions on restoration and conservation, and relevant information about sampling techniques and their scientific principles to obtain information from the examined individual. Along the text we emphasize the informative potential of each analysis from the bioarchaeological and anthropological-forensic viewpoint.

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