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1
OCHIAI, Hisao, Naomichi MIYAZAKI, Tomoko MIYATA, Akio MITAKE, Osamu TOCHIKUBO, and Masao ISHII. "Assessment of the Accuracy of Indirect Blood Pressure Measurements." Japanese Heart Journal 38, no. 3 (1997): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1536/ihj.38.393.
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Anderson, FD, SG Cunningham, and JP Maloney. "Indirect blood pressure measurement: a need to reassess." American Journal of Critical Care 2, no. 4 (July 1, 1993): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1993.2.4.272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Indirect blood pressure measurement is the assessment tool used most frequently in epidemiological studies and hypertension management in the population at large. OBJECTIVE: To review indirect blood pressure measurement within the context of nursing practice. RESULTS: Nurses are not following recommended American Heart Association measurement guidelines. CONCLUSION: A national program of certification in indirect blood pressure measurement, similar to that of basic and advanced cardiac life support, is needed. An initial approach to evaluating present practice is also suggested.
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Geelhoed, Wouter Jan, Reshma A. Lalai, Joep H. Sinnige, Patrick J. Jongeleen, Cornelis Storm, and Joris I. Rotmans. "Indirect Burst Pressure Measurements for the Mechanical Assessment of Biological Vessels." Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods 25, no. 8 (August 2019): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0133.
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Fry, Donna, and Toni Chiara. "Pulmonary Dysfunction, Assessment, and Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-12.3.97.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pulmonary muscle weakness is a symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) that begins early in the disease process, although it is often not recognized by health-care providers until later stages. Standard pulmonary function tests are not effective in detecting this reduction in pulmonary muscle strength. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures are indirect measures of pulmonary muscle strength that are effective in detecting early changes. Once detected, pulmonary muscle weakness is effectively treated with pressure threshold load inspiratory and expiratory muscle exercises that can be implemented using inexpensive handheld pressure threshold load muscle training devices. These exercises require little time and are effective in patients with any level of disability.
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Chen, Hai Bin, Li Wang, Su Xin Gao, and Xiao Jun Tong. "The Assessment Method and Application of Indirect Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In indirect detecting, the measure value and the measured value are not the same or there is not a determined relationship between them, the measure physical value has to be surmised according to the measured value from statistics principals. Based on traditional and failure detecting method, the assessment methods of two different test conditions are deduced by the whole presumption method, theoretical formula of the confidence intervals, the method of probability and statistics. Moreover, the standard of qualification or unqualification is presented. The examples of engineering have shown that concrete strength is judged qualification with high probability. This method is used not only in test of building structure, especially in the evaluation of earthquake, but also popularizes to other domains, strength detecting for bridges, the pressure vessel, aircraft wing etc.
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Biou, D., P. Thérond, A. Israël, and J. F. Demelier. "Rapid assessment of albumin concentration by immunoturbidimetry." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.4.620.
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Abstract The dye-binding methods involving bromcresol green and bromcresol purple may seriously overestimate albumin in serum that has a below-normal albumin/globulin ratio, particularly in nephrotic syndrome hypoalbuminemia. To overcome this problem, we developed a new immunoturbidimetric method for albumin with use of a centrifugal analyzer. Results by this method (y) and by radial immunodiffusion (x) agreed well and yielded the regression equation: y = 0.91x + 1.33 (n = 40, r = 0.96). Compared with laser immunonephelometry, our method is easier and faster (15 min for the overall determination). Thus, the proposed immunoturbidimetric method is particularly suitable for the rapid indirect assessment of oncotic pressure and indirectly for monitoring intravascular body fluids.
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Kimura, Genjiro, and Barry M. Brenner. "Indirect Assessment of Glomerular Capillary Pressure from Pressure-Natriuresis Relationship: Comparison with Direct Measurements Reported in Rats." Hypertension Research 20, no. 2 (1997): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1291/hypres.20.143.
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Bard, Michael C., Thomas V. McCaffrey, David H. Slavit, and Richard J. Lipton. "Noninvasive Technique for Estimating Subglottic Pressure and Laryngeal Efficiency." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 7 (July 1992): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949210100706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The clinical assessment of aerodynamic parameters is important in the physiology and pathophysiology of laryngeal function. Vocal efficiency is among these objective measurements and can be calculated from simultaneous recordings of subglottic pressure, airflow, and sound intensity. Modern techniques allow us to accurately determine sound intensity and airflow. However, methods to determine subglottic pressure are either invasive or laborious. We have evaluated a noninvasive, indirect method to determine subglottic pressure by using a technique based on the interruption of transglottic airflow during phonation. The correlation between the indirectly acquired subglottic pressure measured in the oral cavity by using this technique and the subglottic pressure obtained directly by translaryngeal puncture in human volunteers was highly significant in 35 trials (r = .92, p < .01). This study describes a reliable technique for the noninvasive measurement of subglottic pressure, sound intensity, and airflow.
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Werner-Moller, Per, Soren Sondergaard, Stephan M. Jakob, Jukka Takala, and David Berger. "Effect of volume status on the estimation of mean systemic filling pressure." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 1503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00897.2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Various methods for indirect assessment of mean systemic filling pressure (MSFP) produce controversial results compared with MSFP at zero blood flow. We recently reported that the difference between MSFP at zero flow measured by right atrial balloon occlusion (MSFPRAO) and MSFP estimated using inspiratory holds depends on the volume status. We now compare three indirect estimates of MSFP with MSFPRAO in euvolemia, bleeding, and hypervolemia in a model of anesthetized pigs ( n = 9) with intact circulation. MSFP was estimated using instantaneous beat-to-beat venous return during tidal ventilation (MSFPinst_VR), right atrial pressure-flow data pairs at flow nadir during inspiratory holds (MSFPnadir_hold), and a dynamic model analog adapted to pigs (MSFPa). MSFPRAO was underestimated by MSFPnadir_hold and MSFPa in all volume states. Volume status modified the difference between MSFPRAO and all indirect methods (method × volume state interaction, P ≤ 0.020). All methods tracked changes in MSFPRAO concordantly, with the lowest bias seen for MSFPa [bias (confidence interval): −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.0) mmHg]. We conclude that indirect estimates of MSFP are unreliable in this experimental setup. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For indirect estimations of MSFP using inspiratory hold maneuvers, instantaneous beat-to-beat venous return, or a dynamic model analog, the accuracy was affected by the underlying volume state. All methods investigated tracked changes in MSFPRAO concordantly.
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Hanna, A. W., G. Ambrosii, and A. D. McConnell. "Investigation of a coarse alluvial foundation for an embankment dam." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-030.
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Investigation of the coarse alluvial foundation for the Pichi Picun Leufu embankment dam is described and evaluated. Direct and indirect investigation methods are compared and an assessment is made of their relative adequacy in order to gain a realistic understanding of foundation conditions. Indirect methods—dynamic cone penetration testing and shear wave velocity measurement—calibrated by comparative testing in a test embankment, have been found to provide a satisfactory means of evaluating the density of thick alluvial deposits below the water table. Relationships of relative density, penetration resistance, and shear wave velocity are discussed. Dynamic penetration resistance normalized for effective overburden pressure appears to be the more sensitive indicator of changes in material density. Key words: coarse alluvium, relative density, dynamic penetration, shear wave velocity, test embankment, overburden pressure.
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Ruetzler, Kurt, Maciej Dudek, Dominka Dunder, and Lukasz Szarpak. "Ultrasound assessment of the optic nerve sheath as an indirect method of diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure." Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal 4, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/demj.2019.0004.
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Choi, Joo Hwan, Tong Seop Kim, and Bu Ho Kwak. "Performance Prediction and Economic Assessment of Atmospheric Pressure MCFC/Gas Turbine Hybrid System with Indirect Turbine Firing." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2014.38.1.031.
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Burberi, Corrado, Erika Ghignoni, Lorenzo Pinelli, and Michele Marconcini. "Validation of an URANS approach for direct and indirect noise assessment in a high pressure turbine stage." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.040.
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Romani, Luca, Alessandro Bianchini, Giovanni Vichi, Alessandro Bellissima, and Giovanni Ferrara. "Experimental Assessment of a Methodology for the Indirect in-Cylinder Pressure Evaluation in Four-Stroke Internal Combustion Engines." Energies 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081982.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent innovations in engine control and diagnostics are providing room for development of innovative combustion approaches (e.g., low-temperature combustion) able to minimize the creation of pollutants. To ensure the constant fulfillment of the prescribed thermodynamic conditions, however, a fast real-time monitoring of the in-cylinder pressure is needed. To this end, dynamic pressure sensors, flush-mounted on the cylinder head, are commonly used. With this approach, the measurement accuracy is high, but the durability is limited by the harsh working conditions. The installation on the cylinder head is also complex. The development of robust and effective indirect measurement systems could then represent the enabler of a further development of this technology. In the present study, an innovative methodology to measure the in-cylinder pressure has been conceived and extensively tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder engine. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of the mechanical stress on the engine studs by means of a piezoelectric strain washer. This solution allows the user for a rapid and cost-effective sensor installation, described in the paper along with the signal post-processing techniques. Results showed good accuracy and robustness of the methodology, making the results of practical use for engine control.
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Beluque, Tamyris, Bruna Natali da Costa, Beatriz de Carvalho Pato Vila, Vinícius Bentivóglio Costa Silva, and Marlos Gonçalves Sousa. "Echocardiographic techniques for assessing pulmonary artery pressure." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): e44932309. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i3.2309.
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This paper aims to perform an analysis of the indirect methods of pulmonary artery pressure assessment based on the scientific literature. Through bibliographic survey, scientific articles were selected according to their relevance to the theme.The assessment of pulmonary artery pressure allows to infer whether the individual has pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is associated with a poor prognosis in dogs diagnosed with mitral valve degeneration. The standard examination is pulmonary artery catheterization, but this method has not been used in routine veterinary medicine because the clinical status of the animal usually does not allow sedation and it is a costly procedure. The diagnosis of PAH in small animals through Doppler echocardiography can be obtained by evaluating the regurgitation of the tricuspid or pulmonary valve, subjective characteristics and measurement of the acceleration time (AT) and the acceleration time-to-ejection time ratio of pulmonary artery (AT:ET), pulmonary artery-to-pulmonary vein ratio, distensibility of the right pulmonary artery (RAPD), and assessment of right ventricular function, especially TEI index and strain. The aim of this review was to demonstrate the main echocardiographic techniques to estimate PAH, with the intention of contributing to the cardiologist in the diagnosis of PAH. All techniques have positive and negative factors however, it is important to emphasize that there is no ideal technique, and the most assertive way to arrive at the diagnosis is to associate the different techniques.
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Machado, Juliana Pereira, Eugenia Velludo Veiga, Paulo Alexandre Camargo Ferreira, José Carlos Amado Martins, Ana Carolina Queiroz Godoy Daniel, Amanda dos Santos Oliveira, and Patrícia Costa dos Santos da Silva. "Theoretical and practical knowledge of Nursing professionals on indirect blood pressure measurement at a coronary care unit." Einstein (São Paulo) 12, no. 3 (September 2014): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082014ao2984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective To determine and to analyze the theoretical and practical knowledge of Nursing professionals on indirect blood pressure measurement. Methods This cross-sectional study included 31 professionals of a coronary care unit (86% of the Nursing staff in the unit). Of these, 38.7% of professionals were nurses and 61.3% nurse technicians. A validated questionnaire was used to theoretical evaluation and for practice assessment the auscultatory technique was applied in a simulation environment, under a non-participant observation. Results To the theoretical knowledge of the stages of preparation of patient and environment, 12.9% mentioned 5-minute of rest, 48.4% checked calibration, and 29.0% chose adequate cuff width. A total of 64.5% of professionals avoided rounding values, and 22.6% mentioned the 6-month deadline period for the equipment calibration. On average, in practice assessment, 65% of the steps were followed. Lacks in knowledge were primary concerning lack of checking the device calibration and stethoscope, measurement of arm circumference to choose the cuff size, and the record of arm used in blood pressure measurement. Conclusion Knowledge was poor and had disparities between theory and practice with evidence of steps taken without proper awareness and lack of consideration of important knowledge during implementation of blood pressure measurement. Educational and operational interventions should be applied systematically with institutional involvement to ensure safe care with reliable values.
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Łuszczki, Edyta, Anna Bartosiewicz, Katarzyna Dereń, Maciej Kuchciak, Łukasz Oleksy, Artur Stolarczyk, and Artur Mazur. "The Diagnostic-Measurement Method—Resting Energy Expenditure Assessment of Polish Children Practicing Football." Diagnostics 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Establishing the amount of energy needed to cover the energy demand of children doing sport training and thus ensuring they achieve an even energy balance requires the resting energy expenditure (REE) to be estimated. One of the methods that measures REE is the indirect calorimetry method, which may be influenced by many factors, including body composition, gender, age, height or blood pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the resting energy expenditure of children regularly playing football and selected factors that influence the REE in this group. The study was conducted among 219 children aged 9 to 17 using a calorimeter, a device used to assess body composition by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of segment analyzer and a blood pressure monitor. The results of REE obtained by indirect calorimetry were compared with the results calculated using the ready-to-use formula, the Harris Benedict formula. The results showed a significant correlation of girls’ resting energy expenditure with muscle mass and body height, while boys’ resting energy expenditure was correlated with muscle mass and body water content. The value of the REE was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) than the value of the basal metabolic rate calculated by means of Harris Benedict formula. The obtained results can be a worthwhile suggestion for specialists dealing with energy demand planning in children, especially among those who are physically active to achieve optimal sporting successes ensuring proper functioning of their body.
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Naumenkova, Svitlana, Ievgen Tishchenko, Svitlana Mishchenko, Volodymyr Mishchenko, and Viktor Ivanov. "Assessment and mitigation of credit risks in project financing." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(1).2020.08.
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Lending to long-term investment projects in fragile countries requires additional financial instruments to control the sustainability of project cash flows and to increase the borrower’s financial discipline in debt servicing. This paper analyzes the special aspects of using financial covenants as credit risk mitigation instruments in project financing in Ukraine. It also argues that regulatory requirements to maintain financial strength indicators at the appropriate level have an indirect impact on the change in project finance loan rates. The study primarily aims at developing approaches to defining a credit rate corridor for an investment project, depending on changes in the values of financial sustainability indicators. The implementation of the proposed approach allows increasing the validity of credit risk components for investors and optimizing capital value for borrowers.As required by international practice, violation of covenant terms is the trigger for satisfying the creditors’ claims. According to the authors’ conclusions, the use of financial covenants as a tool for protecting the creditors’ interests should not be an instrument of unreasonable financial pressure on borrowers. The study reveals benefits and drawbacks of using financial covenants to mitigate credit risk and reduce the probability of a borrower default in the field of project financing in Ukraine.
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Chacaltana, Flor Diana Yokoay Claros, João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto, and Ione Terezinha Denardin. "Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry." Ciência Rural 46, no. 8 (May 10, 2016): 1466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.
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Mason, Kazlin, and Jamie Perry. "The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the Study of the Velopharynx." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 5 (January 2017): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig5.35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed significantly to our understanding of the velopharyngeal mechanism and is the only imaging modality that allows for visualization of the internal musculature in vivo. Although velopharyngeal dysfunction often can be perceived through indirect assessments such as perceptual ratings, acoustic analysis, and pressure-flow assessment, these indirect methods can fail to identify the underlying cause of hypernasality or velopharyngeal dysfunction due to the inability to visualize the primary muscles responsible for speech. Direct imaging methods, such as nasendoscopy or videofluoroscopy, present drawbacks and are limited in the information that is provided within the oral and nasal cavities, as well as the posterior pharynx. MRI studies have enhanced our knowledge of the velopharyngeal system and offer a foundation to establish the utility of using MRI clinically to improve speech outcomes for children with cleft palate and craniofacial anomalies. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the underlying principles of MRI, describe the advantages and disadvantages of MRI, and discusses a standard protocol for assessing velopharyngeal anatomy.
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Whitesall, Steven E., Janet B. Hoff, Alan P. Vollmer, and Louis G. D'Alecy. "Comparison of simultaneous measurement of mouse systolic arterial blood pressure by radiotelemetry and tail-cuff methods." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 6 (June 2004): H2408—H2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01089.2003.
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Radiotelemetry of mouse blood pressure accurately monitors systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity but requires surgical implantation. Noninvasive measurements of indirect systolic blood pressure have long been available for larger rodents and now are being reported more frequently for mice. This study compared mouse systolic arterial blood pressure measurements using implanted radiotelemetry pressure transducer with simultaneous tail-cuff measurements in the same unanesthetized mice. The pressure range for comparison was extended by inducing experimental hypertension or by observations of circadian elevations between 3 AM and 6 AM. Both trained and untrained tail-cuff operators used both instruments. Every effort was made to follow recommended manufacturer's instructions. With the initial flow-based tail-cuff instrument, we made 671 comparisons (89 sessions) and found the slope of the linear regression to be 0.118, suggesting poor agreement. In an independent assessment, 277 comparisons (35 sessions) of radiotelemetry measurements with the pulse based tail-cuff instrument were made. The slope of the linear regression of the simultaneous measurements of systolic pressures was 0.98, suggesting agreement. Bland-Altman analysis also supported our interpretation of the linear regression. Thus although reliable systolic pressure measurements are possible with either tail-cuff or radiotelemetry techniques, in our hands some tail-cuff instruments fail to accurately detect elevated blood pressures. These data, however, do not distinguish whether this instrument-specific tail-cuff failure was due to operator or instrument inadequacies. We strongly advise investigators to obtain an independent and simultaneous validation of tail-cuff determinations of mouse blood pressure before making critical genotyping determinations.
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Pillai, V. S., and P. M. Byrne. "Effect of overburden pressure on liquefaction resistance of sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of overburden pressure on liquefaction resistance of sand is studied and results of a site-specific investigation are presented. When estimating liquefaction resistance of sand from the indirect approach using the chart suggested by Seed et al. (1984) a correction factor Kσ is applied to account for vertical effective overburden stresses larger than 1 tsf. Published data indicate a decrease in Kσ with increased confining stress but with a wide range of Kσ values for the same confining stresses, predicting significantly differing liquefaction resistance. The effect of confining stresses on liquefaction resistance was investigated as part of a comprehensive seismic assessment of Duncan Dam in British Columbia. The results indicate that Kσ is dependent on confining stresses and the relative density of the soil, and values are generally significantly higher than much of the previously published data. Key words : liquefaction, sand, confining stress, density, cyclic resistance ratio.
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Celi, Jorge E., and Stephen K. Hamilton. "Measuring Floodplain Inundation Using Diel Amplitude of Temperature." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 6189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Assessment of inundation patterns across large and remote floodplains is challenging and costly. Inexpensive loggers that record the damping of the diel amplitude of temperature (DAT) when submerged compared to overlying air can indirectly indicate inundation. We assessed the efficacy of this approach in tropical, subtropical, and temperate floodplains by comparing direct water level measurements using pressure transducers with the indirect indication of inundation ascertained from the DAT at the same location. The approach worked better in tropical than in subtropical and temperate floodplains. However, the relatively small DATs of air in humid and densely vegetated settings made estimation of inundation more challenging compared to the drier and less vegetated settings, where a large diel range of air temperature was markedly damped beneath the water. The indirect temperature approach must be calibrated for a particular ecosystem using direct water-level measurements to define DAT thresholds that are indicative of submergence of the sensors. Temperature provides an inexpensive indicator of duration of inundation that can be particularly useful in studies of large and remote floodplains, although the development of inexpensive sensors that directly measure submergence (e.g., by resistivity) will likely become a better option in the future.
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McGuigan, Benjamin L., Olajide Samuel Oshati, Bethanie A. Parker, and Arun J. Valsangkar. "Post-construction performance of induced trench rigid culverts." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 11 (November 2016): 1807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Induced trench construction is commonly used to reduce earth pressures on rigid circular and box culverts. Most of the reported literature pertains to the performance of induced trench culverts during construction and shortly after construction. This paper addresses the post-construction performance of induced trench culverts. First, results of field inspection reports are presented as an indirect assessment of performance of 90 induced trench culverts installed in New Brunswick that have been in service for up to 24 years. Second, earth pressure measurements are presented from three case studies where prototype installations were monitored over periods ranging from 4 to 9 years. The case studies presented include a single circular culvert, a cast-in-place double-cell box culvert, and a twin circular culvert installation. The fill heights above the instrumented structures varied from 19 to 25 m. All the available data from both the field inspections and earth pressure measurements indicate that the culverts installed in induced trenches are performing in a satisfactory manner.
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Husmann, Marc, Vincenzo Jacomella, Christoph Thalhammer, and Beatrice R. Amann-Vesti. "Markers of arterial stiffness in peripheral arterial disease." Vasa 44, no. 5 (September 2015): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000452.
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Abstract. Increased arterial stiffness results from reduced elasticity of the arterial wall and is an independent predictor for cardiovascular risk. The gold standard for assessment of arterial stiffness is the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Other parameters such as central aortic pulse pressure and aortic augmentation index are indirect, surrogate markers of arterial stiffness, but provide additional information on the characteristics of wave reflection. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterised by its association with systolic hypertension, increased arterial stiffness, disturbed wave reflexion and prognosis depending on ankle-brachial pressure index. This review summarises the physiology of pulse wave propagation and reflection and its changes due to aging and atherosclerosis. We discuss different non-invasive assessment techniques and highlight the importance of the understanding of arterial pulse wave analysis for each vascular specialist and primary care physician alike in the context of PAD.
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Lefebvre, Alain, and David Devreker. "First Comprehensive Quantitative Multi-Parameter Assessment of the Eutrophication Status from Coastal to Marine French Waters in the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080561.
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The first quantitative and comprehensive assessment of the eutrophication status from coastal to offshore French waters was performed within the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD descriptor 5) for the English Channel, the southern bight of the North Sea, the Celtic Seas, the Bay of Biscay and the Western Mediterranean Sea. Based on a combination of different data sources (in situ, satellite, and modeling products), a fully-integrated dataset was generated over the period 2010–2016. Using the best available knowledge on the eutrophication process and definition, the assessment procedure was implemented considering nutrient pressures, and direct and indirect effects of excessive inputs. The different steps of the assessment were: (i) Establishment of assessment levels and thresholds, (ii) development of methodology for aggregation and integration of data, and (iii) qualification of the Environmental Status. We investigated how reliable this assessment procedure was when considering other complementary information. Results highlighted that, despite efforts in recent decades to reduced nutrient inputs, the pressure on coastal marine ecosystems was still high. We discuss options for improving the coherence between MSFD and other similar approaches and associated monitoring programs. This study identifies areas where an increased monitoring effort is needed to improve the assessment and where environmental management actions are of priority.
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Staub, M., H. Thouement, C. Remy, U. Miehe, G. Grützmacher, P. Roche, E. Soyeux, and B. David. "Aquifer recharge with reclaimed water: life-cycle assessment of hybrid concepts for non-potable reuse." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, no. 2 (December 10, 2014): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aquifer recharge with reclaimed water is a promising means to store and supply on demand reclaimed water of high quality for further non-potable reuse. The reuse applications may include indirect agricultural or landscape irrigation, saltwater intrusion barriers, subsidence mitigation or aquifer replenishment. As an alternative to high-pressure or double-membrane systems, hybrid schemes consisting of a disinfection/filtration step prior to aquifer recharge were assessed in this study regarding their environmental footprint and energy efficiency. A simplified life-cycle assessment (LCA) for a hypothetical case study in a water-scarce country was conducted to compare these hybrid schemes to a double-membrane system working under similar conditions. The results show that there is a significant margin for lowering the environmental impact, energy demand and operational costs if non-potable water quality is targeted. While the hybrid schemes outperform high-pressure membranes for these factors, land footprint and final water quality also need to be considered in the choice of solution for specific conditions.
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Daruis, D. D. I., B. M. Deros, M. J. M. Nor, and M. Hosseini Fouladi. "Relationship between Objective and Subjective Methods in Evaluating Static Discomfort of Car Driver Seat." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4997–5003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4997.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective method alone is insufficient in measuring discomfort of car seats. It is indirect and does not truly convey the perception and feeling of the sitter. A combination of both objective and subjective method gives better evaluation on discomfort. Seat pressure distribution method was adopted to investigate the static characteristic of a seat. The method was found to be statistically repeatable in measuring sitting of fourteen male subjects in static condition. Subjective discomfort through subjective assessment using a valid and reliable self-established questionnaire together with a body pressure map (BPM) showed increasing discomfort as sitting time increase; which is expected. The short term seat pressure distribution was used to be correlated with subjective assessment. Significant and moderate correlation was observed between four local body parts namely the seat pan bolster, thighs, upper back and lower back with overall seat average pressure BPM used in the subjective evaluation. Multiple linear regression model were established; overall discomfort from averaged pressure from BPM can be predicted from right & left buttock, right & left thigh and upper back & lower back. It was found that R-Sq=93.5%, R-Sq (adj) = 83.7% with moderately adequate predictive ability with predicted R-Sq= 46.77%.
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Räikkönen, Minna, Susanna Kunttu, Teuvo Uusitalo, Josu Takala, Shah Rukh Shakeel, Sara Tilabi, Teppo Forss, and Juha Koivunen. "A Framework for Assessing the Social and Economic Impact of Sustainable Investments." Management and Production Engineering Review 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2016-0027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Investments towards sustainable development are vital for the future and they must be carefully planned to deliver immediate and long-term benefits. Hence, the ability to communicate the forms of impact of sustainable investments to local societies, people, investors and other stakeholders can provide a competitive advantage. However, the assessments are often under pressure to demonstrate short-term effects rather than emphasise the long-term impact. In addition, indirect and intangible forms of impacts should not be measured solely in economic terms. This paper proposes an assessment framework to support the integrated economic and social impact assessment of sustainable investments aimed at improving physical and socio-economic wellbeing. The framework is demonstrated in two case studies: new construction and renovation investments in affordable housing and social impact investment in sustainable development. The investments in the case studies are evaluated, selected and prioritized not only in terms of money but also with regard to sustainability, social acceptability and their overall impact on society, as a whole. The results indicate that a systematic integrated assessment of monetary and non-monetary factors can be successfully combined with the sustainable development decisions.
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VOGELER, I., G. LUCCI, and M. SHEPHERD. "An assessment of the effects of fertilizer nitrogen management on nitrate leaching risk from grazed dairy pasture." Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 3 (April 27, 2015): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000295.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYDairy farms are under pressure to increase productivity while reducing environmental impacts. Effective fertilizer management practices are critical to achieve this. In the present study the effect of timing and rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on pasture production and N losses, either via direct leaching of fertilizer N or indirectly through consumption of N in pasture and subsequent excretion via dairy cow grazing, was modelled. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was first tested with experimental data from N fertilizer response experiments conducted on a well-drained soil in the Waikato region of New Zealand. The model was then used in a 20-year simulation to investigate the effect of fertilizer management on the impacts on potential N leaching losses. Year-to-year variability was assessed by incorporating 20 years of climate data into the model. Modelling indicated that N fertilization at rates of 140 and 220 kg N/ha/year, applied in four split applications and avoiding application in winter months, could increase pasture yield on average by 2·2–3·0 t dry matter (DM)/ha (25–38%). There were some significant amounts of direct leaching in some years, related to environmental conditions. The maximum loss was as high as 61 kg N/ha at an N application rate of 220 kg N/ha/year, in a year with low pasture production and high rainfall following fertilizer application. In general, however, the risk of direct N leaching from applied fertilizer was low. It seems the main effect of N fertilization is to increase the risk of indirect N leaching, due to increased N intake and excretion. The modelling indicated that the major contribution to increased indirect N leaching risk was from the extra DM grown (more urine deposited per ha). Increased N concentration in the pasture due to fertilization and the resultant extra partitioning of excretal N to urine had only a minor effect on indirect leaching losses. The exception was N fertilizer applied in late winter/early spring (July), where fertilizer N (55 kg/ha) increased pasture N concentration byc. 25%, suggesting that the N concentration in urine patch areas could increase fromc. 550 to 840 kg N/ha. Further measurements are required to test the hypothesis developed from the modelling that the main effect of N fertilizer on urinary N leaching is by increasing DM production rather than increasing pasture N concentration.
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Bergland, Ola Undrum, Lene V. Halvorsen, Camilla L. Søraas, Ulla Hjørnholm, Vibeke N. Kjær, Stine Rognstad, Karl Marius Brobak, et al. "Detection of Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Treatment by Measurements of Serum Drug Concentrations." Hypertension 78, no. 3 (September 2021): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17514.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nonadherence to drugs is a challenge in hypertension treatment. We aimed to assess the prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug concentrations compared with 2 indirect methods and relate to the prescribed drug regimens in a nationwide multicenter study. Five hundred fifty patients with hypertension using ≥2 antihypertensive agents participated. We measured concentrations of 23 antihypertensive drugs using ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry and compared with patients’ self-reports and investigators’ assessment based on structured interview. We identified 40 nonadherent patients (7.3%) using serum drug concentrations. They had higher office diastolic blood pressure (90 versus 83 mm Hg, P <0.01) and daytime diastolic blood pressure (85 versus 80 mm Hg, P <0.01) though systolic blood pressures did not differ significantly. They had more prescribed daily antihypertensive pills (2.5 versus 2.1 pills, P <0.01) and total daily pills (5.5 versus 4.4 pills, P =0.03). Prescription of fixed-dose combination pills were lower among the nonadherent patients identified by serum concentrations (45.0 versus 67.1%, P <0.01). Fifty-three patients self-reported nonadherence, while the investigators suspected 69 nonadherent patients. These groups showed no or few differences in drug regimens, respectively. In summary, we detected 7.3% prevalence of nonadherence by serum drug measurements in patients using ≥2 antihypertensive agents in a nationwide study; they had higher office and ambulatory diastolic blood pressures, higher number of prescribed daily pills, more daily antihypertensive pills, and less frequent prescriptions of fixed-dose combination pills. Indirect methods showed poor overlap with serum drugs concentrations and no or minimal medication differences. Thus, serum measurements of drugs were useful in detection and characterization of nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03209154.
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Mokrova, Anna Viktorovna, Oleg Vladimirovich Zaitsev, Dmitry Anatolyevich Khubezov, Vladimir Alexandrovich Yudin, Sergey Vasilevich Tarasenko, Igor Vladimirovich Vasin, and Vladimir Viktorovich Barsukov. "The results of preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty without fixation of the mesh endoprosthesis in the experiment." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-2-97-101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study is experimental development of preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty with synthetic mesh, according assessment of the need of its fixation to the tissues.
Materials and methods. An inguinal hernia was simulated on human cadaveric material. The study used 27 male corpses. Two inguinal hernias were modeled on one corpse: on one side - indirect, on the other - direct. A polypropylene mesh (standard density, 15 x 15 cm) was placed in the preperitoneal space. The endoprosthesis was impacted from the side of the abdominal cavity by a special designed device. The effect of a peak intra-abdominal pressure of 200 mm Hg was simulated. The degree of displacement of the reticular endoprosthesis into the inguinal canal was estimated at the moment of peak pressure on it from inside the abdominal cavity. For a simulated indirect inguinal hernia, two variants of the technique were considered: with fixation of the endoprosthesis to the underlying tissues and without fixation. For the modulated direct inguinal hernia, the following options were considered: non-fixative, with fixation at one point to the pubis and with plasty of the transverse fascia.
Results. When modeling preperitoneal plasty of a direct inguinal hernia, there is a pronounced displacement of the endoprosthesis into the inguinal canal with a non-fixing plasty, unlike the method with transverse fascia plasty or fixation to the pubis. In indirect inguinal hernia, there was no significant displacement of the endoprosthesis in both considered variants.
Conclusions. According to the obtained results, conclusions were drawn on the need for additional plasty of the transverse fascia or fixation of the endoprosthesis at a single point in a direct inguinal hernia. With indirect inguinal hernia in the experiment, no significant difference in the displacement of the mesh endoprosthesis into the inguinal canal was obtained with and without fixation.
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Russo, Paola, Alessandra De Marco, and Fulvio Parisi. "Assessment of the Damage from Hydrogen Pipeline Explosions on People and Buildings." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 5051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Failure of a pipeline carrying gaseous hydrogen can have several effects, some of which can pose a significant threat of harm to people and damage to buildings in its immediate proximity. This paper presents a probabilistic risk assessment procedure for the estimation of damage to people and buildings endangered by high-pressure hydrogen pipeline explosions. Such a procedure provides an evaluation of annual probability of damage to people and buildings under an extreme event using a combination of the conditional probability of damage triggered by an explosion and the probability that the explosion occurs as a consequence of the pipeline failure. The release of hydrogen is simulated using the LimitState:SLAB model and the size of the hydrogen-air cloud in the flammability range is evaluated, then overpressure and impulse generated by the blast are evaluated through the Netherland Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) model, while explosion effects on people and buildings are estimated through Probit equations and pressure–impulse diagrams. As for people, both direct and indirect effects of overpressure events are taken into account. For buildings, a comparison of the damage to different types of buildings (i.e., buildings made of reinforced concrete and buildings of tuff stone masonry) is also made. The probabilistic procedure presented may be used for designing a new hydrogen pipeline network and will be an advantageous tool for safe management of H2 gas pipelines.
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Schnabel, Uta, Oliver Handorf, Kateryna Yarova, Björn Zessin, Susann Zechlin, Diana Sydow, Elke Zellmer, et al. "Plasma-Treated Air and Water—Assessment of Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects for Sanitation of Food Processing Surfaces and Environment." Foods 8, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8020055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The synergistic antimicrobial effects of plasma-processed air (PPA) and plasma-treated water (PTW), which are indirectly generated by a microwave-induced non-atmospheric pressure plasma, were investigated with the aid of proliferation assays. For this purpose, microorganisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pectobacterium carotovorum, sporulated Bacillus atrophaeus) were cultivated as monocultures on specimens with polymeric surface structures. Both the distinct and synergistic antimicrobial potential of PPA and PTW were governed by the plasma-on time (5–50 s) and the treatment time of the specimens with PPA/PTW (1–5 min). In single PTW treatment of the bacteria, an elevation of the reduction factor with increasing treatment time could be observed (e.g., reduction factor of 2.4 to 3.0 for P. carotovorum). In comparison, the combination of PTW and subsequent PPA treatment leads to synergistic effects that are clearly not induced by longer treatment times. These findings have been valid for all bacteria (L. monocytogenes > P. carotovorum = E. coli). Controversially, the effect is reversed for endospores of B. atrophaeus. With pure PPA treatment, a strong inactivation at 50 s plasma-on time is detectable, whereas single PTW treatment shows no effect even with increasing treatment parameters. The use of synergistic effects of PTW for cleaning and PPA for drying shows a clear alternative for currently used sanitation methods in production plants. Highlights: Non-thermal atmospheric pressure microwave plasma source used indirect in two different modes—gaseous and liquid; Measurement of short and long-living nitrite and nitrate in corrosive gas PPA (plasma-processed air) and complex liquid PTW (plasma-treated water); Application of PTW and PPA in single and combined use for biological decontamination of different microorganisms.
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Pashos, George, George Pantazopoulos, and Ioannis Contopoulos. "A Comprehensive CFD Model for Dual-Phase Brass Indirect Extrusion Based on Constitutive Laws: Assessment of Hot-Zone Formation and Failure Prognosis." Metals 8, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8121043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A numerical method for the precise calculation of temperature, velocity and pressure profiles of the α-β brass indirect hot extrusion process is presented. The method solves the Navier–Stokes equations for non-Newtonian liquids with strain-rate and temperature-dependent viscosity that is formulated using established constitutive laws based on the Zener–Hollomon type equation for plastic flow stress. The method can be implemented with standard computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, has relatively low computational cost, and avoids the numerical artifacts associated with other methods commonly used for such processes. A response surface technique is also implemented, and it is thus possible to build a reduced order model that approximately maps the process with respect to all combinations of its parameters, including the extrusion speed and brass phase constitution. The reduced order model can be a very useful tool for production, because it instantaneously provides important quantities, such as the average pressure or the temperature of hot-spots that are formed due to the combined effect of die/billet friction and the generation of heat from plastic deformation (adiabatic shear deformation heating). This approach can assist in the preliminary evaluation of the metal flow pattern, and in the prediction and prevention of critical extrusion failures, thus leading to subsequent process and product quality improvements.
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Zhang, Xue Liang, Wen Ji Wang, Wen Jin Wang, and Nong Cao. "Effectiveness and Safety of Controlled Venous Pressure in Liver Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/290234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. To investigate the effectiveness and safety of controlled venous pressure in liver surgery and further to compare the clinical outcomes of low central venous pressure by infrahepatic inferior vena cava clamping (IVCC) and intraoperative anesthetic control (IAC).Methods. Online databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical trials.gov, and China biology medicine database were comprehensively searched. After identifying relevant studies out of the search results, quality assessment was performed according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane collaboration. And meta-analysis was performed by both direct comparison and indirect comparison.Results. Thirteen studies containing 1252 patients were included. Compared with control, controlled venous pressure significantly decreased central venous pressure, total blood loss, blood loss during transection, transfusion rate, and total incidence of complications. Further analysis of IVCC and IAC showed that there was no significant difference in aspects of main clinical outcomes.Conclusions. Controlled venous pressure significantly decreased central venous pressure and achieved improvement of bleeding control in liver surgery. It reduced total incidence of complications and chest infection, while it caused concerns about heart disorder. Although IVCC was not worse than IAC in therapeutic effect, a superiority between them still needs to be explored.
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Dawkins, Sarah. "Impact Assessment on a Newly Implemented Service Utilising Recovery Nurses as Transfer Nurses, Incorporating a Literature Review of Pressure Ulcer Reduction Strategies, i.e. Mattress and Overlay Types, for Patients on Hospital Trolleys." British Journal of Anaesthetic and Recovery Nursing 13, no. 3-4 (August 2012): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742645612000447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA new service was implemented as a pilot scheme. It utilised Recovery Nurses as transfer Nurses, to return patients to a ward following surgery, thereby reducing patient wait times on hospital trolleys. Patient wait times, on hospital trolleys raised concerns for tissue viability, which had implications for increased in-patient length of stay and costs. An impact assessment of the new service was undertaken to identify and analyse the direct and indirect impacts of the pilot scheme.A systematic review of Government literature over the preceding two decades highlighted patient experience and pressure ulcer reduction was high on their agenda. There was little published literature around overlays and mattress types for hospital trolleys as preventative measures for pressure ulcers, yet pressure area care can be traced back to 1962.The lack of nationally agreed guidelines to assess the suitability of the standard hospital trolley still remains a problem, and research was not able to provide clear, discrete answers to clinicians, to aid decision making. Hospital trolley mattresses need to have the same value placed upon them as bed mattresses and pressure-relieving devices and more risk management strategies need to be utilised for pressure sore prevention, where trolleys are concerned.
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Elhag, Mohamed, and Jarbou A. Bahrawi. "Soil salinity mapping and hydrological drought indices assessment in arid environments based on remote sensing techniques." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-149-2017.
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Abstract. Vegetation indices are mostly described as crop water derivatives. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is one of the oldest remote sensing applications that is widely used to evaluate crop vigor directly and crop water relationships indirectly. Recently, several NDVI derivatives were exclusively used to assess crop water relationships. Four hydrological drought indices are examined in the current research study. The water supply vegetation index (WSVI), the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), the moisture stress index (MSI) and the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) are implemented in the current study as an indirect tool to map the effect of different soil salinity levels on crop water stress in arid environments. In arid environments, such as Saudi Arabia, water resources are under pressure, especially groundwater levels. Groundwater wells are rapidly depleted due to the heavy abstraction of the reserved water. Heavy abstractions of groundwater, which exceed crop water requirements in most of the cases, are powered by high evaporation rates in the designated study area because of the long days of extremely hot summer. Landsat 8 OLI data were extensively used in the current research to obtain several vegetation indices in response to soil salinity in Wadi ad-Dawasir. Principal component analyses (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) analyses are complementary tools used to understand the regression pattern of the hydrological drought indices in the designated study area.
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Lau, Wing Yin, Anthony J. Blazevich, Michael J. Newton, Sam Shi Xuan Wu, and Kazunori Nosaka. "Assessment of Muscle Pain Induced by Elbow-Flexor Eccentric Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 50, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.11.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common muscle pain that many people experience and is often used as a model of acute muscle pain. Researchers have reported the effects of various interventions on DOMS, but different DOMS assessment protocols used in these studies make it difficult to compare the effects. Objective: To investigate DOMS characteristics after elbow-flexor eccentric exercise to establish a standardized DOMS assessment protocol. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy, untrained men (21–39 years). Intervention(s): Participants performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Main Outcome Measure(s): Indirect muscle-damage markers were maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque, range of motion, and serum creatine kinase activity. Muscle pain was assessed before exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1 to 5 days postexercise using (1) a visual analog scale (VAS), (2) a category ratio-10 scale (CR-10) when applying static pressure and palpation at different sites (3, 9, and 15 cm above the elbow crease), and (3) pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs) at 50 sites (pain mapping). Results: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction and range of motion decreased and creatine kinase activity increased postexercise, indicating muscle damage. Palpation induced greater pain than static pressure, and longitudinal and transverse palpations induced greater pain than circular palpation (P < .05). The PPT was lower in the medial region before exercise, but the pain-sensitive regions shifted to the central and distal regions of the biceps brachii at 1 to 3 days postexercise (P < .05). The VAS was correlated with the CR-10 scale (r = 0.91, P < .05) but not with the PPT (r = −0.28, P = .45). Conclusions: The way in which muscles are assessed affects the pain level score. This finding suggests that pain level and pain threshold cannot be used interchangeably and that the central and distal regions of the biceps brachii should be included in DOMS assessment using the VAS, CR-10 scale, and PPT after elbow-flexor eccentric exercise.
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Defrin, Ruth, Heba Beshara, Tali Benromano, Kutaiba Hssien, Chaim G. Pick, and Miriam Kunz. "Pain Behavior of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Coded with the New PAIC-15 and Validation of Its Arabic Translation." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pain management necessitates assessment of pain; the gold standard being self-report. Among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), self-report may be limited and therefore indirect methods for pain assessment are required. A new, internationally agreed upon and user-friendly observational tool was recently published—the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC-15). The current study’s aims were: to test the use of the PAIC-15 in assessing pain among people with IDD and to translate the PAIC-15 into Arabic for dissemination among Arabic-speaking professionals. Pain behavior following experimental pressure stimuli was analyzed among 30 individuals with IDD and 15 typically developing controls (TDCs). Translation of the PAIC followed the forward–backward approach; and reliability between the two versions and between raters was calculated. Observational scores with the PAIC-15 exhibited a stimulus–response relationship with pressure stimulation. Those of the IDD group were greater than those of the TDC group. The overall agreement between the English and Arabic versions was high (ICC = 0.89); single items exhibited moderate to high agreement levels. Inter-rater reliability was high (ICC = 0.92). Both versions of the PAIC-15 are feasible and reliable tools to record pain behavior in individuals with IDD. Future studies using these tools in clinical settings are warranted.
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Young, Colin N., and Robin L. Davisson. "In vivo assessment of neurocardiovascular regulation in the mouse: principles, progress, and prospects." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 3 (September 2011): H654—H662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00355.2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A growing body of evidence indicates that a number of common complex diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and obesity, are characterized by alterations in central neurocardiovascular regulation. However, our understanding of how changes within the central nervous system contribute to the development and progression of these and other diseases remains unclear. As with many areas of cardiovascular research, the mouse has emerged as a key species for investigations of neuroregulatory processes because of its amenability to highly specific genetic manipulations. In parallel with the development of increasingly sophisticated murine models has come the miniaturization and advancement in methodologies for in vivo assessment of neurocardiovascular end points in the mouse. The following brief review will focus on a number of key direct and indirect experimental approaches currently in use, including measurement of arterial blood pressure, assessment of cardiovascular autonomic control, and evaluation of arterial baroreflex function. The advantages and limitations of each methodology are highlighted to allow for a critical evaluation by the reader when considering these approaches.
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Hillman, Robert E., Eva B. Holmberg, Joseph S. Perkell, Michael Walsh, and Charles Vaughan. "Objective Assessment of Vocal Hyperfunction." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 2 (June 1989): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3202.373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report describes the experimental design and initial results of an ongoing clinical investigation of voice disorders. Its major focus is the development and use of quantitative measures to provide objective descriptions of conditions referred to as "vocal hyperfunction." The experimental design for this project is based on a descriptive theoretical framework, which holds that there are different types and stages of hyperfunctionally related voice disorders. Data consist of indirect measures derived from noninvasive aerodynamic and acoustic recordings including (a) parameters derived from inverse filtered approximations of the glottal air flow waveform; (b) estimates of transglottal pressure, average glottal air flow, glottal resistance and vocal efficiency; and (c) measures of vocal intensity and fundamental frequency. Initial results (based on comparisons among 15 voice patients and 45 normal speakers) support major assumptions that underlie the theoretical framework, and indicate that the measurement approach being utilized is capable of differentiating hyperfunctional from normal voices and hyperfunctional conditions from one another. Organic manifestations of vocal hyperfunction (nodules, polyps, contact ulcers) are accompanied by abnormally high values for the glottal waveform parameters of AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting increased potential for vocal fold trauma due to high vocal fold closure velocities and collision forces. In contrast, nonorganic manifestations of hyperfunction (functional disorders) tend to be associated with abnormally high levels of unmodulated DC flow, without high values for AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting reduced potential for vocal fold trauma. Measures also suggest different underlying mechanisms for nodules and polyps as compared to contact ulcers. Results are discussed relative to predictions based on the theoretical framework for vocal hyperfunction.
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Famfulik, Jan, Michal Richtar, Jakub Smiraus, Petra Muckova, Branislav Sarkan, and Pavel Dresler. "Internal combustion engine diagnostics using statistically processed Wiebe function." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 23, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2021.3.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the article is to present the concept of an indirect diagnostic method using the assessment of the variability of the amount of released heat (mass fraction burn) and the heat release rate. The Wiebe function for the assessment of variability has been used. The Wiebe function parameters from the course of the high-pressure indication in the cylinder of internal combustion engine using linear regression have been calculated. From a sufficiently large number of measured samples, the upper and lower limits of the Wiebe function parameters have been statistically determined. Lower and upper limits characterize variability of the heat release process not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of heat release rate. The assessment of variability is thus more complicated than using one integral indicator, typically the mean value of amount of the released heat. The procedure enabling a more accurate estimation of heat generation beginning has been shown. For the combustion process variability assessment of the engine, statistical test of relative frequencies has been used.
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Niewiadomski, Wiktor, Dorota Laskowska, Anna Gąsiorowska, Gerard Cybulski, Anna Strasz, and Józef Langfort. "Determination and Prediction of One Repetition Maximum (1RM): Safety Considerations." Journal of Human Kinetics 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-008-0008-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Determination and Prediction of One Repetition Maximum (1RM): Safety ConsiderationsStrength training is recommended for slowing age-dependent deterioration of muscular strength and for rehabilitating patients with muscle weakening illnesses. Reliable assessment of muscle strength is important for proper design of strength training regimes for prevention, rehabilitation, and sport. One repetition maximum (1RM) is an established measure of muscular strength and is defined as the value of resistance against which a given movement can be performed only once. Proper assessment of 1RM is time consuming, and may lead to muscle soreness as well as temporary deterioration of the function of the tested muscles. Attempts at indirect 1RM determination based on the maximum number of repetitions performed have predicted 1RM with a variable degree of accuracy. Cardiovascular safety has been neglected in 1RM determination, although arterial blood pressure increases considerably when exercising against maximal or near maximal resistance. From the perspective of cardiovascular safety, favorable 1RM measurement methods should avoid performance of repetitions until failure; movement against high resistance and muscle fatigue both increase blood pressure. Although such techniques are likely less accurate than the current methods, their prediction accuracy be sufficient for therapeutic strength training.
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Chengwang, Wang, Chen Shuai, Chen Gaojie, and Lu Han. "Research on support vector machine method for comprehensive evaluation after compression." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502072.
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Hydraulic fracturing is one of the important measures to increase production of oil and gas reservoirs. Pressure after the assessment of the existing technology is usually divided into direct and indirect diagnosis of hydraulic fracture. The diversity of evaluation results is due to the uncertainty and immaturity of the technology itself. Up to now, we have not found an economical and accurate hydraulic fracture evaluation method in the development and application of fracturing technology. In this paper, the pressure treatment technology after the comprehensive evaluation of boundary conditions is studied. By introducing the support vector regression theory, an evaluation model and a solution for correcting fracturing parameters are proposed. Fracturing parameters include fracture length, fracture height, fracture width, integrated fracturing fluid leakage coefficient, fracture conductivity, fracture closure pressure, and so on. For the optimization of various parameters, objective and scientific comprehensive evaluation results can be obtained by selecting different kernel functions. The results show that the model and method based on support vector machine are effective and practical.
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Hosack, Geoffrey R., and Verena M. Trenkel. "Functional group based marine ecosystem assessment for the Bay of Biscay via elasticity analysis." PeerJ 7 (August 9, 2019): e7422. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The transitory and long-term elasticities of the Bay of Biscay ecosystem to density-independent and density-dependent influences were estimated within a state space model that accounted for both process and observation uncertainties. A functional group based model for the Bay of Biscay fish ecosystem was fit to time series obtained from scientific survey and commercial catch and effort data. The observation model parameters correspond to the unknown catchabilities and observation error variances that vary across the commercial fisheries and fishery-independent scientific surveys. The process model used a Gompertz form of density dependence, which is commonly used for the analysis of multivariate ecological time series, with unknown time-varying fishing mortalities. Elasticity analysis showed that the process model parameters are directly interpretable in terms of one-year look-ahead prediction elasticities, which measure the proportional response of a functional group in the next year given a proportional change to a variable or parameter in the current year. The density dependent parameters were also shown to define the elasticities of the long term means or quantiles of the functional groups to changes in fishing pressure. Evidence for the importance of indirect effects, mediated by density dependence, in determining the ecosystem response of the Bay of Biscay to changes in fishing pressure is presented. The state space model performed favourably in an assessment of model adequacy that compared observations of catch per unit effort against cross-validation predictive densities blocked by year.
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Bramski, Jessica H., Rachel A. Reed, Kathryn A. Diehl, Kira L. Epstein, and Clare A. Ryan. "Evaluation of transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for indirect assessment of intracranial pressure in anesthetized and standing healthy adult horses." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 31, no. 3 (April 27, 2021): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vec.13061.
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Arrighi, Chiara, Maria Pregnolato, and Fabio Castelli. "Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): 1955–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1955-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Floods are one of the most frequent and damaging natural threats worldwide. Whereas the assessment of direct impacts is well advanced, the evaluation of indirect impacts is less frequently achieved. Indirect impacts are not due to the physical contact with flood water but result, for example, from the reduced performance of infrastructures. Linear critical infrastructures (such as roads and pipes) have an interconnected nature that may lead to failure propagation, so that impacts extend far beyond the inundated areas and/or period. This work presents the risk analysis of two linear infrastructure systems, i.e. the water distribution system (WSS) and the road network system. The evaluation of indirect flood impacts on the two networks is carried out for four flooding scenarios, obtained by a coupled 1D–quasi-2D hydraulic model. Two methods are used for assessing the impacts on the WSS and on the road network: a pressure-driven demand network model and a transport network disruption model respectively. The analysis is focused on the identification of (i) common impact metrics, (ii) vulnerable elements exposed to the flood, (iii) similarities and differences of the methodological aspects for the two networks, and (iv) risks due to systemic interdependency. The study presents an application to the metropolitan area of Florence (Italy). When interdependencies are accounted for, results showed that the risk to the WSS in terms of population equivalent (PE/year) can be reduced by 71.5 % and 41.8 %, if timely repairs to the WSS stations are accomplished by 60 and 120 min respectively; the risk to WSS in terms of pipe length (km yr−1) reduces by 53.1 % and 15.6 %. The study highlights that resilience is enhanced by systemic risk-informed planning, which ensures timely interventions on critical infrastructures; however, for indirect impacts and cascade effects, temporal and spatial scales are difficult to define. Perspective research could further improve this work by applying a system-risk analysis to multiple urban infrastructures.
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Poselyugina, O. B., S. A. Nilova, V. S. Volkov, and Al Galban Hakhed. "Clinical and functional manifestations of hypervolemia in patients with arterial hypertension." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 10, no. 2 (April 20, 2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2011-2-13-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim. To identify clinical and functional manifestations of hypervolemia in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods. In total, 440 patients with Stage I-II AH were examined, including assessment of salt taste sensitivity threshold (STST), 24-hour urinary Na excretion, and NaCl excretion. In addition, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM), echocardiography (EchoCG), and psychological status assessment (SMOL, MOS SF-36) were performed. Results. In 50,5% of AH patients, daily salt intake (assessed by 24-hour NaCl excretion) was ≥16,8 g, due to adding salt to food, as well as to reduced STST. Higher salt intake was associated with more advanced clinical and functional AH manifestations. Indirect markers of hypervolemia in AH patients included higher salt intake, low effectiveness of standard antihypertensive therapy (AHT), disturbed circadian BP rhythm with inadequate nighttime BP reduction, and EchoCG signs of left ventricular volume overload. Conclusion. Complex examination of AH patients helps to identify individuals with clinical and functional manifestations of hypervolemia.
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Yang, Jun, Jean-Michel I. Maarek, and Daniel P. Holschneider. "In vivo quantitative assessment of catheter patency in rats." Laboratory Animals 39, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0023677054307033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Formation of fibrin sleeves around catheter tips is a central factor in catheter failure during chronic implantation, and such tissue growth can occur despite administration of anticoagulants. We developed a novel method for monitoring catheter patency. This method recognizes the progressive nature of catheter occlusion, and tracks this process over time through measurement of changes in catheter resistance to a standardized 1 mL bolus infusion from a pressurized reservoir. Two indirect measures of catheter patency were used: (a) reservoir residual pressure and (b) reservoir discharge time. This method was applied to the study of catheter patency in rats comparing the effect of catheter material (silastic, polyurethane, Microrenathane™), lock solution (heparin, heparin/dexamethasone) and two different cannulation sites (superior vena cava via the external jugular vein, inferior vena cava via the femoral vein). Our findings reveal that application of flexible smaller-size silastic catheters and a dexamethasone lock solution resulted in prolonged catheter patency. Patency could be maintained over nine weeks with the femoral vein catheters, compared with five weeks with the external jugular vein catheters. The current method for measuring catheter patency provides a useful index for the assessment of tissue growth around the catheter tip. The method also provides an objective and quantitative way of comparing changes in catheter patency for different surgical methods and catheter types. Our method improves on the conventional method of assessing catheter occlusion by judging the ability to aspirate from the catheter.