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Статті в журналах з теми "Indigenous, demography, fertility, Australia"

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Carmichael, Gordon A. "Indigenous fertility in Australia: updating Alan Gray." Journal of Population Research 36, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 283–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-019-09233-w.

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Abstract Although he was not the first scholar to investigate it, there is little question that the Ph.D. research of Alan Gray, completed in 1983, represented a landmark in the study of Indigenous fertility in Australia. Convinced that ‘Aboriginal’ fertility had fallen rapidly through the 1970s, Gray set out to document and explain the decline. Weaving through a maze of sub-optimal census data he produced a series of age-specific and total fertility rates, refined by three broad geographic location categories, for 5-year periods from 1956–1961 to 1976–1981. These he subsequently updated to also include 1981–1986 and the 10-year period 1986–1996 as new census children-ever-borne data became available. He would doubtless have extended his series further had he lived to do so. For years his fertility estimates were graphed in the annual ABS publication Births Australia as the Bureau began publishing registration-based Indigenous fertility estimates from the late 1990s, but Indigenous birth registration data and fertility estimates based thereon remain to this day problematic in several respects. This paper summarises Alan Gray’s work, extends his Indigenous fertility estimates to the 2011–2016 intercensal period, and examines the results against registration-based estimates that have been subjected to (a) regular retrospective revision (in light of data processing flaws and substantial errors of closure in intercensal Indigenous population increments), and (b) the vagaries of significant late registration, and periodic registry efforts to clear backlogs of unregistered Indigenous births.
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2

Johnstone, Kim. "Indigenous fertility in the Northern Territory of Australia: what do we know? (and what can we know?)." Journal of Population Research 27, no. 3 (September 2010): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-011-9048-3.

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3

Vázquez-Sandrín, Germán, and Elsa Ortiz-Ávila. "Planificación familiar y fecundidad de la población indígena en el México urbano." Papeles de Población 26, no. 103 (March 31, 2020): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2020.103.06.

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This article aims to analyze the relationship between the three indigenous groups of generations fertility levels, the type of birth, the place of birth and the use of contraceptive methods to de-scribe how it has influenced these generations the fertility medicalization. In the same way, the events sequence mentioned above in the life course of indigenous women is explored and a lo-gistic model is adjusted. The data source used is the Retrospective Demographic Survey of 2011. The results showed that the trajectories associated with the fertility medicalization, especially hospital birth and cesarean birth, are strongly associated with the offspring reduction in both indigenous and total women.
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4

Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal, and Peter McDonald. "Fertility and Multiculturalism: Immigrant Fertility in Australia, 1977–1991." International Migration Review 34, no. 1 (March 2000): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400109.

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This article examines the fertility patterns of immigrant groups in Australia during the period, 1977–1991. In this period, the previous policies of assimilation or integration of immigrants into mainstream culture were set aside in favor of a policy of multiculturalism, one of the dimensions of which was support for maintenance of culture. The general finding of research relating to the period prior to multiculturalism was that immigrants adapted to Australian fertility patterns. This study examines whether immigrants and their children in the era of multiculturalism have been more likely to maintain the fertility patterns of their country of origin than was the case in the past. The study concludes that while adaptation to Australian patterns remains the dominant feature of the fertility patterns of immigrants, Italian and Greek Australians show evidence of cultural maintenance.
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5

Newman, Lareen A., and Graeme J. Hugo. "Women’s fertility, religion and education in a low-fertility population: Evidence from South Australia." Journal of Population Research 23, no. 1 (March 2006): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03031867.

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6

Taylor, John. "Indigenous demography and public policy in Australia: population or peoples?" Journal of Population Research 26, no. 2 (May 8, 2009): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-009-9010-9.

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7

Bremner, Jason, Richard Bilsborrow, Caryl Feldacker, and Flora Lu Holt. "Fertility beyond the frontier: indigenous women, fertility, and reproductive practices in the Ecuadorian Amazon." Population and Environment 30, no. 3 (January 2009): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-009-0078-0.

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8

Hugo, Graeme. "Declining fertility and policy intervention in Europe: Some lessons for Australia?" Journal of the Australian Population Association 17, no. 2 (November 2000): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03029464.

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9

Newman, Lucile F. "Women's Medicine: A Cross-Cultural Study of Indigenous Fertility Regulation." Studies in Family Planning 16, no. 6 (November 1985): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1967062.

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10

Young, Christabel. "No Rising Generation. Women and Fertility in Late Nineteenth-Century Australia." Population Studies 45, no. 1 (March 1991): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000145356.

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11

Bonner, Suzanne, and Dipanwita Sarkar. "Who responds to fertility-boosting incentives? Evidence from pro-natal policies in Australia." Demographic Research 42 (March 13, 2020): 513–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2020.42.18.

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12

Hollerbach], [Paula E., and Lucile F. Newman. "Women's Medicine: A Cross-Cultural Study of Indigenous Fertility Regulation." Population and Development Review 12, no. 3 (September 1986): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1973238.

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13

Taylor, John, and Martin Bell. "Towards Comparative Measures of Circulation: Insights from Indigenous Australia." Population, Space and Place 18, no. 5 (November 17, 2011): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.695.

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14

Taylor, John, and Martin Bell. "Population Mobility and Indigenous Peoples: the View from Australia." International Journal of Population Geography 2, no. 2 (June 1996): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1220(199606)2:2<153::aid-ijpg19>3.0.co;2-u.

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15

Grace, Kathryn, and Stuart Sweeney. "Ethnic Dimensions of Guatemala’s Stalled Transition: A Parity-Specific Analysis of Ladino and Indigenous Fertility Regimes." Demography 53, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-015-0452-8.

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16

Price, Neil. "The changing value of children among the Kikuyu of Central Province, Kenya." Africa 66, no. 3 (July 1996): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160960.

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Анотація:
Within demography, high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa was considered until recently to reflect a demand for children firmly rooted in indigenous social institutions, which were resistant to external forces of change. On the basis of findings from recent Demographic and Health Surveys, Caldwell et al. (1992) suggest that many of the institutional supports for high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa—such as lineage-based descent systems, polygyny, bridewealth, extended kinship structures, child fostering, and communal land tenure—are being eroded. This article considers changes in the value of children among the Kikuyu of Central Province, Kenya, and the extent to which the social institutions which have traditionally supported high fertility have persisted. Fieldwork undertaken in two ethnically homogenous communities, one rural and one peri-urban, reveals significant variation in the fertility motives and value of children in the two communities. In the rural community many of the indigenous social supports for high fertility, although modified, cohere. In the context of economic insecurity and lack of access to land (especially for women without sons), manipulation of customary kinship and marriage practices (supported by the persistence of many indigenous religious beliefs and ideologies about fertility) has become strategically important for realising fertility desires. There is, however, unmet demand for modern contraception, due largely to lack of access to and the poor quality of family planning services. In contrast, in the peri-urban community, where access to family planning services is relatively good, there has been effective legitimation of fertility regulation and the use of modern contraception is widespread. There is markedly less economic insecurity: wage labour opportunities are available, and some women have successfully challenged male control over land. Consequently, there is reduced demand for children, although a number of the indigenous cultural supports for high : fertility retain residual importance.
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17

Hern, Warren M. "Health and demography of native Amazonians: historical perspective and current status." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 7, no. 4 (December 1991): 451–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1991000400002.

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Native Amazonians have been the victims of two massive historical assaults, one at the time of the Conquest and the other during the Twentieth century. Due to epidemic disease and environmental destruction, many tribes have gone from contact to displacement, decimation, and extinction in a single generation. Deculturation and the construction of large development projects have had catastrophic effects on native populations. In many ways, native Amazonians have experienced a reverse of the "Epidemiologic Transition". Paradoxically, one of the effects of cultural disruption for some native Amazonians has been the loss of cultural controls on fertility with the result that high fertility has become a major health problem. Combined with rapid growth of non-indigenous Amazonian populations, deforestation, and urbanization, native Amazonians face grave obstacles to long-term survival.
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18

Bradley, Steve, Mirko Draca, Colin Green, and Gareth Leeves. "The magnitude of educational disadvantage of indigenous minority groups in Australia." Journal of Population Economics 20, no. 3 (July 26, 2006): 547–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-006-0076-9.

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19

Clark, Ian D. "Onomastic Palimpsests and Indigenous Renaming: Examples from Victoria, Australia." Names 65, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00277738.2017.1369744.

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20

McDonald, Peter, and Helen Moyle. "Women as Agents in Fertility Decision-making: Australia, 1870-1910." Population and Development Review 44, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/padr.12140.

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21

Rallu, Jean Louis. "Australia and Pacific Islander Migration." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300209.

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The net migration gains of Pacific Islands-born to Australia increased steeply from 1986, mostly due to migration from Fiji in 1987–1988 after the coups. This is reflected in the differing migration trends and characteristics of the Fiji-born compared to other Islander migrants. Australia also receives secondary migrants from New Zealand, facilitated by the free movement of residents allowed by the Trans-Tasman Agreement. Due to poor job opportunities in the Islands and economic restructuring in the countries of the Pacific rim, Island states seem to have adopted a policy of increased brain drain to ensure remittances flows. This could also be related to changing fertility rates in the Islands in the 1980s.
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22

O’Flaherty, Martin, Janeen Baxter, Michele Haynes, and Gavin Turrell. "The Family Life Course and Health: Partnership, Fertility Histories, and Later-Life Physical Health Trajectories in Australia." Demography 53, no. 3 (May 17, 2016): 777–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0478-6.

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23

Biddle, Nicholas, and John Taylor. "Demographic Consequences of the ‘Closing the Gap’ Indigenous Policy in Australia." Population Research and Policy Review 31, no. 4 (April 27, 2012): 571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-012-9235-8.

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24

Parr, Nick, and Ross Guest. "The contribution of increases in family benefits to Australia’s early 21st-century fertility increase: An empirical analysis." Demographic Research 25 (July 19, 2011): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2011.25.6.

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25

Bagavos, Christos. "On the multifaceted impact of migration on the fertility of receiving countries: Methodological insights and contemporary evidence for Europe, the United States, and Australia." Demographic Research 41 (July 2, 2019): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2019.41.1.

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26

Guest, Ross, and Nick Parr. "Fertility, immigration, and lifetime wages under imperfect labor substitution." Journal of Demographic Economics 86, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 503–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2020.3.

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AbstractThis paper provides new insights into the effect of birth cohort size on cohort lifetime wages and its sensitivity to the future trajectories of immigration and fertility. The main innovation is to relax the typical assumption of perfect substitution of labor by age. The effect of imperfect substitution of labor by age is to qualify the standard result that smaller birth cohorts are likely to enjoy relatively high wages since that result depends on the size of co-worker cohorts. The positive small cohort effect on lifetime wages therefore depends on demographic patterns, which are simulated here through low and high fertility and immigration projections. The analysis applies to actual and projected cohorts for Australia and tests the sensitivity to alternative demographic parameters, and the substitution and discount parameters. The effects of imperfect substitution can amount several percentage points of lifetime wages.
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27

Henderson, Scott. "Focus on psychiatry in Australia." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 1 (January 2000): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.1.97.

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Humankind has been present on the Australian continent for at least 40 000, some say 60 000 years, remarkably adapted to the environment and having a cultural tradition appreciated by few Caucasians. White people have been here for only 200 years; and psychiatry for about half of that. We know nothing about the mental health of pre-contact indigenous peoples; but we now know a little about the ways in which mental disorders are explained and treated by traditional methods. In two centuries, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islands communities, which are very diverse, have been steadily reduced to become only 1.5% of the population. From settlement in 1788 until the 1950s, most non-aboriginal Australians were of Anglo-Saxon or Celtic origin. Since the Second World War, the pattern of immigration has greatly enriched Australian life, first through large numbers of people from the Mediterranean littoral, Western Europe and the Balkans, and more recently from south-east Asia. Ethnic diversity is now evident in most peoples' daily lives – whom you see in the street, whom you work alongside, who your friends are, what you eat and who you have as patients. So the present Australian population of 18 million has undergone a marked change in demography and lifestyle within only two generations. Like the people, psychiatry is also changing rapidly. Where are the changes taking place? What is it like to be a psychiatrist here at present? Where has there been success and where has there been failure? Where is there lots of action?
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28

CHANDOLA, T., D. A. COLEMAN, and R. W. HIORNS. "Distinctive features of age-specific fertility profiles in the English-speaking world: Common patterns in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States, 1970-98." Population Studies 56, no. 2 (January 2002): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324720215929.

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29

Zander, Kerstin K., Andrew J. Taylor, and Dean B. Carson. "Impacts of Service and Infrastructure Provision on Indigenous Temporary Mobility in the Northern Territory of Australia: Insights from the 2011 Census." Population, Space and Place 22, no. 1 (July 14, 2014): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.1871.

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30

Gummow, A., Kirby, Callinan, Heydon, and J. Crennan. "Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (Appellant) v. Qaah of 2004 & Anor (Respondents) High Court of Australia." International Journal of Refugee Law 19, no. 2 (June 12, 2007): 293–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eem016.

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31

O'Connor, Mike. "The Impact of Demographic Factors on Student Attendance in Queensland State Secondary Schools." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 31, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v31i1.289.

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This article analyses the impact of three demographic factors on student attendance 0ver a three-year population level statistical analysis of student attendance rates in Queensland (Australia) state secondary schools. Whole school attendance rates were mapped against the demographic factors of schools’ Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage (ICSEA) values, proportion of Indigenous students within the school, and school population size as independent variables to identify which schools recorded the highest student attendance as measured by proportion of students with more than 95 per cent average attendance across the years 2014-2016. The geographic and demographic profile of these schools were then assessed to guide direction for future research. The data from this sample of schools indicates no significant relationship between high levels of student attendance and the three independent variables. Subsequent analysis of school location resulted in identification of a significant number of schools in rural locations attaining excellent attendance rates against both study sample schools and state benchmarks. It is evident that several schools have successfully navigated what might be considered challenging school demography to attain higher than average attendance rates. Despite the age of this data, no significant system-wide attendance improvement is presently evident, and the same conditions of challenge remain for schools. The findings suggest a need for a more forensic approach to analysis of school climate and culture to determine factors contributing to student attendance. The data from this sample of schools indicates no significant relationship between high levels of student attendance and the three independent variables, challenging long held assumptions that low socio-economic status and high proportion of indigeneity are significant causal factors for low rates of school attendance. Subsequent analysis of school location resulted in identification of a significant number of schools in rural locations attaining excellent attendance outcomes against both study sample schools and state benchmarks. It is concluded that rather than relying on traditional stereotypes of school demography influencing perception of student attendance patterns, educators must adopt a more forensic approach to analysis of their school climate and culture to determine contributing factors to student attendance excellence. ICSEA is a scale that applies a numerical value to schools in Australia determined by the level of educational advantage experienced by students in the school. ICSEA considers parental occupations, parental level of education, school geographical location and the proportion of indigenous students in the school. An ICSEA of 1000 is the average benchmark value (ACARA, 2014)
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32

Avilés González, Karla J. "R. Aída Hernández Castillo, Suzi Hutchings & Brian Noble (dir.), Transcontinental Dialogues. Activist Alliances with Indigenous Peoples of Canada, Mexico, and Australia." Cahiers des Amériques latines, no. 96 (October 10, 2021): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cal.12964.

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33

Amaral, Ernesto F. L. "Profile of Female Sterilization in Brazil." Social Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8100269.

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(1) Background: This study analyzes the profile of female sterilization in Brazil by age, parity, type of delivery, place of delivery, color/race, region of residence, years of schooling, marital status, number of unions, and desired number of children reported by women; (2) Methods: The descriptive analysis is based on the most recent Brazilian database on reproductive health: the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS). This dataset has information on the history of pregnancies with live births from January 2001 to July 2007; (3) Results: The study suggests that (a) women with high levels of sterilization, high percentages of more than one pregnancy in the period, and larger parity than the desired number of children tend to have high parity, be black, brown, or indigenous, reside in the North or Northeast, have low levels of education, and have two or more unions; and (b) women with high levels of sterilization, low percentages of more than one pregnancy in the period, and lower parity than the desired number of children tend to have cesarean sections, give birth utilizing private health care obtained through a private insurance plan or direct out-of-pocket payment at private hospitals, and be married. (4) Conclusions: The 1997 family planning law could be altered in order to allow female sterilization in conjunction with childbirth, as a way to attend the demand of Brazilian women in public hospitals. Policies are necessary not only to regulate the public sector, but also to aim better services at private institutions. Female sterilization should be discussed in the context of fertility below the replacement level, as one of its associated factors.
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34

Tsareva, E. J. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF IMMIGRATION IN ITALY." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(36) (June 28, 2014): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-103-109.

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Анотація:
During the last decade, migration flows have greatly affected the Italian economy and demography. The trend is growing, not only because of the ideal geographic position for transit, but also due to the Italian economic structure, and business interest: Cheap labour is greatly in demand among employers. The increasing number of migrants has created a certain imbalance in different spheres of life and society. The middle-aged population in Italy is ever growing, thus migrants play an important role in filling the workforce depletion as well as flooding the labor market. The effects of migration cannot be viewed as either positive or negative. In the recent decade, Italy has been pursuing a tight budgetary policy regarding its obligations under the Economic and Monetary Union. At the same time, the government realizes the necessity of radical restructuring of the national market, both taking measures to encourage entry of fully qualified migrants and by restricting illigal or low-skilled immigrants. The state faces a number of problems, such as job placement and assimilation of migrants into society. Some of the objectives are to provide them with the employment, cultivate European values and teach them Italian. While migrants are relevant, the shadow sector of the economy - sheltering iltygals - is growing. The economy and the budget suffer, and the external debt is growing. The article presents the data on the demographic situation in Italy. It analyzes the correlation between the migrants and the indigenous people in the labor market. Special attention is focused on socioeconomic consequences of immigration in Italy. International experience in general and Italian in particular are highly important to improving the migration policy, developing systems of internal and external control of the migration processes, illegal migration control, and a quota system; the government even takes note of fertility among migrants. A comprehensive analysis of these trends seems promising toward improving the Italian migration policy.
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35

Vlok, Melandri, Marc Oxenham, Kate Domett, Tran Thi Minh, Thi Mai Huong Nguyen, Hirofumi Matsumura, Hiep Hoang Trinh, et al. "Two Probable Cases of Infection with Treponema pallidum during the Neolithic Period in Northern Vietnam (ca. 2000–1500 B.C.)." Bioarchaeology International 4, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/bi.2020.1000.

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Skeletal evidence of two probable cases of treponematosis, caused by infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum, from the northern Vietnamese early Neolithic site of Man Bac (1906–1523 cal B.C.) is described. The presence of nodes of subperiosteal new bone directly associated with superficial focal cavitations in a young adult male and a seven-year- old child are strongly diagnostic for treponemal disease. Climatic and epidemiological contexts suggest yaws (Treponema pallidum pertenue) as the most likely causative treponeme. This evidence is the oldest discovered in the Asia-Pacific region and is the first well-established pre-Columbian example in this region in terms of diagnosis and secure dating. The coastal ecology, sedentary settlement, and high fertility at the site of Man Bac all provided a biosocial context conducive to the spread of treponemal disease among inhabitants of the site. Co-morbidity with scurvy in both individuals demonstrates that malnutrition during the agricultural transition may have exacerbated the expression of treponematosis in this community. Man Bac is a site of great regional importance owing to its role during the Neolithic transition of Mainland Southeast Asia. During this transition, approximately 4,000 years ago, farmers migrating from southern China into Southeast Asia influenced a number of changes in subsistence and demography and potentially introduced new infectious diseases such as treponematosis to indigenous forager communities. The findings presented here may encourage reevaluation of existing Southeast Asian skeletal samples and demonstrate the importance of using weighted diagnostic criteria for future reporting of treponematosis cases. Hai trường hợp nhiều khả năng mắc bệnh ghẻ cóc do nhiễm vi khuẩn Treponema pallidum, thuộc di chỉ Mán Bạc sơ kì đá mới Việt Nam (cal 1906–1523 B.C.) được mô tả trên bằng chứng di cốt. Sự có mặt của các hạt xương mới dưới màng xương trực tiếp liên quan đến các lỗ ổ bề mặt ở một nam trẻ tuổi trưởng thành và một trẻ em 7 tuổi là chẩn đoán nhiều khả năng cho bệnh này. Bối cảnh khí hậu và dịch tễ học cho thấy bệnh ghẻ cóc do nhiễm xoắn khuẩn Treponema pallidum pertenue là nguyên nhân phổ biến nhất. Bằng chứng trên được phát hiện muộn nhất ở khu vực Châu Á-Thái Bình Dương và là một ví dụ điển hình đầu tiên giai đoạn tiền Columbia trong khu vực này dựa vào chẩn đoán và định niên đại chính xác. Sinh thái biển, lối sống ít di động, và tỷ lệ sinh sản cao ở di chỉ Mán Bạc, tất cả đã tạo ra sự tương tác giữa các yếu tố sinh học và xã hội thuận lợi cho việc lây lan bệnh ghẻ cóc giữa các cư dân thuộc di chỉ này. Cùng với đó là sự mắc bệnh thiếu vitamin C (scurvy) ở cả hai cá thể trên chỉ ra rằng sự suy dinh dưỡng trong suốt quá trình chuyển tiếp nông nghiệp có thể trầm trọng hơn và biểu hiện bệnh ghẻ cóc ở cộng đồng này. Mán Bạc là một di chỉ vùng quan trọng bởi vì nó nằm trong ranh giới giai đoạn chuyển tiếp Đá Mới của Đông Nam Á lục địa. Trong suốt bước chuyển này, khoảng 4000 năm cách đây, các cư dân nông nghiệp di cư từ miền nam Trung Quốc vào Đông Nam Á đã ảnh hưởng nhiều thay đổi trong phương thức sinh kế, dân số, và mang theo bệnh nhiễm trùng mới tiềm ẩn như là bệnh ghẻ cóc vào các cộng đồng nông nghiệp bản địa . Các phát hiện trình bày trên đây hi vọng sẽ là khởi đầu đánh giá lại về sự tồn tại các di cốt Đông Nam Á và minh họa tầm quan trọng của việc sử dụng tiêu chí chẩn đoán tin cậy về các trường hợp bệnh ghẻ cóc cho nghiên cứu tiếp theo.
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36

Togman, Richard. "National Revival or National Burden: A Critical Examination of Discourses on Indigenous Birth, Population Growth and Demography." aboriginal policy studies 9, no. 1 (December 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5663/aps.v9i1.29369.

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The dominant Canadian narrative of Indigenous fertility has been told largely from the perspective of non-Indigenous Canadians. Politicians, healthcare professionals, demographers, and economists consistently characterize Indigenous fertility as too high and required to conform to Eurocentric norms. This has resulted in a wide variety of colonial interventions into the reproductive lives of Indigenous peoples. This article will provide a brief overview of the ways in which mainstream Canadian society has characterized Indigenous fertility and explore the subjugated discourse practiced by Indigenous nations in Canada regarding their own fertility, highlighted by original research conducted with Anishinaabe people in Thunder Bay.
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37

Baffour, Bernard, James Raymer, and Ann Evans. "Recent Trends in Immigrant Fertility in Australia." Journal of International Migration and Integration, August 15, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-020-00767-0.

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38

Baffour, Bernard, James Raymer, and Ann Evans. "Correction to: Recent Trends in Immigrant Fertility in Australia." Journal of International Migration and Integration, October 21, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-020-00789-8.

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39

Shankar, Sriram. "Age‐distributed composition of the Indigenous population in Australia." Population, Space and Place, May 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2580.

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40

Schleutker, Elina. "Fertility, Family Policy and Welfare Regimes." Comparative Population Studies 39, no. 1 (November 14, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.12765/cpos-2013-18.

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This paper is inspired by the many similarities between gendered welfare state research and demographic research on the determinants of fertility. The first part of the paper discusses some of the theories on childbearing in the light of the gendered welfare state theory. One important similarity between these two genres is that when work-life choices are studied, the emphasis is on policies which enable women to reconcile employment and family. Support for informal care is accordingly treated as having a negative influence on work-life compatibility, and women are moreover assumed to have homogeneous preferences, i.e., they are supposed to want to combine work and family. However, such an approach does not pay sufficient attention to informal care and to heterogeneity among women, either when it comes to preferences or to behaviour. To address these gaps, in the second part of the paper a new framework to analyse women’s work-life choices is developed. The suggested framework gives considerable attention to the way in which formal as well as informal care is supported or enforced in different welfare states and the consequences such support has on women’s decision making. Moreover, heterogeneity among women is emphasised, both in preferences and when it comes to behaviour. The central argument is that women’s heterogeneous preferences transform differently to different lifestyle career strategies (with regard to employment and childbearing) in different welfare state settings, as each lifestyle strategy is encouraged or discouraged by family policy to differing degrees. Hence, the number of women who choose a particular strategy, as well as the level of fertility, varies between the welfare states. In addition, household resources are assumed to influence the choices that are being made. The argument that is put forward is illustrated with recent data on family policy, women’s employment patterns and fertility in the social-democratic (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden), conservative (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain) and liberal welfare states (Australia, Canada, Ireland, the UK, the USA). Moreover, a reinterpretation of the findings on the relationship between family policy, female employment and fertility is provided in the light of the framework outlined.
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41

Prout Quicke, Sarah. "Settler-Colonial Spatial Logics and Indigenous internal (non)Migration in Australia." Espace populations sociétés, no. 2020/1-2 (June 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/eps.9838.

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42

Chacko, Xan Sarah. "Stringing, Reconnecting, and Breaking the Colonial “Daisy Chain”: From Botanic Garden to Seed Bank." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 8, no. 1 (April 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v8i1.35133.

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Transported through colonial technologies such as Wardian cases and imperial ships, or simply popped in envelopes and sent via the postal service, the reproductive bodies of plants have been extracted, commodified, reproduced, and proliferated to satisfy human needs and desires. The ongoing and historical movement of plants and their reproductive capacity—known now through the disembodied clinical term germplasm—for economic, social, political, and agricultural purposes provides a lens through which global fertility chains can be studied. I study one such fertility chain: the movement of seeds of plants into frozen vaults known as “seed banks.” While colonial plant movements are associated with exploitative control, newer plant extractions for seed banking are shielded from rebuke because they embody the unquestionably positive valence of “biodiversity conservation.” The view from Australia captures the awkwardness of seed banking as a reproductive technology because the ongoing tensions between Indigenous struggles and settler-colonial nation building, and the urgency around climate change, are far from resolved. The politics of the Anthropocene are particularly poignant in Australia because anthropogenic destruction looks very different when viewed from the perspective of either Indigenous people or settlers.
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43

Brown, Alexander. "Transnational Memory and the Fukushima Disaster: Memories of Japan in Australian Anti-nuclear Activism." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 17, no. 1-2 (January 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pjmis.v17i1-2.7094.

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This paper argues for the importance of transnational memories in framing Australian anti-nuclear activism after the Fukushima disaster. Japan has loomed large in the transnational nuclear imaginary in Australia. Commemorating Hiroshima as the site of the first wartime use of nuclear weapons has been a long-standing practice in the Australian anti-nuclear movement and the day has been linked to a variety of issues including weapons and uranium mining. As Australia began exporting uranium to Japan in the 1970s, Australia-Japan relations took on a new meaning for the Indigenous traditional owners from whose land uranium was extracted. After Fukushima, these complex transnational memories formed the basis for an orientation towards Japan by Indigenous land rights activists and for the anti-nuclear movement as a whole. This paper argues that despite the tenuousness of direct organisational links between the two countries, transnational memories drove Australian anti-nuclear activists to seek connections with Japan after the Fukushima disaster. The mobilisation of these collective memories helps us to understand how transnational social movements evolve and how they construct globalisation from below in the Asia-Pacific region.
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44

Harrap, Benjamin, Alison Gibberd, Melissa O'Donnell, Koen Simons, and Sandra Eades. "Reflections as a settler person doing research in collaboration with Indigenous peoples." International Journal of Population Data Science 7, no. 3 (August 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.1969.

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ObjectivesTo reflect on my position as a settler person in Australia and ensure Indigenous voices are prioritised throughout my research, as part of a co-designed, Aboriginal-led study which aims to understand trends in the removal of Indigenous children born in Western Australia using data linkage and qualitative research. ApproachAs a non-Indigenous person, it is important to reflect on my cultural background and acknowledge my limited understanding of the cultural context of the Indigenous communities represented in the data. Listening to Indigenous voices and collaborating with Indigenous peoples at all stages of my research – from my PhD supervisor to investigators on the broader study, to members of the community and policy reference groups – will be key to improve my understanding of the data from a system and context I am unfamiliar with. ResultsCollaboration has been cyclical, with results from the qualitative research and discussion with the reference groups informing the initial quantitative research direction. Findings from this research were presented back to the groups, resulting in further questions and directions to explore. The journey so far has been one of learning and understanding the skills I have and the role they can play whilst acknowledging the limits of my own knowledge and the need for Indigenous voices to guide the research in order to be doing research with Indigenous peoples, rather than on them. ConclusionCo-design with Indigenous peoples is critical for doing research which affects them or uses data from their communities. Understanding my own cultural background and acknowledging the limitations of my experience continues to be important for honest and meaningful collaboration.
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45

Street, C., J. Guenther, J. A. Smith, K. Robertson, W. Ludwig, S. Motlap, T. Woodroffe, et al. "‘Success’ in Indigenous higher education policy in the Northern Territory, Australia: reclaiming purpose for power." Race Ethnicity and Education, March 6, 2022, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2022.2047636.

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46

Vertommen, Sigrid, Bronwyn Parry, and Michal Nahman. "Introduction: Global Fertility Chains and the Colonial Present of Assisted Reproductive Technologies." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 8, no. 1 (April 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v8i1.37920.

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The introduction to the Special Section “Global Fertility Chains and the Colonial Present of Assisted Reproductive Technologies” (re)situates assisted reproductive technologies, infrastructures, and markets within older, yet ongoing, histories of colonialism, racial capitalism, and slavery. Engaging with the “colonial present” of a broad array of reproductive technologies, including surrogacy, adoption, seed saving, “slave breeding,” and in vitro fertilization in different (post)colonial sites of inquiry, including India, Korea, Australia, the United States, and the borderlands between Mexico and Guatemala, the papers in this collection draw on the foundational work of materialist, STS, Black, Indigenous, and decolonial feminists to foreground three main “relational” themes: (1) between past and present colonial materializations and imaginaries of ARTs; (2) between colonialism’s myriad, intraconnected reproductive grammars of slavery, genocide, conservation, exploitation, and extraction; (3) between ART’s life and death functions and their mutually constitutive biopolitical and necropolitical logics.
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47

Harrap, Benjamin, Alison Gibberd, Melissa O'Donnell, Koen Simons, and Sandra Eades. "Trends in the removal of Aboriginal children in Western Australia." International Journal of Population Data Science 7, no. 3 (August 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.1970.

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ObjectivesTo understand in greater detail the rates of interaction Indigenous children have with the child protection system in Western Australia and how they vary by birth year, geographic region, and between family units. ApproachWe used data linkage between the Western Australian Department of Communities (child protection data), the Midwives Notification System, and Deaths Registry. Our cohort consisted of all Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children born in Western Australia between 2000 and 2013, with child protection data available from 2000 to 2015. We used cumulative incidence curves to visualise the overall rates of interactions with the child protection system and decompose interactions using seven two-year birth cohorts, geographic child protection regions and family units. ResultsOverall, the cohort there was a high level involvement of Indigenous children in the child protection system, with over 50% having at least one notification, 27% having a substantiated notification, and 15% ever having a placement in out-of-home care. When examining by birth cohort, the more recently born the birth cohort the earlier their first interactions with the child protection system tended to be. Results for the geographic and family unit analyses will be presented as this work is ongoing. ConclusionIncreasing interactions occurring at earlier ages coincides with legislative and policy changes. The increase in placement in out-of-home care before the age of 1 for the most recently born cohorts warrants further investigation into whether this is occurring across the system or within particular communities or regions.
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48

Pagliaro, Heloisa, Sofia Mendonça, and Roberto Baruzzi. "FECUNDIDADE E SAÚDE REPRODUTIVA DAS MULHERES SUYÁ (KISÊDJÊ): aspectos demográficos e culturais." Caderno CRH 22, no. 57 (May 19, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v22i57.19046.

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Assim como vem ocorrendo com outros povos indígenas no Brasil, os Suyá, povo habitante do Parque Indígena do Xingu (MT), têm vivenciado, desde 1970, um processo de recuperação demográfica. Trabalhos recentes discutem as razões que levaram à reversão do longo processo de depopulação vivenciado pelos povos indígenas no Brasil. A suposição de que o processo de recuperação populacional dos Suyá tenha sido gerado por mudanças socioculturais, com repercussão no seu comportamento reprodutivo, estimulou a realização deste estudo, que descreve os seus níveis e padrões da fecundidade entre 1970 e 2007. As bases de dados são estatísticas vitais contínuas e levantamento de campo. A discussão dos resultados apoia-se em informações sobre o sistema sociocultural e os conhecimentos tradicionais de saúde reprodutiva desse povo indígena. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Suyá, demografia indígena, fecundidade de mulheres indígenas, povos indígenas no Brasil. FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN Suya (Kisêdjê): demographic and cultural Heloisa Pagliaro Sofia Mendonça Roberto Baruzzi Since 1970, the Suyá, an Indigenous people, inhabitants of the Xingu Indigenous Park (MT), has been experiencing a demographic recovery, as well as it has been happening with other Brazilian Indigenous peoples. Recent studies analyse the reasons that have led to a reversion of the long depopulation process undergone by Indigenous peoples in Brasil. The conjecture that the Suyá´s demographic recovery was due to social and cultural changes that reflected in their reproductive behavior was the reason for this study that describes their fertility levels and patterns between 1970 and 2007. Data is based on continuous vital statistics and field research. Results analysis is grounded on their sociocultural system and historical knowledge of the Suyá´s reproductive health. KEY WORDS: Suyá, Indigenous demography, fertility of Indigenous women, Brasil´s Indigenous peoples. FÉCONDITÉ ET LA SANTÉ REPRODUCTIVE DES FEMMES SUYA (Kisêdjê): caractéristiques démographiques et culturelles Heloisa Pagliaro Sofia Mendonça Roberto Baruzzi Ainsi que d´autres groupes indigènes au Brésil, les Suyá, peuple qui habite le Parc Indigène du Xingu (MT), ont inicié un processus de récupération démographique depuis les anneés de 1970. Les raisons qui mènent à la reversion du processus de depeuplement des groupes indigènes au Brésil sont discutés dans plusieurs travaux scientifiques recents. La suposition que la récuperation démographique des Suyá soit menné par des changements culturels qui repercutent sur leur comportemment reproductif justifie la realisation du présent étude. L´article analise les niveaux et standarts de leur fécondité de 1970 jusqu´ à 2007. Les donnés proviennent des statistiques vitales et de recherche sur le terrain. La discussion des resultats s´appui sur des informations de leur sistème socioculturel et des connaissances traditionnels sur leur santé reproductive. MOTS-CLÉS: Suyá, démographie indigene, fécondité de femmes indigenes, peoples indigenes du Brésil. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
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49

Fozdar, Farida. "“This is not how we talk about race anymore”: approaching mixed race in Australia." Comparative Migration Studies 10, no. 1 (March 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40878-022-00285-1.

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AbstractDiscussions about how to talk about race are ubiquitous among academics seeking to balance the recognition that race is a social construct with the very real effects of racial stratification. Naming race is seen as potentially reifying it, but ignoring it invisiblises its effects. Pathologising, celebratory and critical approaches to talking about mixed race can all be found in how mixedness is talked about in Australia (among the public and in scholarly work), and there are differences depending on whether mixedness is Indigenous or migrant. Using my experience of being challenged for speaking too positively about the experience of being mixed in Australia, and a Facebook discussion about Census categories, this paper explores the ways in which mixed race is talked about (and not talked about) in Australia. It argues that we can’t move ‘beyond race’ before actually acknowledging it, something Australia has been very reticent to do, due to its race-based history of colonisation, immigration, and Indigenous child removals. Acknowledging race would enable diversity, and mixedness, to be counted, and therefore to ‘count’, in a context where multiculturalism provides a socio-political environment somewhat supportive of diversity, but where actual measurement is limited. It is argued that acknowledging race may be a necessary intermediate step on the road beyond race, and, for that matter, nation.
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50

Street, C., J. Guenther, J. Smith, K. Robertson, W. Ludwig, S. Motlap, T. Woodroffe, R. Ober, K. Gillan, and S. Larkin. "Do numbers speak for themselves? Exploring the use of quantitative data to measure policy ‘success’ in historical Indigenous higher education in the Northern Territory, Australia." Race Ethnicity and Education, December 27, 2021, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2021.2019003.

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