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Статті в журналах з теми "Indigenous, demography, fertility, Australia"
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Carmichael, Gordon A. "Indigenous fertility in Australia: updating Alan Gray." Journal of Population Research 36, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 283–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-019-09233-w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Although he was not the first scholar to investigate it, there is little question that the Ph.D. research of Alan Gray, completed in 1983, represented a landmark in the study of Indigenous fertility in Australia. Convinced that ‘Aboriginal’ fertility had fallen rapidly through the 1970s, Gray set out to document and explain the decline. Weaving through a maze of sub-optimal census data he produced a series of age-specific and total fertility rates, refined by three broad geographic location categories, for 5-year periods from 1956–1961 to 1976–1981. These he subsequently updated to also include 1981–1986 and the 10-year period 1986–1996 as new census children-ever-borne data became available. He would doubtless have extended his series further had he lived to do so. For years his fertility estimates were graphed in the annual ABS publication Births Australia as the Bureau began publishing registration-based Indigenous fertility estimates from the late 1990s, but Indigenous birth registration data and fertility estimates based thereon remain to this day problematic in several respects. This paper summarises Alan Gray’s work, extends his Indigenous fertility estimates to the 2011–2016 intercensal period, and examines the results against registration-based estimates that have been subjected to (a) regular retrospective revision (in light of data processing flaws and substantial errors of closure in intercensal Indigenous population increments), and (b) the vagaries of significant late registration, and periodic registry efforts to clear backlogs of unregistered Indigenous births.
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Johnstone, Kim. "Indigenous fertility in the Northern Territory of Australia: what do we know? (and what can we know?)." Journal of Population Research 27, no. 3 (September 2010): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-011-9048-3.
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Vázquez-Sandrín, Germán, and Elsa Ortiz-Ávila. "Planificación familiar y fecundidad de la población indígena en el México urbano." Papeles de Población 26, no. 103 (March 31, 2020): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2020.103.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article aims to analyze the relationship between the three indigenous groups of generations fertility levels, the type of birth, the place of birth and the use of contraceptive methods to de-scribe how it has influenced these generations the fertility medicalization. In the same way, the events sequence mentioned above in the life course of indigenous women is explored and a lo-gistic model is adjusted. The data source used is the Retrospective Demographic Survey of 2011. The results showed that the trajectories associated with the fertility medicalization, especially hospital birth and cesarean birth, are strongly associated with the offspring reduction in both indigenous and total women.
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Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal, and Peter McDonald. "Fertility and Multiculturalism: Immigrant Fertility in Australia, 1977–1991." International Migration Review 34, no. 1 (March 2000): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the fertility patterns of immigrant groups in Australia during the period, 1977–1991. In this period, the previous policies of assimilation or integration of immigrants into mainstream culture were set aside in favor of a policy of multiculturalism, one of the dimensions of which was support for maintenance of culture. The general finding of research relating to the period prior to multiculturalism was that immigrants adapted to Australian fertility patterns. This study examines whether immigrants and their children in the era of multiculturalism have been more likely to maintain the fertility patterns of their country of origin than was the case in the past. The study concludes that while adaptation to Australian patterns remains the dominant feature of the fertility patterns of immigrants, Italian and Greek Australians show evidence of cultural maintenance.
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Newman, Lareen A., and Graeme J. Hugo. "Women’s fertility, religion and education in a low-fertility population: Evidence from South Australia." Journal of Population Research 23, no. 1 (March 2006): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03031867.
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Taylor, John. "Indigenous demography and public policy in Australia: population or peoples?" Journal of Population Research 26, no. 2 (May 8, 2009): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-009-9010-9.
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Bremner, Jason, Richard Bilsborrow, Caryl Feldacker, and Flora Lu Holt. "Fertility beyond the frontier: indigenous women, fertility, and reproductive practices in the Ecuadorian Amazon." Population and Environment 30, no. 3 (January 2009): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-009-0078-0.
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Hugo, Graeme. "Declining fertility and policy intervention in Europe: Some lessons for Australia?" Journal of the Australian Population Association 17, no. 2 (November 2000): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03029464.
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Newman, Lucile F. "Women's Medicine: A Cross-Cultural Study of Indigenous Fertility Regulation." Studies in Family Planning 16, no. 6 (November 1985): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1967062.
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Young, Christabel. "No Rising Generation. Women and Fertility in Late Nineteenth-Century Australia." Population Studies 45, no. 1 (March 1991): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000145356.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Indigenous, demography, fertility, Australia"
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Pagliaro, Heloisa. "A revolução demográfica dos povos indígenas do Brasil: a experiência dos Kaiabi do Parque Indígena do Xingu - Mato Grosso - 1970-1999." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-02042009-112848/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objetivo. Nesta investigação, analisa-se a dinâmica demográfica dos índios Kaiabi do Parque Indígena do Xingu (PIX), Mato Grosso, Brasil, no período 1970-1999. Métodos. Análise transversal e longitudinal da dinâmica demográfica, com base em nas informações do registro de eventos vitais da população das aldeias Kaiabi do PIX, gerados pelo programa de saúde da UNIFESP no Xingu, apoiados por levantamento histórico e etnográfico. Resultados. O contato com a sociedade nacional, nas décadas de 1920 a 1950, na região do rio Teles Pires, deu origem à depopulação das aldeias por confrontos e epidemias e à migração de parte dos Kaiabi para o Xingu. Em 1970, havia 204 no Parque e em 1999, 758. O crescimento da população foi de 4,5% ao ano, a taxas bruta de natalidade é alta ( 53,7 por mil habitantes) e de mortalidade baixa (8,1 por mil habitantes). Na população, 56,2% são menores de 15 anos de idade, sendo a taxa de mortalidade infantil de 15,2 por mil nascimentos vivos, em razão de um programa de saúde indígena existente na área desde 1965. A recuperação demográfica desta população se assemelha a do conjunto da população do Xingu, também atendida pelo programa de saúde. Destaca-se a analise da fecundidade por coortes acompanhadas por períodos de 35 anos, e a importância da coleta sistemática de dados demográficos para populações indígenas.Objective. This study analyses the demographic dynamic of the Kaiabi a indigenous people of the Xingu river, Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 1970 to 1999. Methods. The demographic survey included cohort and period analyse, with vital statistics from the health service of the Xingu Indigenous Park. Results. Contact with Brazilian national society, established in the 1920 and 1950, in the Teles Pires river region, caused a population drop due to clashes and epidemics. In 1952, a part of the Kaiabi group start to migrate to the Xingu region where they live at present. In 1970 there where 204 individuals in the Xingu villages and in 1999, 758. The crude birth rate is higth (53,7 per thousand inhabitants) and the death crude rate low (8,1 per thousand inhabitants). The majority of the population is under 15 years of age (56,2%) and the infant mortality rate is low or moderate (15,2 per thousands live births ), considering indigenous communities on general, because a health indigenous program is installed on the area before 1965. The demographic recovery starts at 1975 and is similar to that others indigenous Xingu groups. The research highlights the importance of a analyse of fertility cohorts about 35 years.
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Malvezzi, Cecilia 1978. "Serviços de saúde e saúde reprodutiva no Alto Rio Negro : da produção de dados à produção do perfil da fecundidade." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Marta Maria do Amaral AzevedoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T09:00:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malvezzi_Cecilia_M.pdf: 2298256 bytes, checksum: f7ff796867e04d13eb570dacee839ed1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A produção de informações demográficas a respeito das populações indígenas é substrato para fundamentar as intervenções e políticas públicas direcionadas a esses povos. A irregularidade e qualidade precária das informações ocultam discrepâncias na situação de saúde. Estudos de populações indígenas mostram uma tendência da população indígena de crescimento populacional. Alguns estudos apresentam uma desaceleração no crescimento a partir da década de 1990, associada à queda na fecundidade. Tal queda, ainda que discreta, pode ser atribuída à urbanização, ou mesmo à maior proximidade com os centros urbanos, assim como, constrangimentos oferecidos pelo contado com serviço de saúde, escolas, ONGs, grupos religiosos, mercado de trabalho. Assim, a fim de avaliar se a atuação do serviço de saúde tem impacto na fecundidade indígena, buscou-se analisar a fecundidade das mulheres indígenas da região do Rio Tiquié, no Alto Rio Negro- AM, tomando-se como base inicial os dados produzidos pelo SIASI- Sistema de Informação da Atenção à Saúde Indígena no ano de 2005. Para tanto, usamos para fins comparativos o Censo Indígena Autônomo do Rio Negro (CIARN), realizado em 1992, num contexto no qual não havia a presença de um serviço de saúde regular. Apesar de os resultados não serem conclusivos devido a qualidade ruim dos dados empíricos, eles indicam uma queda discreta na fecundidade das mulheres indígenas da região do Rio Tiquié e isso poderia estar relacionado a presença de um serviço de saúde
Abstract: The production of demographic information about indigenous people grounds public policies and interventions aiming at supporting their sustainability. The lack of regularity and the precarious quality of the demographic information hide various discrepancies which have haunted Amazon indigenous health. Several studies have disclosed demographic growth in those indigenous communities at the same time that others have pointed out the decrease of fecundity, since the nineties. The demographic decrease, although discrete could be linked to the proximity those people have undergone to urban centers, as well as to the constraints stemmed from their contact with health services, ONGs, schools, religious groups and the labor market. In order to assess the impact of health services in the variations of the fecundity of indigenous women who lived in the area of the Tiquié river in the high Rio Negro-Amazonas. The achievement of that target was carried out through the comparison of the data gathered from SIASI (Attention to Indigenous People Health Information System) concerning the year 2005 matched with the data gathered from the CIARN (Rio Negro Autonomous Indigenous Census) in the year 1992. That comparison was so designed because health assistance was not a regular service in that area in the year 1992 but was indeed regular in the year 2005. Although the findings were not conclusive because of the poor quality of the empirical data they support both the trend that there was a discrete decrease in women fecundity in the indigenous communities settled along the Tiquié river that could be linked to the health assistance
Mestrado
Demografia
Mestra em Demografia
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Johnstone, Kim Maree. "Indigenous fertility in the Northern Territory of Australia: stalled demographic transition." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research explores contemporary features of Indigenous fertility in the Northern Territory of Australia, the country's third largest state with the smallest total population, but with the largest proportion comprised of Indigenous peoples. The research exploits births data from a range of data sources to investigate whether Indigenous fertility trends in the Northern Territory over the past 20 years are a characteristic of stalled demographic transition. The research rests on three hypotheses: that Indigenous fertility trends in the Northern Territory were themselves an artefact of the data used to calculate the fertility rates; that there has been stalled demographic transition and the fertility declines documented for Northern Territory women during the 1960s and 1970s have not been maintained into the 21st century; and that contemporary Indigenous childbearing is characterised by universal, young mothering but not high parity.
A conceptual framework was developed that captures the myriad factors that affect Indigenous fertility outcomes to provide a context within which the research results could be understood. A three-stage approach was then used to examine Indigenous fertility trends. Firstly, a detailed analysis of the collection processes for the quantitative data available for this research was undertaken, with a particular focus on the two main births data sets, vital registrations and perinatal data. Second, standard demographic techniques were used to identify fertility trends, exploiting the two births data sets, census data and survey data from the DRUID Study, a Darwin-based epidemiological study of Indigenous people. Third, a range of views and experiences of Indigenous individuals were sought through interviews and focus groups.
The research showed that despite Indigenous population data in the Northern Territory being among Australia's most accurate, the use of these is constrained by issues of undercount and geographic coding of usual place of residence. Documentation of the investigation into data sources is an important contribution of this research. The stand out feature of contemporary fertility in the Northern Territory is the young age that Indigenous women have children. Teenage fertility rates are very high and peak childbearing is among women in their early 20s. There have been relatively stable total fertility rates (TFRs) among Indigenous women in the Northern Territory over a 20-year period, indicative of stalled demographic transition, but these belie complex geographic differences. There is evidence of fertility decline at the youngest ages in remote parts of the Northern Territory and indications of a slow move to delayed childbearing. The timing of this decline corresponds to the introduction of Implanon as a reliable form of contraception. Education among women was shown to be associated with slightly delayed entry to childbearing and lower parity, and although the associations were significant the impact they had was not dramatic. Into the future, we can expect to see birth cohorts of increasingly large size even with stable or declining TFRs, a continued young profile for childbearing and different fertility rates between urban and rural-remote communities, all of which have serious implications for the delivery of social services and social policy implementation.
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Faulkner, Deborah Robyn. "The spatial dynamics of fertility in South Australia 1976 to 1996." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37832.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past the identification and explanation of spatial variations in fertility was seen as an important contribution to the field of population geography. By the 1980s with the substantial declines in fertility and the ' end ' of the demographic transition came the belief low fertility equated with little variation between groups and across space. Recent evidence however suggests the interaction of various factors including place - specific factors has led to spatio - temporal changes in fertility that have not been expected based on theoretical and national patterns of fertility. The objective of this thesis was to investigate if spatial differentials in fertility still exist, and have relevance in a low fertility setting. The study examines the geography of fertility in the State of South Australia from the mid 1970s to the mid 1990s using unpublished issue data from the 1976, 1981, 1986 and 1996 Australian Censuses for women aged 45 - 49 years and 15 - 44 years. In addition to identifying the patterns trends towards convergence or divergence in the patterns over time and the reasons for the patterns were also identified. The findings of this study indicate strong spatial variations in fertility still exist, have persisted over time and there are localised conditions which temper overall expectations from theory. While it is assumed declines in fertility equate with a convergence in differentials, the statistical parameters used in this study showed trends towards convergence or divergence varied by geographical scale and age group. Despite the limited attention socio - economic factors have received in the examination of population issues in Australia, they remain central to explaining the fertility patterns and trends found in this study. In fact in metropolitan Adelaide fertility may be a significant contributor and influence on social polarisation.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Social Sciences, 2005.
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Faulkner, Deborah Robyn. "The spatial dynamics of fertility in South Australia 1976 to 1996." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37832.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past the identification and explanation of spatial variations in fertility was seen as an important contribution to the field of population geography. By the 1980s with the substantial declines in fertility and the ' end ' of the demographic transition came the belief low fertility equated with little variation between groups and across space. Recent evidence however suggests the interaction of various factors including place - specific factors has led to spatio - temporal changes in fertility that have not been expected based on theoretical and national patterns of fertility.
The objective of this thesis was to investigate if spatial differentials in fertility still exist, and have relevance in a low fertility setting. The study examines the geography of fertility in the State of South Australia from the mid 1970s to the mid 1990s using unpublished issue data from the 1976, 1981, 1986 and 1996 Australian Censuses for women aged 45 - 49 years and 15 - 44 years. In addition to identifying the patterns trends towards convergence or divergence in the patterns over time and the reasons for the patterns were also identified.
The findings of this study indicate strong spatial variations in fertility still exist, have persisted over time and there are localised conditions which temper overall expectations from theory. While it is assumed declines in fertility equate with a convergence in differentials, the statistical parameters used in this study showed trends towards convergence or divergence varied by geographical scale and age group. Despite the limited attention socio - economic factors have received in the examination of population issues in Australia, they remain central to explaining the fertility patterns and trends found in this study. In fact in metropolitan Adelaide fertility may be a significant contributor and influence on social polarisation.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Social Sciences, 2005.
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Newman, Lareen A. "Images and impacts of parenthood : explaining fertility and family size in contemporary Australia /." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis was written against the backdrop of Australia’s low fertility rate to investigate perceptions at the individual level, and within the social context, of influences on fertility and family size. The thesis aligns itself with cultural, ideational and institutional theories of fertility change. It seeks to augment contemporary debate and policy, which centre around work-family compatibility and the financial costs of children, by also investigating the influence of individuals’ expectations and experiences of conception, pregnancy, birth and early parenthood. For several decades the geographical, medical and sociological literature has shown these reproductive events to heavily impact on the physical and mental well-being of parents in developed societies, but it is only recently that some demographers have suggested that they warrant renewed investigation in low fertility research. These aspects are all the more salient as postmodern values associated with concern about personal well-being have risen to prominence and have become associated with the transition to below replacement fertility. The primary research in the thesis comprises 62 in-depth interviews with parents from across metropolitan South Australia, and a small survey of 45 individuals intending to start a family within two years. The thesis intentionally includes the views of men and of parents with larger families. Analysis of 1996 Census data establishes fertility patterns at the macro level as a basis for exploring the qualitative data. The thesis findings contribute new knowledge by showing that in South Australia cultural and family influences shape images of family life and family size despite the rhetoric of modern reproductive “choice”. They also demonstrate how lower fertility can result from individuals with postmodern preferences finding their experiences of parenthood clashing with their preferences for autonomy, rationality, personal achievement and quality of life. The thesis argues that such experiences can diffuse socially to negatively influence the images and anticipated impacts of parenthood, and hence the fertility desires, of others. In identifying gender differences in the impacts, the thesis concludes that low fertility theory and policy must diversify to better reflect the concerns of women as mothers, and to consider the embodied and social aspects of reproductive behaviour.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1249112
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2006
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Moyle, Helen Eve. "The fall of fertility in Tasmania in the late 19th and early 20th centuries." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/16176.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to examine the fall of marital fertility in Tasmania, the second settled Australian colony, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this thesis I use quantitative and qualitative data to investigate when marital fertility fell, how it fell—that is, was the fall due to starting, stopping or spacing behaviours— and why it fell at this time. In looking at why fertility fell, I examine how my findings support theories of why fertility fell during the fertility transition.
This study used digitised 19th century Tasmanian birth registration data plus many other sources to reconstitute birth histories of couples marrying in Tasmania in 1860, 1870, 1880 and 1890. This provides an individual-level data base which allows the use of both bivariate and multivariate methods of analysis.
The qualitative analysis looks at the historical context of Australia, and of Tasmania specifically, and at historical sources such as witness statements from the 1903 NSW Royal Commission into the Decline in the Birth Rate, articles and items from the late 19th and early 20th century Tasmanian newspapers, stories about couples in the marriage cohorts and two diaries of upper class Tasmanian women.
The thesis concludes that fertility started to decline in the late 1880s and the fertility decline became well established during the 1890s. The fall in fertility in late 19th century Tasmania was primarily due to the practice of stopping behaviour in the 1880 and 1890 cohorts, although birth spacing was also used as a strategy to limit fertility by the 1890 cohort. Since the thesis provides evidence to support most of the prominent theories of fertility transition, I conclude that the fertility transition was an integral part of the broader social and economic change that occurred in this period of history.
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Clark, Robyn A. "Chronic heart failure beyond city limits: an analysis of the distribution, management and information technology solutions for people with chronic heart failure in rural and remote Australia." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/34048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is defined as a complex clinical syndrome that is frequently, but not exclusively, characterised by objective evidence of an underlying structural abnormality or cardiac dysfunction. CHF affects up to 3% of the adult population and this rate is consistent throughout the developed world. In spite of the proven efficacy of treatments, there is a common theme of low implementation rates for recommended therapeutic guidelines. In Australia, where access to specialist CHF management is limited, the burden of care, for the 40% of CHF patients living outside capital cities falls predominantly onto community-based general practitioners (GPs). Unfortunately, there are diminishing numbers of GPs in rural and remote regions and this has created an apparent dual deficit in terms of equitable access to primary and specialist care for the CHF population living in these areas. The purpose of this research was to determine, in a series of themed studies, the population distribution, management and potential information technology solutions for CHF in rural and remote Australia. Appropriate methods were utilised for each study and included epidemiological studies, a quantitative analysis of a large practice audit, geo-mapping, a systematic review, a case study review and a qualitative analysis of participant feedback and clinical notes.
Частини книг з теми "Indigenous, demography, fertility, Australia"
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Biddle, Nicholas, Siew-Ean Khoo, and John Taylor. "Indigenous Australia, White Australia, Multicultural Australia: The Demography of Race and Ethnicity in Australia." In The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity, 599–622. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8891-8_28.
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Johnstone, Kim, and Ann Evans. "Fertility and the demography of Indigenous Australians: What can the NATSISS 2008 tell us?" In Survey Analysis for Indigenous Policy in Australia: Social Sciences Perspectives. ANU Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/caepr32.11.2012.03.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Sheep, Pastures, and Demography in Australia." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Succeeding phases of British economic growth prompted strikingly different imperatives for expansion, for natural resource exploitation, and for the social organization of extra-European production. In the eighteenth century, sugar, African slaves, and shipping in the Atlantic world provided one major dynamic of empire. But in the nineteenth century, antipodean settlement and trade, especially that resulting from expanding settler pastoral frontiers, was responsible for some of the most dramatic social and environmental transformations. Plantations occupied relatively little space in the new social geography of world production. By contrast, commercial pastoralism, which took root most energetically in the temperate and semi-arid regions of the newly conquered world, was land-hungry but relatively light in its demands for labour. The Spanish Empire based in Mexico can be considered a forerunner. By the 1580s, within fifty years of their introduction, there were an estimated 4.5 million merino sheep in the Mexican highlands. The livestock economy, incorporating cattle as well as sheep, spread northwards through Mexico to what became California by the eighteenth century. Settler intrusions followed in the vast landmasses of southern Latin America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Australia was one of the last-invaded of these territories, and, in respect of the issues that we are exploring, was in some senses distinctive. Unlike Canada and South Africa, there was no long, slow period of trade and interaction with the indigenous population; like the Caribbean, the Aboriginal people were quickly displaced by disease and conquest. The relative scale of the pastoral economy was greater than in any other British colony. Supply of meat and dairy products to rapidly growing ports and urban centres was one priority for livestock farmers. Cattle ranching remained a major feature of livestock production in Australia. Bullock-carts, not dissimilar to South African ox-wagons, were essential for Australian transport up to the 1870s. But for well over a century, from the 1820s to the 1950s and beyond, sheep flooded the southern lands. Although mutton became a significant export from New Zealand and South America, wool was probably the major product of these pastoral hinterlands—and a key focus of production in Australia and South Africa. The growth in antipodean sheep numbers was staggering.
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"Measuring indigenous outcomes from mining agreements in Australia: The role of applied demography." In Community Futures, Legal Architecture, 73–90. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203123119-10.
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Ballard, Chris. "The Meaning of Ditches." In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea, C13.S1—C13.S16. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190095611.013.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract When is a ditch not—or not simply—a ditch? This article explores the idea of the ditch or drain, drawing on ethnographic, archaeological, and agronomic accounts of field systems in the New Guinea Highlands. The ways in which Huli speakers use ditches to manage their landscapes, subsistence regimes, social relationships, histories, and cosmologies demonstrate the links between field systems composed of ditches and other kinds of networks. Huli understandings of the potency of water and other fluids govern their approaches to wetland drainage and provide a daily, habitual model for the challenges of management in the maintenance of fertility on a cosmological scale. The failure and abandonment of Huli drainage projects needs to be understood within this cosmological frame of struggle and inevitable decline.