Дисертації з теми "Indiens d'Amérique – Et la photographie"
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Varet, Eric. "La figure de l'indien à travers la représentation et en particulier la photographie et le cinéma." Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39037.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the concept of the American Indian. To begin with, we deconstruct the idea of the American Indian and consider our understanding of the various elements and how they contribute to the overall meaning. It is the result of collating several figurative representations and it allows us to consider the contribution of different sources, for example mythology and ideology. The first chapter introduces the conceptual notion of the figure whilst also demonstrating other examples than the Indian. The second section considers how individual authors have influenced their portrayals of the American Indian and how these are interlinked. The pictorial representations by illustrators are an invaluable contributory source. The differences that exist between French and American interpretations are also considered in this chapter. The third part is devoted, in particular, to the construction of the Indian figure. The relationship between the figure itself and the assembled evidence allows us to explore the mechanism behind the construction "the Indian". A focus of the study is the “Western” film and how social and historical considerations have impacted on the American Indian as a figure. The mechanism of this is studied chronologically from the early twentieth century to the modern day. The last section demonstrates how a negative image of the American Indian has resulted in a distorted and inaccurate perception of this minority group. Moreover, it considers how this has had a detrimental impact on the integration of the Native American today into society as a whole
Valenzuela-Escobedo, Sergio. "Mänk’áčen : mécanique photographique, mysticisme et superstition chez les peuples originaires d'Amérique du Sud." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0328.
Повний текст джерелаToumayacha Alakana : this popular expression lays at the root of my research. It means “to look with a veiled head”. It is how the Fuegians named the act of photographing in the19th century, when they saw their first cameras, as operators came to America around 1840.What names did native people give to those new images-cum-objects ? How was that unknown device perceived ? What does it mean to be looked at by a veiled head ? My doctoral research offers a shift of of focus and point of view on the act of photography in South America. Can our understanding of photography change if we take native peoples’ perspective on the camera as a starting point ?The idea that native people do not want to be photographed, especially because it would be “stealing their souls”, is a colonial myth. This western belief gave value to the images brought back by explorers. The reasons behind refusing the camera are much more complex and diverse : they can be about the camera angle, the circulation of the image of the self, the one-sided nature of the transaction, the lack of understanding of the device, or political and spiritual considerations
Arrivé, Mathilde. ""Utterly Lost" ? : l'Indien et la photographie à l'épreuve de l'(anti)-modernité dans "The North American Indian" d'Edward S. Curtis." Bordeaux 3, 2009. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2009BOR30054.
Повний текст джерелаWhile some pervasive mythical wrap still lingers on around the name of Edward Curtis and some of his most iconic photogravures, the 20-volume encyclopedia The North American Indian (1907-1930) is a complex, unclassifiable iconotope where the photograph’s artistic and auctorial ambitions meet a vexed political question and a multifaceted cultural and technological moment. As a visual reservoir where identities and representations are imagined, produced and ultimately altered, it promotes dissonant, sometimes contradictory, visual propositions that test the resilience of the residual, 19th-century Indian imagery and negotiate the ambivalences of assimilationnist ideologies. Edward Curtis uses the myth of The Vanishing Race as a rhetorical ensign of his opus and thus builds a paradoxical monument, meant to pay the “last” tributes not only to the supposedly moribund tribal Native America, but also to the heroic ideals of the Frontier era. As a transitional and synthetic work, The North American Indian is a unique and paradigmatic example of anti-modernity, at the crossroads of “the age of confidence” and the “years of conscience”, in the interstices of romanticism and modernism, both in accordance with and in reaction to emergent, contemporary cultural and artistic dynamics. The negativity that pervades Edward Curtis’s pictorialist portraits of Indian life allows the photographer to question the value of his heritage and to tackle some of the major issues of American cultural modernity – the question of ethnicity, the meaning of tradition and memory, the bearing of the imperial past on the colonial present — and eventually to engage indirectly in the overhaul of some crucial categories of modern artistic experience – the question of authorship, the nature of graphic representation and the status of the photographic sign
Hamot-Pezeron, Simone. "Etre indien Caraïbe de nos jours à la Dominique, au Vénézuela et en Guyane française : Texte imprimé." Lyon 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1999/hamot_pezeron_s.
Повний текст джерелаLittle is know of the Carib Indians who gave their name to one of the most beautiful regions on the globe. Half a millenium after the first fateful voyage of Columbus, they still exist and are proud of their famous ancestors. This study about the Carib Indians of Dominica island, Venezuela ethnic Guiana examines this indigenou people in terms of their history, ethnic and social structure, ecological and physical characteristics of the territory, economy and social organization, folk and religion
Emeras, Robert. "Les Squaxins conjuguent la tradition au présent : coutumes et modernité chez les indiens du Nord-Ouest américain de 1964 à 2004 : des fish-ins réprimés à la prospérité respectée." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_15_Emeras.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTraditionally established on the Puget sound in Washington State, the Squaxin indians have managed to remain in their ancestral region in spite of the 1854 treaty that confirmed the loss of their accustomed grounds and temporaly confined them to a tiny island. Helpless against the increasing wave of white settlers, they chose discretion, or even resignation. However the Squaxin identity emerged in the 1970's with an economic drive based on aquaculture. But it was the opening of a casino which allowed the financing of social, cultural and educational goals by this 750 member tribe, now the first employer of the Country. It has become a priority to define landmarks for the future in order preserve the uniqueness of their Nation while tightening their cooperation with other indians. The success of this choice essentially relies on the youths' active implication and adhesion to traditional values
Martinat, Françoise. "Les stratégies politiques et juridiques des leaders indigènes de la Colombie et du Venezuela." Lille 2, 2003. http://books.openedition.org/septentrion/16233.
Повний текст джерелаAccepting that indigenous peoples from Colombia and Venezuela have constitutional rights deeply modifies the relations established between the State, the civil society and the indigenous peoples. The relations of domination give now way to a more complex situation between the different actors. This thesis will focus on two aspects. On the one hand, it will prove that the Constitution has become a strategic weapon in the politic and ethnic demands of the natives. On the other hand, it will show how the Constitution is a source of different interpretations which are dynamic though space and time. Focusing on tactics, political and juridical strategies of the different actors, it is now possible to give a new significance to " politics of recognition " (or " politics of difference ") and to the multiculturalism which these are connected with. Recognizing the ethnic and cultural diversity allows us to give a new meaning to the reform process of the State and to the democratic strengthening observed in Colombia and Venezuela
Maligne, Olivier Vincent. "Les nouveaux indiens : identification aux indiens d'Amérique du Nord et actualisations de l'indianité à travers le mouvement indianophile : mythe, loisir, utopie, mises en spectacles et ingénierie culturelle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0215.
Повний текст джерелаIndianophiles are people passionate for North-American Indians, and try to identify with them, up to a point. Indianophily is studied as a laboratory of cultural construction. This study is based on a fieldwork research, conducted in France from 1998 to 2002, completed with informations collected in Québec (1999-2000). The study is divided in three parts. First is the study of construction of an "indian universe" by indianophiles, based on three elements :
Gannier, Odile. "Les derniers indiens des Caraïbes : image, mythe et réalité." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.numilog.com.gutenberg.univ-lr.fr/bibliotheque/univ-lr/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=104746.
Повний текст джерелаThe indians of the caribbean islands have been haunting the european and west indian collective imaginary. Yet the image is distorted, depending on time and of opinions. Fantasies of paradise, memories of the fortunate islands, dreams of eldo rado, have been cast onto an effectively harmonious civilization. Even if some chroniclers have acknowledged the merits of advances sea-centered " republics", adapted to the natural medium, social organization and a philosophy of life, being too different from the european patterns, have failed to be properly analysed. But, on the contrary, explorers thought they had found monsters in these areas at the antipodes; once this aberration was denied, indians were still judged, be it by interest or ethnocentrism, as being carriers of all possible defects. Consequently they were exploited, reduced to slavery, and nearly wiped out. Once the indians had really disappeared, their image, a fancy one, a stereotype slightly modified according to circumstances, has served all sorts of causes that were not their own; thus the image of the ancient indians is still vivid
Tirard, Christèle. "Les indiens au sein de la confederation canadienne de 1867 a nos jours. Aspects politiques et juridiques." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030125.
Повний текст джерелаDubois, Paul-André. "Chant et mission en Nouvelle-France : espace et rencontre des cultures." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17927.
Повний текст джерелаAriel, de Vidas Anath. "Le tonnerre n'habite plus ici : representations de la marginalite et construction de l'identite teenek, hausteque veracruzaine, mexique." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0120.
Повний текст джерелаThe teenek indians of north-east mexico present a situation of apparent acculturation, accompanied, moreover, by particularly self-demeaning discourses. However, these characteristics, together with an absence of clearly ethnic traits (such as traditional costumes, agricultural rituals, original ceremonies, or a system of religious "cargos"), has not plunged the teenek into anomy, since they have preserved their language and a certain cosmology proper to mesoamerican tradition. This situation disputed commonly held assumptions about interethnic contacts and the resulting acculturation of indians societies and, above all, put to the fore the issue of teenek identity. Beyond the more global analysis of the historical and social factors that led to the differentiated condition of the teenek in the margins of national society, the indigenous exegesis of cultural difference, recovered in this thesis, makes explicit a teenek theory of social distinctions. Teenek cosmology has indeed integrated historical evolution and sociocultural changes in a supernatural reality linked to the diseases and the territory, with the latter turned in this manner into the locus of ancient time memory. This cosmology helps the teenek explain their marginal and subordinated position in front of the mestizos. The kinship linking the teenek to prehuman ancestors turned into underworld beings puts them in an intermediate position, neither that of mestizos nor that of the chthonian beings. The self-demeaning discourses make sense of this situation while at the same time-through their link to the history of the ancestors - they ancestors - they serve as a support foundation of their ethnic identity. It is therefore by means of this cosmology that take shape the registration of alterity (both human and extra-human) and teenek identity itself
Domoison, Patrice. "Insertions indiennes en sociétés créoles : Contribution à une approche anthropologique de groupes d'ascendance indienne de Martinique, de Guadeloupe et de Guyane." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0328.
Повний текст джерелаMost ofthe experts agree to write that the Indian immigrants' contribution in the Caribbean French colonies has been a benefit on the whole in the economy ofthe welcoming countries. Indeed, these years of immigration have contributed to the improvement ofthe sugar cane culture an by extension to the increase of the sugar production. Nevertheless, the planters have used the engaged Indians to break up the legitimate claiming ofthe freed slaves. Today, the Indian participation to the Martinican, Guadeloupian and Guyanese economical development has kept on increasing contributing to the promotion ofnew generations. Conscuenthy, these Indians worked descents play an important part in the economical activity oftheir region mainly in the agricultural and transport fields. The effect ofthis social evolution is the increasing number ofthe workforce in the civil service, the marketing services and the liberal professions. The urbanization of people from India is original. The professional diversification has provoked a sharp improvement ofthe living environment, what corresponds to a remarkable increase on the west Indian socioeconomical scale. However, in spite ofa success full integration, these men have jealously conserved the elements oftheir cultural heritage, which testify their difference within the Indian and Guyanese melting-pot. The different rites, mainly tamij constitute an enrichment ofour plural society, locking for identity. The question ofthe renewal ofthe hindu religions practices in creoles lands is legitimate. The Indian social evolution and the fact that they acquired new knowledge naturally participate to the promotion ofthat millennial philosophy. As a conclusion, we may say that engaged Indians descents' contribution to the creoles society identification i undeniable
Sawaya, Jean-Pierre. "Les Sept-Nations du Canada et les Britanniques, 1759-1774 : alliance et dépendance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66334.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSerafino, Gregorio. "Rituales indígenas en Mesoamerica : la fiesta de Petición de Lluvias et Montaña de Guerrero (méxico)." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE5003.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis concerns native’s rituals in Mexican’s indigenous communities from an anthropological point of view. The main object of the research is the ritual of the rain, or Petición de Lluvias, characterized both by animal sacrifice and by a specific cause-and-effect relationship with the surrounding environment. Ethnographic research has begun on the assumption that we want to verify the persistence of ceremonial procedures that do not belong completely to the Catholic religion. The research was developed in the region of Montaña de Guerrero, situated in South-western Mexico, where live the community of ethnic group Nahua and more precisely in the village of San Pedro Petlacala, Acuilpa, e Xalpatláhuac in the neighborhood of the small town Tlapa de Comonfort. In an environmental context deeply rural as that of the Montaña de Guerrero, the persistence of the rituals draw attention on how the natural resources and the atmospheric agents - rain, wind, clouds - continue to represent the central elements that affect economic variables of subsistence and of social reproduction. The ritual of Petición de Lluvia represents the moment of conjunction between the dry and the rainy season, between planting and harvest of corn. Defined as a religious practice in which the group identifies itself and participates with various donations (ofrenda or ritual deposit), it can be divided into food/objects/prayers and ritual actions. The receiver of the offer is the same divinity of the rain, Tlaloc to the ancient Mesoamerican civilizations, invoked in the guise of the patron saint of 25 April, San Marcos
Bonilla, Lydie Oiara. "Des proies si désirables : soumission et prédation pour les Paumari d'Amazonie brésilienne." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0302.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation is first and foremost an ethnological description of an Arawá-speaking group who has never been anthropologically studied before. The first part is focused on the concept of time, as well as the Paumari concept of transformation. The second part investigates the notion of the person and its ritualistic construction. Finally, the third part discusses social relationships and relatedness. This work also aspires to shed light on the way in which the Paumari submit to others, by putting themselves in the role of victims, so as to make those others take the role of protectors and providers of goods and care. The Paumari do not get what they want by attacking others, rather they do so by sumitting to others. This submission also reveals a form of derision, since while forcing the Other to adopt them, they turn their historic condition into derision so as to evade it
Merlet, Rachel. "La souveraineté tribale des Suquamish (réserve de Port Madison, USA) : renaissance culturelle et revitalisation d’une identité collective." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/merlet_r.
Повний текст джерелаMy thesis examines the contemporary tribal sovereignty in the American Federal State. My interest relates more particularly to the way in which Suquamish Tribe of Puget Sound appropriates and instrumentalizes the tribal political model in order to recompose a collective sociocultural and political organization. By supporting an analysis of the process of reorganization of this model and revitalization of certain latent resources like the canoe, I have been able to observe several elements of collective identity recombining. First, is an element of a political nature in which tribal governments and their autonomy are established within the tribal territory. Secondly, a cultural nature, it is a question of the rebirth and the revitalization of the ancestor’s culture. Finally, is of a social nature. It relates to the importance of group’s consciousness. This study enabled me to note that the tribal sovereignty, although limited to an internal autonomy, allows the tribes to be reconnected with their ancestors, their territory and to take part in the American life in becoming legitimate partners and collaborators. They are free to plan, implement and to manage programs, services and functions. Their sphere of activity remains limited to a small tribal territory. But they control and combine each day a little more their internal capacity, their collective identity and their American citizenship. They were never also visible and present on the American public scene but today
Lucquin-Hanotte, Marie-Pierre. "Les Amérindiens Palikurs et la médecine à travers une expérience en Guyane." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M018.
Повний текст джерелаGourdeau, Claire. "Marie de l'Incarnation et ses pensionnaires amérindiennes (1639-1672) : transferts culturels et acculturation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28657.
Повний текст джерелаAlvizuri, Palenque Verushka Mariela. "La fabrique de l'aymarité : constructions intellectuelles et pratiques sociales contemporaines en Bolivie." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20037.
Повний текст джерелаThe central concept of this work is Aymaraness as an intellectual construction about Aymara Indians of Bolivia. Of particular interest are those intellectuals involved in fomenting the construction of Aymara identity. This work develops a cultural history of intellectuals involved in fomenting the construction of Aymara identity, with the purpose of understanding their motivations. Fundamental to this research is the demystification of Aymaraness at several levels. First studying the rhetoric of Bolivian identity and the central role Aymara Indians play in their discourse of Bolivian identity. Second, understanding the role of researchers who use Aymaraness as their raw research material, and exploring some of their theories to understand how these constructions acquire legitimization. Third, identifying and understanding some Bolivian activist scholars who use their own identity as a material fact of Aymaraness
Kerbiriou, Anne-Hélène. "L'objectif de la foi : l'image des amérindiens dans le corpus photographique des missionnaires Oblats de Marie-Immaculée, Nord-Ouest canadien, 1880-1930." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19876.
Повний текст джерелаMollet, Anne. "Plantes médicinales et alimentaires des Indiens de la Méso-Amérique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P049.
Повний текст джерелаTrunkowski, Isabelle. "Identités ethnique et personnelle chez les indiens Navajos : Evolutions dans le domaine religieux, de l'économie et du politique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070063.
Повний текст джерелаWindow Rock Arizona, Navajo Reservation, 1996-2001. Who are these people I see alternately coming out of a tipee, of a church or some american supermarkets with the truck of their vehicle full of food for the coming week ? How does work this tribe which members are scaterred on the widest Indian territory of North America and who leads them ? What do they believe in and what influences them ? What are the events that punctuated their road through the last century and might those events bring an interesting perspective in order for us to profoundly understand who the Navajos became and what keeps them still very different from the main stream population of the United States. In order to bring a few answers to those main questions on identity and ethnicity among Navajo people, I tried to perceive the component parts of this identity through their life stories, their family memory, their daily life and through the way they perceived some historical events. This reasoning, allowed us to understand the Navajo society as it is today. From the federal government's authoritarian ways of taking care of the Navajos at the beginning of the last century to the will of self determination which was progressively asked by the tribal council and the people themselves ; from the drawbacks of dependency of a whole tribe to the main stream white ways to the long and painful learning of autonomy - first of all for their innerself and then for the entire society - from the times they were forced to forget to the found again memory of their roots and their traditional way of thinking and even for some of them from the christian church to the tipee or the hogan, the Navajo society is definiteley changing. From now on the Navajo Council'spolitical and economical choices are determining factors for the future of the Navajo society and for everyone's ability to free from the yoke of the federal government. To find this freedom back might be the only solution for the Navajos to be able to make their own choices in life. Some of them may make the decision to join the main stream population for good, whereas some others will make the choice of ethnicity and traditions, unless the Navajos finally find a subtle balance out in between the two worlds
Juhel, Jean-Marc. "Les centres universitaires tribaux et l'effort d'autodétermination des indiens d'Amérique dans l'enseignement supérieur, 1968-1993." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30051.
Повний текст джерелаThe history of American indian education since the beginning of the colonization of their territories by the europeans is generally divided into three periods : the mission period, from the sixteenth century through the nineteenth century; the period of the American government takeover, from the early twentieth century to the end of the sixties; finally, the indian self-determination period. Our research focuses on the third priod and on the practical application of this recent concept in higher education. Since 1968, twenty four tribal colleges, a majority of which are community colleges, have been opened by indian communities. These institutions, chartered by tribal councils and administered by indian boards of trustees, have three principal objectives. First they prepare their indian students to integratethe world of higher education and the labor force, both dominated by euro-american influence. Secondly, these colleges' mission is to preserve and revitalize the cultural and linguistic heritage of the tribes from wheich their students come. Finally, they have adopted the functions of social centers in their home communities
Pineda, Camacho Roberto. "Les orphelins de La Vorágine : mémoire, holocauste cauchero et reconstruction culturelle indigène dans le moyen Caquetá (Amazonie colombienne)." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030044.
Повний текст джерелаMandroux-Wolf, Françoise. "Le roman ameridien et ses lecteurs de sa naissance en amerique du nord a sa structure en france." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070033.
Повний текст джерелаRodriguez-Loubet, François. "Les "déserts d'Amérique du Nord" : archéologie et ethnohistoire : une proposition d'approches complémentaires." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010557.
Повний текст джерелаBECERRA, JOSE VIRGILIO. "Les muiscas : une culture precolombienne de la colombie et ses antecedents." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010527.
Повний текст джерелаLeforestier, Charlotte. "L'assimilation des indiens d'Amérique du Nord par l'éducation : une étude comparative." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730946.
Повний текст джерелаBousquet, Marie-Pierre. ""Quand nous vivions dans le bois", le changement spatial et sa dimension générationnelle : l'exemple des Algonquins du Canada." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100096.
Повний текст джерела"When we lived in the bush" is a saying central to the way the Algonkins of Canada talk about themselves. For these former nomadic hunter-trappers who became sedentary between 1853 and the 1960's, it recalls their old lifestyle as opposed to the way they live now. It stresses the strong ties they evoke between tradition and territory. Nowadays, though the Algonkins live in reservations and towns established on their ancestral territory, they present themselves as immigrants, uprooted from the forests where their culture originated. This dissertation looks at how différent generations (or age groups) of Algonkins talk about space and change, with each generation marking a différent phase in the sedentarisation process. By examining the discourse of the various age groups on change, it offers a new look at the perception of spatial change and social transformation. It explores adaptations to rural and urban settings as contexts for expressing a new cultural identity ; it analyzes Algonkin discourse on social categories, the generation gap, and the evolution of criteria for being a member of this native people. The final question is whether one can be an uprooted immigrant while living on one's own ancestral territory
Piedrasanta, Herrera Ruth. "L'espace chez les Chuj de San Mateo Ixtatán (Guatemala) : représentations et dynamique historique : unité et ruptures (1880-2000)." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100038.
Повний текст джерелаFrom an ethnological, as well as multidisciplinary point of view, we'll try to understand the dynamics of the space construction of the Chuj, a Mayan group from the Cuchumatanes, Huehuetenango (Guatemala). In this work we want to explain how this space was organized and to what extent it represented an essential element to understand the Chuj's identity. Three aspects are given greater importance : a) the territory as it offers an empirical analysis from a historical and geographical aspect ; b) the social organisation and particularly how the space for power is structured and functions : how this space is assigned to each of local authority person or informal group exercising power according to their skills and abilities ; c) the mythical representations and rites that account for the cultural logic with which the territorial symbolic unit is built as a group space. We'll study the order of the sacred spaces that rules and shows us the deep relationship that existed with the natural sites and places. Likewise, the representations related to certain deities and other supernatural beings suggest an imaginary geography revealing a fairly broad regional context. These aspects and others, linked to the holy sites can lead to the drawing of maps of the mind that guided Chuj. This is how we've wanted to present the sense of space through its symbolic aspects as well as its spiritual meanings
Martinez-Teran, María-Teresa. "Gregorio García, O. P. , 1554?-1630 : l'idéologie coloniale et l'origine des Indiens." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030085.
Повний текст джерелаDubray-Vautrin, Clotilde. "Santé, sacré et territoire, l'espace politique et identitaire du bien vivre shuar en Equateur : socio-anthropologie des liens entre pouvoir chamanique, légitimité traditionnelle et représentation politique." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL032.
Повний текст джерелаThe Shuar people of Ecuador participate in native movements of politico-identical demands in a globalized context of natives rights recognizing. Reputed for their practice of human head reducing, people of a shamanic and warrior ideology and implied in the renewal of national and international political stakes, These people impulse since 1964 a regional federative grouping. In this frame, practices and shamanics representations of the world have a considerable influence on the formation of the leaders and on the contents of their speech. This thesis suggests analyzing a specific context of shamanicals representations’ influence on indigenous movements to understand in which measure the shuar notion of penker pujustin – well being - is a determinant of the shuar demands. Totalizing 13 months of ground in ecuadorian Amazonia, we will analyze the question of “living together” in a multicultural context. This work is at the border of ethnology, anthropology and sociology, in the domains of politics, health, sacred and territory. Working on the shuar people obligates to the reading and mobilization of anthropological and ethnological concepts. By the way, the changes operating on this ground places us in the conceptual field of political and health sociology. This double approach makes of this research a political socio-anthropology of good living
En un contexto mundializado de reconocimiento de derechos específicos a los pueblos autóctonos, el pueblo shuar del Ecuador participo a los movimientos indígenas de reivindicaciones politico-identitarias e impulsa en su tiempo el proceso de agrupamiento federativo en la región amazónica. Reputados por su práctica de reducción de cabezas humanas, ese pueblo de ideología chamanica y guerrera está implicado en el renuevo de las puesta políticas nacionales e internacionales. El chamanismo, como prácticas y representaciones del mundo, tiene una influencia considerable sobre la formación de los líderes y también sobre el contenido de sus discursos. Esta tesis se propone analizar ese contexto particular de la influencia de la representaciones chamanicas sobre los movimientos indígenas a partir de la noción shuar del penker pujustin - buen vivir, para entender en qué medida esa es determinante de las reivindicaciones de este pueblo. Saliendo de algunas fases de terreno (totalizando 13 meses), buscaremos entender el pasaje de un sentimiento de pertenencia comunitaria shuar (dividida en clanes familiares y grupos de afinidad socialmente determinados), hasta reivindicaciones de pertenencia y de integración nacional, por la participación activa a la vida política nacional e internacional. Es bien la cuestión de “vivir juntos” que interrogaremos, en suma como mantener la cohesión social en un contexto multicultural. Este trabajo es a la frontera de la etnología, de la antropología y de la sociología, en los dominios del político, de la salud, del sagrado y del territorio. El hecho de trabajar con este pueblo shuar nos obliga a la lectura y a la movilización de conceptos antropológicos y etnológicos. No obstante la evolución, los cambios a la obra sobre el terreno nos colocan también en el campo conceptual de la sociología del político y de la salud. Este doble enfoque hace de esta investigación un socio-antropología del buen vivir
Renaud, Roger. "Les Tribus et les errants : contacts entre indiens et européens, au 16e siècle en Amérique du Nord." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070169.
Повний текст джерелаThe common failure of colonial attempts, during the 16th century in north america is usually ascribed to essentially unfavourable or adverse native conditions. A critical study of original documents contradict this tradition. Against the numerous opportunities available to them, the europeans cling stubbornly to the chimerical project of finding locally an equivalent of mexico or peru and abstain, till to starvation, from any kind of economic pursuit. Against the offer of cultural relationship, addressed to them by hospitable, populous and prosperous indian communities, they take refuge in a fanciful dream of superiority, which at that time can only be signified soon or late by violence, a violence then always victorious, but gratuitous, useless and without any bebefit for them. Thus their failure is due to a systematic and irrational refusal of the indigenous reality. And this refusal has its source in a deep feeling of insecurity, in a crisis of identity, resulting for them from the contact with a different world and different peoples
Lamour, Pierre-Yves. "La littérature contemporaine des indiens d'Amérique du Nord en quête d'une nouvelle identité." Paris 4, 1985. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01098460.
Повний текст джерелаContemporary North-American Indians write to keep and revive their identity in a changing world. Their poems or novels highlight a spleen of their own: modern American Indian writers ride on, with Winter in the blood, but Spring in the heart
Neff, Françoise. "Mouvement et intensité dans la pensée indienne : mythes et rituels de l'Etat de Guerrero, Mexique." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100059.
Повний текст джерелаThe whole year round, the indigenous communities from de “Mountain” region (State of Guerrero, Mexico), nahuas, me'phaa (tlapanec) and sa'avi (mixtec), celebrate the arrival or departure of their guests, human beings and animals as well as natural elements, since they take part in the collective labour of making sure that plants, beasts and rain are growing, being multiplied and righteously distributed. Mythes and rites are organized around opposed and complementary principles, brought together and fused into multiple forms (such as bridal engagements, fights, dreams), and they finally come after each other at the end of the sacrifices. . This process of never-ending creation reactivates lost intensities and makes the world going round, allowing generations to follow in the footsteps of the former one
Massal, Julie. "La participation politique indienne en Equateur : vers une démocratie participative ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32015.
Повний текст джерелаIndian social movements in Ecuador are demanding participative democracy. Since 1996, the Pluri-national Unity-Pachakutik New Country Movement and its main protagonist the Ecuadorian Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities (CONAIE), have sought to represent those who are exluded from the political system, especially the indigenous people. Autonomous Indian participation in politics is thus a very recent demand. Why and in what context has this demand emerged ? How has Indian mobilisation developed since the return of democracy in 1978 ? Ultimately, which forms of social mobilisation and political participation do the indigenous organisations advocate in order to implement a participative democracy ?. .
Schlotter, Michel. "Indigénisme et indianité : étude des représentations de l'Indien au Mexique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20044.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research is to carry out a detailed study of the different figures of indianity and of the different representations of the Indian in the Mexican indigenism, and to assess their consequences on the Indian identities from the Mexican independence in 1821 to nowadays. We have undertaken to determine the set of dominant representations they have been constantly faced with. Our analysis of indigenism focuses on the trend of thoughts, ideas and policies which developed tightly around the image of the Indian, against the background of their social relationships. Our analysis highlights various facets of the Indian, which, actually, inform us more about the perception we have of them than about their social or cultural reality. We have underlined how arbitrary it has been and it is to give a definition of indianity, since the definition seldom answers the interests and preoccupations of the Indians but meets the demands of other social sectors (intellectuals, politicians, anthropologists). Indigenism, both reflection of mentalities and work at the level of representations, offers the opportunity to understand the categories that organise the indigenous question. Indigenism is the privileged vehicle for grasping and questioning the Indians' identity as regard the racial and ethnic relations and their acculturation. The case of Guerrero is aborded
Savalle, Caroline. "Premiers contacts entre britanniques et indiens d'Amérique du Nord et conséquences sur leurs modes de vie respectifs." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study investigates the consequences that contacts between British people and Native American populations had on their respective ways of life. There is a widespread cliché in people’s minds according to which only British people would have had (heavily) left their marks on the North American ground and peoples that they encountered. Nevertheless, and contrarily to this idea, we shall tackle here their reciprocal influence, that is the way in which Native tribes also deeply impacted British colonists’ everyday life in the New World. We were able to witness such an influence thanks to archaeological, historical and ethnohistorical evidence. Various angles of study were chosen for this paper: the cultural habits and behaviors directly or indirectly linked to food (how did people have access to food supplies? How were foodstuffs prepared or cooked? Were food and/or meals shared? Which social links and practices -if any- derived from such habits?...). We shall also have to present to the audience what Native people’s connections and attitudes towards other tribes, or colonists from different European nations, were. And these could have been friendly, diplomatic, economical or even hostile relationships, implying political management and thinking ahead of taking actions, which was commonly omitted in the past
Diarra, Samassé. "Les prémices de la république : Thomas Jefferson, fils des Lumières et ami des Indiens d'Amérique." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0041/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study examines the philosophy of Thomas Jefferson and is concerned with revealing the Enlightenment spirit he embodies, on the one hand, and understanding his conception of the issues of Indians and Blacks, on the other hand. Jefferson considers himself primarily as a scientist, which implies pragmatism. We should therefore discuss how he addresses the major challenges of his time by analyzing his various writings and other critical studies. Jefferson thinks that a Creator determines the natural order of things, the intervention of human reason can only be for the better. Thus, he finds the foundations of English traditions and the United States government in natural laws. He reached these results with the help of a kind of relativism that he also applies to the Indians but not to the Blacks. Although he assumes that there is a need for scientific data concerning Indians and Blacks, he advocates for them a policy that derives from his own convictions. Indians are potential members of the republic while Blacks were to be deported elsewhere once freed from slavery. He argues that intermixing Blacks and Whites creates conflicts due to the harm caused to the Blacks but also because of the natural separations of color and perhaps of intelligence. In the absence of scientific evidence, Jefferson seems to solve the Indian question by relativism and that of the Blacks through his belief this leads him to believe that a Divine Providence would do justice to black slaves
Poloni-Simard, Jacques. "Indianité et métissages : la dynamique de la société indienne du corregimiento de Cuenca (Equateur) XVIe-XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0026.
Повний текст джерелаThesis analysies the processes of transformation of the indian society of the corregimiento of cuenca (ecuador) on the eve of the conquest to 18th century, from organized in three parts : 1533-1620, 1620-1680 and 1680-1780. It proposes three models of recomposition in function of the different contrasts of the local colonial economy, of the indian demography, of the evolution of the relation between dominants and dominates. It studies forms and actors of indian participation to colonial economy, measures social differenciation's degree and sets on the diversity of the social conditions, as urban as rural. Looking for surrounding question of indian identity at the same time as process of the mestizo culture, it informs individual and collectiv strategies, dynamics of samll peasantry, cacis and town's common people, seeing that defense of community's ideal or the integration of a mestizo model
Dubs, Sandra. "Danses, langues et transmission culturelle chez les Amérindiens contemporains." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0594.
Повний текст джерелаMainly considered as an entertainment recalling the history of the first inhabitants of the American continent, Native Amùerican dance proves here its high semantic potential evoking the main mythic lines sutaining a characteristic Native American way of seeing the world. The Eagle and the Snake, as principal roles in myths and dances, will testify of the semantic elements they implicate and carry with them while performing, their representational plasticity allowing them to be evoked as soon as they are seen or only suggested in gesture, or in words pronounced on stage. We demonstrate that dance, together with vernacular language still spoken on stage during creremonies and Pow Wow, reveals a deep structure of Native american culture, which happens to be fractal. This structure showing a dynamic fractal aspect allows people who are brought up in native culture, as well as the ones who only perform once a year in pow wow, to access by dance and language in motion to enough components of their culture for its continuation. The way of learning the dances by copying an elder plays also a part in the cultural transmission, while respecting individualities, because it is a pattern to accomplish which is given to acquire and not a body shaping. This fractal pattern featuring on stage in dance and vernacular laguage practices, and also in Native American artifacts and narrations, constitute the latent prospective of cultural perpetuation fo Native american People today
Montagnani, Tommaso. "Je suis Otsitsi : musiques rituelles et représentations sonores chez les Kuikuro du Haut-Xingu." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0462.
Повний текст джерелаKikuro people play many music genres: in this dissertation we analyse Kagutu flute music, Tolo female songs, Takwara clarinet and Atanga flute music. We aim to show how social relations are reproduced in musical structures. Women sing a repertoire of songs sharing some of its melodies with Kagutu flute repertoire. This dissertation demonstrates that musical variation is a form of feminine assertiveness. Another proof of the representative power of Kuikuro music concerns the spirit called Itseke. Kagutu flute music belongs to Itseke and the flute can pronounce the name of the spirit owner of the piece of music, turning sensible the spirit's presence. The apprenticeship of music is describes in one of the main chapters. Language plays an important role in learning, since instrumental music is memorized by means of a sequence of syllabes. The spirit's names "sung" by the flutes also are an important mnemonic tool
Comat, Ioana. "Se construire et s'affirmer par les lieux : un regard sur les présences autochtones à Montréal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30530/30530.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKEY WORDS: Montreal, Quebec, cultural geography, Indian Act, Native Friendship Centres movement, place, subject, narrative. This thesis is based on the fact that the Indian Act confines the existence of First Nations in the heterotopic space of reserves, thus not only conditioning their ways of conceiving and identifying themselves, but also their relationships with and within the city. On the premise of a consubstancial association between Aboriginals and Indian reserves, it is hardly surprising that urban Aboriginal presence had been seen by the Canadian government first as equivalent to rural exodus, then synonymous with a cultural dissolution within the ‘‘host’’ society. In order to deconstruct the ideological incarceration of Aboriginal communities in legally defined territories, this thesis explores the experiences of Aboriginal peoples in Montreal and, more specifically, with one of its oldest institutions, the Native Friendship Centre. So as to contribute in reconstructing the representations of urban Aboriginal presence, we propose firstly to restore the memory of this place through the experiences of those who made its history, secondly to analyze the social movement rhetoric carried by the Regroupement des Centres d’amitié autochtones du Québec and thirdly, to enrich its goal of transformation by looking back on testimonials from people more or less external to the Centre. The participative nature of this research provides an opportunity to rethink the conceptual apparatus generally used to address the experiences of Aboriginal peoples in cities while rendering visible the historical and cultural heritage of Montreal’s Aboriginal presence. In this way, cultural geography’s theoretical perspectives, in particular the triptych place / subject /narrative, allows us to contribute to the emerging field of study concerned with Aboriginal people in urban areas.
Gorge, Emmanuel. "L' imaginaire musical amérindien : modalités structurales et typologies stylistiques." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010646.
Повний текст джерелаGruzinski, Serge. "Le filet déchiré : sociétés indigènes, occidentalisation et domination coloniale dans le Mexique central, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010522.
Повний текст джерелаPalmiste, Claire. "L'adoption d'enfants autochtones par des familles blanches aux États-Unis : Origines et conséquences." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0292.
Повний текст джерелаThe removal of South-Eastern tribes, the criteria that define enrolment, urbanization and the boarding school systems represented what Rapahel Lemkin called: “a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the group themselves”. Theses actions impacted on Native communities, as they were deprived of their children. For from being the consequences of colonialism, the transracial adoption of Native children can be viewed as the continuity of a genocide that started with territorial expansion. Funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and managed by the Child Welfare League of America, the Indian Adoption Project which initially purported to place 395 Native children in white families encouraged adoption agencies to carry out these adoptions nationwide. In 1968, the Association on American Indian Affairs denounced that situation, bringin evidences that Native children were discriminated owing to the per capita rate of removal. In 1978, Congress voted the Indian Child Welfare Act, in order to protect the interest of the tribes and the children. It demands that Native children be placed in their communities in priority. Some States refuse to comply with the law, putting forward the concept of the “existing family doctrine”. It suggests that cultural links are more important than blood links. Our study shows a curb in the removal of Native children from 2000-2003, but the foster care placements in Minnesota are still high. The high rate of placements could be explained by family instability
Lemaire, Janine. "Les Indiens citadins de l'agglomération de San Francisco dans une perspective nationale et régionale." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070038.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD dissertation about the Native Americans residing in the urban area of San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose in California studies the living conditions of this community during the second half of the twentieth century. After a summary of the history of the Bay Area Indians until 1945, comes an analysis of the migration of reservation inhabitants towards this region in the 1950's and 1960's. Then the situation and the recent evolution of the metropolitan area Indians are described in the following fields : demography, residential patterns, economy, work, family, education, health, associations and ethnic events. The end of this study recalls the community's activism in the 1960's that led to the occupation of the Alcatraz Island
Grisales, Jiménez Germán Federico. "Le progrès et le développement comme droits de l'homme : de l'ONU au trapèze amazonien." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0168.
Повний текст джерелаFirst, this thesis looks for synthesizing the history of the ideas of "Progress" and "Development" as human Rights until theirs ONU oncorporation. Second, makes a new interpretation of the colombian amazon trapeze history and its relation with those ideas in front of Globalization
Crémézi, Sylvie. "Au coeur de la danse : le corps résonant à la clef de la résilience culturelle et sociale des Indiens Pueblo Tewa, Navajo et Apache Mescalero du Nouveau-Mexique." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30015.
Повний текст джерелаThe Pueblo Tewa, Navajo and Mescalero Apache Indians of New Mexico apply a participatory consciousnes to their conception of life and society to establish a kind of resonance with what they perceive. These cultures are based on perceptual phenomenology. At the core of their experience, they are based on the perception gained from using the entire body of their denses in direct participation with the natural world. Dance is present in order to maintain the harmonious dynamics and flux of the universe. We propose to see in these dancing bodies awakened to the presence of the world, resonating with nature and the cosmos, manifesting meanings and the flexibility of these societies, a factor of social and cultural endurance
Arango, Alejandro. "Le système symbolique et le processus de modernisation des indiens Kogui-Arsario (Colombie)." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081406.
Повний текст джерелаWe had studied the kogui-arsario indians, one of the ethnic groups of the sierra nevada de santa marta, their actual cultural system and their social development. At the first part, by an historiographic research, we have consider the social impact of the spanish colonisation and the importance of the catholic missions at this period. At the second part, we had done an ethno-linguistic research about the representations system; we had know the singularities and the commons characteristics with the others societies of the country. We had studied: the notion of the person, the perception of the nature and the holy, the rituals practices. At the third part, we had developed an analyse of the coca ritual, that the kogui-arsario conserve like a fundamental one