Готові списки джерел за темами / Indicator aggregation

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Indicator aggregation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Indicator aggregation"

Färe, Rolf, Shawna Grosskopf, and Valentin Zelenyuk. "Aggregation of Nerlovian profit indicator." Applied Economics Letters 15, no. 11 (September 26, 2008): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850600825584.

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Lee, Jong Seok, and Hyun Il Choi. "Comparative Analysis of Flood Vulnerability Indicators by Aggregation Frameworks for the IPCC’s Assessment Components to Climate Change." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112321.

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As severe flood damages have been increasing due to climate change, the flood vulnerability assessment is needed in the flood mitigation plans to cope with climate-related flood disasters. Since the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report (IPCC TAR) presented the three assessment components, such as exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability for the vulnerability to climate change, several aggregation frameworks have been used to compile individual components into the composite indicators to measure the flood vulnerability. It is therefore necessary to select an appropriate aggregation framework for the flood vulnerability assessments because the aggregation frameworks can have a large influence on the composite indicator outcomes. For a comparative analysis of flood vulnerability indicators across different aggregation frameworks for the IPCC’s assessment components, the composite indicators are derived by four representative types of aggregation frameworks with all the same proxy variable set in the Republic of Korea. It is found in the study site that there is a key driver component of the composite indicator outcomes and the flood vulnerability outcomes largely depend on whether the key component is treated independently or dependently in each aggregation framework. It is concluded that the selection of an aggregation framework can be based on the correlation and causality analysis to determine the relative contribution of the assessment components to the overall performance of the composite indicators across different aggregation frameworks.

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Maisano, Domenico, and Luca Mastrogiacomo. "Checking the Consistency of Solutions in Decision-Making Problems with Multiple Weighted Agents." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2018010103.

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A decision-making problem diffused in various practical contexts is that of aggregating multi-agent judgements into a consensus ordering, in the case the agents' importance is expressed through a set of weights. A crucial point in this aggregation is that the consensus ordering well reflects the input data, i.e., agents' judgements and importance. The scientific literature encompasses several aggregation techniques, even if it does not include a versatile tool for a quantitative assessment and comparison of their performance. The aim of this paper is introducing a new indicator (p), which allows to verify the degree of consistency between consensus ordering and input data. This indicator is simple, intuitive and independent from the aggregation technique in use; for this reason, it can be applied to a variety of practical contexts and used to compare the results obtained through different aggregation techniques, when applied to a specific problem. The description is supported by various application examples.

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Ruiz, Francisco, and José Manuel Cabello. "MRP-PCI: A Multiple Reference Point Based Partially Compensatory Composite Indicator for Sustainability Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031261.

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Assessing different types of sustainability is a complex procedure, which implies considering aspects of very different nature. One way to do this is using a system of single indicators measuring all these different aspects and aggregating them in an overall composite indicator. In line with the concepts of weak and strong sustainability, the compensability degree among the indicators allowed by the aggregation procedure is a crucial issue. There exist methods that allow for full compensability, zero compensability, or partial compensability. In most of them, the compensation degree is established in a global way, that is, it is the same for all the indicators. In this paper, we develop the Multiple Reference Point Partially Compensatory Indicator (MRP-PCI), where a different compensation index can be established for each indicator. The resulting method can be applied to any system of indicators, and successfully considers the compensation indices given. Some examples and comparisons are used to illustrate its behavior.

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Kosaric, N., E. M. Mahoney, L. K. Varangu, and W. L. Cairns. "Cell Surface and Aggregation Studies of Microbes from Anaerobic Systems." Water Quality Research Journal 22, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.022.

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Abstract Studies were performed to evaluate cell surface properties of aggregated microbial granules from anaerobic digestion systems. Cell surface properties (hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity) were obtained by contact angle measurements in an aqueous phase. The cells’ charges were evaluated by measuring zeta potential and settlability was used as a measure of aggregating of cells under various experimental conditions. Flocculation tests have shown to be a good indicator of aggregation ability between cells. Aggregation can be modulated by changing those environmental and engineering parameters which can be measured by contact angle and zeta potential.

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Vann, Katie. "Surplus and Indicator." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 3 (February 17, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2017.113.

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This essay offers a perspective on journal impact factor (JIF) centrism in academic evaluation from the vantage point of academic publishing in an increasingly data-driven scholarly environment. The political implications and orientations to the JIF are thought through with respect both to commercial publishing industry consolidation and to the reliance of public-sector scholarly communities on (oligopolistic) commercial academic publishing houses. The author proposes that centrism to the JIF as a legitimizing indicator and incentivizing norm leads to two diametrically opposed forms of “surplus”: for academic communities, surplus emerges in the form of layers of scholarly knowledge effects/impact and labor, which, because they remain foreclosed to formal professional recognition, are inadvertently reconstructed as dispensable (waste); for private sector publishing companies––whose contribution to the publishing process consists foremost in providing scalable content management/distribution platforms and in transforming unique manuscript content into standardized digital objects that are amenable to indexing, aggregation, and comparative calculation––surplus emerges in the form of monetary surplus (profit). The essay describes the inner workings of these phenomena.

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LIM, HOCK-EAM. "ESTIMATING THE EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE INDICATOR: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA GRADUATES." Singapore Economic Review 52, no. 01 (April 2007): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590807002579.

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This paper proposes an alternate method of estimating the employment performance indicator using the Cox Proportional Hazard model with competing risk framework. Simple aggregation and the logit model have also been used in the estimating for comparison purpose. Using the data of Universiti Utara Malaysia graduates, the study finds that the Bachelor of Accounting degree has the highest employment performance indicator. There are significant differences found in the employment performance ranking as constructed by the proportional hazard model, logit model and simple aggregation.

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Hayes, Laura E., and Xi Zheng. "Aggregation of Connecticut Towns for Precise Population Health Indicator Assessment." Annals of Epidemiology 27, no. 8 (August 2017): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.07.136.

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Machado, Elia A., and Samuel Ratick. "Implications of indicator aggregation methods for global change vulnerability reduction efforts." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 23, no. 7 (December 15, 2017): 1109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-017-9775-7.

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Zhou, P., B. W. Ang, and D. Q. Zhou. "Weighting and Aggregation in Composite Indicator Construction: a Multiplicative Optimization Approach." Social Indicators Research 96, no. 1 (April 22, 2009): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9472-3.

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Дисертації з теми "Indicator aggregation"

Jones, Glynn. "Application of the L-Tryptophanol assay as an indicator of soluble amyloid aggregates in brain, CSF and plasma." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232368.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia; a problem that is growing in size and cost as the population ages. Early soluble aggregates composed misfolded 'amyloid' peptide sequences have been implicated as key to the initiation and onset of AD pathology, although little is definitively known as to when and how these assemblies form or interact to instigate pathology. The primary focus of this study was to evaluate whether L-Tryptophanol (Trol) signal, which has been shown to be induced via soluble amyloid species, increases with AD severity in a range of ex vivo human samples. Testing of this hypothesis was carried out in several stages: Initially synthetic versions of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide were tested in vitro to corroborate Trols propensity to associate to amyloid assemblies and allow for method development. Next, a range of brain lysates from several transgenic mouse lines and aged human AD cases and controls were assessed using the reporter. These experiments demonstrated Trols sensitivity to Aβ and tau, and provided compelling evidence that Trol signal tracks disease progression in brain lysates. During the final stage of testing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and blood plasma samples from PD patients was evaluated. Results from this phase of testing indicated that Trol was able to detect differences in sample composition between healthy and diseased individuals, however differences were not clear cut and could have been affected by confounding factors. Overall, the data presented here suggest that Trol may be able to track disease progression in amyloidopathies when implemented in brain lysates. However, further testing is required to completely validate this finding. These findings highlight the potential of simple techniques for amyloid detection to aid within the diagnosis, evaluation of disease progression and study of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

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Hudrlíková, Lenka. "Kompozitní indikátory: konstrukce, využití, interpretace." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191786.

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This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the construction, usage and interpretation of composite indicators. Methods and techniques, which can be used for constructing composite indicators, are introduced. The focus is on their contribution to the transparent solution of the problem of correlation and compensability among underlying indicators. Transparency in construction of composite indicators is a crucial requirement for obtaining reliable results and their correct interpretation. The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part is theoretically oriented. First, the problem of adequacy and subsequently a measurement of the phenomenon by means of statistical indicators are discussed. Different methods for data normalization, setting a weighting scheme and aggregation are introduced and compared. These three steps are considered to be crucial in a process of constructing a composite indicator and thus, they are the core of the thesis. The aim is to investigate an interaction of normalization methods, weight-setting and aggregation methods, since these steps are not separate. The second part of the thesis consists of two comprehensive cases. Theoretical findings are applied and empirically verified in these cases. I investigated a robustness of the composite indicator depending on a combination of selected methods of normalization, setting weights and aggregation on a set of Europe 2020 indicators. Whereas this first case dealt with the comparative analysis of methods, the second case is focused purely on one issue -- university ranking. The proposed method reacts to criticism of currently published university rankings and takes into account specifics of the particular university as well as the exogenous background characteristics. The main added value rests in a contribution to a discussion about the improvement of construction and overall quality of composite indicators including their interpretation. I pointed out the main concerns and difficulties of composite indicators that often remain unnoticed by users and even constructors. The conclusion brings several beneficial findings, which can be used for the construction of a composite indicator and an interpretation of final scores and ranking. This work can also serve as a scientific ground for further research and development of the methodology of constructing composite indicators.

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Лютенко, Ірина Вікторівна. "Моделі та інформаційні технології комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів в задачах підтримки прийняття рішень". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/34232.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) за спеціальністю 05.13.06 "Інформаційні технології" (122 – Комп'ютерні науки). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017. Об'єкт дослідження – процес комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів в задачах підтримки прийняття рішень. Предмет дослідження – моделі, методи та інформаційні технології комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів в задачах підтримки прийняття рішень. Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню науково-практичної задачі – розробці моделей та інформаційної технології комплексного оцінювання складних об'єктів багатоознакової природи для підвищення обґрунтованості процесу прийняття рішень. У дисертаційній роботі вирішена актуальна науково-практична задача розробки моделей та інформаційної технології комплексного оцінювання складних об'єктів багатоознакової природи для підвищення обґрунтованості процесу прийняття рішень. Проаналізовано існуючі інформаційні технології, моделі та методи оцінювання складних об'єктів та процесів і сформульовано основні вимоги до розробки інформаційної технології комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів. Розроблено моделі побудови множини первинних показників, агрегування показників та інтерпретації комплексної оцінки. Розроблено метод комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів з використанням кваліметричної методики та методу послідовного агрегування показників. Удосконалено інформаційну технологію комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів. Результати дослідження впроваджено в практику побудови підсистем оцінювання в системах підтримки прийняття рішень підприємств Харкова, Києва, а також у навчальний процес кафедри програмної інженерії та інформаційних технологій управління НТУ "ХПІ".
The dissertation for a candidate degree in technical sciences (PhD), specialty 05.13.06 "Information Technologies" (122 – Computer science). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The object of the study is the process of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment in the tasks of decision-making support. The subject of research – models, methods and information technologies of of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment in the tasks of decision-making support. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the scientific and practical problem - the development of models and information technology for complex objects of multisign nature comprehensive assessment to increase the validity of the decision-making process. Relevant scientific and practical task is solved in the thesis. The models and information technology of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment was developed in order to enhance the validity of the decision-making process. The existing information technologies, models and methods of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment were analyzed. Main requirements for the information technology of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment were designed. Models for the set of primary indicators, aggregation and interpretation of comprehensive assessment were developed. The method of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment was designed using qualimetric methods and method of indicators step-by-step aggregation. Information technology of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment was improved. Research results were implemented into the practice of assessment subsystems constructing in decision-making systems of Kharkiv and Kiev enterprises, as well as in the educational process of the Software engineering and information technology management department of NTU "KhPI".

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Лютенко, Ірина Вікторівна. "Моделі та інформаційні технології комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів в задачах підтримки прийняття рішень". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/34219.

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Анотація:

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.06 – інформаційні технології. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018. У дисертаційній роботі вирішена актуальна науково-практична задача розробки моделей та інформаційної технології комплексного оцінювання складних об'єктів багатоознакової природи для підвищення обґрунтованості процесу прийняття рішень. Проаналізовано існуючі інформаційні технології, моделі та методи оцінювання складних об'єктів та процесів і сформульовано основні вимоги до розробки інформаційної технології комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів. Розроблено моделі побудови множини первинних показників, агрегування показників та інтерпретації комплексної оцінки. Розроблено метод комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів з використанням кваліметричної методики та методу послідовного агрегування показників. Удосконалено інформаційну технологію комплексного оцінювання багатоознакових об'єктів. Результати дослідження впроваджено в практику побудови підсистем оцінювання в системах підтримки прийняття рішень підприємств Харкова, Києва, а також у навчальний процес кафедри програмної інженерії та інформаційних технологій управління НТУ "ХПІ".
The dissertation for a candidate degree in technical sciences, specialty 05.13.06 – Information Technologies. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2018. Relevant scientific and practical task is solved in the thesis. The models and information technology of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment was developed in order to enhance the validity of the decision-making process. The existing information technologies, models and methods of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment were analyzed. Main requirements for the information technology of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment were designed. Models for the set of primary indicators, aggregation and interpretation of comprehensive assessment were developed. The method of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment was designed using qualimetric methods and method of indicators step-by-step aggregation. Information technology of multiattribute object comprehensive assessment was improved. Research results were implemented into the practice of assessment subsystems constructing in decision-making systems of Kharkiv and Kiev enterprises, as well as in the educational process of the Software engineering and information technology management department of NTU "KhPI".

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Sing, Charles Edward. "Photoluminescent Dye and Polymer Blends as Tunable Time-Temperature Indicators." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1220571864.

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Pohl, Eva. "Towards Corporate Sustainable Development : The ITT Flygt Sustainability Index." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-145.

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This thesis suggests a method for measurement of corporate contribution to sustainable development, looking at how well a company stands up to its policies and commitments regarding sustainable development.

A sustainability index is developed and calculated for ITT Flygt AB over a three years period (2002-2004). The index structure is based on scientific literature and interviews with ITT Flygt and four other engineering companies.

The purpose of the index is to support corporate sustainability-management.

The index is calculated by aggregating some forty sustainability-indicators. These indicators are individual to each company and are designed to measure the significant sustainability aspects of the company.

Besides from providing one aggregated sustainability-value of the company, the index also provides sub-indices, which support the interpretation of the index result.

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Petkovová, Ludmila. "Možnosti využití kompozitních indikátorů při hodnocení udržitelného rozvoje a kvality života." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203710.

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The main objective of this thesis is to assess the applicability of methods that are based on the employment of composite indicators when evaluating the 'sustainable development' and 'quality of live' indexes. The first issue observed in here is whether the composite indicators as such even represent a suitable tool for assessing the above mentioned area of analysis; if the answer is yes, then, secondly, under which conditions the composite indicators may be applied in the context of our analysis. After answering the questions above, it is crucial to find suitable methods for the particular steps of constructing the composite indicator for the sustainable development and quality of life categories, whereby it is also necessary to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages resulting from the application of the selected composite indicators for the purposes of the respective analysis. Within this thesis, the comparison of individual methods of constructing the indicators was performed by means of applying the individual indicators on the established set of data, as well as a subsequent comparison of results and the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the individual methods has been done with respect to the factual side of the particular composite indicators (i.e. with respect to the sustainable development and quality of life in our case). Various composite indicators for the quality of life and sustainable development have already been established; the necessity of composing additional composite indicators for the above mentioned categories reflects the problematic nature of finding a suitable tool that would be generally accepted in this case. This thesis provides for relevant conclusions and recommendations that should contribute to establish a suitable approach towards the construction of composite indicators for the sustainable development and quality of life assessment. Furthermore, the thesis provides for the comparison of methods as employed in practical construction of composite indicators in our context with methods based on a professional theory. The professional theory/literature addresses and recommends certain methods for the construction of composite indicators in the relevant context, however, these methods are typically not applied in the practical construction of the most frequently/commonly used composite indicators for measuring the sustainable development and quality of life. The critical aspects that have been observed within comparison of the individual methods are transparency of calculation, interpretability of results, robustness of the composite indicator closely linked to the nature and character of the data, and the level of applicable compensation of the individual parameters within the respective indicator that is allowed by the particular aggregation mechanism employed. The thesis concludes on a rather questionable use of composite indicators in case of assessing the sustainable development, whereby deduces on recommending the application of composite indicators only in case of assessing the quality of life, which may also be understood as a part (sub-item) of the sustainable development and which is easier to be quantitatively expressed. In parallel, the circumstances of the quality of life are better to be compared across various items, e.g. regions. The results indicate that it is not possible to establish a uniform recommendation when selecting the most suitable method; in case of every construction of the particular composite indicator it is necessary to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of all the considered methods. At the same time, the results lead to consideration of relevancy of conclusions resulting from the evaluation of quality of life by means of composite indicators, especially by means of a single number.

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Lindén, David. "Exploration of implicit weights in composite indicators : The case of resilience assessment of countries’ electricity supply." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239687.

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Composite indicators, also called indices, are widely used synthetic measures for ranking and benchmarking alternatives across complex concepts. The aim of constructing a composite indicator is, among other things, to simplify and condense the information of a plurality of underlying indicators. However, to avoid misleading results, it is important to ensure that the construction is performed in a transparent and representative manner. To this end, this thesis aims to aid the construction of the Electricity Supply Resilience Index (ESRI) – which is a novel energy index, developed within the Future Resilient Systems (FRS) programme at the Singapore-ETH Centre (SEC) – by looking at the complementary and fundamental component of index aggregation, namely the weighting of the indicators. Normally, weights are assigned to reflect the relative importance of each indicator, based on stakeholders’ or decision-makers’ preferences. Consequently, the weights are often perceived to be importance coefficients, independent from the dataset under analysis. However, it has recently been shown that the structure of the dataset and correlations between the indicators often have a decisive effect on each indicator’s importance in the index. In fact, their importance rarely coincides with the assigned weights. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as implicit weights. The aim of this thesis is to assess the implicit weights in the aggregation of ESRI. For this purpose, a six-step analytical framework, based on a novel variance-based sensitivity analysis approach, is presented and applied to ESRI. The resulting analysis shows that statistical dependencies between ESRI’s underlying indicators have direct implications on the outcome values – the equal weights assigned a-priori do not correspond to an equal influence from each indicator. Furthermore, when attempting to optimise the weights to balance the contribution of each indicator, it is found that this would require a highly unbalanced set of weights and come at the expense of representing the indicators in an effective manner. Thereby, it can be concluded that there are significant dependencies between the indicators and that their correlations need to be accounted for to achieve a balanced and representative index construction. Guided by these findings, this thesis provides three recommendations for improving the statistical representation and conceptual coherence of ESRI. These include: (1) avoid aggregating a negatively correlated indicator – keep it aside, (2) remove a conceptually problematic indicator – revise its construction or conceptual contribution, and (3) aggregate three collinear and conceptually intersecting indicators into a sub-index, prior to aggregation – limit their overrepresentation. By revising the index according to these three recommendations, it is found that ESRI showcases a greater conceptual and statistical coherence. It can thus be concluded that the analytical framework, proposed in this thesis, can aid the development of representative indices.
Kompositindikatorer (eller index) är populära verktyg som ofta används vid rankning och benchmarking av olika alternativ utifrån komplexa koncept. Syftet med att konstruera ett index är, bland annat, att förenkla och sammanfatta informationen från ett flertal underliggande indikatorer. För att undvika missvisande resultat är det därmed viktigt att konstruera index på ett transparent och representativt sätt. Med detta i åtanke, avser denna uppsats att stödja konstruktionen av Electricity Supply Resilience Index (ESRI) – vilket är ett nyutvecklat energiindex, framtaget inom Future Resilient Systems (FRS) programmet på Singapore-ETH Centre (SEC). Detta görs genom att studera ett vanligt fenomen (s.k. implicita vikter) som gör sig gällande i ett av konstruktionsstegen, då de underliggande indikatorerna ska viktas och aggregeras till ett index. I detta steg tilldelas vanligtvis vikter till de enskilda indikatorerna som ska spegla deras relativa betydelse i indexet. Det har dock nyligen visats att datastrukturen och korrelationer mellan indikatorerna har en avgörande påverkan på varje indikators betydelse i indexet, vilket ibland kan vara helt oberoende av vikten de tilldelats. Detta fenomen kallas ibland för implicita vikter, då de ej är explicit tilldelade utan uppkommer från datastrukturen. Syftet med denna uppsatts är således att undersöka de implicita vikterna i aggregationen av ESRI. För detta ändamål sker en tillämpning och utökning av en nyutvecklad variansbaserad känslighetsanalys, baserad på olinjär regression, för bedömning av implicita vikter i kompositindikatorer. Resultaten från denna analys visar att statistiska beroenden mellan ESRIs underliggande indikatorer har direkt inverkan på varje indikators betydelse i indexet. Detta medför att vikterna ej överensstämmer med indikatorernas betydelse. Följaktligen utförs en vikt-optimering, för att balansera bidraget från varje indikator. Utifrån resultaten av denna vikt-optimering kan det konstateras att det inte är tänkbart att balansera bidraget från varje indikator genom att justera vikterna. Om så görs, skulle det ske på bekostnad av att kunna representera varje indikator på ett effektivt sätt. Därmed kan slutsatsen dras att det finns tydliga beroenden mellan indikatorer och att deras korrelationerna måste tas i hänsyn för att uppnå en balanserad och representativ indexkonstruktion. Utifrån dessa insikter presenteras tre rekommendationer för att förbättra den statistiska representationen och konceptuella samstämmigheten i ESRI. Dessa innefattar: (1) Undvik att aggregera en negativt korrelerad indikator - behåll den vid sidan av, (2) ta bort en konceptuellt problematisk indikator - revidera dess konstruktion eller konceptuella bidrag, och (3) sammanställ tre kollinära och konceptuellt överlappande indikatorer i ett sub-index, före aggregering - begränsa deras överrepresentation. När dessa rekommendationer implementerats står det klart att den reviderade ESRI påvisar en förbättrad konceptuell och statistisks samstämmighet. Därmed kan det fastställas att det analytiska verktyg som presenteras i denna uppsats kan bidra till utvecklingen av representativa index.

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Abichou, Bouthaïna. "Contribution à la formalition de bilans/états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0020/document.

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Dans cette thèse est défendu l'intérêt d'évaluer la santé d'un système/objet industriel multi-composants à travers un bilan de santé multi-niveaux hiérarchiques. Elle a donc pour objet principal de justifier les éléments essentiels du concept de bilan de santé générique qui représente l'état réel d'un système sous la forme d'un vecteur d'indicateurs de différentes natures. Vis-à-vis de ce fondement, la thèse se focalise plus spécifiquement sur les fonctions de détection des anomalies-normalisation et agrégation d'indicateurs pour élaborer un index synthétique représentatif de l'état de santé global pour chaque élément du système. Il est ainsi proposé, une nouvelle approche de détection conditionnelle des anomalies. Cette approche a pour intérêt de quantifier la déviation pour chaque indicateur par rapport à son mode de comportement nominal tout en prenant en compte le contexte dans lequel évolue le système. Une extension à l'exploitation de l'intégrale de Choquet en tant qu'opérateur d'agrégation des indicateurs est aussi proposée. Cette extension concerne, d'une part, un processus d'apprentissage non supervisé des capacités pour le niveau le plus inférieur dans l'abstraction, à savoir celui des composants, et d'autre part, une approche de mise en oeuvre de leur inférence d'un niveau à l'autre. Ces propositions sont appliquées sur un moteur diesel de navire, système essentiel du projet BMCI du pôle MER-PACA dans lequel s'inscrit cette thèse
This work is addressing the health assessment of a multi-component system by means of multi-levels health check-up. Thus scientific Ph. D. objective aims to establish items of a generic health check-up concept. It focuses specifically on the functions of anomaly detection, normalization and aggregation of different indicators to develop a synthetic index representing the overall health status for each element within the system. In that way, it is proposed a new approach for detecting conditional anomalies. This approach has the advantage of quantifying the deviation for each indicator compared to its nominal behavior while taking into account the context in which the system operates. An extension of the Choquet integral used as an operator aggregating indicators is also proposed. This extension regards on the one hand, a process of an unsupervised learning of the capacity coefficients for the lowest level of abstraction, namely components level, and on the other hand, an approach to inference them from one level to another. These contributions are implemented on a ship diesel engine which is the most critical system for the BMCI project of the MER-PACA pole to which this thesis is attached

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Cauvin-Hardy, Clémence. "Optimisation de la gestion du patrimoine culturel et historique à l’aide des méthodologies avancées d’inspection." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC057.

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La thèse porte sur l’optimisation de la gestion du patrimoine culturel et historique à l'aide des méthodologies avancées d'inspection tout en s’appuyant sur le projet HeritageCare.La réponse à cette problématique est posée en cinq chapitres : (1) un état de l’art des méthodologies de gestion préventive, du projet HeritageCare et de l’identification de l’état de dégradation, (2) la mise en place de la méthodologie générale de la gestion préventive décomposée en quatre étapes (l’anamnèse, le diagnostic, la thérapie et le contrôle), (3) la proposition de modèles d’agrégation (4), les résultats de l’application de la démarche de gestion préventive et enfin (5) ceux de l’application des modèles. Ces derniers permettent de hiérarchiser les bâtis sur la base de 37 critères organisés en sous critères et indicateurs, de mettre en évidence la prise de décision des propriétaires sur la base de matrice de criticité combinant les valeurs des indicateurs, de déterminer la durée de vie résiduelle des bâtis sur la base de courbes d’altérations, de proposer et de hiérarchiser des actions de maintenance en s’appuyant sur une base de données développée. La méthodologie est illustrée par son application à quatorze bâtis représentant le patrimoine culturel et historique français
The objective of the thesis is to optimize the management of cultural and historical building heritage using advanced inspection methodologies with HeritageCare project.The answer to this problem is detailed in five chapters: (1) a state of the art of preventive management methodologies, the HeritageCare project and the identification of the state of degradation, (2) the implementation of the general methodology on preventive management is decomposed into 4 steps (anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy and control), (3) proposal of aggregation models (4), results of the application of the management approach preventive and finally (5) the application of models. These make it possible to prioritize the buildings on the basis of 37 criteria organized into sub-criteria and indicators, highlight the decision-making of the owners on the basis of a criticality matrix combining the values of the indicators, determine the useful life of the buildings with the deterioration curves, propose and prioritize maintenance actions based on a developed database.The methodology is illustrated by its application on fourteen buildings representing the French cultural and historical heritage

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Книги з теми "Indicator aggregation"

Kaufmann, Daniel. Aggregating governance indicators. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth, 1999.

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Fund, International Monetary. Aggregation of economic indicators across countries: Exchange rate versus PPP based GDP weights. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1992.

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Kraay, Aart, Pablo Zoido-Lobaton, and Daniel Kaufmann. Aggregating Governance Indicators. The World Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2195.

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Fazekas, Mihály, Luciana Cingolani, and Bence Tóth. Innovations in Objectively Measuring Corruption in Public Procurement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817062.003.0007.

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While there is continued interest in measuring governance, disagreement on how best to do so has only grown over time. To provide pointers at innovative and rigorous indicator building, this chapter documents innovations in measuring a particularly challenging governance dimension: corruption in public procurement. In hopes of inspiring future research, the chapter critically reviews objective corruption proxies using administrative data on government purchases falling in four broad categories: tendering risk indicators, political connections indicators, supplier risk indicators, and contracting body risk indicators. The findings indicate that the best measurement instruments focus on the transaction level (micro level) while allowing for consistent aggregations for time series and cross-country comparisons. Such actionable indicators capture behaviour as directly as possible rather than remaining at the country level. They also retain the relational or transactional aspects of governance, revealing a much more dynamic picture than widely used population and expert surveys.

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Auvinen, Ari-Pekka, Gregor Levin, Anders Glimskär, Bo Normander, Gudmundur A. Gudmundsson, and Odd Stabbetorp. Aggregation of indicators for biological diversity in the Nordic countries. Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2006-554.

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Aggregation of Indicators for Biological Diversity in the Nordic (Termanord). Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006.

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Goertz, Gary. Concepts, Theories, and Numbers: A Checklist for Constructing, Evaluating, and Using Concepts or Quantitative Measures. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0005.

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This article presents guidance on how to think about the concepts. It proposes to explore some issues in the assessment of concepts and quantitative measures. It presents the basic problem in its general outlines. It then offers a very short example, typically using published research. The structuring and aggregating concepts and measures indicates that one must first consider the theory embodied in the concept. Then one should survey plausible aggregation and structural relationships that could be applied in a quantitative measure. It is noted that one needs to ask about the existence or not of zero points. The gray zone needs to be explored independently of the two extremes. Homogeneity is another aspect of comparing within and between various concepts and measures of the same phenomenon. This article generally highlights that it is the lack of integration of theory and methodology which proves problematic.

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1957-, Banaian King, and Roberts Bryan W, eds. The design and use of political economy indicators: Challenges of definition, aggregation, and application. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Bianconi, Ginestra. Communities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0008.

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Multilayer networks have a mesoscale structure organized in multilayer communities, spanning different layers and often revealing important functional properties of the network. In this chapter the major techniques proposed for detecting and characterizing the multilayer communities are described, including: generalized modularity, consensus clustering, multilayer infomaps, multilink communities, tensorial decomposition, Normalized Mutual Information, theta indicators. The main benefits and limitations of these approaches are discussed and revealed by analysing the results obtained on real datasets coming from sociology, technology, molecular biology and brain networks. Additionally, techniques for layer aggregation and disaggregation are here discussed. These methods are compared and commented in order to provide a general perspective on the subject.

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Maestas, Cherie. Expert Surveys as a Measurement Tool. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.13.

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Polling political elites, academics, or other types of knowledgeable experts has provided scholars with a trove of information about political institutions, processes, and local context. Expert surveys are an especially useful method for measuring concepts that would be difficult or impossible to measure through alternative strategies and permits scholars to create indicators that are comparable across diverse contextual settings. This chapter provides an overview of the key questions researchers face when using experts as a tool of measurement. It highlights considerations regarding survey design, questionnaire design, and aggregation procedures with an eye toward identifying ways to enhance the validity and reliability of expert-based measures. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of design transparency and systematic reporting of procedures and measures of uncertainty about scores derived from expert surveys.

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Частини книг з теми "Indicator aggregation"

Nance, Richard E., and James D. Arthur. "An Examination of Indicator Values and Their Aggregation." In Practitioner Series, 89–92. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0117-8_7.

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Luo, Cheng, Zhewei Jiang, Wen-Chi Hou, and Gultekin Ozsoyoglu. "Progressive Evaluation of XML Queries for Online Aggregation and Progress Indicator." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 382–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03573-9_33.

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del Río, M., H. Pretzsch, A. Bončina, A. Avdagić, K. Bielak, F. Binder, L. Coll, et al. "Assessment of Indicators for Climate Smart Management in Mountain Forests." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 59–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_3.

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AbstractThis chapter addresses the concepts and methods to assess quantitative indicators of Climate-Smart Forestry (CSF) at stand and management unit levels. First, the basic concepts for developing a framework for assessing CSF were reviewed. The suitable properties of indicators and methods for normalization, weighting, and aggregation were summarized. The proposed conceptual approach considers the CSF assessment as an adaptive learning process, which integrates scientific knowledge and participatory approaches. Then, climate smart indicators were applied on long-term experimental plots to assess CSF of spruce-fir-beech mixed mountain forest. Redundancy and trade-offs between indicators, as well as their sensitivity to management regimes, were analyzed with the aim of improving the practicability of indicators. At the management unit level, the roles of indicators in the different phases of forest management planning were reviewed. A set of 56 indicators were used to assess their importance for management planning in four European countries. The results indicated that the most relevant indicators differed from the set of Pan-European indicators of sustainable forest management. Finally, we discussed results obtained and future challenges, including the following: (i) how to strengthen indicator selections and CSF assessment at stand level, (ii) the potential integration of CSF indicators into silvicultural guidelines, and (iii) the main challenges for integrating indicators into climate-smart forest planning.

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Frost, Thomas M., Stephen R. Carpenter, and Timothy K. Kratz. "Choosing Ecological Indicators: Effects of Taxonomic Aggregation on Sensitivity to Stress and Natural Variability." In Ecological Indicators, 215–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4659-7_15.

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Belles-Sampera, Jaume, José M. Merigó, and Miguel Santolino. "Some New Definitions of Indicators for the Choquet Integral." In Aggregation Functions in Theory and in Practise, 467–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39165-1_44.

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Ferreira, Alexandre Mello, Barbara Pernici, and Pierluigi Plebani. "Green Performance Indicators Aggregation through Composed Weighting System." In ICT as Key Technology against Global Warming, 79–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32606-6_7.

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Fattore, Marco. "Synthesis of Indicators: The Non-aggregative Approach." In Complexity in Society: From Indicators Construction to their Synthesis, 193–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60595-1_8.

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Mazziotta, Matteo, and Adriano Pareto. "Non-compensatory Aggregation of Social Indicators: An Icon Representation." In Statistical Methods and Applications from a Historical Perspective, 383–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05552-7_33.

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Peska, Ladislav, and Peter Vojtas. "Modelling User Preferences from Implicit Preference Indicators via Compensational Aggregations." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 138–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10491-1_14.

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Rabenoro, Tsirizo, Jérôme Lacaille, Marie Cottrell, and Fabrice Rossi. "A Methodology for the Diagnostic of Aircraft Engine Based on Indicators Aggregation." In Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects, 144–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08976-8_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Indicator aggregation"

Zhang, Yixin, Xinsheng Wang, Shanmin Pang, Jiakun Zhao, and Xiuxiu Bai. "Combining Self-Aggregation Vector and Indicator Matrix for Improved Object Retrieval." In 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac48633.2019.8997093.

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Jiao, Chengwu, Jian Liu, Feng Li, and Shoufeng Lu. "A highway infrastructure traffic safety performance evaluation method based on accident aggregation indicator." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icves.2011.5983786.

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Xiao, Mingyu, and Yuqing Wang. "Score Aggregation via Spectral Method." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/64.

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The score aggregation problem is to find an aggregate scoring over all candidates given individual scores provided by different agents. This is a fundamental problem with a broad range of applications in social choice and many other areas. The simple and commonly used method is to sum up all scores of each candidate, which is called the sum-up method. In this paper, we give good algebraic and geometric explanations for score aggregation, and develop a spectral method for it. If we view the original scores as `noise data', our method can find an `optimal' aggregate scoring by minimizing the `noise information'. We also suggest a signal-to-noise indicator to evaluate the validity of the aggregation or the consistency of the agents.

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Evstigneev, Vladyslav, Iirina Serikova, Yuriy Tokarev, and Vyacheslav Suslin. "Bioluminescence field of the Black Sea as indicator of Dinophyta aggregation, its seasonal and interannual dynamics." In XXIII International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2287964.

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Watts, I. S., R. J. Keery, and P. Lumlev. "EFFECT OF EXTRACELLULAR Ca2+ UPON AGONIST-INDUCED Ca2+ TRANSIENTS IN HUMAN PLATELETS: COMPARISON OF QUIN 2 AND FURA 2." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644525.

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In human platelets loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Quin 2 (Q2), elevated cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) induced by platelet agonists is greatly attenuated in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o), suggesting the majority of [Ca2+]i is derived via transmembrane influx. However, the relatively weak fluorescent properties of Q2 require that high intraplatelet concentrations be used which may influence [Ca2+]i homeostasis and platelet function. This is less of a problem with the more intensely fluorescent Ca2+-indicator Fura 2 (F2). We have compared the rise in [Ca2+]i and aggregation induced by a range of agonists at different [Ca2+]o concentrations, in Q2-and F2-loaded platelets. Platelets in citrated PRP were loaded with the acetoxymethyl esters of Q2 (20 μM) or F2 (4 μM) (30 min at 37°C) and then gel-filtered using a low Ca2+ (≃50 μM) buffer (Ca2+L). Platelet count was 1.5×l08 ml-1. Fluorescence was measured at Ex 339 Em 500 nM in aliquots of platelet suspension at 37°C. Aggregation was determined at 37°C by turbidometric and platelet counting techniques. In Q2- and F2-loaded platelets in 1 mM [Ca2+]o, ADP (0.1 to 10 μM), U46619 (0.01 to 1 μM), PAF (0.001 to 1 μM) and thrombin (0.001 to 0.3 Uml-1) caused concentration-related increases in [Ca2+]i and aggregation. In Q2-loaded platelets, the rise in [Ca2+]i to thrombin, ADP, U46619 and PAF was reduced > 90% in both Ca2+L medium and in the absence of [Ca2+]o (4 mM EGTA). In contrast, in F2-loaded platelets, attenuation of the rise in [Ca2+]i to each agonist in Ca2+L and EGTA was much less than in Q2-loaded platelets (e.g. with U46619 (1 μM) only 20% and 40% reduction in Ca2+L and EGTA respectively). With Q2, aggregation was abolished in the presence of EGTA and markedly inhibited in the Ca2+L medium. In contrast with F2 whilst the presence of EGTA abolished aggregation, no inhibition was seen in the Ca2+L medium. In conclusion, agonist stimulation of platelets is associated with an influx of Ca2+, which is greater in Q2- than F2-loaded platelets. In low [Ca2+]o Q2 renders platelets more reliant on Ca2+ influx for aggregation to occur than does F2. Caution should therefore be exercised when correlating [Ca2+]i with aggregation in Q2-loaded platelets.

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Kingston, P. R., K. R. Bruckdorfer, and R. A. Hutton. "AGONIST INDUCED CALCIUM MOBILISATION IN PLATELETS OF PATIENTS WITH "ASPIRIN-LIKE" DEFECTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644570.

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A group of patients have been described with a condition often referred to as an'Aspirin-like" defect, which is characterised by easy bruising and prolonged bleeding following dental extraction or surgery. Initial studies eliminated a deficiency in coagulation factors, plasma factors, platelet glycoproteins or platelet storage granules as being the cause of this condition and demonstrated a diminished aggregatory and/or secretory response in platelet-rich-plasma to ADP and collagen. Aggregation responses in isolated platelets to thrombin, arachidonic acid and ionomycin are within the normal range, however the response to AD? is dimished. Recent studies have concentrated on the various mechanisms involved in platelet aggregation amongst which is the change in intracellular calcium concentration with accompanied secretion.Using the fluorescent indicator quin2 we have monitored the intracellular calcium changes induced by various agonists in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium in five patients with an "Aspirin-like" defect. In the presence of ImM extracellular calcium, thrombin and ionomycin caused a rapid elevation in intracellular calcium to greater than 1μM within 30 seconds of stimulation. In the absence of extracellular calcium, thrombin and ionomycin caused rises in intracellular calcium of 200nM and 300nM respectively. All the responses observed were within the normal range and indicate that both influx of extracellular calcium and mobilisation of calcium from internal stores has occurred. Therefore the defect that causes this "Aspirin-like" condition is not commonly associated with a defect in calcium mobilisation.

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Lages, B., and H. J. Weiss. "TIME DEPENDENCE OF AEQUORIN-INDICATED CALCIUM SIGNALS IN STIMULATED AND UNSTIMULATED PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644530.

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The photoprotein aequorin (aeq) has been used as an indicator of intracellular calcium levels ([Ca]i) in platelets (pits). Aeq is believed to monitor aspects of [Ca]i somewhat different from those reported by quin-2, since it reports a higher basal [Ca]i than quin-2 and the presence, rather than the absence, of increased [Ca]i following epinephrine (epi) stimulation. To characterize further aeq-indicated pit Ca signals we measured their time dependence in both stimulated and untimulated pits. Aeq was loaded into pits by membrane permeabilization and resealing at 0°C. The maximum aeq signal (Lmax), obtained by Triton X-100 lysis of pits in the presence of 1 mM Ca, decreased over 40-60 min in a non-linear manner to about 60% of its initial value. Basal [Ca]i also decreased in a similar manner, even after correction for the changes in Lmax. The decreases in both responses were greater in pits isolated in the presence of 1 mM Ca than in the absence of Ca, indicating a sensitivity to external Ca. Epi (1-50 uM) induced an aeq signal in pits of most, but not all, subjects initially, but this response disappeared completely over 40-60 min in most subjects, without a concomitant loss of aggregation response. In contrast, the endoperoxide analog U44069 (10 uM) induced aeq signals in pits from all subjects, which decreased only slightly with time. These results suggest 1) that a portion of pit aeq may be localized in a region of high [Ca]i which may be partially accessible to external Ca, and this may account, in part, for the higher basal [Ca]i reported by aeq than by quin-2; and 2) that the epi-induced aeq signal, which is not prerequisite for aggregation, may be derived primarily from this labile aeq pool since the time courses for the decay of Lmax and basal [Ca]i and the loss of the epi-induced aeq signal are similar.

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Rabenoro, Tsirizo, Jerome Lacaille, Marie Cottrell, and Fabrice Rossi. "Anomaly detection based on indicators aggregation." In 2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889841.

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Perger, Cs, and A. von Felten. "IS IT POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY HUMAN PLATELETS IN VITRO AS BEING DESENSITIZED TO PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR (PAF-ACETHER,PAF) IN VIVO?" In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643484.

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PAF is suggested to be of pathophysiological importance in a variety of diseases. Since platelets exhibit a reduced sensitivity to PAF after a contact with this agent, this behavior may be used as indicator of PAF released into the circulation. In extrinsic asthma, platelets show a diminished reaction to PAF after exposition of the patients to the antigen compared to their own platelets before exposition (Beer and von Felten, Adv. Inflamm. Res. 10:323,1986). We were therefore looking for a test system indicating directly whether platelets had been in contact with PAF.Preparation of PAF-desensitized platelets: Citrated PRP was placed in a cuvette of an aggregometer, and PAF was added in 10 portions at intervals of 10 sec (37oc, constant stirring) to a final concentration of 10 to 100 nM, depending on the individual sensitivity of each platelet preparation. Therby, only a minimal, completely reversible aggregation was registered without any release of serotonin (ST) or 3-thromboglobulin (BTG). Control platelets were pretreated with buffer instead of PAF. Both platelets preparations were kept at 37°C for 45 min. Whereas control platelets showed a secondary aggregation to PAF (5x conc. used for desensitization), PAF-pretreated piatelets were only reversibly aggregated.Sensitivity of PAF-desensitized and control platelets to other platelet agonists: No difference in aggregation, ST-or BTG-relea-se was observed after stimulation with several concentrations of ADP, collagen and arachidonate (p>0.05,n= 41).Binding of 3H-PAF to platelets: PAF-desensitized and control platelets were separated from plasma by filtration through sepharose CL-2B (Pharmacia) in hepes-buffered Tyrode’s solution. After incubation with 3H-PAF, platelets were washed on Whatman 934-AH filters (vacuum filtration). On desensitized and control platelets, we found 175±48 (mean±sd) and 231±70 3H-PAF molecules / platelet respectively after incubation with 5 nM ^h-PAF, 399±36 and 504±66 ^H-PAF molecules / platelet after incubation with 20 nM. In spite of a statistically significant reduction of PAF-binding after desensitization (p<0.01),the variability of PAF-binding between platelets of different individuals is too high to allow a discrimination of normal from PAF-desensitized platelets.

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Rizzolo, Ludovic, Bouthaina Abichou, Alexandre Voisin, and Naim Kosayyer. "Aggregation of Health Assessment Indicators of Industrial Systems." In 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eusflat.2011.32.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Indicator aggregation"

Kryzhanivs'kyi, Evstakhii, Liliana Horal, Iryna Perevozova, Vira Shyiko, Nataliia Mykytiuk, and Maria Berlous. Fuzzy cluster analysis of indicators for assessing the potential of recreational forest use. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4470.

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Cluster analysis of the efficiency of the recreational forest use of the region by separate components of the recreational forest use potential is provided in the article. The main stages of the cluster analysis of the recreational forest use level based on the predetermined components were determined. Among the agglomerative methods of cluster analysis, intended for grouping and combining the objects of study, it is common to distinguish the three most common types: the hierarchical method or the method of tree clustering; the K-means Clustering Method and the two-step aggregation method. For the correct selection of clusters, a comparative analysis of several methods was performed: arithmetic mean ranks, hierarchical methods followed by dendrogram construction, K- means method, which refers to reference methods, in which the number of groups is specified by the user. The cluster analysis of forestries by twenty analytical grounds was not proved by analysis of variance, so the re-clustering of certain objects was carried out according to the nine most significant analytical features. As a result, the forestry was clustered into four clusters. The conducted cluster analysis with the use of different methods allows us to state that their combination helps to select reasonable groupings, clearly illustrate the clustering procedure and rank the obtained forestry clusters.

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Benages, Eva, and Matilde Mas. Knowledge-Based Capital in a Set of Latin American Countries: The LA KLEMS-IADB Project. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003202.

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This paper presents the framework and methodology for the economic valuation of the knowledge-based economy in five Latin American (LA) countries, namely Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru and the Dominican Republic, for which a new database (IDB-Ivie, 2020) has recently been released. It uses an alternative approach to measuring the knowledge intensity of economies as to those based on the aggregation of industries according to selected indicators such as research and development (R&D) expenditure or labor force skills. Instead, we follow an economic approach rooted in the growth accounting methodology, determining the contribution of each individual factor of production (capital and labor) according to the prices of the services it provides. This methodology will be applied to the above-mentioned LA countries, and to the United States and Spain, which are used as benchmarks. Data are available for the period 1995-2016.

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Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir, and Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.

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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.

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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).

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