Дисертації з теми "Indian materialism"
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1
Gurung, Anzuna. "Indian materialism : a critical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1277.
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Updike, Ann Sutton. "Materiality Matters: Constructing a Rhetorical Biography of Plains Indian Pictography." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1416670234.
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Payne, Kenneth L. "Financing instructional materials in Indiana public school corporations." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/505144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study was to analyze current procedures utilized for financing textbooks and related instructional materials by Indiana public school corporations and public school corporations in selected states. Respective practices were examined in order to determine feasible methods/alternatives for Indiana school corporations to use in overcoming the contemporary financial and administrative dilemma which existed in the 1985-86 school year.A descriptive questionnaire was developed from a review of literature and with the assistance of colleagues. Data obtained by the instrument were analyzed using frequency tabulations and percentages. Based on information gained from the study and data collected in superintendents in Indiana, solutions to financing instructional materials for Indiana school corporations were determined.Data collected supported the following conclusions: 1. Public school corporations in Indiana charge fees for textbooks and related instructional materials and are experiencing difficulties in collecting textbook rental and related fees from parents or guardians of school children.2. The use of small claims court for recovering fees is not an effective method for most public school corporations in Indiana.3. Township trustees and/or county councils should pay for textbooks and instructional materials of students whose parents or guardians are declared by the courts to be indigent.4. The current formula for determining textbook rental rates is satisfactory.5. Legislation should be adopted to permit public school corporations to increase revenue in order to finance textbooks and related instructional materials.6. To be in concert with other states in the United States and more specifically within the Great Lakes Region, public school students should be supplied textbooks and related instructional materials without charge.7. The location and size of school corporations have implications to problems existing in public school corporations when administering textbook rental programs.8. Lack of additional finance has restricted public school corporations in implementing new programs to be funded by the general fund budget.9. Based on the average rankings of ten regions, public school corporations in Regions I, II, and VI encountered the greatest difficulty in financing textbooks and related instructional materials. Public school corporations have the least problems in supplying textbooks to school students.10. Based on the average rankings of six enrollment groups, public school corporations in the smallest three groups had the greatest success in financing textbooks and related instructional materials for students.11. Additional costs for school corporations are incurred when interest is paid to publishers for overdue accounts or for installment payment programs.12. School corporations with deficit balances or significantly decreasing balances in textbook rental accounts are in. need of assistance in collecting outstanding fees from constituents and/or means of generating sufficient revenue to account for required textbooks and related instructional materials for students.
4
Keeler, Kyle B. KEELER. ""The earth is a tomb and man a fleeting vapour": The Roots of Climate Change in Early American Literature." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent152327594367199.
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Gamberi, Valentina. "Deconstructing materiality : a phenomenological ethnography of Darśan and Indian story-telling scrolls in Western museums." Thesis, University of Chester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/607250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates Western curatorial practices towards the darśan, the visual contact established between the Hindu worshipper and the deity who is believed to give life to its material representation, expressed by two sets of Indian storytelling scrolls, the Bengali pats and the Rajasthani paṛs. Whilst the scrolls, especially the Rajasthani ones, are believed to be the temples and the icons of the deity depicted, Western curators appreciate them either as examples of ethnographic theories, or as pure art works. On the one hand, materiality is thus animistically empowered (see Faure, 1998), and, consequently, is treated as an anthropomorphic entity or fetish. On the other hand, materiality is considered as a reified idea, an objectification of a social structure, or of an ideal of beauty. Latour (2010) calls this phenomenon of reification a factish concept, which is revered in a semi-spiritual or post-secular way. Modernity, according to Latour, is characterised by this opposition between self-evident, abstract and intellectual notions –e.g. the categories of the sacred and of the profane –and the concrete and irrational reality. The differentiation between reality and ideas recalls the broader boundary between the human and the nonhuman. According to Merleau-Ponty (2003 [c. 1956]), materiality coincides with nature, one of the fundamental criteria of the categorisation of human/nonhuman. While human characteristics are highly rational, materiality, along with animality, is confined within the irrational realm and is considered as a passive actor, except for Gell’s (1998) theorisation of material agency. However, his conceptualisation depends upon an anthropomorphisation of the artefact by invoking the particular example of children’s play with toys. The present thesis explores the contribution of phenomenology, as the study of embodiments and incarnations, in problematising the role of materiality in its relationships with humans, and so the boundaries between the human and the nonhuman. On the one hand, the study employs phenomenology as a methodological tool, according to which the researcher’s body reveals a particular and intersubjective appraisal of materiality. On the other hand, phenomenology, corroborated by posthumanist studies, is the theoretical approach by which the duality object/subject is problematised. By this logic, phenomenology challenges the ontological idea of the I or human as separated from the Other or the nonhuman, by replacing it with a hybridism and a fusion between the perceiving and the perceived. Fieldwork data problematises this anthropomorphisation of materiality. In fact, visitors’ responses escape from the curators’ control and reveal how museum artefacts possess an agency independent from any human projection. In addition, data emphasises the irreconciliability between epistemic categories and the empiric reality. For instance, the Durkheimian notions of the sacred and of the profane become inapt to describe the phenomenon of the recreation of religious contexts and places, such as temples and altars.
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Ali, Zainab Faruqui. "Environmental performance of the buildings designed by the modern masters in the tropics : architecture of Le Corbusier and Louis I. Kahn in India and Bangladesh." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340710.
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Zachau, Walker Miriam E. (Miriam Elizabeth). "Modeling environmental impact of unfired bricks in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80906.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-32).
Brick manufacturing requires a considerable amount of energy and land, but these numbers have been difficult to quantify in rural parts of the developing world. The environmental impact of unfired bricks in India is investigated through modeling the effects of materials composition and processing on energy consumption, carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and land surface area use. The analysis uses a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment to quantitatively estimate these impacts. The depth of soil extraction has a significantly affects the land use required for bricks; changing this depth in practice or through regulation has the potential to reduce environmental impact without affecting brick performance. The impact of unfired bricks depends greatly on composition, in particular the amount and type of stabilizer and the incorporation of fly ash. While stabilizers increase the environmental burden, the performance gain is potentially worth these effects when compared to energy intensive fired bricks. Future work could expand the model to quantify the relevant cost and performance tradeoffs with environmental impact.
by Miriam E. Zachau Walker.
S.B.
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Schuchman, Nina Shayne. "Environmental and economic tradeoffs in building materials production in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-91).
The current and projected growth of India's economy and population will continue to lead to increased demand for buildings and infrastructure, and there is a real need to consider what this increase means in terms of natural resource depletion, air pollution, contributions to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions during production and transport, and energy demands to be placed on an already strained energy network. Fired-clay bricks are the most commonly used building material in India, but recently, masonry units that don't require firing (stabilized bricks) have penetrated the market. There has been an exploration of the amalgamation of traditional earthen building materials combined with chemical binders. While these masonry materials are often considered superior in terms of environmental impact due to their lack of firing in visceral, black smoke-producing kilns, as well as their typically local (even on-site) production, there has been limited research into their actual environmental footprint. This thesis establishes models for robust analysis, and analyzes the environmental and cost tradeoffs associated with various building materials' choices to evaluate the hypothesis that the optimal materials choice is heavily dependent on the local soil composition and industrial ecosystem. That is, there is likely not one answer to the question of which is better: traditional fired clay bricks (red bricks) or alternative, cementitious materials, and instead, decision making must be assisted by analysis of the overall environmental impact of the upstream production and transportation of each material. Because of the variety of conditions throughout India, there is a need for this sort of tool to perform these analyses to determine the conditions under which different building materials have better environmental and/or economic outcomes. The analyses performed in this thesis conclude that there is the potential for alternative materials to break into the market, particularly in areas where red bricks are not produced on an industrial scale.
by Nina Shayne Schuchman.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
9
Kawamura, Hiroaki. "Symbolism and materialism in the ecological analysis of hunting, fishing, and gathering practices among the contemporary Nez Perce Indians." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3059275.
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O'Donnell, Molly K. "Application of Darwinian evolutionary theory into the exhibit paradigm : implementing a materialist perspective in museum exhibits about Native Americans /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074434.
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Mantri, Srinivas Aditya. "A Quasicrystalline Alloy of Bronze." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378195830.
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Norris, Katherine Lucy. "The life-cycle of clothing : recycling and the efficacy of materiality in contemporary urban India." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404992.
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Boivin, Nicole Lise. "'Archaeological science as anthropology' : time, space and materiality in rural India and the ancient past." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620176.
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Clark, Imogen Rose. "Is home where the heart is? : landscape, materiality and aesthetics in Tibetan exile." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:78eb4180-b461-411b-be60-6fbdbdc66f6f.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2000, Tim Ingold argued: 'people do not import their ideas, plans or mental representations into the world, since that very world ... is the homeland of their thoughts. Only because they already dwell therein can they think the thoughts they do' (2000: 186). He thus stressed the importance of place in the construction and reproduction of culture. How does this play out, however, among refugees who by virtue of their displacement must 'import' cultural concepts into alien environments? For those outside a 'homeland' how do they make sense of the world? In this thesis I examine the relationship between Tibetan refugees, the landscapes of their exile and their wider material environment. Drawing on theory in material anthropology and thirteen months' ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two contrasting Tibetan refugee settlements in northwest India, I analyse how Tibetan refugees are affected by, and in turn exert agency over their material world. Through this discussion, I reflect on the multiple and mutable meanings of home for Tibetan refugees, many of whom were born and/or raised in India. Few scholarly discussions of home encompass both its affective and imaginary dimensions; this thesis achieves this by focusing on the material and aesthetic aspects of home. Through this lens, I explore how refugees both work hard to develop a sense of home in exile, yet simultaneously destabilise this by orienting themselves towards an imagined home in a future 'free Tibet'. The discussion unfolds thematically, through chapters focusing on several material categories: landscape, the built environment, dress and objects. I develop my analysis via existing theoretical literature in material anthropology and its sub-disciplines, transnational and migration studies, and area-specialist literature in Tibetology.
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Molnar, Katherine J. "Early nineteenth century construction techniques along Indiana's eastern National Road (1830-1850)." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366295.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis argues that early nineteenth-century domestic architecture along Indiana's eastern National Road (Wayne, Henry and Hancock Counties) was a product of the available local materials, not a product of cultural influences traveling along the Road. While the first chapter drives in this point, the second and third chapters describe the local materials (builders and carpenters, wood, saw-mills, clay, brickmaking and limestone), and explain construction techniques in a series of case study buildings. The thesis concludes by not only confirming the proposition, but also by making a few conclusions regarding early nineteenth-century construction methods.Department of Architecture
16
Soares, Regina CÃlia Silva. "Proposal for a manual of practical chemistry using everyday materials to different school for elementary and middle school Indians Tapebas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chemistry is a natural science that encompasses two important aspects: theory and practice. The theoretical aspect is the moment at which the contents are discussed through an explanatory way; in practice, otherwise, these contents are developed experimentally. Considering this fact and the research developed to the elaboration of this work in an Indian
school, it was noticed that the contents of the Chemistry subject in this very school were only theoretically taught, without the conduction of practical classes. For this reason, nowadays, students belonging to the Differentiated Indians Tapebas Elementary and High School, felt unhappy because they were not covered with practical lessons. About a study developed in the mentioned school, a research was conducted in which, through questionnaires, the main grievances of the students were verified. One of them is the lack of a science or chemistry lab in the Indian school. Therefore, it was verified that both teachers and students from the 1st,
2nd, 3rd years of the Indian Tapebas high school needed practical lessons, even if these were developed inside the classroom. This way, the idea of creating a practical manual focusing on the high school chemistry contents came up. This manual was developed through the
description of the practical activities of this research with various materials used in the Indian School studentsâ routine. For these experimental practices, some natural and artificial materials were used, and most of them were available in the observed school. This manual is composed of 15 practices, whose aims are to improve the quality of the teaching and the learning in the theoretical classes of chemistry, through their complementation by practical lessons adequate and destined to schools that do not have a laboratory.A QuÃmica à uma ciÃncia da natureza que abrange dois aspectos importantes: a teoria e a prÃtica. O aspecto teÃrico à o momento em que os conteÃdos sÃo discutidos de maneira explicativa; jà na prÃtica, tais conteÃdos sÃo desenvolvidos experimentalmente. Considerando este fato e as pesquisas realizadas para a confecÃÃo deste trabalho em uma escola indÃgena, notou-se que os conteÃdos da disciplina de QuÃmica desta escola estavam sendo ministrados apenas teoricamente, sem a realizaÃÃo de aulas prÃticas. Por essa razÃo, atualmente, os alunos pertencentes ao Ensino MÃdio da Escola Diferenciada de Ensino Fundamental e MÃdio Ãndios Tapebas se sentiam insatisfeitos por nÃo serem contemplados com aulas prÃticas. Sobre um estudo feito na referida escola, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo na qual foram verificadas, por meio de questionÃrios, as principais insatisfaÃÃes dos alunos. Uma delas à a falta de um LaboratÃrio de CiÃncias ou de QuÃmica para a Escola IndÃgena. Portanto, verificou-se que tanto os professores como os alunos dos 1Â, 2 e 3 anos do Ensino MÃdio desta escola necessitavam de aulas prÃticas, mesmo que estas fossem improvisadas em sala. Foi entÃo que surgiu a ideia de se construir um Manual de prÃticas elaboradas a partir dos conteÃdos de QuÃmica do ensino mÃdio. Esse Manual foi construÃdo atravÃs da descriÃÃo de atividades realizadas com diversos materiais utilizados no cotidiano dos alunos da Escola IndÃgena. Para essas prÃticas experimentais foram utilizados alguns materiais naturais e artificiais, e a maior parte deles estava disponÃvel na escola pesquisada. Esse manual à composto de 15 prÃticas, e tem o objetivo de contribuir para melhorar a qualidade do ensino e da aprendizagem nas aulas teÃricas de QuÃmica, atravÃs de sua complementaÃÃo por meio de aulas prÃticas adequadas e destinadas Ãs escolas que nÃo possuem laboratÃrio.
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Arakawa, Fumiyasu. "Lithic raw material procurement and the social landscape in the Central Mesa Verde Region, A.D. 600-1300." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/f_arakawa_121206.pdf.
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Tenney, Charles M. "Impedance-based Nondestructive Evaluation for Additive Manufacturing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99966.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impedance-based Non-Destructive Evaluation for Additive Manufacturing (INDEAM) is rooted in the field of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). INDEAM generalizes the structure-to-itself comparisons characteristic of the SHM process through introduction of inter-part comparisons: instead of comparing a structure to itself over time, potentially-damaged structures are compared to known-healthy reference structures.
The purpose of INDEAM is to provide an alternative to conventional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for additively manufactured (AM) parts. In essence, the geometrical complexity characteristic of AM processes combined with a phase-change of the feedstock during fabrication complicate the application of conventional NDE techniques by limiting direct access for measurement probes to surfaces and permitting the introduction of internal defects that are not present in the feedstock, respectively. NDE approaches that are capable of surmounting these challenges are typically highly expensive.
In the first portion of this work, the procedure for impedance-based NDE is examined in the context of INDEAM. In consideration of the additional variability inherent in inter-part comparisons - as opposed to part-to-itself comparisons - the metrics used to quantify damage or change to a structure are evaluated. Novel methods of assessing damage through impedance-based evaluation are proposed and compared to existing techniques. In the second portion of this work, the INDEAM process is applied to a wide variety of test objects. This portion considers how the sensitivity of the INDEAM process is affected by defect type, defect size, defect location, part material, and excitation frequency. Additionally, a procedure for studying the variance introduced during the process of instrumenting a structure is presented and demonstrated.Doctor of Philosophy
Impedance-based Non-Destructive Evaluation for Additive Manufacturing (INDEAM) is a quality control approach for detecting defects in structures. As indicated by the name, impedance-based evaluation is discussed in this work in the context of qualifying additively manufactured (3D printed) structures. INDEAM fills a niche in the wider world of nondestructive evaluation techniques by providing a less expensive means to qualify structures with complex geometry. Complex geometry complicates inspection by preventing direct, physical access to all the surfaces of a part. Inspection approaches for parts with complex geometry suffuse a structure with energy and measure how the energy propagates through the structure. A prominent technique in this space is CT scanning, which measures how a structure attentuates x-rays passing through it. INDEAM uses piezoelectric materials to both vibrate a structure and measure its response, not unlike listening for the dull tone of a cracked bell. By applying voltage across a piezoelectric patch glued to a structure, the piezoelectric deforms itself and the bonded structure. By monitoring the electrical current needed to produce that voltage, the ratio of applied voltage to current draw---impedance---can be calculated, which can be thought of as a measure of how a system stores and dissipates energy. When the applied voltage oscillates near a resonant frequency of a structure (the pitch of a rung bell, for example) the structure vibrates much more intensely, and that additional movement dissipates more energy due to viscosity, friction, and transmitting sound into the air. This phenomenon is reflected in the measured impedance, so by calculating the impedance value over a large range of frequencies, it is possible to identify many resonances of the structure. So, the impedance value is tied to the vibrational properties of the structure, and the vibration of the structure is tied to its geometry and material properties. One application of this relationship is called impedance-based structural health monitoring: taking measurements of a structure when it is first built as a reference, then measuring it again later to watch for changes that indicate emerging damage. In this work, the reference measurement is established by measuring a group of control structures that are known to be free of defects. Then, every time a new part is fabricated, its impedance measurements will be compared to the reference. If it matches closely enough, it is assumed good. In both cases, impedance values don't indicate what the change is, just that there was a change. A large portion of this work is devoted to determining the types and sizes of defects that can be reliably detected through INDEAM, what effect the part material plays, and how and where the piezoelectric should be mounted to the part. The remainder of this work discusses new methods for conducting impedance-based evaluation. In particular, overcoming the extra uncertainty introduced by moving from part-to-itself structural health monitoring comparisons to the part-to-part quality control comparisons discussed in this work. A new method for mathematically comparing impedance values is introduced which involves extracting the resonant properties of the structure rather than using statistical tools on the raw impedance values. Additionally, a new method for assessing the influence of piezoelectric mounting conditions on the measured impedance values is demonstrated.
19
Remmes, Nicholas B. "Design of the Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument at the Indiana University Low Energy Neutron Source : applications to the study of nanostructured materials /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2007.Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 30, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1064. Adviser: David V. Baxter.
20
Cocoual, Mathilde. "Aux sources des parfums : Industrialisation et approvisionnement de la parfumerie grassoise (milieu XIXe – milieu XXe siècle)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2045/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Au cours du XIXe siècle, l’industrialisation de la parfumerie mondiale, et plus particulièrementfrançaise et grassoise, a pour conséquence d’augmenter les besoins en matières premières naturellesmalgré l’invention et la place de plus en plus marquée des molécules de synthèse dans lescompositions parfumées comme aromatiques. Afin de s’approvisionner en plantes à parfum,aromatiques et médicinales (ppam), de nombreux entrepreneurs français et grassois multiplient lesrelations commerciales avec des pays étrangers, comme l’Italie et la Bulgarie. Dans le même temps,l’implantation croissante des parfumeurs en Afrique, en Asie, en Amérique et dans l’Océanie répondà des stratégies diversifiées en fonction des colonies mobilisées : au Maghreb, ils étendent la culturedes ppam méditerranéennes ; en Indochine et en Guyane, ils s’approvisionnent en matières premièresspécifiques comme la badiane ou le bois de rose ; tandis que l’Afrique et l’Océanie font office delaboratoire pour de multiples acclimatations d’espèces méditerranéennes mais surtout tropicales,comme la vanille ou l’ylang-ylang. Parmi ces « colonies laboratoires », les îles de l’Océan Indien,pour lesquelles l’ylang-ylang, le géranium, le giroflier ou la vanille étaient, jusqu’au XIXe siècle,totalement inconnues, deviennent, sous l’impulsion des parfumeurs français et grassois, un desprincipaux centres de production mondiaux. L’objectif de cette thèse est de revenir sur cettetrajectoire singulière, de l’essor des premières fabriques en France jusqu’à la création d’un réseaumondial d’approvisionnement et de questionner les liens et les relations entre les différentes zonesproductrices et la métropoleDuring the XIXth century, the beggining of industrialisation of perfumery in the world. Specifically inFrance and in Grasse. Resulted in an augmentation in raw materials in spite of the invention and theincrease of the synthetic molecules in the perfume and aromatic composition. In order to supply itselfin raw materials, many French and Grasse society organise trade relations with foreign countries, likeItaly and Bulgaria. In the same time, the increasing establishment of the perfumers in Africa, Asia,America and Oceania, corresponds in diversified strategies according to the mobilized colonies : inthe Maghreb, they extend the culture of mediterranean raw materials ; in Indo-China and Guyana,they are supplied out of specific raw materials like the star anise or the rose wood ; while Africa andOceania, they serve as a laboratory for multiple acclimatizations of mediterranean raw material andalso tropical species, like vanilla or ylang-ylang. Among these « colonial laboratories », the islandsof the Indian Ocean, for which ylang-ylang, geranium, clove or vanilla, were, until the XIXth century,completely unknown. They became one of the principal world production centers of raw materialsunder the influence of the French and Grasse perfumers. The objective of this thesis is to considerthis singular trajectory, since the rise of the first factories in France until the creation of a worldnetwork of supply. It also questions the links and the relations between the various producing zonesand the Grasse perfumery
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Bashar, Shabbir Ahsanul. "Study of transparent indium tin oxide for novel optoelectronic devices." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/study-of-transparent-indium-tin-oxide-for-novel-optoelectronic-devices(280e6da3-8da2-4680-9059-242b229ae1b7).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) films were deposited on a number of semi-conductor materials using reactive r. f sputtering technique to form both rectifying Schottky and ohmic contacts. These contacts were applied in the fabrication of a number of novel optoelectronic devices: Schottky photo-diodes, transparent gate High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs), heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) being used as heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs), light emitting diodes (LEDs) and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). A number ofthese novel devices were studied in comparatively greater detail; these were the Schottky diode and the HPT. Deposition conditions necessary to produce ITO films with high conductivity and optical transparency over a wide spectral range were studied and optimised. Separate post deposition techniques were developed to produce near ideal rectifying contacts and ohmic contacts with low contact resistance respectively. A thin film of indium (In) was also used to optimise ITO ohmic contacts to n + - GaAs substrates. Near ideal Schottky diodes were realised on n-GaAs substrates using aluminium (AI) and gold (Au) metal contacts. A simulation model was then developed and implemented to study the behaviour of current transport mechanisms over a wide temperature range. Photodiodes with ITO as the Schottky metal contact were fabricated and a study comprising of both their electrical and optical behaviour was undertaken. Relatively large geometry HBTs and HPTs were fabricated using AIGaAs/GaAs, InGaP/GaAs and InPlInGaAs systems respectively; the latter devices were first reported as a result of this study. A comparative study between devices fabricated from these systems were then made. This was followed by an appraisal of the electrical properties of each of their optical counterparts which had ITO emitter contacts. The specific photo responsivity and the spectral responses of these HPTs were analysed. In light of HPTs with transparent ITO emitter ohmic contacts, a brief examination of the merits of vertical versus lateral illumination was also made in this work. Finally a spectral response model was developed to understand and help design optoelectronic detectors comprising of single layer devices (n-GaAs Schottky photo diodes) or multiple semiconductor materials (HPTs using AIGaAs/GaAs or InPlInGaAs systems) to help predict responsivities at a given incident wavelength. As well as material properties of the constituent semiconductors, this model takes into account the specific lateral and vertical geometrical dimensions of the device.
22
Das, P. K. "Magnetic investigations of urban pollution at Mumbai and Nashik, Maharashtra, India: Mineral magnetic method as a pollution proxy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai, 2014. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A thesis submitted to the University of Mumbai for the Ph.D. (Science) degree in Physics
under the guidance of Prof. Nathani Basavaiah.Brief of Conclusion : Environmental pollution due to anthropogenic sources of vehicular exhausts and industrial emissions is rapidly becoming a critical issue of public concern worldwide. Industrialization, urbanization, population growth and associated increase in energy demands have resulted in a profound deterioration of environmental quality in urban India. Specifically, burning of fossil fuels in industries and transport sector has led to increase in concentrations of particulate pollutants in the environment leading to pollution, which can threaten the health of human beings and affect the quality of environment. The increasing pollution level day-by-day has prompted policy makers, scientists, environmental organizations to opt for fast, cost effective, complimentary yet reliable tools against the existing traditional time consuming, cost intensive and destructive tools for quick information. Environmental magnetism is one such tool which has been widely used to investigate the degree, source, scope and spatio-temporal evolution of anthropogenic pollution related to industrial and other human activities in this thesis. The determination of different magnetic mineral sources, called magnetic components, is an important task in environmental magnetism. The premise is based on that human activities constitute an additional source of magnetic components, which can be utilized for pollution monitoring. Technical challenges in recognition of anthropogenically produced magnetic particles in high magnetic background values from Deccan Trap basalts pose difficulties in order to define accurately a standard magnetic reference level. For the first time, two case studies of a successful pollution screening from Deccan Trap basalts employing integrated environmental magnetic, geochemical and microscopic investigations were carried out. Further, in situ susceptibility survey and laboratory measurements of a suite of rock magnetic parameters were carried out for obtaining information on spatial magnetic dust/soil, carrying a load of environmentally relevant heavy metals. Mineral magnetic measurements as a tool for mapping heavy metal contamination of road dusts and topsoils around a power plant were reported here. As aforementioned, virtually all types of magnetic matter generated by anthropogenic mechanisms outlined were within coarser particle range from 0.2 m up to tens of m. Thus for representative particulate nature of the road dusts and contaminated topsoils and for minimization of natural magnetic contamination of the basaltic environment, the dust samples <44 µm and topsoil samples <63 µm fraction were analyzed in detail. This fractionation process ensured removal of coarse grains of basaltic material and contained a large component of the anthropogenic dust particulates of airborne origin. We briefly summarize the results and provide a brief of the future scope of the present thesis work.
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Cochet, Sébastien. "Synthesis and characterization of aromatic-substituted titanium oxo-carboxo derivatives and their use in organic-inorganic hybrid materials." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La synthèse et la caractérisation d’oxo-entités de titane contenant des substituants aromatiques ainsi que leur utilisation dans des matériaux hybrides est présentée. Deux voies de synthèse ont été choisies, de façon à contrôler la structure et morphologie des entités formées : La première est la réaction entre un précurseur de titane et un léger excès d’acide carboxylique qui conduit à l’obtention d’oxo-alcoxo clusters de titane de formule Ti6O4(C6H5COO)8(OR)8 ou TixOy(CH2=CH-C6H4COO)z(OPri)z. La deuxième est la réaction réalisée avec un fort excès d’acide pour substituer tous les isopropoxides. Ainsi, l’oxo-carboxo cluster de titane de formule Ti8O8(C6H5COO)16. (C6H5COOH)2. H2O, ainsi que des oxo-entités de titane fonctionnalisées avec des groupements amino, nitro et hydroxo ont été obtenues. Ensuite, l’incorporation des oxo-alcoxo clusters dans des matrices organiques et/ou organique-inorganiques, de façon à en modifier les propriétés thermiques ou optiques est brièvement présentéeThe synthesis and characterization of aromatic substituted titanium oxo-entities as well as their utilization in hybrid materials is presented. Two main routes have been chosen for the synthesis, in respect to the structure and morphology of the obtained entities: - The first one is the reaction of titanium alkoxide with a slightly excess of carboxylic acid, which yields in well-defined titanium oxo-alkoxo clusters of formula Ti6O4(C6H5COO)8(OR)8 (with R = Et, Prn or Bun) or TixOy(CH2=CH-C6H4COO)z(OPri)z. - The second route is the reaction carried out with a large excess of carboxylic acid to remove all isopropoxide groups. Therefore well-defined oxo-carboxo cluster of formula Ti8O8(C6H5COO)16. (C6H5COOH)2. H2O, or titanium oxo-entities functionalized with amino, nitro and hydroxy groups could be obtained. Afterward the use of the former synthesized products in organic and/or inorganic-organic hybrid materials, particularly for modification of thermal and optical properties, is outlined
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Rey, Tormos Romina María del. "Modelización del ruido transmitido por flancos en la edificación en nuevas soluciones constructivas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/6882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El ruido transmitido por flancos laterales en edificación es uno de los problemas importantes en su aislamiento acústico, por lo que es conveniente incorporar nuevas soluciones constructivas que permitan abrir el abanico de posibilidades. En este trabajo de Tesis se aborda ese problema.
En primer lugar se realiza una revisión importante de técnicas y modelos de medición y predicción del comportamiento acústico de materiales que pudiesen ser susceptibles de usarse en edificación. En esta línea nos hemos centrado sobre todo en dos posibilidades: materiales para usarlos como absorbentes acústicos y materiales para utilizarlos como lámina elástica en un suelo flotante. Se han estudiado varios tipos de materiales, sobre todo materiales reciclados o de fibras naturales, de los que se han obtenido sus características necesarias para valorar si son absorbentes acústicos, e incluso se han obtenido modelos propios de nuevos materiales. También se estudian diferentes reciclados y láminas valorando si son eficientes en un suelo flotante. Se presenta, pues, un estudio de nuevos materiales para edificación que permita aumentar la variedad o que sirva para reutilizar o reciclar otros productos o deshechos. Además, todo esto, estudiando la incertidumbre del ensayo en cada caso.
Otro bloque importante de la tesis lo conforma la puesta en marcha y validación de una técnica de medida "in situ" de las transmisiones laterales. Actualmente no existe ninguna técnica normalizada y sólo existen ensayos normalizados en laboratorio para ciertas soluciones constructivas. Se han medido cientos de configuraciones de uniones diferentes, combinando conexiones rígidas y elásticas de unión, y valorando también el efecto del suelo flotante. Se ha estudiado también la incertidumbre de este tipo de ensayos y en qué condiciones son válidos los resultados del ensayo. Con toda la información obtenida, se han obtenido algunas fórmulas ajustadas y diferentes conclusiones respecto a ciertas uniones.Rey Tormos, RMD. (2009). Modelización del ruido transmitido por flancos en la edificación en nuevas soluciones constructivas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/6882
Palancia
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Petersson, Malin, and Caroline Bäckström. "How does a Government Lower Primary School in India work with mathematics? - A study on how the teachers’ mathematical beliefs affect the norms operating in the classroom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35819.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Denna studie beskriver hur en kommunal grundskola i sydvästra Indien undervisar matematik.Vår frågeställning var: Hur fungerar en indisk statlig grundskola arbetar med matematik? Vilka är lärarnas uppfattningar om skolans sätt att undervisa? För att ha möjlighet att fördjupa oss i frågorna undersökte vi även Hur lärarnas föreställningar om matematik påverkar normerna i klassrummet utifrån ramen av Yack och Cobbs normteori. Det är en kvalitativ studie där vi utförde observationer av undervisningen och intervjuer med lärare och rektorn på skolan om deras syn på matematikundervisningen, under tre veckor. Vi samlade också information om och dokumenterade deras matematikverkstad.Utifrån våra intervjuer och observationer kunde vi dra slutsatsen att samtliga på skolan arbetade med en aktivitetsbaserad undervisning där matematik lärs med hjälp av manipulativt, laborativt material. De arbetade tillsammans i ett arbetslag med en strävan att uppfylla läroplanens mål och med en gemensam arbetsmetod. Vi fann också att lärarnas värderingar och föreställningar om hur matematik ska läras ut, påverkar de normer som verkar i klassrummet.Denna studie kan inte generaliserbar eftersom detta är en fallstudie på denna skola. Dock förespråkar den indiska läroplanen att undervisningen ska ske utifrån elevnära aktiviteter, men matematikverkstaden på denna skola var speciell och utvecklad på denna skola.For our study, we visited a Government Lower Primary School in India to inquiry about how a school in another schooling context teaches mathematics. Our research questions were: How does an Indian Government Lower Primary School work with mathematics? What are the teachers' perceptions of the school’s teaching approach? In addition to these questions and to inquire deeper into this subject, we also investigated How do the teachers’ perceptions and method of teaching connect to Yackel and Cobb’s framework of the different kinds of norms operating in the classroom?We did a qualitative study, staying at the school for three weeks to interview teachers about their method of teaching mathematics as well as observing how they were teaching mathematics and the norms that operated in the classroom. We also gathered information about their mathematics laboratory. During our interviews and observations we came to the conclusion that the school worked with activity-based learning by using manipulative materials. All teachers as well as the principal cooperatively strived to meet the curricula objectives, with the same teaching approach. We also found that the teachers’ values and beliefs about how mathematics should be taught, affect the norms operating in the classroom.This study cannot be generalised for all schools in India or even in this area. This study is a minor study which only considered one particular school which used an interesting teaching method, activity-based learning with manipulatives.
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Maupin, Valérie. "Etude des caracteristiques des ondes de surface en milieu anisotrope : application a l'analyse d'anomalies de polarisation a la station de port-aux-francais." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dispersion et polarisation des ondes de surface dans des structures anisotropes lateralement homogenes. L'equation des ondes elastiques dans des structures planes isotropes est perturbee par l'introduction de coefficients elastiques anisotropes. On en deduit l'anomalie de vitesse de phase et l'anomalie de polarisation decomposee sur les modes propres de la structure isotrope de reference. Ces resultats sont illustres par le calcul d'anomalies de vitesse et de polarisation dans des modeles oceaniques ou l'anisotropie est cree par orientation de fissures dans la croute ou de cristaux d'olivine dans le manteau
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Gómez, Ruiz Sebastián. "Wàsi, ver entre los Iku. Etnografía de las Imágenes en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta de Colombia, ha estado amenazada por el conflicto armado, proyectos de desarrollo, explotación de hidrocarburos, minería, narcotráfico y turismo, poniendo en riesgo la sobrevivencia de los pueblos indígenas y su principal recurso: el agua. Para enfrentar esto, los colectivos de comunicación indígena de los pueblos Wiwa, Arhuaco (Iku), y Kogi han utilizado desde el 2002 la producción audiovisual, como una herramienta simbólica y política para defender su territorio, visibilizar sus realidades y narrarse a sí mismos.
La representación y la autorepresentación indígena desde el cine, la fotografía y los medios de comunicación, plantea una aproximación teórica que se ha situado en dos direcciones: por un lado, supone la comprensión de cómo se ha configurado una mirada desde la Iglesia, el Estado, las multinacionales, la antropología, los documentalistas y el turismo sobre lo indígena, en contextos de evangelización, colonialismo, explotación y extractivismo. Por otro lado, la autorepresentación indígena ha implicado la aparición de lo que algunos autores han denominado como: resistencia simbólica, activismo cultural y soberanía visual.
Está investigación es una etnografía de las imágenes. Su propuesta teórica y metodológica se centra en el uso, producción, circulación y significación de imágenes del pueblo Iku o Arhuaco. Para esto, se sitúa la producción de imágenes fotosintéticas desde sus implicaciones sociopolíticas y culturales. Desde una aproximación sociopolítica, se argumenta que los colectivos de comunicaciones indígenas de la Sierra Nevada, están configurando unas transformaciones en la etnicidad de la Colombia contemporánea. Estas transformaciones están vinculadas con prácticas sociales de producción de imágenes, en el contexto del multiculturalismo y cosmopolitismo, ampliando espacialmente su experiencia política. Desde una perspectiva cultural, las imágenes fotosintéticas permiten acercarse a unos “modos de ver”, que hacen referencia a ámbitos temporales de la sensibilidad y la percepción.
El trabajo etnográfico se desarrolló por medio de la elicitación de imágenes, en diferentes contextos multisituados dentro de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y fuera de ella. Al mismo tiempo, se hizo un acompañamiento al Colectivo de Comunicaciones Arhuaco Yosokwi y su director Amado Villafaña en el visionado y producción de audiovisuales. Fruto de esta colaboración realizamos la película Wàsi (ver).The Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (Colombia) has been a threatened land by the armed conflict, development projects, hydrocarbon exploitation, mining, drug traffic and tourism. In this context, the survival of indigenous peoples and their main resource the water are at risk. To face this, the indigenous communication groups of the Wiwa, Arhuaco (Iku), and Kogi villages have used audiovisual productions, since 2002, as a symbolic and political tool, to defend their territory, showing their realities and narrate themselves. Indigenous representation and self-representation from the cinema, photography and media of communication has taken two main theoretical approaches. On the one hand, it implies, how indigenous has been represented by the Church, the State, multinationals, anthropology, film documentaries and tourism, in contexts of evangelization, colonialism, exploitation and the extractive economy. On the other hand, indigenous self-representation has implied the appearance of what some scholar has called: symbolic resistance, cultural activism and visual sovereignty. This research proposes an ethnography of images as a theoretical and methodological approach. It focuses on the use of production, circulation and significance of images of the Iku community (arhuaco). I argue that the production of photosynthetic images from indigenous has socio-political and cultural implications. From a socio-political approach, I said that the indigenous communications of the Sierra Nevada are configuring new ways to understand ethnicity in contemporary Colombia. These transformations are linked to social practices of image production, in the context of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism, which has allowed the indigenous to expand their space political experience. From a cultural perspective, photosynthetic images allow us to approach "ways of seeing", which refer to the temporal variables of sensitivity and perception. Ethnographic work was developed through the elicitation of image, in different multi-site contexts within the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and outside it. At the same time, an accompaniment was made to the Arhuaco Communications Collective Yosokwi and his director Amado Villafaña in the viewing and production of audiovisuals. As a result of this collaboration, we made the film Wàsi (to see).
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Cordeiro, Edna Maria Silva. "Biocomp?sitos polim?ricos obtidos a partir da fra??o lignocelul?sica e amil?cea do caro?o de manga (mangifera indica), Tommy atkins." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-19Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This employment has the function the utilization of mango seeds Tommy Atkins, like starch source to obtain biopolymers and fibers source and nanowhiskers cellulose also, that will be use like reinforcing fillers in micro and nanobiocomposites polymeric. The fibers in natura removed from tegument mango seed were characterized, as weel as the treated fibers and nanowhiskers of cellulose extracted from them. The starch extracted from seed s almond showed a good performance (32%) and a high purity. The chemicals analyzes, of crystallinity and morphological of the fibers in natura, treated fibers and nanowhiskers of cellulose confirmed the efficacy of the chemical treatement performed to remove amorphous constituents (hemicellulose and lignina). The thermoplastic starch (TPS) obtained from two sources, corn starch and starchy material mango, was produced in a twin screw extruder with compositon mass of 62,5% of starch, 9,4% of water and 28,1% of glycerol. The starch material mango was the main objective of this work for the production of biodegradable materials, and the starch corn was utilized during the production stage to evaluate the processability of the starch and use as parameter for comparison, according of being a conventional source for obtaining conventional comercial starch. The incorporation of fibers (6% in mass) and nanowhiskers cellulose (1% in mass) in matrix of TPS to obtain composite and nanocomposite, respectively, it was performed in single screw extruder. The biocomposites and bionanocomposites polymeric were obtained and the TPS from starchy material mango presented better results of thermal and mechanicals properties when compared to TPS corn starch. Concludes that the sediment generated of the agroindustrial processing mango used presents potencial to producing of biodegradables materials
Este trabalho apresenta como objetivo a utiliza??o de caro?os da manga Tommy Atkins, como fonte de amido para obten??o de biopol?meros e, tamb?m, como fonte de fibras e nanowhiskers de celulose, que foram utilizadas como cargas refor?antes em micro e nanobiocomp?sitos polim?ricos. As fibras in natura removidas do tegumento do caro?o de manga foram caracterizadas, bem como as fibras tratadas e nanowhiskers de celulose extra?dos a partir delas. O amido extra?do das am?ndoas do caro?o apresentou um bom rendimento (32%) e elevado grau de pureza. As an?lises qu?micas, de cristalinidade e morfol?gicas das fibras in natura, fibras tratadas e nanowhiskers de celulose confirmaram a efic?cia do tratamento qu?mico realizado em remover os constituintes amorfos (hemicelulose e lignina). O amido termopl?stico (TPS) obtido de duas fontes, amido de milho e material amil?ceo de manga, foi produzido em extrusora rosca dupla com a composi??o em massa de 62,5% de amido, 9,4% de ?gua e 28,1% de glicerol. O material amil?ceo de manga foi o objetivo principal deste trabalho para produ??o de materiais biodegrad?veis, e o amido de milho foi utilizado durante a etapa de produ??o para avaliar a processabilidade do amido e utilizar como par?metro de compara??o, em fun??o de ser uma fonte convencional de obten??o de amido comercial. A incorpora??o das fibras (6% em massa) e nanowhiskers de celulose (1% em massa) em matriz de TPS para obter comp?sitos e nanocomp?sitos, respectivamente, foi realizada em extrusora monorosca. Os biocomp?sitos e bionanocomp?sitos polim?ricos foram obtidos e os TPS do material amil?ceo de manga apresentaram melhores resultados de propriedades t?rmicas e mec?nicas quando comparados aos TPS de amido de milho. Concluiu-se que os res?duos gerados do processamento agroindustrial da manga utilizados apresentaram potencial para a produ??o de materiais biodegrad?veis
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Pais, Yanay. "Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Cactus Mucilage Nanofibers." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work seeks to fabricate, optimize, and characterize nanofibers of cactus Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage and Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by electrospinning. Mucilage is a neutral mixture of sugars produced by cactus and PVA is a non-toxic, water-soluble, synthetic polymer, which is widely used as a co-spinning agent for polymers. Mucilage was extracted from the cactus pad and prepared for electrospinning by mixing with acetic acid. Two types of PVA were used differentiating in high and low molecular weights. Concentrations of PVA were varied to find an adequate threshold for fiber formation. Changing the ratio of PVA to cactus mucilage produced fibers of different diameter and quality. The optimizations of the parameters used in the electrospinning setup were also a factor in creating quality fibers without deformity. An acceptable PVA to mucilage ratio mixture was reached for the use of the electrospinning process and consistent nanofibers were accomplished with the use of both the low and high molecular weight PVA. The fibers were observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. In this project we were able to obtain nanofiber meshes made with environmentally friendly materials with fiber diameters raging from 50nm to 7um sized. The produced nanofibers were made in the hope that it can be utilized in the future as an inexpensive, biocompatible, and biodegradable water filtration system.
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Lérondel, Gilles. "Propagation de la lumière dans le silicium poreux : application à la photonique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation optique du silicium poreux et son application à la réalication de structures à modulation d'indice (superréseaux). Une première étude de la diffusion optique a montré l'homogénéité de ce matériau à l'échelle de la lumière, justifiant une description par un indice de réfraction moyen. Si la formation électrochimique du silicium poreux permet l'obtention de couches minces d'épaisseurs parfaitement définies, en revanche des fluctuations du front de dissolution entrainent une diffusion à l'interface silicium poreux/silicium cristallin. Cet effet a nécéssité de développer une analyse des mesures optiques dans le cas d'interfaces rugueuses. La détermination des constantes optiques a été réalisée par une mesure à basse température de la transmission par photoconduction dans le silicium cristallin et par ajustement des spectres de réflectivité des couches minces. D'une manière générale, alors que la dispersion de l'indice est assez faible, l'absorption du siliicum poreux se caractérise par une dépendance exponentielle sur une grande plage en énergie. Cette étude a permis la réliasation de structures à modulation d'indice telles que des réflecteurs de Bragg, des filtres Fabry-Perot ou des microcavités luminescentes. La mise en évidence de différences entre la formation des couches simples et enterrées a compliqué la caractérisation de ces structures. La très bonne qualité optique et le fort rendement quantique intrinsèque au silicium poreux de type P ont permis d'obtenir des microcavités luminescentes très efficaces. Enfin, en combinant l'holographie et la photochimie, un nouveau type de gravure en profondeur a été développé permettant d'obtenir des structures à modulation d'indice latérale de périodicité submicronique. La photodissolution localisée du matériau a été mise en évidence après et pendant la formation de la couche poreuse et ce pour tout type de silicium poreux y compris le macroporeux
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James, Jemy. "Refractive index engineering using polymer nanocomposites Surface engineering of polystyrene–cerium oxide nanocomposite thin films for refractive index enhancement." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
À travers l’histoire, la lumière a suscité le plus vif intérêt chez de nombreuses personnes curieuses, qu’il s’agisse de philosophes questionnant sa nature ou de scientifiques cherchant à interpréter les phénomènes qui lui sont associés. L’optique joue un rôle essentiel dans nombre de nos applications quotidiennes. L’indice de réfraction est l’un des facteurs les plus importants en photonique. Il est possible d’améliorer l’efficacité des dispositifs photoniques, comme les diodes électroluminescentes, les cellules photovoltaïques, etc., en réduisant la disparité des indices de réfraction des matériaux utilisés dans les dispositifs optiques. Cette thèse apporte quelques éclaircissements sur l’adaptation de l’indice de réfraction des matériaux, détaillant des aspects de l’indice de réfraction et de son ingénierie à l’aide de nanocomposites de polymère. Ce chapitre d’introduction évolue vers une discussion plus large sur l’indice de réfraction, ses différentes valeurs, et les avantages potentiels que son ingénierie pourrait générer. De minces films polymères ont été préparés et les nanoparticules ont été introduites de façon à modifier l’indice de réfraction. De la même manière, des films épais ont été préparés en utilisant du PMMA et du polystyrène, ceux-ci ayant été utilisés pour caractériser optiquement et morphologiquement les échantillons préparés. De nombreuses méthodes ont été employées pour préparer les films polymères. Des films polymères ultraminces ont également été préparés en utilisant la technique de revêtement par centrifugation, puis l’épaisseur du film de polystyrène a été modifiée afin d’étudier son impact sur l’indice de réfraction. Il a fallu surmonter plusieurs obstacles lors des recherches, comme la préparation d’un substrat ultra pur, l’uniformité du film polymère mince préparé, l’adhérence du film polymère mince sur les substrats après le coulage au solvant, etc. Tous ces défis ont été relevés grâce aux innovations détaillées dans cette thèseHistorically, light was a centre of interest for numerous inquisitive people: the philosophers who were interested in its nature and the scientists who wanted to interpret its associated phenomena. Optics is playing a pivotal role in many of our day to day applications.The refractive index is one of the most significant parameters in photonics. An increase in the efficiency of the photonic devices, like Light Emitting Diodes, Solar Cells, etc., can be achieved by reducing the refractive index mismatch of materials used in the optical devices.This thesis throws some light into the tailoring the refractive index of materials, by giving detailed aspects of refractive index and engineering of the refractive index using polymer nanocomposite. This introductory chapter evolves into a wider discussion on the refractive index and the types of refractive index and the potential leverage that can be obtained by engineering the refractive index. Polymer thin films were prepared and the nanoparticles were introduced so as to modify the refractive index. Similarly, thick polymer films were prepared using PMMA and Polystyrene and these were utilized to optically and morphologically characterize the prepared samples. Multiple methods have been utilized to prepare the polymer films. Ultra thin polymer films were also prepared using the spin coating technique and later the thickness of the polystyrene film was changed so as to understand its impact on the refractive index. There were multiple challenges to overcome while carrying out the research like the preparation of ultra pure substrate, uniformity in the prepared polymer thin film, adherence of the polymer thin film on to the substrates after solvent casting etc. All the challenges were overcome using the innovations, which are detailed in the thesis
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Fick, Jochen. "Étude non linéaire des couches minces de silice fabriquées par sol-gel et dopées avec des microcristallites de semiconducteur." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Des couches minces de sio2-tio2 dopees avec des microcristallites de cds et pbs ont ete fabriquees par la technique de sol-gel. La qualite optique de ces echantillons est tres bonne avec des pertes par propagation de l'ordre de quelques db/cm. La presence des semiconducteurs a ete prouvee par les spectres d'absorption, rayons x, tem, sims, eds et rbs. En general la taille des microcristallites est de 3-4 nm. Le deplacement de la bande d'absorption du au confinement quantique a ete observe dans les spectres d'absorption. Les proprietes non lineaires des couches ont ete mesurees en employant la technique des lignes noires non lineaires. Les echantillons presentent une forte non linearite autour de 550 nm. Les valeurs de l'indice de refraction non lineaire n2 observees sont typiquement de l'ordre de 10-8 cm2/kw sur des echantillons dopes avec pbs et cds. Des non linearites positives et negatives ont ete observees sur des differents echantillons. Des non linearites negatives de l'ordre de -3 10-7 cm2/kw ont ete mesurees sur un echantillon dope avec cds pres de la bande d'absorption (450 nm). La stabilite temporelle des proprietes non lineaires differe entre les echantillons. Une etude effectuee a 550 nm sur un echantillon dope avec cds pendant une periode de 200 jours, montre que la non linearite decroit lentement. Cette decroissance est supposee d'etre causee par l'oxydation des microcristallites de semiconducteur dans la matrice poreuse de silice
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Iazzolino, Antonio. "Engineering three-dimensional extended arrays of densely packed nano particles for optical metamaterials using microfluidIque evaporation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059235.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1-Microevaporation - Microfluidics is the branch of fluid mechanics dedicated to the study of flows in the channel withdimensions between 1 micron and 100 micron. The object of this chapter is to illustrate the basicprinciples and possible applications of microfluidic chip, called microevaporator. In the first part ofthe chapter, we present a detailed description of the physics of microevaporators using analyticalarguments, and describe some applications. In the second part of the chapter, we present theexperimental protocol of engineering of micro evaporator and different type of microfluidics device.2- On-chip microspectroscopy - The object of this chapter is to illustrate a method to measure absorption spectra during theprocess of growth of our materials in our microfluidic tools. The aim is to make an opticalcharacterization of our micro materials and to carry-out a spatio-temporal study of kineticproperties of our dispersion under study. This instrumental chapter presents the theoretical basis !of the method we used.3-Role of colloidal stability in the growth of micromaterials - We used combined microspectroscopy and videomicroscopy to follow the nucleation and growth ofmaterials made of core-shell Ag@SiO2 NPs in micro evaporators.!We evidence that the growth is actually not always possible, and instead precipitation may occurduring the concentration process. This event is governed by the concentration of dispersion in thereservoir and we assume that its origin come from ionic species that are concentrated all togetherwith the NPs and may alter the colloidal stability en route towards high concentration. 4-Microfluidic-induced growth and shape-up of three-dimensional extended arrays of denselypacked nano particles - In this chapter I present in details microfluidic evaporation experiments to engineer various denselypacked 3D arrays of NPs.5-Bulk metamaterials assembled by microfluidic evaporation - In this chapter I introduced the technique we used (microspot ellipsometry) in close collaborationswith V.Kravets and A.Grigorenko(University of Manchester) and with A.Aradian, P.Barois, A.Baron,K.Ehrhardt(CRPP, Pessac) to characterized the solids made of densely packed NPs. I describe theconstraints that emerge from the coupling between the small size of our materials and the opticalrequirements, the analysis and interpretation of the ellipsometry experiments show that for thematerial with high volume fraction of metal exists the strong electrical coupling between the NPsand the materials display an extremely high refraction index in the near infra-red regime.
34
Charles, Cédric. "Etude théorique et expérimentale des relations architecture - propriétés optiques de films minces d'oxyde de tungstène pulvérisés par GAD." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse participe à l'étude générale et à la compréhension des relations structure- propriétés optiques de couches minces d'oxyde de tungstène, nanostructurées lors de leur dépôt par la technique Glancing Angle Déposition. Cette technique repose sur le contrôle de l'orientation relative du substrat vis à vis de la source de vapeur.[...]
35
PELENC, DENIS. "Elaboration par epitaxie en phase liquide et caracterisation de couches monocristallines de yag dope : realisation de lasers guide d'onde neodyme et ytterbium a faibles seuils." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans le cadre des recherches sur des dispositifs laser compacts pouvant etre pompes par diodes, ce memoire decrit le developpement d'une nouvelle technique d'elaboration de lasers guides d'onde, l'epitaxie en phase liquide. Cette technique a ete appliquee a la croissance de couches minces monocristallines de yag dope neodyme et ytterbium sur des substrats de yag non dope. Afin d'obtenir des guides de bonne qualite, nous avons defini les conditions de croissance des couches et montre l'interet de la croissance d'une surcouche de confinement. Deux co-dopages ont ete etudies en supplement a l'ion actif: gallium pour controler l'indice optique des couches, lutetium pour controler leur parametre cristallin. La determination du coefficient de segregation des divers dopants a requis le developpement d'un modele qui prend en compte l'evolution des bains au cours du temps. Nous avons mesure l'augmentation d'indice due a chaque dopant et propose un mecanisme expliquant cette augmentation. La caracterisation spectroscopique des couches a indique que les ions actifs ont les memes proprietes que le materiau massif de meme composition. La caracterisation laser a montre des pertes par propagation tres faibles (environ 0,1 db/cm), comparables a celles du materiau massif. Pour la transition laser a 1064 nm du neodyme, nous avons demontre l'effet laser pour une puissance absorbee au seuil de 700 w et mesure un rendement differentiel de 40% en pompage par diode, pour un seuil de 14 mw. Pour des transitions laser quasi-3 niveaux, une diminution significative du seuil par rapport a une configuration non guidee a ete obtenue: a 946 nm dans un guide dope neodyme, a 1029 nm dans un guide dope ytterbium en pompage par barrette de diode 1w. Un rendement differentiel de 80% a egalement ete mesure dans un guide dope ytterbium emettant a 1048 nm
36
Alvarado, patino Nelson Andrey. "Évaluation des performances thermomécaniques des enrobés bitumineux à fort taux de recyclage : Apport du procédé de régénération Fenixfalt." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une étude expérimentale a été effectuée sur diverses formules de trois familles d’enrobés bitumineux avec des taux de recyclage variables et la présence ou non de régénérant. La composition des mélanges et le procédé de fabrication ont été élaborés afin d’effectuer une étude comparative. L’enrobage produit des variations des paramètres physico-chimiques des liants telles que la consistance, la température de transition vitreuse, les fractions cristallisables, les taux d’aromatiques et d’asphaltènes ; ces variations sont limitées en présence de régénérant. Lorsque le taux d’AE augmente, la compactibilité et l’orniérage des mélanges diminuent et leur rigidité viscoélastique augmente, mais le régénérant limite ces variations. Globalement, les AE produisent une augmentation de la résistance à la fatigue des formules et un aplatissement des droites de Wöhler. Le régénérant améliore le paramètre de fatigue ɛ6 ; les performances en fatigue augmentent avec la TBA et l’indice colloïdal du liant ainsi qu’avec la diminution de la viscosité de l’enrobé. L’impact favorable d’un taux élevé d’AE et du régénérant sur le trafic admissible a été déterminé suite au dimensionnement d’une structure souple tri-couche. À basse température, la détérioration par les AE de la ductilité en traction et de la température de rupture par retrait empêché se trouvent limitées par le régénérant ; un compromis est cependant à trouver avec la résistance à la fatigue. Les formules régénérées mises en œuvre sur la couche de roulement d’une route départementale ont subi une moindre évolution après six ans de service que les mélanges non régénérésAn experimental programme has been performed on three types of bituminous mixes with variable recycling rates and the possible addition of rejuvenator. The mix composition and the production process have been defined in order to perform a comparative analysis. The coating process modifies the physico-chemical parameters of the binders, like consistency, glassy transition temperature, cristallizable moiety, aromatics and asphaltenes rates; the above variations are limited by using the rejuvenator. As the RAP content increases, the compactibility and the rutting of the mixes decrease and the viscoelastic stiffness increases, but the rejuvenation reduces these variations. Globally, RAP increases the fatigue resistance of the mixes and flattens the Wöhler curve. Rejuvenation enhances ɛ6 fatigue parameter; fatigue performances increase with R&B temperature and colloidal index of the binder and as the viscous component of the mixes decreases. The positive impact of a high rate of RAP and of the rejuvenation on the allowable traffic has been evaluated from the structural design of a threelayered pavement. At low temperature, the deterioration of the tension ductility and of the stress restrained failure temperature produced by the RAP, is limited by the rejuvenation; a compromise with the fatigue resistance has to be found. The rejuvenated mixes laid as surface layers on a provincial road have experienced a smaller evolution that non rejuvenated mixes
37
Nouvelot, Luc. "Evaluation et réalisation de miroirs diélectriques à profil d'indice continu et périodique (filtres rugates)." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Differentes methodes de calcul des proprietes optiques des couches minces optiques a profil d'indice continu sont presentees. Dans le cas des filtres rugates, l'utilisation de methodes analytiques a notamment permis un calcul des enveloppes des spectres ainsi que l'optimisation du profil d'indice. Un nouveau systeme de coevaporation sous vide a ete developpe pour realiser des filtres a profil d'indice continu. Des couches minces homogenes de zns, znse, mgf#2, ainsi que de zns-mgf#2 et de znfe-mgf#2 de differentes compositions ont ete realisees. Il apparait que le zns presente un probleme de condensation lorsqu'il est codepose avec du mgf#2, meme sur substrat froid. Le znse ne presente pas ce probleme lorsque celui-ci est majoritaire dans un melange realise a froid. Des filtres rugates a profil d'indice sinusoidal, comportant jusqu'a 20 periodes, ont ete realises en znse-mgf#2 depose sur substrat froid. Leurs spectres de reflexion et de transmission sont conformes aux simulations numeriques. Un atout important des filtres rugates par rapport aux multicouches a par ailleurs ete mis en evidence: les faibles contraintes dans les couches de melanges znse-mgf#2 et dans les filtres realises devraient autoriser la realisation de films epais, ce qui est une necessite pour la realisation de miroirs de faible largeur de bande
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D'Ans, Pierre. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une démarche rationnelle de sélection des traitements de surface: illustration dans le cas des dispositifs de fonderie de l'aluminium." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sélectionner des traitements de surface pour l’industrie nécessite de prendre en compte :les propriétés à conférer au substrat, la nature et la géométrie de celui-ci et les caractéristiques du milieu extérieur. Certaines combinaisons de ces paramètres rendent difficile la sélection d’un traitement unique, d’où le recours à des multitraitements de surface. Dès lors, se posent les questions suivantes :- Utiliser des multitraitements de surface peut se faire en scindant les différentes requêtes en sous-ensembles, de manière à ce que chaque traitement réponde à l’un d’eux. Dans quel ordre ces requêtes doivent-elles être introduites par rapport au substrat ?
- Comment sélectionner les traitements de surface répondant à chaque requête individuelle ?
- Comment classer des multitraitements en termes d’adéquation au problème posé ?
Dans ce travail, les première et troisième questions sont abordées, en explorant les requêtes concernant habituellement les dispositifs de moulage de l’aluminium :
- Résistance aux contraintes d’origine thermique.
- Résistance à la corrosion par les métaux fondus.
- Résistance au frottement.
L’analyse de la bibliographie relative aux traitements de surface utilisés dans ces systèmes a été analysée et des « architectures »-types ont été identifiées (chapitre 3). On prévoit, par exemple, un traitement conférant la résistance à la fatigue superficielle, ainsi qu’un revêtement étanche et résistant à l’aluminium fondu. Une barrière thermique est parfois préconisée.
Pour chacune des architectures, des traitements de surface individuels peuvent être sélectionnés. Un « facteur de performance » permettant de classer les solutions par rapport au problème de la fatigue thermique a été construit (chapitre 4) et discuté dans deux situations :
- Lorsqu’un revêtement est présent, et que les contraintes d’origine thermique (différence de dilatation thermique couche-substrat) menacent de le rompre lors de l’immersion dans un milieu corrosif à haute température. Des essais de corrosion dans de l’aluminium fondu ont été réalisés sur un acier revêtu par du nitrure de chrome dopé à l’aluminium, synthétisé par déposition physique en phase vapeur (chapitre 5 – collaboration :Inasmet).
- Lorsque des variations thermiques rapides menacent de rompre le substrat et la (les) couches. Des essais de fatigue thermique ont été réalisés sur de l’acier à outils pour travail à chaud non traité, boruré ou recouvert d’un multitraitements (zircone yttriée / NiCrAlY / boruration / acier). Le revêtement en zircone yttriée a été obtenu par projection par plasma. L’essai de fatigue thermique a été modélisé et le facteur de performance, discuté (chapitre 6).
Au chapitre 7, les architectures-types ont été introduites dans une méthodologie de sélection des multi-traitements de surface, qui a été appliquée dans deux cas :
- Celui des moules de fonderie, devant résister à la fatigue thermique et à la corrosion par l’aluminium fondu. Le facteur de performance a été extrapolé à d’autres situations qu’aux chapitres 5 et 6. Les solutions habituellement proposées pour résoudre ce problème sont retrouvées.
- Celui de deux pièces en acier frottant l’une contre l’autre en présence d’aluminium fondu.
To select surface treatments, one must account for the required functional properties, the substrate features and the solicitations the substrate must endure. Certain combinations of these parameters make it difficult to select a single surface treatment, a reason why several successive treatments are preferred. To select them, one needs to determine:
- How to divide the several requests into groups and how to stack up these groups from the substrate to the outer surface, so that each treatment deals with one specific group of requests/properties.
- How to select individual layers for each group of properties.
- How to rank the multi-treatments in terms of relevance for a given application.
In this work, one tries to answer the first and the third questions, by studying the case of aluminium foundry, in which the industrial devices frequently face the following solicitations:
- Thermal stress (thermal fatigue, thermal expansion mismatch).
- Presence of corrosive molten metal.
- Sliding wear.
In the literature, several “standard” architectures are proposed (chapter 3), like a diffusion layer reducing superficial fatigue plus a corrosion barrier layer. A thermal barrier coating is also sometimes proposed.
For each of these architectures, one can select individual treatments. To rank them, one devised a “performance index” for thermal stress (chap.4), which is discussed for two cases:
- For large differences between layer and substrate thermal expansion coefficients, when both are put into contact with a high temperature corrosive medium, the layer may be damaged. One discusses this case by examining the corrosion caused by molten aluminium for a steel substrate coated by anticorrosive chromium nitride doped with aluminium. The layer is produced by physical vapour deposition (chap. 5 – cooperation: Inasmet).
- Repeated fast surface temperature transients can also damage the substrate and/or the layer by thermal fatigue. One conducted thermal fatigue tests with samples of hot work tool steel, respectively untreated, simply borided and protected by a multilayer. In the last case, top coat is yttria stabilised zirconia, followed by a nickel superalloy and then a borided layer (undercoat). One synthesized the zirconia coating by plasma spray and one modelled the thermal fatigue (chap. 6).
In chap. 7, architectures from chap. 2 are introduced in a multi-treatment selection routine, which is applied in two cases:
- Foundry moulds for molten aluminium, withstanding both thermal fatigue and corrosion. The devised performance index is extrapolated beyond the tests of chap. 5 and 6 to treatments for this industrial application, thereby quantifying their respective merits.
- A foundry device exposed to molten metal and sliding wear.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Satyanesan, Jessie. "The Library of Congress Cooperative Acquisitions program for India and the management of Indian language materials in the academic and research libraries in the United States." 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=EwThAAAAMAAJ.
Повний текст джерела
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Malini, Esther. "Quality of Indian cocoa beans with special reference to raw materials and processing parameters." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2411.
Повний текст джерела
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Jivan, Morar. "The departmental head as co-ordinator of media instruction in the senior primary phase at Indian primary schools." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9765.
Повний текст джерела
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Scullin, Dianne Mackenzie. "A Materiality of Sound: Musical Practices of the Moche of Peru." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8G44PH8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The PhD dissertation entitled A Materiality of Sound: Musical Practices of the Moche of Peru examines the role of sonic practice within the Moche culture, a complex polity that flourished on the north coast of Peru between 100 and 900 AD. Music, as a cultural expression of sound, plays an important part in every known human society. Instead of accepting that such a significant aspect of human social life, as sound should remain forever beyond the reach of archaeological inquiry, A Materiality of Sound investigates the durable material traces of sound, such as instrumentation and architecture, using modern recording and acoustic measurement technologies. These techniques permit the exploration of aural experience and sound use in past contexts.
The foundation for the archaeological inquiry of sound and music derives from the phenomenology of Merlau-Ponty (1962); a theoretical standpoint stating that humans experience and interact with the world through all our senses simultaneously. Archaeological interpretation tends to focus on the visual aspects of the world, with the implications that past peoples also privileged sight above all other senses. In order to interpret the choices and strategies employed by past societies, one must consider that the visual may not represent the only, or most valued, sense involved.
This dissertation presents two primary arguments. First, the efficacy of Moche theatrical performances resides in the intersensorial interaction of the visual and the auditory. Moche sound producing artifacts consistently display exterior decoration, and performances depicted in Moche art regularly include specific sound producing artifacts. This repeated confluence of sound and image creates “multi-media” objects, in which image and sound potentially amplify the effects of each other. These multi-media objects generate a new experience of “sound-image,” the efficacy of which derives from the interaction between sound and image in a single object. A “sound-image” stimulates the intersensorial nature of human experience in a specific way, perhaps invoking the generative power of these objects to create action and communicate presence. Without the presence of “sound-image,” the efficacy of a Moche performance could not be achieved.
Second, this dissertation argues that the desire to create specific multi-sensory experiences, which include sound, acted as a driving force behind the creation of Moche performance spaces and material culture. The construction of performance spaces, whether monumental huaca structures or smaller platforms and plazas, requires planning the structure, procuring resources and organizing labor. Architecture does not present space co-opted as a stage for performance, but an actively constructed and desired space. Moche iconographic depictions of platforms and plazas utilized as the settings of performances that included sonic practices indicates that at least one of the roles of these spaces was as stages for Moche theatrical performance.
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McCormack, Jodi Bain. "Maternal bodies, Ojibwe histories and materiality in the novels and memoirs of Louise Erdrich." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1667.
Повний текст джерела
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Manning, Mary C. "“Just arrived from the East” : manufactured and imported building materials in early nineteenth-century Indiana." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1632466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the availability and use of manufactured and imported
building materials in southern and central Indiana before 1850. Specifically, it seeks to
identify the extent to which materials such as paint, machine-cut nails, window glass and
prefabricated sash, architectural hardware, and cast iron stoves were imported into the
region from both foreign and domestic sources. It examines the transition from handmade
and hand-wrought to standardized, mass-produced, and prefabricated building materials
and explores the impact of emerging American consumerism, changing economic policy,
and advancements in technology and transportation on the built environment of the
Indiana frontier.Historical context -- Whitewash and paint -- Wrought and cut nails -- Window glass and prefabricated sash -- Architectural hardward -- Cast iron stoves.
Department of Architecture
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Srivastava, Amit. "Encountering materials in architectural production: the case of Kahn and brick at IIM." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/63373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The architectural discourse on materials frequently engages the legendary dialogue between architect Louis Kahn and the brick that wanted to be an arch to alert us to the role played by materials in the process of architectural production. However, over the four decades in which this anecdote has come to rule the collective memory of our profession very little has been done to examine the actual circumstances behind such an encounter. It is the contention of this thesis that the disregard for historical conditions surrounding this event stems from a historiographical tradition that employs the subject-object dichotomy to negate the very possibility of such an event, forcing the dialogue to be regarded as just a metaphor for the mentality of the architect. In order to question the monopoly of such a theoretical stance, which inadvertently limits the understanding of the role played by materials in the process, the thesis posits the dialogue between Kahn and brick as a subject of historical inquiry outside the confines of this subject-object paradigm – deconstructed in the recent works of Bruno Latour as the “Modern Paradox.” By historically reconstructing the event of this dialogue, the thesis exposes the neglected realm of action where the encounter between the architect and the material takes place, and thereby helps to reveal a new and more complex picture of the process of architectural production.
At the outset the thesis conducts a thematic survey of twentieth century architectural theory exposing an epistemological bias in the approach to architectural materials. It then employs the philosophical works of Martin Heidegger on the nature of “things” and the current sociological debate on the shift from actors to “actants” in the works of Bruno Latour to construct a framework where the architectural experience of an active and symmetric exchange with materials can be argued. Theoretically, then, the thesis invokes arguments for a “social life of things” to situate the discourse of materials in architecture within a larger framework of the social, and thereby offers an alternate way of both understanding and representing materials in architectural practice.
As an interpretive historical study, the second part of the thesis then employs its adopted theoretical framework to situate new historical information regarding both Louis Kahn (as an architect) and brick (as an architectural material in India) during the critical decade of the 1960s. Using the historiographical method of a micronarrative, it focuses its gaze on the design and construction of the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) campus in Ahmedabad, the site of the fabled encounter, and incorporates the narrative of the material actant (brick) in parallel to the narrative of the human actant (Kahn). The alternative account of the architectural production of the IIM that emerges offers a much more detailed picture of the historical conditions and conjunctions that might explain one of the most influential anecdotes in the architectural discourse of the past century. Through this case study the thesis generates an enriched understanding of the encounter between architects and materials, wherein materials may be recognized beyond just their physical properties as active contributors to the process of architectural production.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2009.
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Rimmer, Stephen, P. Garg, S. MacNeil, J. Shepherd, and S. Foster. "UK-India Centre for Advanced Technology for Minimizing Indiscriminate Use of Antibiotics:"Exploring biology of antibiotic resistance and potential targets for early diagnosis and effective management of infectious diseases”." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
YesDuring January 15th – 17th, 2017 a group of scientists met, under the auspices of the UK-India Centre for Advanced Technology for Minimizing Indiscriminate Use of Antibiotics, to discuss the further developments and potential solutions to antimicrobial resistance. This was the third work shop under this funding stream held in Hyderabad. The presentations and outcomes of the workshop are released here. Key out comes included the need to address improved treatment and detection of TB, delivery of antimicrobial peptides, potential strategies for combating beta-lactam resistance.
Medical Research Council
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"Role of Circular Economy in the Indigenous Built Environment: An Assessment of Design and Construction Potential of Circular Building Materials in an American Indian Community." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
abstract: This thesis intends to help inform American Indian nations’ decision making related to housing. The study recognizes the urgent need for housing solutions that fit the needs of a community as well as benefit the overall ecosystem. One model that can offer guidance is the Circular Economy (CE) model. A well-thought-out CE process can provide housing solutions that are economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. It also stimulates the local economy by strategically introducing positive changes. This research identifies the construction potential of available circular materials as compared to more contemporary building materials. It then recommends a closed-loop circular model that utilizes the community’s existing infrastructure to develop affordable housing. The proposed CE model operates within the built environment, stimulating local employment while catering to the needs of the residents. Such an approach can prove to be beneficial for the local community and perhaps scalable to the global economy.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Construction Management 2020
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Cunha, Andreia Raquel Simões. "Valorization of plant materials by Supercritical fluid technology." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/37609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this work was to obtain extracts from two plants, namely Pterospartum tridentatum (Carqueja) and Waltheria indica, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), a green solvent. ScCO2 was used pure or with added co-solvent ethanol. The essential oils from these plants have economic value due to their content in compounds with medicinal properties. For comparison, extraction assays were performed using Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water. The highest yields of extraction were obtained when using infusion/water - 22,5% for Carqueja and 25,0% for W. indica – followed by Soxhlet/ethanol - 21,5% for Carqueja and 22,4% for W. indica. In the case of extractions with scCO2, higher yields of extraction were obtained at 500 bar than 350 bar at a temperature of 40 ºC – 1.28% and 0.64%, respectively. These values went up when at the same temperature and 300 bar, ethanol was added to CO2 as co-solvent – maximum of 4.36% for Carqueja and 14 wt.% ethanol, and maximum of 3.13% for Waltheria indica and 10 wt.% of ethanol. Extraction assays were also carried out by Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water from Carqueja and W. indica previously extracted with scCO2, with or without co-solvent ethanol. The trend observed was an increase in yields of extraction when Soxhlet/ethanol was used, suggesting that scCO2 was able to remove from both plants compounds that the Soxhlet/ethanol method cannot extract. In the case of infusion/water, the trend observed was a decrease in yields of extraction relative to the values obtained with the original plant material, suggesting that scCO2 was able to remove from both plants some compounds that are also extracted by the infusion/water method. Taking into consideration that polyphenols are the major class of compounds present in Carqueja and in W. indica, the extracts obtained were analyzed with a view to quantifying total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant capacity, the latter through values of EC50 (half maximum effective concentration). The best results for Carqueja were 64, 67 and 118 mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of plant and for extracts obtained with scCO2/ethanol, Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively, and for Waltheria indica 10, 77 and 91 mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of plant and for extracts obtained with scCO2/ethanol, Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively. The EC50 values were always very high (unfavorable) for extracts from both plants obtained by scCO2/ethanol extraction, and were of ca. 1 and 0.4 g of extract per g of DPPH (radical used in this assay) for Carqueja extracts obtained by Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively, and 2 and 0.3 g of extract per g of DPPH for Waltheria indica extracts obtained by Soxhlet/ethanol and infusion/water, respectively. A preliminary characterization of Carqueja extracts performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) had already evidenced the presence of phenolic compounds in extracts obtained by Soxhlet/ethanol, as well as fatty acids, triglycerides and terpenes in extracts obtained by scCO2, Soxhlet/ethanol and Soxhlet/n-hexane extraction. This work can be considered a first approach to the use of supercritical technology to obtain extracts from Carqueja and W. indica.
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"Design of the Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument at the Indiana University Low Energy Neutron Source: Applications to the study of nanostructured materials." INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3297113.
Повний текст джерела
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Dunlap, Patrick John. "Evaluating organic compound sorption to several materials to assess their potential as amendments to improve in-situ capping of contaminated sediments." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contaminated sediments represent a common environmental problem because they can sequester large quantities of contaminants which can remain long after the source of pollution has been removed. From the sediment these hazardous compounds are released into the sediment porewater where it can partition into organisms in the sediment and bioaccumulate up the food web; leading to an ecological and human health concern. The objective of this work is to investigate an emerging option in contaminated sediment remediation; specifically an option for in-situ treatment known as active capping. Conventional capping uses clean sediment or sands to separate contaminated sediment from overlying water and biota. Active capping is the use of a sorptive amendment to such a cap to improve its effectiveness.
This work focuses on granular materials as direct amendments to conventional caps including; granular activated carbon (GAC), iron/palladium amended GAC, alumina pillared clay, rice husk char, and organically modified clays. All materials were investigated in batch sorption tests of benzene, chlorobenzene, and naphthalene in DI water. Additionally porewaters from three sites were extruded and the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured. At Manistique Harbor and Ottawa River PCBs were identified as the primary contaminant of concern while PAHs were the contaminant of concern at the Grand Calumet River. At these sites a solvent extraction method was used to analyze the sediment concentrations of the contaminants of concern. From the former batch tests activated carbon and a commercially available organoclay were chosen for further investigation. This includes PAHs in batch sorption tests using extruded sediment porewater to investigate matrix effects, and PCB sorption in distilled water.text