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1
Hilton, Gene T. "A seasonality study of the West Virginia stream condition index." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=494.
Повний текст джерела
2
Elias, Carmen Lopes. "Effect of global changes and spatial scale on diatom communities of temperate rivers: dealing with implications in bioassessment." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doutoramento em BiologiaDiatoms are generally the most frequent and abundant algae in streams and are known by their responsiveness to changes in the environmental conditions of streams. Diatoms are frequently the only biological quality element representative of the aquatic flora in small streams. As a result, diatoms are nowadays a mandatory biological element in the evaluation of the ecological quality of European rivers, according to the Water Framework Directive. Nevertheless, there is still a relative lack of knowledge of key effects of global changes and spatial scale on diatoms. To bridge this gap, this work aims to study the effect of relevant global changes as well as spatial scale on diatom communities of temperate rivers and to deal with its implications in bioassessment. The relevant global changes were assessed in streams from the central Portuguese littoral region which is highly populated and suffers from high anthropogenic impacts. The effect of spatial scale on diatom communities was investigated by a laboratorial experiment (mesocosm experiment) and by using diatom data from temperate regions of the United States of America and Australia. In order to achieve the main aim, three global questions were raised: (1) How to deal with the historical anthropogenic influences in the bioassessment?; (2) Are extreme events due to climatic changes reflected in diatom communities? A comparison with macroinvertebrate communities; (3) How are diatom communities influenced at the spatial scale (small-scale: habitats; large-scale: inter-continental). A strong anthropogenic influence on the streams and rivers of the Portuguese littoral region was confirmed as well as the lack of true reference sites. Sites in the Least Disturbed Condition (LDC) had considerable high nutrient concentrations. As the strong anthropogenic pressures (e.g., alteration of the riparian vegetation, morphological condition and sediment load) prevented an adequate definition of reference conditions for streams in this area an alternative procedure to define suitable reference conditions was investigated, consisting of a combination of modelling and filter approach. This procedure is suitable to deal with the implications of global changes on diatom and on macroinvertebrate communities. The communities observed in the different streams were less homogeneous than those predicted for the same streams under reference conditions (i.e., through the filter approach), as would be expected in sites having variable levels of anthropogenic change. Along with the development of this new approach a new multimetric diatom index was developed. This index produced strong correlations with the selected pressures, providing a more comprehensive assessment of biological quality than the Indice de Polluosensibilité Spécifique (IPS) officially adopted for Portugal. To answer the second global question a smaller set of streams were used within the Portuguese littoral region that were affected by an unusual drought event that lead to the complete drying of the stream channels. Diatoms, as well as macroinvertebrates, were affected by the drought event considering trait proportions, community’s composition and bioassessment classifications. However, the diatom communities had a faster recovery response than macroinvertebrates. The type of substrate – hard and soft –representing the small spatial scale affected diatom communities by changing its composition and trait proportions but not water quality classification in a mesocosm experiment. However, the differences found in the epipsammic and epilithic diatom communities in the streams that were used to answer the first global question were more evident than those found in the mesocosm experiment. In fact, with the mesocosm results, and under the same physical and chemical conditions the IPS differences between substrates disappeared contrasting with the differences that were found in the streams. Additionally, the diatom communities were different between continents with the same type of climate, suggesting that diatom communities are also influenced at the large-scale (even at the order level). Therefore, constraints other than climate are likely to have contributed to the inter-continental differences in diatom community composition found at all taxonomical levels (e.g., geology, historical biogeographic processes and hydrology). On the whole, the results obtained during this study bring new information and new approaches to deal with the bioassessment. However, some more work must be done in order to investigate e.g., based in the global warming predictions, the effects of the temperature increase, on the water quality assessment based on diatom communities.
As diatomáceas são as algas que se encontram mais frequentemente e em maior abundância em cursos de água doce. São conhecidas pela capacidade dos diferentes taxa responderem a variações das condições ambientais dos rios e por serem frequentemente o único elemento de qualidade biológica representativo da flora aquática em pequenos rios e ribeiras. Em consequência destas características, e de acordo com a Directiva Quadro da Água, as diatomáceas são presentemente um dos elementos biológicos obrigatórios na avaliação da qualidade ecológica dos rios europeus. No entanto, ainda existe algum desconhecimento acerca dos efeitos das alterações globais e da escala espacial nas diatomáceas. Para colmatar esta lacuna, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o efeito de alterações globais relevantes e da escala espacial nas comunidades de diatomáceas de rios temperados assim como estudar a melhor forma de lidar com as suas implicações na biomonitorização. O efeito das alterações globais foi estudado em rios e ribeiras da região centro litoral de Portugal continental dado tratar-se de uma região densamente povoada e sujeita a impactos antropogénicos significativos. O efeito da escala espacial nas comunidades de diatomáceas foi investigado através de uma experiência laboratorial (mesocosmos) e também com recurso a informação estatística de comunidades de diatomáceas de várias regiões temperadas, incluindo as costas ocidentais dos Estados Unidos da América e da Austrália. De modo atingir o objetivo principal deste trabalho, três questões globais foram colocadas: (1) Como lidar com as influências antrópicas históricas na biomonitorização?; (2) Será que as comunidades de diatomáceas reflectem os eventos extremos causados pelas alterações climáticas? Uma comparação com as comunidades de macroinvertebrados; (3) Como são as comunidades de diatomáceas influenciadas pela escala espacial (pequena escala: habitats; grande escala: inter-continental). Verificou-se uma influência antropogénica considerável nos rios e ribeiras da região centro litoral de Portugal continental assim como a inexistência de verdadeiros locais de referência. Mesmo os locais considerados como estando em condições de menor perturbação apresentaram concentrações de nutrientes consideravelmente elevadas na água. Uma vez que as fortes pressões antropogénica (p.e., alteração da vegetação ripária, condição morfológica e carga de sedimentos) não permitiram o estabelecimento de condições de referência adequadas para os rios desta região, foi proposto um procedimento alternativo baseado numa combinação de dois métodos – modelação e filtros ambientais. A aplicação deste procedimento na definição de condições de referência revelou-se útil para lidar com os efeitos das alterações globais na biomonitorização com recurso a comunidades de diatomáceas e macroinvertebrados. De facto, como seria de esperar, as comunidades observadas em rios sujeitos a alterações antropogénicas revelaram-se menos homogéneas do que as previstas em condições de referência para esses mesmos rios, i.e., através da aplicação dos referidos filtros ambientais. Em conjunto com o desenvolvimento deste novo procedimento, foi também proposto um novo índice multimétrico de diatomáceas. Este novo índice revelou-se fortemente correlacionado com as pressões selecionadas, fornecendo uma avaliação da qualidade biológica mais abrangente do que o índice oficial adotado por Portugal, o Indice de Polluosensibilité spécifique (IPS). Para responder à segunda questão global apenas um subconjunto de ribeiras da região litoral de Portugal foi selecionado, o qual engloba as ribeiras cujos leitos secaram durante uma vaga de calor invulgar que ocorreu em Portugal em 2011/2012. Verificou-se que, de facto, quer as comunidades de diatomáceas quer de macroinvertebrados foram afetadas pelo evento de seca extrema tendo-se observado alterações ao nível das proporções de traits, composição e a classificação da qualidade biológica. No entanto, as diatomáceas apresentaram uma recuperação significativamente mais rápida que os macroinvertebrados. Os tipos de substratos usados na experiência de mesocosmos realizada neste trabalho (duro vs. macio; pequena escala espacial) também mostraram afetar as comunidades de diatomáceas, uma vez que houve diferenças quer na sua composição quer nas proporções de traits. Esta resposta ao tipo de substrato foi mais evidente em condições físico-químicas controladas do que aquela sugerida pelas diferenças entre as comunidades epipsâmicas e epilíticas dos rios monitorizados neste trabalho. Não obstante, durante a experiência de mesocosmos verificou-se que ao nível de IPS as diferenças entre substratos não eram relevantes quando comparadas com as que se haviam verificado nos rios. As diferenças observadas entre as comunidades de diatomáceas dos vários continentes (Europa, América e Austrália) sugerem que variações ao nível da grande escala também ocasionam diferenças nas comunidades, apesar de influenciados pelo mesmo tipo de clima. Isto sugere que outros factores para além do clima (p.e., geologia, processos biogeográficos históricos e hidrologia) podem ter contribuído para as diferenças inter-continentais verificadas ao nível da composição das comunidades de diatomáceas, a todos os níveis taxonómicos estudados. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos durante este estudo trazem novas informações e novas abordagens para lidar com a biomonitorização. No entanto, mais trabalho será necessário a fim de investigar, por exemplo, os efeitos do aumento da temperatura previstos devido ao aquecimento global na avaliação da qualidade da água com base em comunidades de diatomáceas.
3
Ffolliott, Peter F. "Snowpack Density: An Index of Snowpack Condition." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the Proceedings of the 1985 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 27, 1985, Las Vegas, Nevada
4
Johnson, Laura Young. "Evaluation of Bureau of Land Management Protocols for Monitoring Stream Condition." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of the Aquatic Indicators of Land Condition (AILC) project is to develop analytical tools that integrate land condition information with stream condition for improved watershed management within the United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Based on the goal of the AILC, two objectives for this study were: to determine the effect of four GIS-derived distance measurements on potential relationships between common BLM landscape stressors (mining and grazing) and changes in benthic macroinvertebrate community structure; and to assess the effectiveness of individual questions on a commonly-used Bureau-wide qualitative stream assessment protocol, the proper functioning condition (PFC) assessment.
The four GIS distance measurements assessed for biotic relevance included: straight-line distance, slope distance, flow length, and travel time. No significant relationships were found between the measured distance to stressor and macroinvertebrate community structure. However, the hydrological relevance of flow length and travel time are logically superior to straight-line and slope distance and should be researched further.
Several individual questions in the PFC assessment had statistically significant relationships with the final reach ratings and with field-measured characteristics. Two of the checklist questions were significantly related to the number of cow droppings. This may indicate a useful and efficient measure of stream degradation due to grazing. The handling and use of the PFC assessment within the BLM needs further documentation and examination for scientific viability, and the addition of quantitative measurements to the PFC in determining restoration potential would be desirable.Master of Science
5
He, Jianhao. "The development of structure-based tidal stream turbine condition monitoring systems." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111196/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research presented considers the design, development and building of a structure-based condition monitoring system. A series of physical experiments were designed and conducted in a wind tunnel. This was able to initially prove the feasibility of the proposed system. Using a simulation of the continuous turbine rotation the self-initiated Phase-Angle curve was defined. The algorithms so produced were validated and tested using both the simulated waveforms and experimental data sets. This demonstrated that the proposed monitoring system was able to deal with the ever-changing flow conditions and turbine operation status. The work showed that the use of the wind tunnel was feasible for developing the structure-based monitoring system. It has been shown that innovative ideas can be tested and validated in the wind tunnel. The relatively small size of the test rig and the utility of 3-D printing technology made the whole experiment based investigation very cost-effective. The progressive experiments were conducted to compare widely used monitoring techniques to the proposed monitoring system. Some other physical phenomenon or extended thoughts such as blade tip deflection caused by the tower were considered and may be of interest to other researchers. The final discussion of the work presented was to introduce the potential problems and difficulties in applying the proposed system in the marine environment. This considered the sensor design, system installation, application methods and algorithm optimisation. This could further serve the useful information for the relevant researchers and the experiment or deployment of the proposed system on full-size turbine.
6
Sellens, Claire, and n/a. "The Reference Condition Approach in Disturbed Landscapes: Accounting for Natural Disturbance and a Reference Condition defined by Good Management Practices for River Protection." University of Canberra. School of Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081029.131335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study has contributed to the development of the reference condition approach in
disturbed landscapes. The reference condition approach has been an important development
for the bioassessment of aquatic ecosystems by providing a practical tool for the accurate
assessment of river condition. The selection of appropriate reference sites is critical to the
success of the predictive model in terms of being able to distinguish between natural variation
in biota and the effects of human disturbance. Capturing natural variability and explaining it
is a key difference between the reference condition approach and other study designs (e.g.
before/after/control/impact). Natural disturbances such as drought or bushfire can
significantly alter the ecological condition of streams, and although the ecological condition
of streams affected by natural drought or bushfire is part of the natural cycle, this natural
variation of the ecological condition is rarely incorporated into many study designs because of
a mismatch in time scales. Human disturbance has also significantly altered the condition of
landscapes through the development of agriculture and urbanisation. In urban or agricultural
landscapes it can be impossible to locate streams that have not been modified by human
activity for use as a reference condition. This study looked at the effects of natural disturbance
on the reference condition, in terms of the way natural disturbance affects the prediction of
stream condition and also the incorporation of the condition of streams experiencing natural
disturbance into a predictive model. Additionally this study identified an alternative
benchmark for modified landscapes based on the presence of good management practices for
river protection, and tested this benchmark for the assessment of streams impacted by
urbanisation.
Drought and bushfire regularly disturb aquatic ecosystems in Australia, and affected reference
sites in the ACT and South Coast region of New South Wales in 2002 and 2003. Drought and
bushfire conditions affected macroinvertebrates and environmental variables across these
streams, and the majority of sites were assessed as significantly impaired using regional
AUSRIVAS (AUstralian RIVers Assessment System) models. This indicated the existing
reference conditions for these regions had not incorporated the ecological conditions of
reference sites suffering these natural disturbances. Many of the environmental variables used
to predict the condition of streams were also affected by drought or bushfire. The changes to
environmental variables affected how sites were assessed in models, but the overall
assessment was not significantly changed from the initial assessment that drought or bushfire
had significantly impaired the ecological condition.
To reduce potential assessment errors associated with changes to predictor variables an
attempt was made to construct new models with changeable variables excluded. However, it
was not possible to completely exclude these types of variables, and subsequent models were
no better than the original models in terms of changes to predictor variables affecting the
generation of expected taxa lists. The changes to environmental variables did not affect the
actual assessment of site condition because although group membership probabilities were
changed the probabilities of taxon occurrence did not change significantly. The different
reference site groups all contained some common taxa that occurred at most sites and even
when group probabilities changed this did not change the probability of these taxa occurring
at a test site. For regional models, such as the ACT or NSW South Coast, changes to predictor
variables may not significantly affect the assessment of site condition.
Incorporating reference sites under drought conditions into a predictive model was an
effective way of discriminating the effects of drought from human disturbance. The model
only provided two different ecological conditions, a single drought measurement and a single
non-drought measurement, so the model did not fully encompass the potential natural
variability. The model has value as a starting point and was effective in distinguishing sites
affected by human disturbance from sites affected by drought.
Good Management Practice (GMP) for river protection is any intervention that minimises
human impact on stream condition. Urban sites protected by GMP were used as an alternative
benchmark to a minimally impacted reference condition. The criteria used to select reference
sites were not sufficiently robust to detect a significant benefit of GMP on physical or
chemical characteristics of protected sites, compared to sites without GMP. In general
however, the physical and chemical condition of GMP sites was better than sites without
GMP and there were significant differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages of GMP and
non-GMP sites. A refinement to the site selection process is proposed to include a specific
assessment of GMP effectiveness for the protection it is designed to provide. This will
substantially improve the robustness of a GMP benchmark and provide a clearer picture of the
factors controlling biota in urban streams protected by GMP.
The GMP benchmark was developed into a predictive model for the assessment of urban
stream health, and in terms of the assessment of test site condition, it did not differ
significantly from a model using minimally impacted sites. The purpose of the GMP
benchmark was to provide an alternative reference condition for the assessment of stream
health in modified landscapes when minimally impacted sites are unavailable or provide an
unattainable benchmark. The GMP reference condition as an alternative can provide an
attainable and realistic benchmark. The development and application of the suggested site
selection protocol will improve the robustness of the GMP benchmark and better account for
natural variation in the biota and physical characteristics of the sites used to determine the
reference condition.
7
Floro, Christopher V. O. "Development of predictive equations based on Pavement Condition Index data." Thesis, Seattle, Washington : University of Washington, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA250625.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Civil Engineering)--University of Washington, 1992.Missing pages A3, A7, A8, A10-A26, A28-A45. "March 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 7, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
8
Zweig, Christa L. "Body condition index analysis for the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000836.
Повний текст джерела
9
Poirier, Schmitz Alfredo. "Invariant Measures and a Weak Shadowing Condition." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/95172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We review the concept of invariant measure and study conditions under which linear combinations of averages along periodic orbits are dense in the space of invariant measures.Revisamos el concepto de medida invariante y estudiamos condiciones bajo las cuales combinaciones lineales de promedios a lo largo de órbitas periódicas son densas en el espacio de medidas invariantes.
10
Allmark, Matthew James. "Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of tidal stream turbines subjected to rotor imbalance faults." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98633/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main focus of the work presented within this thesis was the testing and development of condition monitoring procedures for detection and diagnosis of HATT rotor imbalance faults. The condition monitoring processes were developed via Matlab with the goal of exploiting generator measurements for rotor fault monitoring. Suitable methods of turbine simulation and testing were developed in order to test the proposed CM processes. The algorithms were applied to both simulation based and experimental data sets which related to both steady-state and non-steady-state turbine operation. The work showed that development of condition monitoring practices based on analysis of data sets generated via CFD modelling was feasible. This could serve as a useful process for turbine developers. The work specifically showed that consideration of the torsional spectra observed in CFD datasets was useful in developing a, ‘rotor imbalance criteria’ which was sensitive to rotor imbalance conditions. Furthermore, based on the CFD datasets acquired it was possible to develop a parametric rotor model which was used to develop rotor torque time series under more general flow conditions. To further test condition monitoring processes and to develop the parametric rotor model developed based on CFD data a scale model turbine was developed. All aspects of data capture and test rig control was developed by the researcher. The test rig utilised data capture within the turbine nose cone which was synchronised with the global data capture clock source. Within the nose cone thrust and moment about one of the turbine blades was measured as well as acceleration at the turbine nose cone. The results of the flume testing showed that rotor imbalance criteria was suitable for rotor imbalance faults as applied to 4 generator quadrature axis current measurements as an analogue for drive train torque measurements. It was further found that feature fusion of the rotor imbalance criterion calculated with power coefficient monitoring was successful for imbalance fault diagnosis. The final part of the work presented was to develop drive train simulation processes which could be calculated in real-time and could be utilised to generate representative datasets under non-steady-state conditions. The parametric rotor model was developed, based on the data captured during flume testing, to allow for non-steady state operation. A number of simulations were then undertaken with various rotor faults simulated. The condition monitoring processes were then applied to the data sets generated. Condition monitoring based on operational surfaces was successful and normalised calculation of the surfaces was outlined. The rotor imbalance criterion was found to be less sensitive to the fault cases under non-steady state condition but could well be suitable for imbalance fault detection rather than diagnosis.
11
Horch, Alexander. "Condition Monitoring of Control Loops." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3050.
Повний текст джерела
12
Garriques, Daren. "Seasonal patterns of gonadal development and condition index of Dendostrea sandvicensis." Thesis, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1550183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Very little information is available on the Hawaiian Oyster Dendostrea sandvicensis in regards to its biology and physiology. Efforts were made to better understand the active reproductive season of this oyster by studying the population located in He'eia fish pond in Kaneohe Bay, O`ahu. This study focused on the condition index (CI) and gonadal developmental stage trends, measured from monthly oyster tissue samples from January to December 2009. The relationship between CI and temperature was examined. Results suggest CI is not related to temperature. Further analysis defined a positive correlation for CI and temperature during summer but not in winter. Ranges in CI values were higher in summer than in winter. D. sandvicensis experience a tropical reproductive cycle, as trends related to the gonadal stage indicate. January to March is dominated by maturing gonads. From April to October there is a rise and then steady decline of empty gonads indicating an active reproduction season. From November to December a rise in mature gonads indicate readiness for reproduction and recovery. Empty gonads are present through out the year indicating reproduction happens throughout the year, and peaks in beginning of summer.
13
Lawson, Laurie Linwood. "Epilithic diatoms as indicators of stream condition in arid lotic ecosystems of the american southwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1999_093_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Повний текст джерела
14
Kozlowski, Donald F. "Pre-fire functional condition and post-fire channel changes in northern Nevada streams 1999-2001 fires /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447637.
Повний текст джерела
15
Shepard, Gerald T. "Determination of a true biotic index and comparison of riffle and snag habitats in Bearskin Creek, Oneida County Wisconsin, using a modified biotic index /." Link to abstract, 2002. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2002/shepard.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
16
Simkins, Richard M. "Response to Drought of a Stream Fish Assemblage in a High Elevation Stream in the Intermountain West." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6901.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most influential disturbances for stream fish assemblages is large-scale declines in flow caused by periods of drought. Although stream characteristics are known to influence the response of stream fishes to drought, we asked if ecological traits of stream fishes determine, in part, their population level response to drought. To test for ecological trait-based responses to drought in a stream fish assemblage, we quantified species abundances over a period of 5 years that represented a wet to dry period. We sampled stream fishes in Yellow Creek, Wyoming, USA, a high elevation stream dependent on snow-storage for most of its flow. There were five regularly occurring species in the study site: redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus), northern leatherside chub (Lepidomeda copei), mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), and mountain sucker (Catostomus platyrhynchus). We used size class, species, and drought measures as predictors of abundance. Mean Palmer drought severity index over the growing season from the previous year (one year lag) provided the best predictor of stream fish abundances. Four of five species showed strong declines in abundance in response to drought conditions (mountain sucker abundance was not affected), but ecological traits of species were not good predictors of the magnitude of response to drought. Northern leatherside chub are most vulnerable to local extirpation during times of severe drought. Overall, juveniles showed a greater decline in abundance than adults in response to drought. Climate models predict that mountain streams will experience changes in flow regime, which may exacerbate effects of drought. Low flow refuge habitat may need to be incorporated into stream restoration designs to help increase recolonization in streams, especially for stream fishes that are most vulnerable to local extirpation and that have low recolonization rates.
17
Ladson, Anthony Richard. "A multi-component indicator of stream condition for waterway managers : balancing scientific rigour with the need for utility /." Connect to thesis, 2000. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000296.
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Ravirajan, Karthik. "Development and application of a stream flashiness index based on imperviousness and climate using GIS." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
19
Ganesh, Srinivasan. "Investigation of the utility of the vegetation condition index (VCI) as an indicator of drought." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2517.
Повний текст джерела
20
So, Bing Kwan. "Pseudo-differential operators, heat calculus and index theory of groupoids satisfying the Lauter-Nistor condition." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3793/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, we study singular pseudo-differential operators defined by groupoids satisfying the Lauter-Nistor condition, by a method parallel to that of manifolds with boundary and edge differential operators. The example of the Bruhat sphere is studied in detail. In particular, we construct an extension to the calculus of uniformly supported pseudo-differential operators that is analogous to the calculus with bounds defined on manifolds with boundary. We derive a Fredholmness criterion for operators on the Bruhat sphere, and prove that their parametrices up to compact operators lie inside the extended calculus; we construct the heat kernel of perturbed Laplacian operators; and prove an Atiyah-Singer type renormalized index formula for perturbed Dirac operators on the Bruhat sphere using the heat kernel method.
21
Robles, Moreno Carmen del Pilar. "On Tax Domicile in Tax Matters and the Condition of Not Been and Not Found." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are many kinds of legal addresses in the private sphere of a person, having different legal effects and treatments. In that line, the present paper will analyze the concept of tax address. For that purpose, first the concept of address will be introduced, then it’ll focus on tax address, to finally see the treatment of the address in the Tax Code. To finish, both Not Found and Not Been Adress will be analyzed, and so the tax consequences of each one.Existen muchos tipos de domicilios en la esfera privada de una persona, teniendo diferentes efectos y tratamientos legales. En ese sentido, el presente artículo analizaremos el concepto de domicilio fiscal. Para ello, primero se introducirá el concepto de domicilio, centrándonos luego en el domicilio fiscal, para finalmente ver el tratamiento del domicilio en el Código Tributario. Para finalizar, se analizará el caso del Domicilio No Hallado y No Habido, así como las consecuencias tributarias de cada uno.
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Rossano, Eriko Morishita. "Definition and measurement of stream health in Japan based on index of biological integrity (IBI) concepts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5401.
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Mohagheghi, Ali. "Effect of Pavement Condition on Traffic Crash Frequency and Severity in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous studies show that pavement condition properties are significant factors to enhance road safety and riding experience, and pavements with low quality might have inadequate performance in terms of safety and riding experience. Pavement Management System (PMS) databases include pavement properties for each segment of the road collected by the agencies. Understanding the impact of road characteristics on crash frequency is a key step to prevent crashes. Whereas other studies analyzed the effect of different characteristics such as International Roughness Index (IRI), Rutting Depth (RD), Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), this thesis analyzed the effect of Critical Condition Index (CCI) on crash frequency, in addition to the other factors identified in previous studies. Other characteristics such as Percentage of Heavy Vehicles, Road Surface Condition, Road Lighting Condition, and Driver Conditions are taken into the consideration. The scope of the study is the interstate highway system in Fairfax County, Virginia. Negative Binomial, Least Square and Nominal Logistic Models were developed, showing that the CCI value is a significant factor to predict the number of crashes, and that it has different effect for different values of AADT. The result of this study is a substantial step towards developing an integrated transportation control and infrastructure management framework.Master of Science
Many factors cause crashes in the roads. Although there is a common sense that road characteristics such as asphalt quality are important in terms of road safety, there are few studies that scientifically prove that statement. In addition, asphalt maintenance decisions making process is mainly based on cost benefit optimization, and traffic safety is not considered at the process. The purpose of this study is to analyze crashes and road characteristics related to each crash to understand the effect of those characteristics on crash frequency, and eventually, to build a model to predict the number of crashes at each part of the road. The model can help transportation agencies to have a better understanding in terms of safety consequences of their infrastructure management plans. The scope of this study is the highway interstate system in Northern Virginia. Results suggest that pavement condition has a significant impact on crash frequency.
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Smogor, Roy A. "Developing an index of biotic integrity (IBI) for warmwater wadeable streams in Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063525/.
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Zhu, Yufeng. "Assessing Condition on Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Affected Recycled Concrete." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many highway and hydraulic structures in North America have been reported to be affected by alkali aggregate reaction (ASR). It is anticipated that most of these structures will be demolished as they approach the end of their service lives. Recycling demolished concrete as aggregates in new concrete is an option that not only reduces the amount of construction demolition waste (CDW) disposed in landfills but also lessens the consumption of non-renewable resources such as natural aggregates. However, the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in new concrete requires detailed research to make sure that the durability of the recycled material is not compromised, especially if the RCA had been previously affected by ASR. In this research project, coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is reclaimed and processed from distinct members (i.e. foundation blocks, bridge deck and columns) of an ASR-affected overpass after nearly 50 years of service. RCA concrete mixtures incorporating 50 and 100% replacement are manufactured and stored in conditions enabling further ASR development. Mechanical (i.e. Stiffness Damage Test - SDT) and microscopic (Damage Rating Index - DRI) analyses are performed at a fixed “secondary” induced expansion of 0.12%. Results show that the overall performance of the ASR-affected recycled mixtures depends upon the “past” condition of the RCA particles. Moreover, the DRI was able to capture the “past” and “secondary” induced expansion and damage of affected RCA while the SDT only detected the “secondary” distress development. Lastly, an adapted version of the DRI was proposed to further evaluate the overall damage of recycled concrete along with properly displaying “past” and “secondary” induced distress.
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Copeland, Timothy. "An Evaluation of Relative Weight as an Indicator of Body Composition and Nutritional Status in Wild Fish." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29993.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Condition indices are widely used to generate biological insight. However, purported relationships to indices are imprecise or inconsistent in the wild. I investigated factors influencing relative weight (Wr), a condition index commonly applied to fish.
I first examined the relationship of Wr to physiology in two bluegill Lepomis macrochirus populations over a year. I regressed tissue composition (percentages of lipid, protein and water) and organ indices (liver-, gonad-, and viscerosomatic indices) on Wr. The regression model had little explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.14). Lipid was most influential (partial R2 = 0.11), but correlation strength fluctuated by season and population.
To test the generality of these results, I performed a similar regression on a bluegill population with higher average Wr. Again, variables were not well correlated to Wr (adjusted R2 = 0.13). Combining comparable data sets increased Wr range 64% but explanatory power was low (adjusted R2 = 0.41) Both studies showed that expected correlations of physiological variables to Wr can be confounded in natural environments.
To examine differences between natural and laboratory environments, I manipulated initial Wr and ration of juvenile bluegills. Although organ indices and tissue composition of all groups changed in time ((Wilksâ Î > 0.387, P > 0.03), no temporal pattern matched to Wr. At termination, all variables showed high correlations to Wr (r2 > 0.64). Correlation strength increased with time in the laboratory. Both ration and environment influenced correlations.
Lastly, I examined differences in interpretation of Wr for chain pickerels Esox niger, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Regression models were compared to concurrent bluegill models. Piscivore models fit well (adjusted R2 > 0.50), whereas bluegill models had the lowest explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.13 and 0.14). Ecological specialization affected correlations to Wr.
Theoretically, condition index values are determined by resource acquisition versus expenditure. Exact physiological expression is determined by life history and performance. Condition indices are imprecise predictors but track net somatic investment with great generality. Ancillary data, such as growth or length-at-maturity, may clarify interpretation. Condition indices should be used as qualitative monitoring tools, not omnibus physiological predictors.Ph. D.
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Fogelson, Susan B. "Effects of anoxia of histology, bacteriology, condition index, glycogen levels, and fecundity in the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica." Auburn, Ala, 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/fogelson_susan_26.pdf.
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Caravedo, Joan. "Truth and Liberty in Kierkegaard." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes an introduction to the Kierkegaardian relation between freedom and truth. In order to do this, mainly paying attention to his Philosophical Fragments, it begins with the Socratic problem of acquiring truth. After this, it focuses on truth as the fruit of God’s free love, whence emerges the topic of freedom. Finally, this theme leads to the Kierkegaardian account of becoming, and specifically to the relation between possibility and reality. Throughout this exposition, the central concept that articulates this itinerary is the “instant”, understanding it as the point of convergence between the eternal and the temporal, stressing the paradox therein.El texto propone una aproximación introductoria a la relación entre libertad y verdad. Para lograr esto seguirá una ruta, amparada fundamentalmente en el texto de Kierkegaard Migajas filosóficas, que comenzará con el problema socrático en torno a la adquisición de la verdad, pasando a considerar la dación de la verdad fruto del amor gratuito de Dios, desde el cual habrá de emerger el tema de la libertad que, por último, terminará por conducirnos a la explicación kierkegaardiana del devenir y, específicamente, al tema de la relación entre posibilidad y realidad. En esta exposición, el concepto que procurará articular todo nuestro recorrido será el de instante, entendiendo este como punto de confluencia entre lo eterno y lo temporal y resaltando la paradoja aquí implicada.
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Burkett, Jason Lee. "BENCHMARK STUDIES FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING USING ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MODELS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The latest bridge inventory report for the United States indicates that 25% of the highway bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. With such a large number of bridges in this condition, safety and serviceability concerns become increasingly relevant along with the associated increase in user costs and delays. Biennial inspections have proven subjective and need to be coupled with standardized non-destructive testing methods to accurately assess a bridge's condition for decision making purposes. Structural health monitoring is typically used to track and evaluate performance, symptoms of operational incidents, anomalies due to deterioration and damage during regular operation as well as after an extreme event. Dynamic testing and analysis are concepts widely used for health monitoring of existing structures. Successful health monitoring applications on real structures can be achieved by integrating experimental, analytical and information technologies on real life, operating structures. Real-life investigations must be backed up by laboratory benchmark studies. In addition, laboratory benchmark studies are critical for validating theory, concepts, and new technologies as well as creating a collaborative environment between different researchers. To implement structural health monitoring methods and technologies, a physical bridge model was developed in the UCF structures laboratory as part of this thesis research. In this study, the development and testing of the bridge model are discussed after a literature review of physical models. Different aspects of model development, with respect to the physical bridge model are outlined in terms of design considerations, instrumentation, finite element modeling, and simulating damage scenarios. Examples of promising damage detection methods were evaluated for common damage scenarios simulated on the numerical and physical models. These promising damage indices were applied and directly compared for the same experimental and numerical tests. To assess the simulated damage, indices such as modal flexibility and curvature were applied using mechanics and structural dynamics theory. Damage indices based on modal flexibility were observed to be promising as one of the primary indicators of damage that can be monitored over the service life of a structure. Finally, this thesis study will serve an international effort that has been initiated to explore bridge health monitoring methodologies under the auspices of International Association for Bridge Maintenance and Safety (IABMAS). The data generated in this thesis research will be made available to researchers as well as practitioners in the broad field of structural health monitoring through several national and international societies, associations and committees such as American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Dynamics Committee, and the newly formed ASCE Structural Health Monitoring and Control Committee.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Verhoeven, Jack George. "Framework for Rating Roadway Assets at the Corridor Level." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The United States relies on its vast network of roadways to transport people, goods, and services across the nation. These roads need to be maintained to an acceptable level in order to effectively provide a safe, reliable, and efficient road. The use of infrastructure management systems (IMS) has aided in keeping an inventory of existing roads, identifying assets in need of repair, and assisting in allocating funds for maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation.
The current practice in the United States has shown a lack of consistency in the way assets are rated in each state. Individual states have employed their own methodology for rating each asset type. This makes comparison of assets between states difficult. Several methods in use have provided a way to effectively rate an asset, but no method exists that can be used to compare ratings in different states.
To successfully maintain the network of roads across the United States, a method to assess assets between states is necessary. Consistency between states in their data collection, rating calculation, and rating reporting are all necessary to identify poor sections of roadway. Another useful reporting item will be a condition rating of all the assets contained within a corridor. A corridor is a series of travel routes which move people between two major points of interest.
By analyzing corridor level condition ratings, it will be possible to examine the overall condition of all the corridor sections across the nation and identify sections that need assistance in raising their condition.
The objective of this thesis was to develop a framework for rating assets at the corridor level. The framework was developed to be applied to any asset contained within a roadway and allow the combination of individual asset ratings into a single corridor rating. The final methodology not only reports the overall corridor condition, but the functional and structural health of each individual asset, the rating of all of an asset type within a corridor, and performance indicators for individual items on a single asset.
The methodology was tested using data provided by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to test if the methodology would produce ratings similar to those in use. For the application methods were developed for two major roadway assets; pavements and bridges.
The product of this thesis is a general framework which can be applied to roadway corridors to assess the overall condition of all the assets contained within the corridorâ s boundaries. It can be used in conjunction with an IMS to help improve and maintain the overall condition of the roads, which are critical to the United States. Without unification of condition rating methods into a single method it will never be possible to compare assets from every state in the nation.
Master of Science
31
Valdez, Zamudio Diego. "Application of Computer Modeling in Buffelgrass Pastures Studies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pastures established using buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) have shown heterogeneous responses in terms of forage production and permanence. A good alternative for determining establishment sites and predict trends in buffelgrass conditions is the use of simulation models. The objectives of this research were to determine the factors that regulate successfulness in buffelgrass pastures and to develop a model to determine suitability in areas managed for buffelgrass pastures, based on environmental, ecological, and management variables. Above ground biomass production was considered to determine suitability in sites with buffelgrass. Eight ranches with different geographic locations, environmental situations, and management conditions were sampled as preliminary study sites to measure and model plant production. The resulting model was used to estimate plant production in the 37 sampling sites of the study areas. Results of the study indicate that basal area is a good modeling parameter to estimate production in buffelgrass plants. I also found that plant production in buffelgrass is negatively affected by population density. I concluded that there exist a positive correlation between pasture management and buffelgrass plant production. Correlation analyses demonstrate that there exist significant correlations between Pasture Condition Index (PCI) and mean annual temperatures, aspect, pasture age, nitrogen and sodium content. However, after performing stepwise regressions, only three variables were significant: pasture age (PA), nitrogen content (N2), and mean annual temperature (MAT); the last two, produce a negative response on PCI.
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Persson, Martin. "Changes in condition of herring (Clupea harengus) in Swedish coastal waters." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The condition of the herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea has decreased during the past 30-40 years. This decrease could be explained by different factors; (1) change in diet due to changes in zooplankton community, (2) changes in water temperature and salinity, (3) increasing nutrient inputs and (4) competition for food with other species such as sprat (Sprattus sprattus). In this study the change in condition was analysed using the Fulton’s condition index, and by looking at age and sex of the fish as well as the season and locationthe fish was caught, the differences between these factors were presented. Data from the national Swedish contaminant monitoring programme where used from four locations in the Baltic Sea and two locations at the Swedish West coast. The data was analysed using multiple regressions in R Commander. The result show that the condition, and the temporal trends in condition value, varies at different locations, with higher condition values and increasing temporal trends at the Swedish West coast, compared to the Baltic Sea with lower condition values and where three of four locations show decreasing temporal trends. The condition varied between spring and autumn caught herring as well, while age and sex showed less significant differences.
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Bingham, Joel D. "Metric Selection to Establish a Condition Gradient Between Natural and Impaired Northeast Ohio Headwater Stream Systems as a Basis for Evaluation of Restoration Performance." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1431069188.
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Cjuro, Vera Cinthia Mirella. "The Compliance with the Resolutory Condition as a Causal Valid of Extinction in the Work Contracts with an Indefinite Term: Temporary Indefinite Contracts?" Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, the author analyses whether Peruvian labor law permit the incorporation of a resolutive condition in undetermined contracts of employment. To do so, the author annotates a particular case of Peru, as well as some judgments of the Spanish Court of Justice.En el presente artículo, la autora analiza si a la luz de las normas laborales que regulan las causales de extinción de los contratos de trabajo, es posible que las partes puedan incorporar válidamente una condición resolutoria en contratos a plazo indeterminado. Para ello, comenta un caso particular peruano, así como algunos pronunciamientos del Tribunal Supremo español.
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Drougas, Ioannis. "Rate allocation in distributed stream processing systems." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1663077971&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268240766&clientId=48051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2008.Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 10, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98). Also issued in print.
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Sjöberg, Oskar. "The Origin of Streams : Stream cartography in Swiss pre alpine headwater." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Temporary streams have received undeservedly little scientific attention and as a result their role in hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological processes is not yet fully understood. The ultimate goal of the research was to gain a better understanding of the temporary stream network and the processes that control it and determine how the active and connected stream length change with catchment wetness conditions to find simple methods to map seasonal and event-based changes in temporary flowing stream networks. Streams, springs and wetlands of four relatively small headwater catchments (11.7 – 25.3 km2) and one wetland in the steep and remote Zwäckentobel catchment in Alptal, canton Schwyz (Switzerland), were mapped and stream segments were classified by flow type during different weather conditions using direct observations. The mapping was performed by an elite orienteer with mapping experience. The variation in streamflow was analysed and related to the catchment wetness and topography using the TWI-values and the upslope accumulated area of the stream segments. As the catchments wetted up in response to fall rainfall events after a dry summer the flowing stream density increased up to five times and the connected stream density increased up to six times with a 150-fold increase in discharge. Also the number of flowing stream heads increased up to ten times. The best description of the pattern of stream expansion is a combination of the variable source area and the element threshold concepts, where surface topography, particularly TWI (Topographic Wetness Index) and upslope accumulated area (A), and local storage areas controls where streamflow is initiated and how flow in different stream segments connects. Streams in the Alptal show a seasonally bottom up or disjointed connection pattern. Mapping the temporary streams in steep and remote watersheds as a function of hydrological conditions is not an easy task. It is however necessary in order to fully understand where water is flowing or not. A combination of field observations with monitoring equipment can facilitate this extensive work by providing a more detailed temporal resolution.
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Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang, Boris Sternin, and Anton Savin. "The homotopy classification and the index of boundary value problems for general elliptic operators." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2556/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We give the homotopy classification and compute the index of boundary value problems for elliptic equations. The classical case of operators that satisfy the Atiyah-Bott condition is studied first. We also consider the general case of boundary value problems for operators that do not necessarily satisfy the Atiyah-Bott condition.
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Stewart, Helena K. "Peat's secret archive : interpreting the geochemical and palaeodust record from Scottish peat as a potential index of North Atlantic storminess and Holocene climate change." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24811.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four continuous high-resolution peat records for the Holocene have been reconstructed across a ~300km transect from Shebster in Caithness to Yell in the Shetland Isles. These records describe the nature and extent of North Atlantic climate changes inferred from indicators of storminess and minerogenic aeolian dust, and are supported by radiogenic isotope analysis, tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating. The environmental changes at all four sites displays a significant degree of synchrony in response to changes in the position of the polar front jet (PFJ) stream and the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Bromine concentrations in the peat, derived from sea spray, are used to reconstruct storm frequency and storm intensity, and mire surface wetness is used as an indicator of longer-term climate shifts. The results suggest a strong link between positive phases of the NAO and storminess. Subtle differences between the bromine concentrations and the mire surface wetness suggest that high intensity but perhaps less frequent periods of storminess are not necessarily associated with a wetter climate. Atmospheric minerogenic dust concentrations are used to reconstruct large-scale climate changes across the wider North Atlantic region. The results suggest a sympathy between dust activity and periods of glacial advance and a negative index of the NAO. Radiogenic isotope analysis suggests that the smallest particles may originate from Iceland.
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Ehsan, Ghaffari. "Conditioning the Supply Chain in a Fast Moving Consumer Goods Business : Using value stream mapping to visualise, condition, manage information and product flow in Oriflame." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oriflame, since it was founded in Sweden in 1967 has become a major player in the cosmetics industry. The impressive annual growth of 17% that Oriflame has had in the last 17 years requires evidently a lot from the supply processes. It has been shown that the current set‐up and the countermeasures at hand do not provide a sustainable business model i.e. having a balance between service level and inventory level. The purpose of this thesis is to propose to Oriflame actions that need to be taken to manage their supply issues. This is to be achieved by recommending a process and appropriate tools for reviewing and conditioning the supply chain. As Oriflame is striving to become the number one direct selling beauty company, is there anything that can be learned from the Toyota Production System (TPS) philosophy to become a leaner enterprise? During recent years more and more companies have seen the benefits of Lean Thinking mostly through the success of Toyota. The concept of a lean enterprise has become a journey to ensure reduction of waste, cost, lead‐time and at the same time increasing efficiency and value added activities.The path to lean can be divided in five different steps: define value, the value stream, create flow, pull and perfection. The value for Oriflame is motivation of its sales consultants but little is known about constraints in the value stream which is the second step towards lean. To be able to propose and develop a process and appropriate tools for reviewing and conditioning the Supply chain three case studies have been completed and evaluated. These cases show that Oriflame, apart from poor forecasting, slow information and product flow also have to deal with a range of constraints in the value stream. Demand fluctuations combined with limited capacity, long lead‐times and high minimum order quantities cause shortages, excess and result in the bullwhip effect. Inherited supply chain processes have been proven redundant due to current business growth and complexity. In order to ensure that the right product is at the right place at the right time it is crucial that knowledge exists of how the value stream looks for the products offered in each catalogue. By creating value stream maps to visualise the value stream Oriflame will be able to be proactive interms of eliminating waste and foresee potential issues. By improving the information flow and reducing batch sizes and thereby reducing cycle time Oriflamewill take a major step towards achieving its targets of reduced inventory and increased service levels. Improved information flow could be a more frequent planning cycle or establishment of partnerships with suppliers. Oriflame has to start understanding, conditioning and controlling the supply chain. To understand the complexity of the supply chain for a specific product or range, value stream maps have to be created to visualise the actions, steps, processes that in the end result in finish goods delivered to end customer. Although Oriflame have a long way to go before being considered lean and flexible, it has to its advantage exceptional people that work according to the company philosophy. There are also clear company values and operating principles. All these factors are in line with the Toyota operating principles and the most important operating principle is to create a learning organisation that reflects and improves continuously. In this sense Oriflame has already come a long way.
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Mosley, David Glen. "The Hierarchical Condition Category Model - an Improved Comorbidity Adjustment Tool for Predicting Mortality in Medicare Populations?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311559.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Morbidity, defined as disease history, is an important and well-known confounder in epidemiologic studies. Numerous methods have been developed over the last 30 years to measure morbidity via valid and reliable processes. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the current study was to evaluate, via comparative predictive validity assessment, the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Studies Hierarchical Condition Category (CMS-HCC) comorbidity model for its ability to improve the prediction of 12-month all-cause mortality among a Medicare population compared to previously published comorbidity index models. There were three specific aims: (1) challenge the current state of risk adjustment among aged populations via an evaluation of the comparative predictive validity of one novel and four existing models to predict all-cause mortality within 12 months among a heterogeneous population of Medicare beneficiaries; (2) Investigate the comparative predictive validity of the five models to predict all-cause mortality within 12 months among two homogenous populations diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and selected cancers, including prostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, pancreas cancer, and endometrial cancer; and (3) measure each comorbidity model's ability to control for a known example of confounding by indication. METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was used for all specific aims. Study 1 included 257,641 Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in three Medicare Advantage prescription drug health plans in Alabama, Florida, or Ohio in 2010 and 2011. Study 2 limited analysis to 14,260 and 66,440 beneficiaries with administrative evidence of selected cancers or ischemic heart disease in 2010, respectively. Study 3 limited analysis to the beneficiaries with ischemic heart disease. For each participant, comorbidity risk scores for the following five models were generated using administrative data from 2010: an age/sex model, the Romano adaption of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) model, the Putnam adaptation of the Chronic Disease Score Model (CDS), the CMS version of the Hierarchical Condition Category (CMS-HCC) model, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) adaptation of the Elixhauser model. The prospective predictive validity of the models to predict all-cause mortality during 2011 was compared via the c statistic test. Participants with ischemic heart disease were randomly allocated retrospectively to either 1) a group that had "received" a hypothetical "Drug A" in 2010 or 2) a group that had "received" a hypothetical "Drug B" in 2010. In order to evaluate the impact of confounding by indication, a weighting factor was applied to the randomization process in order to force the 33,220 participants randomized to "Drug A" to have a 2.736 times higher likelihood of having at least one acute inpatient hospitalization in 2010. Each comorbidity model's ability to control for the contrived confounding by indication was evaluated via relative risk of death. RESULTS: The CMS-HCC model had statistically significant higher c-statistic values than all four existing comorbidity indices among the heterogeneous Medicare Advantage population (N=257,641) and the homogeneous populations with breast cancer (N=4,160) and prostate cancer (N=6,594). The CMS-HCC model displayed similar performance for lung cancer (N=1,384), colorectal cancer (N=1,738), endometrial cancer (N=232), and ischemic heart disease (N=66,640) and statistically significant lower performance for pancreas cancer (N=152). The log-transformed CMS-HCC model was the only model to generate a non-significant association between exposure to "Drug A" and subsequent mortality. CONCLUSION: In general, the CMS-HCC model is the preferred comorbidity measure due to its predictive performance. However, other comorbidity models may be optimal for diseases with low prevalence and/or high mortality. Researchers should carefully and thoughtfully select a comorbidity model to assess the existence and direction of confounding. The CMS-HCC model should be log-transformed when used as a dependent variable since the score is a ratio level measurement that displays a normal distribution when log transformed. The resulting score is less likely to violate the assumptions (i.e. violations of normality) of common statistical models due to extreme values. The national availability of CMS-HCC scores for all Medicare beneficiaries provides researchers with access to a new tool to measure co-morbidity among older Americans using an empirically weighted, single score. In terms of policy, it is recommended that CMS produce CMS-HCC scores for all Medicare beneficiaries on a rolling 12 month basis for each month during the year. The availability of monthly scores would increase the ease of use of the score, as well as help facilitate more rapid adoption of the tool.
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Lindovská, Kristýna. "Optimalizace procesů ve společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The diploma thesis is focused on optimization of working processes in Witzenmann Opava by using Value Stream Map. The aim of the thesis is on a basis current status of value stram propose to suitable actions and draw them into new value stream map. The thesis is devided into three parts – theoretical, analytical and proposal part. In the first part of the thesis are compiled theoretical knowledge about lean management sphere, tools for elimination of wastings and theory about mapping value stream by using VSM. Analytical part is deal with characterictic of company Witzenmann Opava, its internal and external factors of developments and implementation of lean production. In this part there is also characteristic of choosed product. Proposal part is deal with value stream analysis of choosed product and specific actions to reduce wasting and getting production more effective with the help of lean production methods.
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Morse, Cody. "Quantifying the Environmental Performance of a Stream Habitat Improvement Project." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1972.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
River restoration projects are being installed worldwide to rehabilitate degraded river habitat. Many of these projects focus on stream habitat improvement (SHI), and an estimated 60%of the 37,000 projects listed in the National River Restoration Science Synthesis Program focus on SHI for salmon and trout species. These projects frequently lack a sufficient monitoring program or account for the environmental costs associated with SHI. The present study used life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques and topographic effectiveness monitoring to quantify environmental costs on the basis of geomorphic change. This methodology was a novel approach to assessing the cost-benefit relationship of SHI. To test this methodology, two phases of the Lower Scotts Creek Floodplain and Habitat Enhancement Project (LSCR) were used as a case study. The LSCR was a SHI project installed along the northern coast of Santa Cruz County, California, USA. A limited scope LCA was used to quantify the life cycle impacts of raw material production, materials transportation, and on-site construction. Once these baseline results were produced, a topographic monitoring program was used to quantify the topographic diversity index (TDI) in pre- and post-project conditions. The TDI percent change was used to scale the baseline LCA results, which quantified the environmental impacts based on geomorphic change. Phase II outperformed phase I. Phase I had greater cumulative environmental impacts and experienced a 7.7 % TDI increase from pre- to post-project conditions. Phase II had 43% less cumulative environmental impacts and experienced a 7.9% TDI increase from pre- to post-project conditions. The impacts in phase I were greater because of the amount of material excavated to create off-channel features, which were a key feature of the LSCR. A scenario analysis also was conducted within the LCA component of this study. The scenario analysis suggests that life cycle impacts could be reduced by 30%-65% by using the accelerated recruitment method in place of importing materials to build large wood complexes. The results of this study suggest that managers may improve the environmental performance of SHI projects by: (1) using the accelerated recruitment method to introduce larger key pieces to the channel, reducing the need to import materials; (2) using nursery grown plants as opposed to excavating plants for revegetation; (3) minimizing fuel combustion in heavy equipment and haul trucks by ensuring clear access to the channel and streambank, using small engine equipment to clear access corridors during site preparation, running more fuel-efficient machinery or bio-fuel powered machinery, and by attempting to minimize haul distances by sourcing materials locally; and (4) utilizing a “franken-log” design (a ballasted LWC configuration with a rootwad fastened to the downstream end of a log) in LWCs which led to favorable TDI change. This study concluded that LCA could be a valuable tool for monitoring SHI and river restoration projects and that further research of the TDI analysis is justified.
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Zhang, Chi. "A Comparison among Three Bridge Performance Measures for Allocating Funds." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1525735529560811.
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Rogers, Mark Richard. "The Assessment of Stream Discharge Models for an Environmental Monitoring Site on the Virginia Tech Campus." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Spring of 2012, hydraulic data was collected to calibrate three types of discharge models: stage-discharge, single-regression and multi-regression index velocity models. Unsteady flow conditions were observed at the site (â H/â t = 0.75 cm/min), but the data did not indicate hysteresis nor variable backwater effects on the stage-discharge relation. Furthermore, when corrected with a datum offset (α) value of -0.455, the stage-discharge relation r2 was equal to 0.98. While the multiple regression index velocity models also showed high correlation (r2 = 0.98) values, high noise levels of the parameter index velocity (Vi) complicated their use for the determination of discharge. Because of its reliability, low variance and accessibility to students, the stage-discharge model [Q = 5.459(H-0.455)^2.487] was selected as the model to determine discharge in real-time for LEWAS. Caution should be used, however, when applying the equation to stages above 1.0m. The selected discharge model was applied to ADCP stage (H) data collected during three runoff events in July 2012. Other LEWAS models showed similar discharge values (coefficient of variation = 0.14) while the on-site weir also produced similar discharge values. Precipitation estimates for July 19 and 24 rain events over the Webb Branch watershed were derived from IDW interpolated rain data and rainfall-runoff analyses from this data yielded an average ratio of 0.23, low for the urbanized watershed. However, since the three LEWAS models were very similar, and the on-site weir showed a lower value to LEWAS, it was concluded that any error in the ratio would be attributed to the precipitation estimate, and not the discharge models developed in this study.Master of Science
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Oates, Mark. "Observations of Gonad Structure and Gametogenic Timing in a Recovering Population of Ostrea lurida (Carpenter 1864)." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From January 2012 to December 2012 I collected adult oysters from two intertidal populations on a monthly basis in the Coos Bay estuary, Oregon for histological analysis of their gonads. Gametogenesis and spawning occur seasonally from May through September, when water temperatures exceed 14.5° C, with brooding oysters found from July through September. Oocyte diameters increased significantly from May to June, and from June to July within oyster populations at Haynes Inlet and Coalbank Slough, respectively. Male gametogenesis initiated in May at Haynes Inlet and in June at Coalbank Slough. Dry meat condition values increased significantly during periods of reproduction and decreased following the reproductive season's end. Condition index values for Coalbank Slough were consistently lower than those at Haynes Inlet, suggesting poor nutrition or physiological stress. Salinities below recorded physiological thresholds are believed to be the primary environmental factor influencing the discrepancy in reproductive activity at Coalbank Slough.
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Blackmore, Paul David. "Degradation of polymeric outdoor high voltage insulation : surface discharge phenomena and condition assessment techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.
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Zhuang, Yuchen. "Risk, return and market condition: a new functional-beta capital asset pricing model." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this research, we will focus on investigating the relationship between risk and return. We will propose a new model which leads to a more sensible approach to modelling the relationship between risk and return under different market conditions. It is an extension of the traditional single-index capital asset pricing model (CAPM) which reads as: The return R[subscript]i on individual Security i can be decomposed into the specific return α[subscript]I + ε[subscript]i (expected specific return α[subscript]i and random specific return ε[subscript]i) and the systematic return β[subscript]iR[subscript]m owing to the common market return R[subscript]m.In our new model, we suggest a functional-beta single-index CAPM, extending the work of three-beta CAPM (Galagedera and Faff, 2004) that takes into account the condition of market volatility. Differently from the three-beta CAPM, we allow β[subscript]i changing functionally with the market volatility σ[subscript]m, which is more flexible and adaptable to the changing structure of financial systems. The main contributions of this thesis are summarised as follows:• A new functional-beta CAPM, taking into account the conditions of market volatility, is proposed under the framework of widely applicable data generating processes of near epoch dependence (NED).• A semi-parametric estimation procedure based on least squares local linear modelling technique under NED is suggested with the large sample distributions of the estimators established.• Simulation study is fully made, illustrating that the suggested estimation procedure for the proposed functional-beta CAPM under near epoch dependence can work well. It provides reasonable estimates of the functional beta in the condition of moderate market volatility.• By using a set of stocks data sets collected from Australian stock market in the past ten years, empirical evidences of the functional-beta CAPM in Australia are carefully examined under both nonparametric and parametric model structures. Differently from the three- or multi-beta (constant) CAPM in Galagedera and Faff (2005), our new findings show that the functional beta can be reasonably parameterized as threshold (regime-switching) linear functions of market volatility with two or three regimes of market condition. In the condition of extreme market volatility, a threshold functional-beta CAPM is suggested.The CAPM provides a usable measure of risk that helps investors determine what return they deserve for putting their money at risk. Our new model is no doubt helpful to better understand the relationship between risk and return under different market conditions. It can be potentially applied widely, for example, it may be useful both for market investors and financial risk managers in their investment/management decision-making.
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Wong, Mu-Han, and 翁慕涵. "Feasibility of Applying Index of Stream Condition (ISC) on Torrents in Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13958379004831208076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
97
There are many kinds of assessments on ecological habitat of stream due to the different regions and localities. This study targeted at torrents, which have less contamination and more ecological potential restoration comparing with downstream ones and chose Index of Stream Condition, developed by the State of Victoria in Austria, which is included in physical, chemical and botanical indexes and easier use for engineers, especially. In which, The Aquatic Life Sub-index is modified by this study and is represented by fish species. By Stepwise Regression Analysis in Multiple Regression Analysis, the prominent habitat factors could be depth, area, volume , substrate diversity, pH , electrical conductivity and elevation as well as the relationship between these factors and fish length and its density. The result of statistic analysis showed that the relation between these prominent factors and the variety of body length and density of endemic fish species are significant. According to this result, the assessment of Aquatic Life Sub-index was modified for torrents in Taiwan. Ten torrents in Taiwan were assessed by the modified method, and the results were compared with Tsai’s one (2006). The comparison showed that the modified method by this study reflect the better result than Tsai’s one. And, the modified method can avoid rejecting the ecological conditions of torrents totally as no finding endemic fish species. Moreover, the investigation time and its frequency could be setup in each season in March, June, September and December. Besides, the criteria of Index of Stream Condition on torrents in Taiwan could be 31. In which, the index below 31 represents the worse habitat for endemic fish species while above 31 represents a better condition.
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ming, Chou Cheng, and 周正明. "The evaluation process of ecological engineering method by index of stream condition." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04224097453905435885.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
90
Department of Nature Resources and Environment (Australia) publish the Index of Stream Condition in the 1997 and the second published in 1999. The ISC is used in the filed management. I use it to be a way to evaluation on the ecological engineering process. The indexes will trans into the way to decide which place is suite, how to concept in the site and how to check the engineering. This study provides a process but not guide line. The Index of Stream Condition include five parts: Hydrology、Physical from、Streamside Zone、Water quality and Aquatic life. These indexes include many specialties such civil engineering, hydrology engineering, environment engineering and biological. We use Da-Kao stream to be a case to proof the hypothesis. The conclusions are： 1. Establish a process to evaluation ecological engineering. 2. We use this indexes to make a process in plan, design, construction and maintain. 3. The land use often cause to the low scores. If we want to make the ecological engineering successful, we have to control the land use.
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Tsai, Chi-Chang, and 蔡奇璋. "Examining the Suitability of Applying Index of Stream Condition(ISC) to Torrents Managed for Debris Flows." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62143522021635186530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
94
The purpose of this research is to assess the suitability of using Index of Stream Condition (ISC), developed by the State of Victoria in Australia, in managing debris flows at seven torrents in Taiwan. This research also provides recommendations about the establishment of local stream condition assessment models in the future. The results demonstrate that the number of Hydrology Sub-index was lower than normal. It did not mean that the stream conditions were bad, since natural topographies and climates did have an impact on it. Thus, standards for grading are modified to better reflect local conditions. This research also shows that it is not appropriate to utilize the impact of artificial barrier as an indicator in Taiwan because fish survived well even though corridors had been blocked. Therefore, the existence of fish is used in this research as the standard for assessment. It was also not able to evaluate the condition of instream physical habitat on torrents in which flow changes dramatically between rain and dry seasons, and thus this evaluation is modified according to flow conditions in rain and dry seasons. The assessment of native and non-native vegetation under the Streamside Zone Sub-index is difficult and unnecessary, thus it is not conducted in this research; the consistency and width of vegetation is assessed. Due to the actual conditions of debris flow in Taiwan, the total phosphorus and electrical conductivity are not assessed, and instead of assessing the turbidity, the amount of total suspended solids is evaluated. The research maintains the test of alkaline and acidity, and adds an assessment of water temperature. Aquatic Life Sub-index is modified to address the conditions of local endangered as well as endemic fish species.