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Статті в журналах з теми "Incompatibility system"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 травня 2024

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1

Rashid, Abdul, and Peter A. Peterson. "The RSS system of unidirectional cross-incompatibility in maize. 2. Cytology." Genome 35, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-083.

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In 1975, a number of genetic lines discovered in our maize genetics nursery in Ames, Iowa, showed unidirectional cross-incompatibility. Later, it was found that this unidirectional cross-incompatibility is controlled by three recessive genes. One locus (cif) controls the incompatibility reaction in the female tissue and the other two (cim1 and cim2) control the incompatibility reaction in the pollen grain. The cross is incompatible only when the female parent is homozygous recessive for the cif and the male parent is homozygously recessive for the cim1 as well as the cim2 locus. Cytological studies of this unidirectional cross-incompatibility show that the site of the incompatibility reaction occurs after the entry of the pollen tubes into the transmitting tract of the incompatible silks. Between 12 and 24 h after pollination, the incompatible pollination is characterized by the swelling and bursting of pollen tubes at the tip, after which pollen tube growth stops.Key words: maize, pollen tube, cross-incompatibility.

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2

Paoletti, M., and C. Clavé. "The Fungus-Specific HET Domain Mediates Programmed Cell Death in Podospora anserina." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 11 (September 14, 2007): 2001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00129-07.

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ABSTRACT Vegetative incompatibility is a programmed cell death reaction that occurs when fungal cells of unlike genotypes fuse. Genes defining vegetative incompatibility (het genes) are highly polymorphic, and most if not all incompatibility systems include a protein partner bearing the fungus-specific domain termed the HET domain. The nonallelic het-C/het-E incompatibility system is the best-characterized incompatibility system in Podospora anserina. Cell death is triggered by interaction of specific alleles of het-C, encoding a glycolipid transfer protein, and het-E, encoding a HET domain and a WD repeat domain involved in recognition. We show here that overexpression of the isolated HET domain from het-E results in cell death. This cell death is characterized by induction of autophagy, increased vacuolization, septation, and production of lipid droplets, which are hallmarks of cell death by incompatibility. In addition, the HET domain lethality is suppressed by the same mutations as vegetative incompatibility, but not by the inactivation of het-C. These results establish the HET domain as the mediator of cell death by incompatibility and lead to a modular conception of incompatibility systems whereby recognition is ensured by the variable regions of incompatibility proteins and cell death is triggered by the HET domain.

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3

Uyenoyama, M. K. "On the evolution of genetic incompatibility systems. VI. A three-locus modifier model for the origin of gametophytic self-incompatibility." Genetics 128, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.2.453.

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Abstract Recent genetic analyses have demonstrated that self-incompatibility in flowering plants derives from the coordinated expression of a system of loci. To address the selective mechanisms through which a genetic system of this kind evolves, I present a three-locus model for the origin of gametophytic self-incompatibility. Conventional models assume that a single locus encodes all physiological effects associated with self-incompatibility and that the viability of offspring depends only on whether they were derived by selfing or outcrossing. My model explicitly represents the genetic determination of offspring viability by a locus subject to symmetrically overdominant selection. Initially, the level of expression of the proto-S locus is insufficient to induce self-incompatibility. Weak gametophytic self-incompatibility arises upon the introduction of a rare allele at an unlinked modifier locus which enhances the expression of the proto-S locus. While conventional models predict that the origin of self-incompatibility requires at least two- to threefold levels of inbreeding depression, I find that the comparatively low levels of inbreeding depression generated by a single overdominant locus can ensure the invasion of an enhancer of self-incompatibility under sufficiently high rates of receipt of self-pollen. Associations among components of the incompatibility system promote the origin of self-incompatibility. Enhancement of heterozygosity at the initially neutral proto-S locus improves offspring viability through associative overdominance. Further, the modifier that enhances the expression of self-incompatibility develops a direct association with heterozygosity at the overdominant viability locus. These results suggest that the evolutionary processes by which incompatibility systems originate may differ significantly from those associated with their breakdown. The genetic mechanism explored here may apply to the evolution of other systems that restrict reproduction, including maternal-fetal incompatibility in mammals.

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4

Gabrielov, A., V. Keilis-Borok, and D. D. Jackson. "Geometric incompatibility in a fault system." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93, no. 9 (April 30, 1996): 3838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.9.3838.

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5

Saupe, Sven J. "Molecular Genetics of Heterokaryon Incompatibility in Filamentous Ascomycetes." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.64.3.489-502.2000.

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SUMMARY Filamentous fungi spontaneously undergo vegetative cell fusion events within but also between individuals. These cell fusions (anastomoses) lead to cytoplasmic mixing and to the formation of vegetative heterokaryons (i.e., cells containing different nuclear types). The viability of these heterokaryons is genetically controlled by specific loci termed het loci (for heterokaryon incompatibility). Heterokaryotic cells formed between individuals of unlike het genotypes undergo a characteristic cell death reaction or else are severely inhibited in their growth. The biological significance of this phenomenon remains a puzzle. Heterokaryon incompatibility genes have been proposed to represent a vegetative self/nonself recognition system preventing heterokaryon formation between unlike individuals to limit horizontal transfer of cytoplasmic infectious elements. Molecular characterization of het genes and of genes participating in the incompatibility reaction has been achieved for two ascomycetes, Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina. These analyses have shown that het genes are diverse in sequence and do not belong to a gene family and that at least some of them perform cellular functions in addition to their role in incompatibility. Divergence between the different allelic forms of a het gene is generally extensive, but single-amino-acid differences can be sufficient to trigger incompatibility. In some instances het gene evolution appears to be driven by positive selection, which suggests that the het genes indeed represent recognition systems. However, work on nonallelic incompatibility systems in P. anserina suggests that incompatibility might represent an accidental activation of a cellular system controlling adaptation to starvation.

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6

Kemp, R. F. O. "Incompatibility in basidiomycetes: The heterogenic Pentax." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52, no. 1 (March 1995): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600001931.

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A heterogenic system of incompatibility is described in Coprinus bisporus which involves two alleles at two loci, in addition to the unifactorial homogenic incompatibility locus already described for this two-spored species. The patterns of non-allelic heterogenic incompatibility found in C. bisporus are used to predict those expected in species with bifactorial homogenic incompatibility. This type of heterogenic incompatibility could lead to speciation.

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7

Leppäjärvi, Leevi, and Michal Sedlák. "Incompatibility of quantum instruments." Quantum 8 (February 12, 2024): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-02-12-1246.

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Quantum instruments describe outcome probability as well as state change induced by measurement of a quantum system. Incompatibility of two instruments, i. e. the impossibility to realize them simultaneously on a given quantum system, generalizes incompatibility of channels and incompatibility of positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). We derive implications of instrument compatibility for the induced POVMs and channels. We also study relation of instrument compatibility to the concept of non-disturbance. Finally, we prove equivalence between instrument compatibility and postprocessing of certain instruments, which we term complementary instruments. We illustrate our findings on examples of various classes of instruments.

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8

KIM, KYUNGMEE O., and WAY KUO. "TWO-LEVEL BURN-IN FOR RELIABILITY AND ECONOMY IN REPAIRABLE SERIES SYSTEMS HAVING INCOMPATIBILITY." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 11, no. 03 (September 2004): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539304001464.

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When a system is assembled from components, incompatibility often occurs as a result of the assembly process. The ability to quantify incompatibility is very important for making burn-in decisions because the goal of system burn-in is to minimize the incompatibility factor. In the past, incompatibility has been only partially represented in the system prediction models because it was assumed that assembly had no effect on the components. This paper presents a more accurate model for system prediction by allowing for the possibility that, in some cases, assembly adversely affects the components. After applying a superposition of delayed renewal processes and a nonhomogeneous Poisson process for modeling times between system failures, we derive and analyze the effects of component and system burn-in on the system cost and performance. Examples are included to demonstrate how to determine optimal component and system burn-in times simultaneously based on an equivalent problem formation and nonlinear programming.

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9

Uyenoyama, M. K. "A generalized least-squares estimate for the origin of sporophytic self-incompatibility." Genetics 139, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 975–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.2.975.

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Abstract Analysis of nucleotide sequences that regulate the expression of self-incompatibility in flowering plants affords a direct means of examining classical hypotheses for the origin and evolution of this major feature of mating systems. Departing from the classical view of monophyly of all forms of self-incompatibility, the current paradigm for the origin of self-incompatibility postulates multiple episodes of recruitment and modification of preexisting genes. In Brassica, the S locus, which regulates sporophytic self-incompatibility, shows homology to a multigene family present both in self-compatible congeners and in groups for which this form of self-incompatibility is atypical. A phylogenetic analysis of S-allele sequences together with homologous sequences that do not cosegregate with self-incompatibility permits dating the change of function that marked the origin of self-incompatibility. A generalized least-squares method is introduced that provides closed-form expressions for estimates and standard errors for function-specific divergence rates and times of divergence among sequences. This analysis suggests that the age of the sporophytic self-incompatibility system expressed in Brassica exceeds species divergence within the genus by four- to fivefold. The extraordinarily high levels of sequence diversity exhibited by S alleles appears to reflect their ancient derivation, with the alternative hypothesis of hypermutability rejected by the analysis.

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10

Franklin-Tong, Vernonica E., and F. C. H. Franklin. "The different mechanisms of gametophytic self–incompatibility." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1434 (June 29, 2003): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1287.

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Self–incompatibility (SI) involves the recognition and rejection of self or genetically identical pollen. Gametophytic SI is probably the most widespread of the SI systems and, so far, two completely different SI mechanisms, which appear to have evolved separately, have been identified. One mechanism is the RNase system, which is found in the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae. The other is a complex system, so far found only in the Papaveraceae, which involves the triggering of signal transduction cascade(s) that result in rapid pollen tube inhibition and cell death. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the mechanisms involved in controlling pollen tube inhibition in these two systems.

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11

Kamei, Almond, and Mamta Anandini Warrior. "Rh incompatibilty: A case study." IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics and Oncology 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmpo.2022.008.

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Rh incompatibility occurs during pregnancy. Rh antibodies cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells leading to Hemolytic anemia. With Rh incompatibility, the woman's immune system reacts and creates Rh antibodies. Rh incompatibility happens only when the father of the baby is Rh-positive. Difference in blood type between a pregnant woman and her child causes Rh incompatibility. Nurse plays a vital role to offer psychological support to the mother and also to the members of the family.

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12

Łukaszewski, Marcin. "Zasada incompatibilitas w samorządowym prawie ustrojowym (relacje samorządowiec-parlamentarzysta) i projekt przekształcenia Senatu w Izbę Samorządową." Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/r.2011.4.13.

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The problem of Senate as a self-government chamber and self-government person – parliament deputy relations were shown in the political history of the Polish Third Republic many times. In 2001, when self-government laws were introduced into the political system of self-government, there was an institution of incompatibilitas (incompatibility of self-governmental and parliamentarian seats). It influenced the subsequent public debate about the role of Senate and the emerging plans to transform it into a self-government chamber.

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13

Jacobson, David J. "Control of mating type heterokaryon incompatibility by the tol gene in Neurospora crassa and N. tetrasperma." Genome 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-053.

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The mating-type of Neurospora crassa (A and a) have a dual function: A and a individuals are required for sexual reproduction, but only strains of the same mating type will form a stable vegetative heterokaryon. Neurospora tetrasperma, in contrast, is a naturally occurring A + a heterokaryon. It was shown previously that the mating-type genes of both species are functionally the same and are not responsible for this difference in heterokaryon incompatibility. This suggests that a separate genetic system determines the heterokaryon incompatibility function of mating type. The mutant tolerant (tol) in N. crassa, unlinked to mating type, acts as a specific suppressor of A + a heterokaryon incompatibility. In the present study, the wild-type alleles at the tol locus were introgressed reciprocally, from N. crassa into N. tetrasperma and from N. tetrasperma into N. crassa, to investigate the action of these alleles in the A + a heterokaryon incompatibility systems of these species. The wild-type allele from N. tetrasperma (tolT) acts as a recessive suppressor of A + a heterokaryon incompatibility in N. crassa. Furthermore, the wild-type allele from N. crassa (tolC) causes A and a to become heterokaryon incompatible in N. tetrasperma, while having no effect on the sexual reproduction. Therefore, the tol gene plays a major role in determining the heterokaryon compatibility of mating type in these species: tolC is an active allele that causes incompatibility and tolT an inactive allele that suppresses incompatibility by its inactivity.Key words: heterokaryon incompatibility, vegetative incompatibility, Neurospora, suppressors, mating type.

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14

Ho, W. F., and C. T. Shii. "INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM IN PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EDULIS SIMS)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 194 (December 1986): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.194.2.

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15

Haring, V., J. Gray, B. McClure, M. Anderson, and A. Clarke. "Self-incompatibility: a self-recognition system in plants." Science 250, no. 4983 (November 16, 1990): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2237440.

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16

Lee, Sang-Yong Tom, and W. Wayne Fu. "Software-Platform Integration, Incompatibility, and System-User Switching." Journal of Media Economics 19, no. 3 (July 2006): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1903_2.

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17

McCollum, Gin. "Dissonance: A nervous system analog to quantum incompatibility." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 33, no. 1 (January 1994): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00671613.

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18

LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "The self-incompatibility system in Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae)." Hereditas 117, no. 2 (February 14, 2008): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00168.x.

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19

Lundqvist, Arne. "The Self-Incompatibility System in Lotus Tenuis (Fabaceae)." Hereditas 119, no. 1 (May 28, 2004): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1993.00059.x.

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20

Lundqvist, Arne. "The Self-Incompatibility System in Ranunculus Repens (Ranunculaceae)." Hereditas 120, no. 2 (May 28, 2004): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1994.00151.x.

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21

Stephens, Loren C. "Self-incompatibility in Echinacea purpurea." HortScience 43, no. 5 (August 2008): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1350.

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Progenies derived from self-pollination and parent–offspring backcrosses of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench accession PI 631307 revealed that a sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system was operating in this germplasm. Offspring of progenies from the original accession were self-incompatible, but most self-pollinations resulted in some self-seed set. One seedling from such a self-pollination was reciprocally crosscompatible with its parent, proving that a sporophytic SI system was operational. The F3BC1 progeny could be classified into two offspring groups. The first group of two seedlings was reciprocally compatible with its seed parent but reciprocally incompatible with its pollen parent based on stigma collapse of the seed parent florets 2 to 4 days after pollination. The second offspring group of three seedlings was reciprocally incompatible with its seed parent but reciprocally compatible with its pollen parent. Seed set data were in agreement with classification by stigma collapse in seven of 10 backcrosses, including in several reciprocally compatible backcrosses that provided further proof of a sporophytic SI system. Additionally, a χ2 test showed that the data fit a sporophytic SI model with S allele dominance operating in pollen and pistil. Assuming that S allele dominance is widespread within Echinacea purpurea, it should be possible to produce inbred lines by making successive generations of full-sib crosses.

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22

CHOU, CHUNG-HUI. "WINDOWS OS VERSUS MAC OS: COULD ONE-WAY COMPATIBILITY BE AN EQUILIBRIUM OUTCOME?" Singapore Economic Review 59, no. 05 (November 9, 2014): 1450042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590814500428.

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One-way compatibility is a phenomenon often observed in reality and Windows OS versus Mac OS is a good example. A vertical differentiation model is presented herein to analyze system firms' compatibility choices. This paper differs from the existing literature in two aspects: (1) The purebred and hybrid systems are vertically differentiated; (2) Since one-way compatibility is a phenomenon often observed in real life, this paper considers compatibility as being unilateral rather than bilateral and the possibility of one-way compatibility. We find that, depending on the quality of the hybrid system, any state of compatibility could be an equilibrium outcome. When the quality of a hybrid system is very small, both firms adopt compatibility. Second, despite the fact that firms always earn higher profit under full compatibility than they do under incompatibility, the equilibrium outcome is incompatibility when the quality of a hybrid system is very high, which means firms face a prisoners' dilemma under this situation. Finally, since a firm favors incompatibility more when its rivals adopt compatibility than when its rival adopts incompatibility, the equilibrium outcome is one-way compatibility when the quality of a hybrid system is intermediate. From this point of view, this paper provides a theoretical interpretation of one-way compatibility between Windows OS versus Mac OS. We also show that the market outcome is socially inefficient when the hybrid system's quality is relatively high.

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23

Palmer, Christina G. S. "Evidence for Maternal-Fetal Genotype Incompatibility as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/576318.

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Prenatal/obstetric complications are implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility. Some complications may arise from maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility, a term used to describe maternal-fetal genotype combinations that produce an adverse prenatal environment. A review of maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility studies suggests that schizophrenia susceptibility is increased by maternal-fetal genotype combinations at theRHDandHLA-Bloci. Maternal-fetal genotype combinations at these loci are hypothesized to have an effect on the maternal immune system during pregnancy which can affect fetal neurodevelopment and increase schizophrenia susceptibility. This article reviews maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility studies and schizophrenia and discusses the hypothesized biological role of these ‘‘incompatibility genes’’. It concludes that research is needed to further elucidate the role ofRHDandHLA-Bmaternal-fetal genotype incompatibility in schizophrenia and to identify other genes that produce an adverse prenatal environment through a maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility mechanism. Efforts to develop more sophisticated study designs and data analysis techniques for modeling maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility effects are warranted.

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24

Loehrlein, Marietta, and Sandy Siqueira. "(234) Self-incompatibility in Pink Tickseed, Coreopsis rosea Nutt." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1001E—1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1001e.

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Coreopsis rosea is important as a landscape plant and is of some impor-tance for restoration of native species. In both situations it is important to understand the breeding system so that the pollination process may be controlled for optimal seed production. The study of the incompatibility system is important to seed production. In commercial crops, seeds may be products of open pollination or F1 hybrids. In the former, genetic variability exists. In conservation and recovery programs of local flora, seeds with genetic variability are desirable. In development of commercial crops, uniform seeds and plants are desirable. Regardless of whether seeds will ultimately be used for commercial crops or for species restoration, an understanding of self-incompatibility will allow the pollination process to be manipulated for optimal seed production. The purpose of this research was to investigate the sexual reproduction mode in Coreopsis rosea. The objectives were to determine whether Coreopsis rosea operates with a self-incompatibility system, and, if so, to discover whether it is a sporophytic or gametophytic mode. The sporophytic form of self-incompatibility has been found in other plants in the Asteraceae family, but no one has studied self-incompatibility in Coreopsis rosea. The purpose of this research was to identify the self-incompatibility system in Coreopsis rosea. A series of self- and cross-pollinations were made in situ, and in vivo pollinations were made and the pistils studied under the microscope. Results indicate that Coreopsis rosea is self-incompatible and operates under the sporophytic mode.

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25

Duarte, Mariana Oliveira, Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira, and Eduardo Leite Borba. "Two Self-Incompatibility Sites Occur Simultaneously in the Same Acianthera Species (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae)." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121758.

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In most species of Pleurothallidinae, the self-incompatibility site occurs in the stylar canal inside the column, which is typical of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). However, in some species of Acianthera, incompatible pollen tubes with anomalous morphology reach the ovary, as those are obstructed in the column. We investigated if a distinct self-incompatibility (SI) system is acting on the ovary of A. johannensis, which is a species with partial self-incompatibility, contrasting with a full SI species, A. fabiobarrosii. We analyzed the morphology and development of pollen tubes in the column, ovary, and fruit using light, epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that the main reaction site in A. johannensis is in the stylar canal inside the column, which was also recorded in A. fabiobarrosii. Morphological and cytological characteristics of the pollen tubes with obstructed growth in the column indicated a process of programmed cell death in these tubes, showing a possible GSI reaction. In addition, partially self-incompatible individuals of A. johannensis exhibit a second SI site in the ovary. We suggest that this self-incompatibility site in the ovary is only an extension of GSI that acts in the column, differing from the typical late-acting self-incompatibility system recorded in other plant groups.

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26

VAN GOETHEM, NICOLAS. "DIRECT EXPRESSION OF INCOMPATIBILITY IN CURVILINEAR SYSTEMS." ANZIAM Journal 58, no. 1 (July 2016): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181116000158.

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We would like to present a method to compute the incompatibility operator in any system of curvilinear coordinates (components). The procedure is independent of the metric in the sense that the expression can be obtained by means of the basis vectors only, which are first defined as normal or tangential to the domain boundary, and then extended to the whole domain. It is an intrinsic method, to some extent, since the chosen curvilinear system depends solely on the geometry of the domain boundary. As an application, the in-extenso expression of incompatibility in a spherical system is given.

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27

Boshier, D. H. "Incompatibility in Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae), a neotropical tree." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-045.

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Incompatibility and variation in floral morphology in Cordia alliodora (R. & P.) Oken (Boraginaceae) were investigated using a combination of fieldwork and light and ultraviolet microscopy. Results from controlled crosses clearly showed the presence of two groups of trees, where intergroup crosses were compatible but intragroup crosses were incompatible. A sporophytic, diallelic, one-locus incompatibility system was inferred. Limited failure of the incompatibility mechanism was found (approximately 1% of crosses) for both selfs and intragroup crosses. Whereas most authors previously described C. alliodora as a homostyle, measurement of floral traits and study of their relationship to controlled crosses revealed a poorly defined variation in stigma size strongly associated with the incompatibility groups. The relatively undeveloped heteromorphy, coupled with a strong incompatibility mechanism, is of particular interest. The genus Cordia, in particular the Cerdanae, appears to offer fruitful ground for further investigation into aspects of the evolution and development of heterostyly. Key words: incompatibility, heterostyly, Cordia alliodora.

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28

Tammisola, Jussi. "Incompatibility classes and fruit set in natural populations of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 60, no. 5 (August 1, 1988): 327–446. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72299.

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In Finnish natural populations, arctic bramble proved uniformly self-incompatible. In vigorous and richly flowering populations, the intensity of fruit set is governed by the number of incompatibility classes present. Most non-fruiting populations contain only one incompatibility class (and most likely only one clone) and therefore totally lack compatible pollen. Richly fruiting populations usually contain at least three incompatibility classes. A clone with an estimated size of 80 metres and age of 160 years was found. This supports the vegetative burst explanation for the “sudden appearance” of arctic bramble populations. For the purposes of plant breeding, a large genetic collection is required. In cultivation, a thorough mixture of at least three varieties is recommended. The study was dynamically optimized. A computerized guidance system was constructed, which analyzed the accumulating results and yielded recommendations for forthcoming crosses. For the analysis into equivalence classes of incompatibility, a stepwise clustering algorithm of the single move type, based on the maximum likelihood principle, was introduced. This partitioning was based on the number of seeds in a cross, considering it as a stochastic variable. Seed number probability distributions in intraclass and interclass pollinations were acquired utilizing non-parametric density estimation. Finally, both incompatibility class and seed probability estimates were adjusted together iteratively. A recommendation algorithm was produced, based on a partially heuristic principle of maximum lability maximum stability. With the aid of the guidance system, incompatibility classes could be resolved using about one tenth of the number of crosses required in a conventional system.

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29

Asri, Novena Damar, and Purnomo Yusgiantoro. "Investigating a Hampered NRE Utilization in Kaltim’s Energy System: Is there an Energy Policy with a Syndrome of the Energy-abundant Area?" International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.37135.

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Kaltim presumably experiences an energy paradox, where the energy system is unreliable and unsustainable, despite energy-rich. This study presumes that the paradox is caused by the ‘ill-advised energy policy’ shown by ‘energy-area incompatibility’ that is exacerbated by the ‘energy-rich syndrome’ (a mindset of feeling secure due to energy-abundance leading to a wasteful behavior). This study investigates the indication of the syndrome in Kaltim energy policy by first investigating ‘the incompatibility’ and its impacts by examining Kaltim’s geographical characteristics, energy potential, population-distribution, electricity system, and infrastructure. Also, the impacts of retaining the syndrome through cost analyses. This study finds the incompatibility between energy-sources utilization and geographical characteristics, by conducting a descriptive method with data collection and analyses. Kaltim is forest-dominated with scattered-population, suitable with an off-grid system. However, the electricity development is mostly on-grid, fossil-based designed, explaining the difficulties of electrifying the entire Kaltim, although electricity is surplus. While off-grid should be applied to NRE, the massive use of diesel-gen-sets shows wasteful behavior. By conducting a linear-regression method, this study finds that Kaltim’s electricity consumption (indicating the infrastructure sufficiency) is lower than it should be, given its incredible economic performance. The incompatibility causes infrastructure insufficiency. The cost analysis finds that the massively-used fuel oil is the most expensive. The subsidy would be around 0.003%-0.275% of Kaltim GDRP or 17 billion-1.55 trillion IDR. As the new Capital location, NRE is a must for Kaltim. To conclude, NRE utilization is very low, although its potential is huge, and Kaltim’s forested characteristics suit it. NRE only covers 3% of Kaltim’s electricity, while the potential (hydro alone) is more than 6,900MW. The incompatibility causes an unreliable electricity system, although electricity is surplus. Following Kaltim’s geographical characteristics, NRE should be optimized. This study intends to aware the policy-makers of the syndrome, thereby develop a ‘proper energy policy’.

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30

TRAVERS, STEVEN E., JORGE MENA-ALI, and ANDREW G. STEPHENSON. "Plasticity in the self-incompatibility system of Solanum carolinense." Plant Species Biology 19, no. 3 (December 2004): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00109.x.

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31

McClure, Bruce. "Plant Self-Incompatibility: Ancient System Becomes a New Tool." Current Biology 22, no. 3 (February 2012): R86—R87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.034.

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32

McClure, Bruce. "Plant Self-Incompatibility: Ancient System Becomes a New Tool." Current Biology 22, no. 5 (March 2012): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.027.

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33

Kawai, Masataka, Mina Yamahara, and Akira Ohta. "Bipolar incompatibility system of an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete, Rhizopogon rubescens." Mycorrhiza 18, no. 4 (March 5, 2008): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0167-4.

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34

Baskorowati, L., M. W. Moncur, S. A. Cunningham, J. C. Doran, and P. J. Kanowski. "Reproductive biology of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae) 2. Incompatibility and pollen transfer in relation to the breeding system." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 5 (2010): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10036.

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The onset of stigma receptivity in Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel was evaluated by observing pollen-tube growth and seed set following controlled pollination. Pollen-tube numbers in the style, following controlled pollinations, increased from Day 1 to Day 6, then declining rapidly. The stigma was most receptive during Days 3–6, and still receptive at low levels as early as shortly after anthesis and as late as 10 days after pollination. The present study found that individuals of M. alternifolia differed in their degree of expression of self-incompatibility. Artificial self-pollination, with emasculation, in several families resulted in complete self-incompatibility, with no capsule retention. The microscopic observation of pollen-tube development revealed a mechanism of self-incompatibility in M. alternifolia. A self-incompatibility system operates in the style, although a few self-pollen grains are capable of germinating and producing pollen tubes. It also appears that late-acting self-incompatibility mechanisms discriminate against self-pollen tubes when they descend to the ovary. Artificial cross-pollination of selected parents produced seed with greater germination capacity and seedlings that grew faster than the corresponding open-pollinated seed and seedlings from the same parent. Freeze-dried pollen stored at −18°C maintained viability (22%) over 1 year of storage. This finding will allow greater flexibility in undertaking controlled pollinations, because stored pollen can be substituted for fresh pollen when insufficient quantities are available from new-season flowers. A wide variety of insects was observed visiting the flowers of M. alternifolia, and capsule set was high even in bags that excluded flower visitors greater than 2 mm. Thrips species seem likely to be important pollinators of this species because they are small and were abundant inside and outside of exclusion bags, although several other insect species such as bees, flies and wasps were also identified as frequent floral visitors.

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35

Chen, Wendi, Bin Zhang, Wenjing Ren, Li Chen, Zhiyuan Fang, Limei Yang, Mu Zhuang, Honghao Lv, Yong Wang, and Yangyong Zhang. "An Identification System Targeting the SRK Gene for Selecting S-Haplotypes and Self-Compatible Lines in Cabbage." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101372.

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Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) self-incompatibility is important for heterosis. However, the seed production of elite hybrid cannot be facilitated by honey bees due to the cross-incompatibility of the two parents. In this study, the self-compatibility of 58 winter cabbage inbred lines was identified by open-flower self-pollination (OS) and molecular techniques. Based on the NCBI database, a new class I S-haplotype-specific marker, PKC6F/PKC6R, was developed. Verification analyses revealed 9 different S-haplotypes in the 58 cabbage inbred lines; of these lines, 46 and 12 belonged to class I (S6, S7, S12, S14, S33, S45, S51, S68) and class II (S15) S-haplotypes, respectively. The coincidence rate between the self-compatibility index and S-haplotype was 91%. This study developed a Tri-Primer-PCR amplification method to rapidly select plants with specific S-haplotypes in biased segregated S-locus populations. Furthermore, it established an S-haplotype identification system based on these nine S-haplotypes. To overcome parental cross-incompatibility (18-503 and 18-512), an inbred line (18-2169) with the S15 haplotype was selected from the sister lines of self-incompatible 18-512 (S68, class I S-haplotype). The inbred line (18-2169) showed self-compatibility and cross-compatibility with 18-503. This study provides guidance for self-compatibility breeding in cabbage and predicts parental cross-incompatibility in elite combinations.

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36

Dudek, Ewa, and Michał Kozłowski. "Analysis of aeronautical information potential incompatibility – case study." Journal of KONBiN 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0004.

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Abstract This article is a continuation of the authors’ study on the ways to ensure the quality and safety of aeronautical data and information. In its content the Integrated Aeronautical Information Package was presented and its fundamental part AIP Poland was described. In addition, the docking guidance system A-VDGS, being an example of implementation of telematics system in air transport, was discussed as well as its requirements and schematic representation were attached. In the following part of the publication an analysis of AIP Poland in terms of the mentioned aircrafts’ docking systems was performed and a discrepancy between the requirements published in ICAO Annex 14 and published information for aerodrome EPWA was noticed. The indicated case of published incompatibility confirms the necessity to develop and implement a complex method of aeronautical data and information quality assurance at all stages of aeronautical data and information chain, which will be the subject of authors’ further study.

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37

Gómez, Eva M., Ángela S. Prudencio, and Encarnación Ortega. "Protein Profiling of Pollen–Pistil Interactions in Almond (Prunus dulcis) and Identification of a Transcription Regulator Presumably Involved in Self-Incompatibility." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020345.

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The cultivated almond displays a gametophytic self-incompatibility system, which avoids self-fertilization, and it is controlled by a multi-allelic locus (S-locus) containing two genes specifically expressed in pistil (S-RNase) and pollen (SFB). Studies on almonds with the same S-haplotype but different phenotype pointed to the existence of unknown components in this system to explain its functioning. The increase of knowledge on this reproductive barrier would allow better management of fruit production and germplasm selection. This work proposes candidates to components of the almond gametophytic self-incompatibility system, by identifying differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) after compatible and incompatible pollen–pistil interactions in almonds with the same S-haplotype but a different incompatibility phenotype using iTRAQ and 2D-nano-LC ESI/MSMS analyses. The protein quantitation analysis revealed 895 DEPs, which were grouped into different functional categories. The largest functional group was “metabolic proteins”, followed by “stress resistance and defense proteins”, with higher up-regulation after pollination. The identity of certain DEPs, such as Thaumatin, LRR receptors, such as kinase and pathogenesis related protein PR-4, indicated that some pollen–pistil interactions in almond could have the same bases as host–parasite interactions. Furthermore, additional RT-qPCR analysis revealed the differentially expressed transcription regulator GLABROUS1 enhancer-binding protein-like (GEBPL) could be involved in the gametophytic self-incompatibility system in almond.

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38

Merçot, H., B. Llorente, M. Jacques, A. Atlan, and C. Montchamp-Moreau. "Variability within the Seychelles cytoplasmic incompatibility system in Drosophila simulans." Genetics 141, no. 3 (November 1, 1995): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/141.3.1015.

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Abstract In Drosophila simulans, we described a cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) system (Seychelles) restricted to insular populations that harbor the mitochondrial type SiI. Since then, these populations have been shown to be heterogeneous, some being infected by one Wolbachia genetic variant only (wHa), while others are infected simultaneously by wHa and by another variant (wNo) always found in association with wHa. We have experimentally obtained two D. simulans strains only infected by the wNo variant. This variant determines its own cytoplasmic incompatibility type. In particular, the cross between wNo-bearing flies and wHa-bearing ones is bidirectionally incompatible. The Seychelles CI type, stricto sensu, is distinguished by being determined by the simultaneous presence of two Wolbachia variants that we found to be mutually incompatible. In addition, we observed incomplete maternal transmission of the Wolbachia.

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39

Xiang, Qijun, and N. Louise Glass. "Identification ofvib-1, a Locus Involved in Vegetative Incompatibility Mediated byhet-cinNeurospora crassa." Genetics 162, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.1.89.

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AbstractA non-self-recognition system called vegetative incompatibility is ubiquitous in filamentous fungi and is genetically regulated by het loci. Different fungal individuals are unable to form viable heterokaryons if they differ in allelic specificity at a het locus. To identify components of vegetative incompatibility mediated by allelic differences at the het-c locus of Neurospora crassa, we isolated mutants that suppressed phenotypic aspects of het-c vegetative incompatibility. Three deletion mutants were identified; the deletions overlapped each other in an ORF named vib-1 (vegetative incompatibility blocked). Mutations in vib-1 fully relieved growth inhibition and repression of conidiation conferred by het-c vegetative incompatibility and significantly reduced hyphal compartmentation and death rates. The vib-1 mutants displayed a profuse conidiation pattern, suggesting that VIB-1 is a regulator of conidiation. VIB-1 shares a region of similarity to PHOG, a possible phosphate nonrepressible acid phosphatase in Aspergillus nidulans. Native gel analysis of wild-type strains and vib-1 mutants indicated that vib-1 is not the structural gene for nonrepressible acid phosphatase, but rather may regulate nonrepressible acid phosphatase activity.

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40

Kawano, Yoshiki, Tsuyoshi Mayama, Ryouji Kondou та Tetsuya Ohashi. "Crystal Plasticity Analysis of Change in Active Slip Systems of α-Phase of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy under Cyclic Loading". Key Engineering Materials 725 (грудень 2016): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.183.

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In this paper, we investigated changes in active slip systems of α-phase of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under a cyclic plastic loading using a crystal plasticity finite element method. In the analyses, a bicrystal model was employed, and the crystallographic orientations were set so as that prismatic <a> or basal slip system was the primary slip system in each grain. The results showed that there was a mechanism where the basal slip systems could reach the stage of activation under the cyclic plastic loading even though the condition was that the prismatic <a> slips initially operate. The reason for the activity changes was due to the changes in the incompatibility between the grains by the work hardening, and the effect of the incompatibility on activities of slip systems appeared even in the perpendicular arrangements of the grains to the loading direction.

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41

Reed, Sandra M. "Self-incompatibility in Cornus florida." HortScience 39, no. 2 (April 2004): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.2.335.

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Low seed set has been reported following self-pollinations of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.). The objective of this study was to verify the presence of self-incompatibility in C. florida. `Cherokee Princess' stigmas and styles were collected 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cross- and self-pollinations, stained with aniline blue and observed using a fluorescence microscope. Pollen germinated freely following self-pollinations, but self-pollen tubes grew slower than those resulting from cross-pollinations. By 48 hours after cross-pollination, pollen tubes had reached the bottom of the style while pollen tubes in self-pollinated flowers had only penetrated the upper third of the style. Evidence of reduced pollen tube growth rate in self-pollinations of `Cherokee Chief' and `Cherokee Brave' was also obtained. This study provides evidence of a gametophytic self-incompatibity system in C. florida. It was also determined that stigmas of C. florida `Cherokee Princess' are receptive to pollen from 1 day prior to anthesis to 1 day after anthesis.

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42

LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "THE NATURE OF THE TWO-LOCI INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM IN GRASSES." Hereditas 48, no. 1-2 (September 2, 2009): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1962.tb01804.x.

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LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "THE NATURE OF THE TWO-LOCI INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM IN GRASSES." Hereditas 48, no. 1-2 (September 2, 2009): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1962.tb01805.x.

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44

Knox-Macaulay, Huxley, and Robert McDonald. "DiaMed-ID microtyping system for detection of major ABO incompatibility." Lancet 344, no. 8929 (October 1994): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91745-0.

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45

Liao, Jugou, Jinran Dai, Hongmei Kang, Kongfeng Liao, Wenguang Ma, Jianguang Wang, and Suiyun Chen. "Plasticity in the self-incompatibility system of cultivated Nicotiana alata." Euphytica 208, no. 1 (November 30, 2015): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1606-x.

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46

Varotto, S., L. Pizzoli, M. Lucchin, and P. Parrini. "The incompatibility system in Italian red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Plant Breeding 114, no. 6 (December 1995): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00851.x.

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47

LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "THE NATURE OF THE TWO-LOCI INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM IN GRASSES." Hereditas 52, no. 2 (September 2, 2009): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01951.x.

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48

LUNDQVIST, ARNE. "THE NATURE OF THE TWO-LOCI INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM IN GRASSES." Hereditas 52, no. 2 (September 2, 2009): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01954.x.

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49

Naaborgh, A. T., and M. T. M. Willemse. "The ovular incompatibility system in Gasteria verrucosa (Mill.) H. Duval." Euphytica 58, no. 3 (November 1991): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00025254.

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50

Martin, Audrey A. A., Samir Id-Lahoucine, Dan Tulpan, Stephen J. Leblanc, Angela Cánovas, Christine F. Baes, and Flavio S. Schenkel. "31 Gametic Incompatibility: Improving the Success of Mate Allocation in Dairy Cattle." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.026.

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Abstract In the dairy industry, mate allocation is mainly based on the parents’ breeding values and inbreeding coefficients aiming to achieve the producer’s breeding goal. With artificial insemination, the portfolio of sires to choose from is large and the quality of the semen doses is standardized. However, not all sire-dam matings are equally likely to produce a successful pregnancy. Among other reproduction issues, the success of a mating could vary due to the incompatibility of gametes coming from the sire and the dam and could influence the fertilization’s success, additionally to the reproductive capacity of the parents. Considering the gametic incompatibility of the potential parents could be a novel option to improve mating plans. Under the hypothesis that gametic incompatibility has a significant effect on reproduction and reduces the odds of fertilization and pregnancy, this study aimed to determine the genetic background of gametic incompatibility. Transmission ratio distortion (TRD), which detects deviations from Mendelian inheritance expectations, is commonly used to identify deleterious mutations. We adapted the TRD model by including an interaction effect between the gametes leading to the offspring genotype to detect regions with TRD effects and gametic incompatibility. Our dataset contained 436,651 genotyped (50K SNP) Canadian Holstein cattle from 283,817 parents-offspring trios. A total of 482 regions with TRD containing 671 positional genes were found. The functional analysis detected biological pathways associated with uterus development, embryonic skeletal system development, and nervous system development. Additionally, gene ontology terms from the topology-based pathway enrichment analysis were mostly related to the steroid hormones signalling pathway. Although difficult, genes specific to gametic incompatibility could be differentiated from genes underlying other reproduction processes by refining the genetic regions with TRD. With further investigation, we will provide new information to improve mate allocation for the dairy cattle industry.

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