Дисертації з теми "Inclusion économique"
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Konate, Mamourou Sidiki. "Le rôle de l'économie numérique dans la financiarisation et l'intégration optimale du secteur informel, dans un contexte de développement économique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0005/document.
Повний текст джерелаDigital technologies continue to to impact the optimal allocation of resources. This thesis analyzes its contributions, especially those contiguous to m-payment, in de-veloping economies. It is particularly interested in the properties of this device in terms of financial inclusion and regulation of the informal sector in the context of economic development. This thesis uses various methods: descriptive, theoretical and statistical. The first chapter analyzed new considerations in the regulation of the informal sector. The second chapter examined the contribution of mobile money to mitigating the shortcomings of traditional microfinance. The third chap-ter has built a model that analyzes different options for controlling the size of the informal sector. The fourth chapter studied in general the strategic development of an innovation and in particular the positive inputs to the implementation of the international interoperability of m-payment devices in an economic region. Our results indicate that regulation of the informal sector should shift the cre-ation of compatible and indirect incentives; mobile money mitigates some of the shortcomings of traditional microfinance; m-payment associated with new forms of microcredit increases both the size of the formal sector and welfare; m-payment sector in the region considered is mature enough to be fully interconnected. Given the importance of financialization and the integration of the informal sector into economic development, our analyzes have implications for international, public and private organizations
Wright, Kelsey. "Three Essays on Big Push Programs in Development Economics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0165.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores three "big push" interventions in development economics, each addressing multiple constraints simultaneously for poor households across different contexts in Africa and the Caribbean. The first chapter examines a large package of input subsidies for smallholder farmers in Haiti. Despite intentions to boost productivity, the program led to decreased input use and yields. This outcome underscores how design elements, such as clear communication about future transfers, significantly impact effectiveness. The second chapter investigates the long-term impacts of a "graduation" program in Ethiopia, combining asset transfers, training, and financial access. It demonstrates persistent but attenuating economic effects over seven years, contributing to our understanding of such intensive interventions' durability. The third chapter analyzes intrahousehold resource allocation in polygamous households in Niger, showing how the identity of social protection program recipients affects various welfare outcomes. This study illuminates the complex dynamics when multi-faceted programs designed to reduce poverty intersect with diverse household structures. Collectively, these studies highlight the challenges of designing effective and durable multi-faceted poverty alleviation and social protection programs. They emphasize the importance of considering local contexts, long-term effects, and intrahousehold dynamics in big push interventions
Kere, Safilidin. "Digitalization of bank and finance in Africa." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0128.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis examines the effects of digitalization on economic development in Africa. It contributes to the empirical analysis of the effects of digital technologies adoption on financial inclusion and economic development. In Chapter 2, we investigate the impacts of the digitalization of financial services on financial inclusion in Africa. The results indicate that mobile money and digital payments have a positive and significant impact on banking rates, access to credit, and savings mobilization. Chapter 3 is an extension of the first chapter on financial inclusion. We empirically analyze the effects of ICT usage on business credit access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). On one hand, the results show that mobile phone subscription, fixed broadband subscription, and individual internet usage have positive effects on credit granted to the private sector. On the other hand, the results also reveal that mobile phone subscription, internet access, and internet usage are associated with the increase in bank loans in Africa. Chapter 4 explores the empirical impact of ICT adoption on trade between SSA countries from 2000 to 2018. The results suggest that ICT usage, especially Internet usage, has positive and significant effects on exports and negative effects on imports of primary products and the total of goods. Within the framework of the free trade agreement adopted by the African Union, this chapter demonstrates the role of digital tools in the success of this important instrument. Finally, in Chapter 5, we assess theimpact of mobile money adoption on inflation and economic growth in Africa through a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model. The results show that mobile money facilitates money circulation, thereby stimulating economic activity without causing an uncontrolled increase in inflation. They also reveal that the adoption of mobile money contributes to the economic growth of countries that have adopted it
Blanchard, Martin. "Inclusion et différence : vers une critique constructive de la reconnaissance chez Habermas." Thèse, Paris 4, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14285.
Повний текст джерелаMénez, Bénédicte. "Les microsondes photon et proton appliquées à l'analyse ponctuelle d'inclusions fluides : un outil pour reconstituer l'évolution des paléosystèmes hydrothermaux." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077163.
Повний текст джерелаMonkam, Towo Agathe. "L'éducation des adultes peu qualifiés dans le contexte socio-économique du Cameroun : de l'insertion à l'intégration socioprofessionnelle des acteurs du secteur informel." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30024/document.
Повний текст джерелаCameroon is a brand new country, in which inhabitants are looking up for identity between traditional culture from ancestral and the modern world. Those difficulties as well as economical ones are the cause of educational problems. One of the symbols of these difficulties is that exceptional numbers of waste, created by scholar institution. Those heaps of population with inadequate of scholar system are those who are sent into informal sectors. Thrown out from schools they are though marginalized from social and professional. How to reintegrate them into socioprofessional environment ? Through macroscopic analysis within sociological and psychological and psychoprofessional, the observers have noticed that possible sustainable activities on informal sectors can be done. The inputs data have shown that some institutions and actions to reinsert socially and professionally was in place, but the success of this needs to put mankind in the middle of all interactions as well as professional sectors
Girard, Stephen. "Contribution à l'analyse des pratiques de coopération inter-organisationnelle territorialisée : le cas de l'Insertion par l'activité économique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30058/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe territorialization of public policy depends on a large number of “link-actors” whose cooperation is considered as a given and rarely as a variable to be constructed. However, the organizations are not disincarnated economic agents, but entities made up of individuals whose propensity to relationships is not guaranteed uniquely by “geographical proximity.” This thesis deals with the territorialized inter-organizational cooperation within the framework of an Active Inclusion through Economic Activity (AIEA) scheme and involves three case studies.It demonstrates that inter-organizational cooperation is not a natural process, that it requires favorable conditions in order to have a positive outcome. Furthermore, the pertinence of the framework does not in and of itself guarantee its efficiency/effectiveness and its sustainability. The global socio-economic performance of the scheme depends equally on the quality of its monitoring insofar as the AIEA system is not self-organized. With this in mind, we propose the implementation of a contract agreement tool, as a lever for the activation of the monitoring of territorialized inter-organizational cooperation, between the public authorities and the AIEA structures, which would enhance the current management dialog
Dissaux, Tristan. "Socioéconomie de la monnaie mobile et des monnaies locales au Kenya : quelles innovations monétaires pour quel développement ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2103/document.
Повний текст джерелаMonetary innovations, giving money new forms and characteristics, are now used to promote the process of economic development. In Kenya, they unfold in mobile money systems such as M-Pesa, as well as in several local currencies implemented on the model of the Bangla-Pesa. These monies have different natures and logics, and the thesis aims to show their impacts and implications. For this, we use data from two field surveys.Monetary innovations challenge development theories, which have largely excluded money from their analyzes, and which generally consider it to be neutral. The study of these schemes allow us to lay the foundations of a monetary theory of development. By doing so, we question the meaning of the concept of development, and the roles that money and finance have to play for it
Poujol, Gabriel. "Les circuits vivriers du corridor Ouagadougou-Accra : conditions d’un développement inclusif." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30029/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince colonization, West African transport corridors drew an economic dependence on space towards global market. Massive imports of manufactured goods are not balanced by the export of raw materials. The African market is not yet the market for Africans and this generally hampers territorial development. In the transport corridor between Ouagadougou and Accra, in West Africa, the challenges of regional integration and food security are crystallizing in the staple food circuits. The exchanges that take place there regulate the mobility of foodstuffs between places. In the space constituted by Burkina Faso and Ghana, characterized by an ecological gradient between the Sahel and the coast that strongly differentiates agricultural potentialities, the thesis puts these challenges in perspective with territorial development. She analyzes the inclusive potential of merchant staple food circuits through the example of yam, maize and cowpea in the corridor that connects Ouagadougou to Accra. After analyzing the transactional practices of these circuits based on surveys carried out with traders and transporters in the field, we simulate potential exchanges using a gravity model based on data relating to production, commerce, and consumption, but also to road accessibility of space. Between food availability and household demand, locating these exchanges and their paths questions the articulation of the food trade scales and the complementarity of places and activities with regard to the links between agriculture, trade and transport identified as carriers of spatially inclusive development. In a context of secondary cities, margins and borders, our approach explores the spatial interactions between surplus and deficit areas in order to propose technical recommendations with operational and political scope to contribute to the reflection on regional integration and security food
Falco, Agnès. "Comportements pro-sociaux et aversion à l'iniquité Being the chosen one: social inclusion modulates decisions in the ultimatum game: An ERP study Homo prosocialis more than economicus: proposers do not maximize their gain in the biological market Young adults are more prosocial than older adults in a give-and-take game." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20044.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis aims at investigating how the social context and the characteristics of individuals influence their Fairness-Related Decision Making. To this end, we used different approaches from neurosciences, social psychology and experimental economics.In a first study, we examined the electrophysiological correlates associated with economic decision-making in an ultimatum game simulating a situation of exclusion and inclusion. The results showed that participants accepted unfair offers more frequently from the proposer when they were intentionally selected by the proposer than when they obtained the same offers by being randomly paired to proposer by a computer. Electrophysiological analyzes revealed amplitude modulations of the FRN, P200 and P300 associated with Fairness-Related Decision Making in a context of social inclusion/exclusion. The purpose of our second study was to determine whether participants preferred to establish economic interactions of a prosocial or strategic nature when they had the opportunity to select their economic partners (responders) in an ultimatum game simulating a biological market. The results revealed that participants had preferences for prosocial economic interactions when social information is provided to them and when they are allowed to choose their economic partners based on this information. Gender information was also found to influence the participants’ decisions depending on their gender, but also their level of sexism and their representation of gender inequalities. The third study was designed to investigate the disadvantageous and advantageous inequity aversion of young and older adults. The results showed that young adults behaved in a pro-social way by equalizing their payoffs and those of the other player. In contrast, older adults behaved in a proself way, by preferring the options that maximized their payoffs, so that their behavior reflected less aversion to advantageous inequity compared to their younger counterparts
Ibrahim, Chaibou Oumarou. "Rôle de la microfinance dans l'inclusion financière des pays de l'UEMOA : application au cas du Niger." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR034.
Повний текст джерелаFinancial inclusion has become an important topic in the last two decades in WAEMU's development policies. This area is characterized by a low level of financial inclusion despite several strategies and programs to strengthen it. This thesis aims to analyze on the one hand the situation of the financial inclusion of UEMOA and Niger in particular, and on the other hand, to study the role of microfinance in the fulfillment of the latter. To do this, we built a synthetic financial inclusion index (ISIF) to measure financial inclusion and thus classify the 8 WAEMU countries. Through an econometric panel model, we have shown that microfinance effectively contributes to strengthening financial inclusion in terms of mobile money and the impact (on ISIF) is greater than that of the banking sector. In addition, we analyzed the determinants of financial inclusion at two levels: first, at the country level, and from the data available at the BCEAO and then according to the characteristics of the individuals using the data. of the survey we conducted with a sample of 512 adults. These data also revealed a worrying level of financial education in both rural and urban areas of Niger
Doumbia, Djeneba. "Three essays on inclusive growth." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E047/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation provides some evidence-based policy lessons focusing on the role of institutional, structural, and fiscal policies in achieving pro-poor and inclusive growth. The first chapter gives an overview of the dissertation and briefly discusses the main data issues and some stylized facts on inequality and poverty. The second chapter examines the role of good governance in fostering pro-poor and inclusive growth at the macroeconomic level. It shows that while all features of good governance enhance pro-poor growth, only government effectiveness and the rule of law tend to promote inclusive growth. The third chapter provides a cross-country analysis investigating how governments can reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level fixed. The results show that reallocating defense spending towards education, and health spending and in particular social and infrastructure spending, is associated with reduced income inequality in countries with political stability. The fourth chapter provides a microeconomic perspective, focusing on how better performance of informal firms could promote shared prosperity in a context of fragility. It shows that firms’ performance is a key factor in explaining income differences between entrepreneurs. In addition, the chapter finds that human capital and managerial skills are important engines of informal firms’ performance
Pinos, Fabienne. "Inclusion financière et populations précarisées : effets des business models des services financiers en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0024/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research was conducted in order to contribute to the enrichment of knowledge onfinancial inclusion. Starting from the premise that the sustainability of a business depends onits economic balance, whether built on the basis of private, public or mixed resources, wequestioned the relationship between financial inclusion and deprived populations focusing onthe effects of the financial services’ business models, limiting ourselves to the French market.We demonstrate that despite a French regulation, seemingly protective for consumers andinclusive-oriented, current banking models maintain exclusion. Improving the conditions ofaccess to and use of financial services by insecure people is conditioned by developments thatthe market alone cannot organize.We conclude further that measures tested by the Government or the voluntary sector to fightagainst banking exclusion do only match the needs of excluded people for certain profiles, incertain contexts. Moreover, the assumption of the sustainability of their business modelscannot be confirmed.Finally, we argue and justify that, as regards financial services, a sustainable and inclusiveeconomic model is conditioned by socio-economic transformations. The first one refers to theformalization of the access to the currency as a service of general interest, the second onecomes from the rehabilitation of the value of savings.Financial inclusion is not intended to address the problem of resource level, but consideringthe finding of recurring liquidity credit needs, it progresses when offers that avoid damagingthe living conditions of the borrower are spread. This is the objective of the proposed model
Esta investigación se realizó con el fin de contribuir al enriquecimiento de los conocimientossobre la inclusión financiera. Partiendo de la premisa de que la sostenibilidad de una empresadepende de su estabilidad económica, que ésta sea construida sobre la base de recursosprivados, públicos o mixtos, cuestionamos la relación entre inclusión financiera y poblacionesdesfavorecidas en términos de efectos de los modelos de negocio de los servicios financieros,limitándonos al mercado francés.Se demuestra que a pesar de una legislación francesa aparentemente protectora para losconsumidores y a finalidad inclusiva, los modelos bancarios actuales mantienen la exclusión.Mejorar las condiciones de acceso a y de uso de los servicios financieros por parte de laspersonas en situación de precariedad está condicionado por evoluciones que el mercado por sísolo no puede organizar.Concluimos además que los dispositivos públicos o asociativos experimentados para lucharcontra la exclusión bancaria sólo coinciden con las necesidades de los excluidos para ciertosperfiles, en ciertos contextos. Por otra parte, la hipótesis de la continuidad de sus modelos denegocio no se puede confirmar.Por último, se argumenta y justifica que en lo que se refiere a los servicios financieros, unmodelo económico sostenible e integrador está condicionado por transformacionessocioeconómicas. La primera se halla en la formalización del acceso a la moneda como unservicio de interés general, la segunda procede de la rehabilitación del valor de los ahorros. Lainclusión financiera no pretende resolver el problema del nivel de recursos pero, considerandoque las necesidades de crédito de liquidez estén recurrentes, se mejora cuando se difundenofertas que evitan influir negativamente en las condiciones de vida de los deudores. Este es elobjetivo del modelo propuesto
Ranjatoelina, Jérémy. "Les business models inclusifs. : Une recherche-action sur la lutte contre l’exclusion sociale, par l’emploi au cœur d’une activité économique, en France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12009/document.
Повний текст джерелаInclusive organizations deliberately and predominantly employ people in situations of social exclusion. This compilation thesis studies the business models of enterprises which predominantly include in their processes of value creation, human resources that are being wasted by the companies on the job market. It is theoretically anchored in three research streams : (1) the stream that favors individuals’ inclusion at the base of the pyramid (BoP); (2) the business model of social enterprises ; (3) the extented resource-based theory.A public-private conventionalized PhD called Doctorat-CIFRE, for “Industrial Convention for Research Training”, within the Fondation Agir Contre l’Exclusion (FACE) represents our research context. Accordingly, this action-research led to the analysis of the business models portfolios of the following groups: APF Entreprises, Vitamine T, and Ethik Investment. The results of the four papers highlight the key resources and competences which aggregate the orchestration capability that enables the inclusion of wasted human resources. The results yield a framework for the analysis of inclusive enterprises’ business models, called SI-RCOV framework. We also illustrate how an inclusive strategic intent is carried out within business models. Finally, we advance a (theoretically supported) (re)definition of the inclusive business model. These findings suggest a new theoretical insight and a new articulation for defining and scientifically discussing inclusive business models
Minea, Andreea. "Essays on the social inclusion of young people : family and labor market pathways." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe first chapter examines the role of individuals’ culture of origin in explaining the gender gap in youth’s decision to delay moving out from the parental household. I show that in societies with traditional values about gender roles, young have more incentives than young women to live longer with their parents. When women from these cultures live in a more liberal society regarding gender roles, they move out faster from the parental household and also seek to find a husband from a different culture than their own. In the 2nd chapter, we show, based on a correspondence study that low-skilled youth are less likely to be called back by private sector employers when they are North-African rather than French. By contrast, the origin of the fictitious applicants does not impact their callback rate in the public sector, despite the similar negative discriminatory beliefs of recruiters in both sectors. Our model shows that the absence of discrimination at the invitation for an interview stage in the public sector is compatible, in this context, with stronger discrimination in hiring. The third chapter is also based on a correspondence study and investigates the effects of the labor market experience of high school dropouts four years after leaving school. Compared to those who have stayed unemployed since leaving school, the callback rate is not raised for those with employment experience, whether it is subsidized or non-subsidized, in the market or non-market sector, if there is no training accompanied by skill certification. Moreover, training accompanied by skill certification improves callback rates only when the local unemployment rate is low
Le, Thi Thuy Linh. "Essays on Vulnerability and Inclusive Development in Developing Asia : a focus on Vietnam." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD dissertation is dedicated to the issue of ‘exclusivist’ growth and vulnerability characterizing Vietnam as well as developing Asia today. The chapters address three important aspects of vulnerability and inclusive development, namely: Informality (chapter 1), Education dilemma (chapter 2) and Non-standard employment (chapter 3). The contribution of this work lies in the novelty and relevance of research topics; the wide range of data used, both quantitative and qualitative, including Household Business and Informal Sector Surveys in Vietnam, and national Labor Force Surveys of various countries in Asia; as well as the originality of methodology. Chapter 1 investigates the heterogeneity of the informal sector in Vietnam, based on a unique quali-quanti approach. Chapter 2 focuses on the variation of the returns to higher education across the Vietnamese population with different estimation models. Chapter 3 is the first study that systematically examines the wage differentials induced by temporary job status in Asian developing countries. Overall, the whole thesis implies that human capital, employment, and income are interrelated facets of individual well-being, and that some development phenomena should be analyzed in their heterogeneity
Abadou, Mostafa. "Le système bancaire marocain après la crise financière de 2008 : difficultés d’adaptation des techniques de régulation européennes et nécessité de mise en place des mécanismes adaptés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB169.
Повний текст джерелаThe extent of the 2008 financial crisis' diffusion gave rise to strenuous and far-reaching debates about international financial stability. In fact, the question of financial instituions' social responsability seen as a financial stability vector has become the center of every debate. Financial instituions' governance and risk management devices have not only highlighted the vulnerability of the banking system, but also its inability to deal with liquidity requirements. With no doubt,banks have not been cautions enough to evaluate the risks they were taking. After the crisis, many institutional reforms were carried out at the initiative of banking and financial regulatory authorities, both at national and international levels, to tackle the numerous shortcomings and deficiencies found in the financial sector's regulation and supervision system. Under the Advanced Status, signed in October 2008, the Kingdom of Morocco has tried hard to reduce the gap between the Moroccan and the European legislations. In fact, it has agreed to move closer to European standards on the legislative and regulatory level aiming to be more integrated into the European internal market and to have a more efficient economy. Nevertheless, the banking system doesn't seem to adhere to the changes that were induced by this convergence work. Thus, there is still some way to go in this direction, not to mention that such a total convergence would take "years"! This thesis attempts to examine the difficulties of adapting European regulatory techniques to the Moroccan financial system, particularly through the Moroccan banks' control system and the supervision of mechanisms that take place under the "Shadow Banking" and the derivative market. It emphasizes all of the challenges this industry will have to face in the coming years. After an analysis of the main difficulties of adapting European regulatory techniques to the Moroccan financial system (Part I), some solutions are suggested,namely Islamic finance as a complement to the conventional one, financial inclusion as a solution aiming to reduce poverty and create jobs, and "Crowdfunding" as a financing tool for the mass individual investors to back start up projects, and a solution to the credit tightening phenomenon after the crisis of 2008 (Part II)
Juste, Nicolas. "Une politique de mobilité est-elle une alternative pertinente à la rénovation urbaine ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILA001.
Повний текст джерелаIn Europe, as in the United States, public authorities pay particular attention to the existence within our cities of neighborhoods that concentrate social problems. Post-war social housing estates, American black ghettos, formerly dynamic city centers - these neighborhoods take many forms and are the focus of specific programs in most countries. In France, action in these areas is known as "Politique de la Ville". The various programs put in place consider that the spatial concentration of poverty is at the root of the disorders observed. Guided by this premise, the public authorities have consistently sought to increase the social mix in these neighborhoods by diversifying the housing stock and population.Despite the sums involved, the results of the urban policy are mixed and difficult to assess. Could it be that improving the situation in these neighborhoods by increasing their social mix is a dead end? Is it possible to improve the lot of residents in neighborhoods where poverty is concentrated more effectively through a policy of increasing individual mobility? This question forms the core of this thesis, which is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is a methodological discussion dealing mainly with the objective that such a policy should pursue. We show that a mobility policy, if it results in improved accessibility to jobs, can be a convincing alternative policy. But we also show that the link between good job accessibility and low unemployment is not self-evident.The second chapter is devoted to the development of a complex urban model to understand the effects of a change in transport supply on the organization of a city in a context of job dispersion and lack of full employment among low-skilled workers. We propose original mechanisms for the distance to jobs and the location of unemployment, enabling us to obtain a city organization close to that observed empirically in a number of French conurbations. The main lesson is that good accessibility to jobs can be accompanied by an increase in the unemployment rate, as the neighborhood becomes attractive to job-seekers.The third and final chapter is an empirical and statistical analysis designed to compare the mechanisms used in the second chapter with real data from the Hauts-de-France and Île-de-France regions. We define and calculate two indicators of job accessibility, one of which represents the level of tension in the job market. We use these indicators, along with a set of control variables, to model the neighborhood unemployment rate using a simultaneous equation error term spatial dependence model (SUR-SEM). An increase in job accessibility will tend to raise the unemployment rate, as the neighborhood becomes more attractive to the unemployed. But if this accessibility translates into a lower level of tension in the job market, it will, on the contrary, translate into a lower unemployment rate.It turns out that the composition of the housing stock has a far greater impact on a neighborhood's unemployment level than its level of accessibility to jobs. But there's no reason to believe that this drop in unemployment is valid for the city as a whole. Poverty is diluted, so to speak. A reduction in the level of tension on the job market by improving people's mobility, on the other hand, will lead to a fall in the unemployment rate at both neighborhood and city level
Traore, Mohamed. "Fiscal policy, income inequality and inclusive growth in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub-sub Saharan African economies than others government spending. These results suggest that temporary and well-targeted programs should be implemented to help those being left out by the growth process. The Chapter 3 investigates whether income inequality matters in the periods of fiscal adjustments in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1980-2014. The results show an improvement in growth performance after fiscal consolidations episodes, but also income gap decreases in the periods ahead fiscal adjustments. Lastly, Chapter 4 assesses the credibility of fiscal forecasts and their social effects in CEMAC and WAEMU countries. We obtain evidence that the inefficiency of fiscal forecast occurs in most time because the forecast deviation is proportional to the forecast itself, but also because the past errors are repeated in the present. Furthermore, a part of revenue forecast errors can be explained by random shocks to the economy. Therefore, these errors in revenue forecast considered as fiscal policy shocks has a detrimental effect on inclusive growth
Galaz-Mandakovic, Damir. "Inclusions, transformations et asymétries du capitalisme minier sur la cote d'Atacama : les dérives de la production thermoélectrique a Tocopilla (Chili) 1914-2015)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20069.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis aims to describe, characterize and analyze the new scenario that was developed in Tocopilla (Chile) by means of the installation of a thermo power station to energize the copper mining in Chuquicamata and the mining of nitrate in the Atacama desert through american capitals. The inclusion, transformation and derivations of mining capitalism are studied. They developed numerous asymmetries that impacted the population until the present time. Converting the settlement into a technological pole, establishing colonial relations with the population and establishing Tocopilla in a periphery by the influence of the State, due to the effect of a colonial economy that deeply affected the environment
La tesis tiene como objetivo describir, caracterizar y analizar el nuevo escenario que se desarrolló en Tocopilla (Chile) por la instalación de una termoeléctrica para energizar la minería de cobre en Chuquicamata y la minería del salpetre en el desierto de Atacama a través de capitales estadounidenses. Se estudia la inclusión, la transformación y las derivaciones del capitalismo minero que desarrolló diversas asimetrías que impactaron profundamente a la población hasta el tiempo presente, tornando al poblado en un polo tecnológico, estableciéndose relaciones coloniales con la población, además de constituir a Tocopilla en una periferia ante la influencia del Estado por efecto de una economía colonial que afectó profundamente al medio ambiente
Gaysset, Isabelle. "Croissance par l'innovation et emploi dans les pays du Sud de la Méditerranée " une application à l'emploi des jeunes"." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2011.
Повний текст джерелаCountries in the MENA region have been recently characterized by a common feature mainly the upsurge in the unemployment of young graduates. This is due to the dynamics and quality of economic growth, a chronic democracy deficiency, and socio-economic imbalances that threaten the stability and development wihtin the region. The PM must alter their current growth framework into a total factor productivity model, whereby innovation continuously improves, allowing for an endogenous growth regime based on technology progress to take over. After a general introduction, Chapter (II) highlightst the PM’s innovation systems and their effects on employment generation in a principal component analysis, and a panel study of the determinants of economic growth. In chapter (III) and (IV), the effects of the knowledge economy on youth employment are carefully studied though a time series analysis for the MENA region as a panel on one hand and for Tunisia a single case study on the other. Chapter (V) gives the mains conclusions of the study
Gaysset, Isabelle. "Croissance par l'innovation et emploi dans les pays du Sud de la Méditerranée " une application à l'emploi des jeunes"." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/eco_gestion/2015/2015_Gaysset_Isabelle.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCountries in the MENA region have been recently characterized by a common feature mainly the upsurge in the unemployment of young graduates. This is due to the dynamics and quality of economic growth, a chronic democracy deficiency, and socio-economic imbalances that threaten the stability and development wihtin the region. The PM must alter their current growth framework into a total factor productivity model, whereby innovation continuously improves, allowing for an endogenous growth regime based on technology progress to take over. After a general introduction, Chapter (II) highlightst the PM’s innovation systems and their effects on employment generation in a principal component analysis, and a panel study of the determinants of economic growth. In chapter (III) and (IV), the effects of the knowledge economy on youth employment are carefully studied though a time series analysis for the MENA region as a panel on one hand and for Tunisia a single case study on the other. Chapter (V) gives the mains conclusions of the study
Fouillet, Cyril F. S. "La construction spatiale de la microfinance en Inde." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210254.
Повний текст джерелаLa partie 2 (chapitre 4 et 5) s’intéresse aux limites du financement du secteur agricole par la microfinance et aux aspects politiques de cette dernière. Le chapitre 4 procède à une analyse des déterminants du financement agricole en Inde. En revenant sur la crise microfinancière 2006 en Andhra Pradesh, le chapitre 5 complète nos analyses économétriques par une analyse des acteurs, de leurs motivations et de leurs contraintes afin de mettre à jour la dimension politique de la construction microfinancière.
La conclusion explicite la notion de construction donnée en intitulé. L’élaboration des services microfinanciers, leurs diffusions sur le territoire indien ainsi que leurs utilisations, détournements et réappropriations produisent la construction spatiale de la microfinance.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bair, Sabrine. "Assessing the impact of the use of information and communication technologies in the agricultural sector in Africa : the case of mobile telephony." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM034.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to capture the potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs), specifically mobile phones in Africa to alleviate the living conditions and empower households in rural areas, particularly in Sub-SaharaAfrica through information dissemination, rent redistribution, and financial inclusiveness. As the last developed continent, Africa suffers from poverty, lack of essential infrastructure, famine problems, the highest illiteracy rates, and limited access to financial services, so International organizations such as the World Bank argues that the expansion of mobile telephony adoption represents an opportunity to overcome some of Africa’s obstacles through innovative uses in the rural world, which suffers more from physical barriers. We focus on assessing the impact of the innovative uses of mobile phone services in the agricultural sector where I will draw conclusions on mobile phone services’ benefits, quantify them, and advise public and private authorities and organizations to set up suitable services to the populations’ needs
Raveloarison, Lovatiana. "La Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi ˸ quels enjeux pour le Royaume-Uni ? (1997-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA010.
Повний текст джерелаUnlike her European counterparts, Britain did not sign the Social Charter in 1989 and benefited from an opt out of the social rights included in this Charter until 1997. When the first New Labour government came into office, Tony Blair put an end to this British opt out. The Labour Party, which had been against the British entry into the EEC in the seventies, managed to convince its members to change their views on the European Union two decades later thanks to this Charter. By signing the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the UK adopted the Social Charter and accepted the changes brought by the “Social Chapter” included in the Treaty. The Treaty of Amsterdam also introduced the European Employment Strategy. Since then, the UK has endorsed the Social Charter and implemented a range of UE social measures. Despite social policies, the UK compared to its European partners is considered as “the Anglo-Saxon model” available in the US because Margaret Thacher's economic policies have not been deeply modified and at the European level, there are British particularities as far as labour law and industrial relations are concerned. Yet despite such disparities, the European Council considered in 2002 that the employment policies carried out in the UK were in accordance with the European Employment Strategy. This thesis examines how the European Employment Strategy is operating in the UK. The analysis focuses on how the European guidelines are implemented in the UK labour market regulation. The aim is to shed light on a paradox: on the one hand, the UK labour market has its own specificities which are not similar to other European countries; and on the other, the employment policies pursued in the UK comply with the European guidelines within the European Employment Strategy
Signe, Gnechie Landry Bertino. "Innover en politique : les acteurs internationaux, régionaux et nationaux en stratégies de développement économique en Afrique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3952.
Повний текст джерелаWhy, how and when does institutional or political change occur in Africa? By examining the postcolonial African strategies for economic development, and focusing on the evolution of the role of the State—the State as the central actor for development, the attempt to retrench the State, limited interventionism, the return of the State to the economic arena—the present thesis proposes an explanation of institutional change with a special focus on political and institutional innovations. In fact, behind the apparent continuity that most analytical and normative authors critique, there are innovations that the ideational, strategic, temporal and institutional variables allow us to demonstrate in a heuristic manner. This thesis thus proposes a new comparative analysis of the role of African public institutions (elites, States, public administration: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Benin, Congo, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Togo, Senegal), international institutions (the IMF, the World Bank, the UNO) and regional organizations (the African Union, the NEPAD) in the emergence and the trajectories of development strategies in Africa. The favorable temporal contexts, the crises of the preceding models, the structuring configurations and institutional heritage, the instrumental strategies of the interested actors, the political learning, the cognitive and normative dimensions of the ideas contribute to explaining the diffusion and institutional sedimentation and conversion as privileged processes of innovation in Africa. The critique of these concepts makes it possible to develop tools better adapted to explain institutional inclusion and intrusion. Institutional inclusion is a semi-strategic and semi-ideational process through which national or regional actors intentionally include (international) strategies (or solutions) that already exist in a new institution or policy with the aim of increasing the probability of acceptance (recognition, social suitability, real or perceived common values) or success (to ensure their interests) of their strategy within a structured political environment. The ideas are constitutive of the interests in this process. The institutional intrusion is a semi-strategic and semi-structural process by which national actors are partly forced to adopt new institutions or policies, and agree to do so only because of the asymmetry in power, the structural constraints (structure), or the potential benefits (strategies) of the international actors. In this context, relevant and non-constraining alternatives are quasi inexistent, but national actors still have (limited) room for negotiations. Inspired by specialist like Nicolas van de Walle, Kathleen Thelen, Robert Bates, Barry Weingast, Alexander Wendt, Peter Hall, Theda Skocpol, and Paul Pierson, the concepts of institutional intrusion and inclusion that we propose reconcile many approaches that many scholars considered contradictory. They successfully integrate strategic, structural, temporal and ideational variables to analyze the same scientific object. Empirically speaking, the present thesis explains the emergence of development strategies in Africa, as well as provides a better knowledge of the relationship between the international, regional and national actors in the process of emergence and development of institutions and public policies. A special attention is given to dynamics between numerous actors and variables (ideas, interests, institution, time) to explain the main strategies of the last three decades: national development strategies of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Ivory Coast, Congo, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Togo, the Lagos Plan of Action, the structural adjustment program, the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, the New Partnership for Africa Development and some interventions of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations. While being interested in the question of the international, regional and national innovations wrongly forsaken by most of the serious analyses, this dissertation renews the discussion on change, especially political and institutional innovation in Africa, within the international organizations (the IMF, the World Bank, and the United Nations) and in Political Science.