Дисертації з теми "In-situ temperature"
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borgonovo, cecilia. "Aluminum Nano-composites for Elevated Temperature Applications." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/962.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Kok Loong. "Deformation behaviour of Cu-Cr in-situ composite." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11077.
Повний текст джерелаArnold, Klaus, Astrid Ziemann, and Armin Raabe. "Acoustic tomography in comparision to in-situ temperature and wind measurements." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-216523.
Повний текст джерелаDie Akustische Laufzeittomographie wird als ein experimentelles Verfahren zur Sondierung meteorologischer Parameter, wie z.B. der Lufttemperatur und der horizontalen Windgeschwindigkeit, vorgestellt. Dieses bodengebundene Fernerkundungsverfahren nutzt die horizontale Ausbreitung von Schallwellen in der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. Hier wird das Verfahren der Laufzeittomographie angewendet, d.h. bei bekannter Weglänge wird die Ausbreitungszeit von ausgesendeten Schallsignalen zwischen mehreren Schallquellen und Empfängern gemessen. Die resultierenden Schallgeschwindigkeitsinformationen werden genutzt, um daraus die entsprechenden meteorologischen Parameter abzuleiten. Auf dem Gelände des Meteorologischen Observatoriums Lindenberg (DWD) wurde eine Messkampagne durchgeführt, um die akustischen Sondierungen mit konventionellen Systemen zu vergleichen. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass einerseits die Genauigkeit der Akustischen Tomographie vergleichbar mit den konventionellen in-situ Messungen ist und andererseits, dass die Lufttemperatur aufgrund des Strahlungseinflusses bei Messungen mit den üblichen Sensoren zum Teil erheblich überschätzt wird
Arnold, Klaus, Astrid Ziemann, and Armin Raabe. "Acoustic tomography in comparision to in-situ temperature and wind measurements." Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 22 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig ; 6 (2001), S. 60-68, 2001. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15201.
Повний текст джерелаDie Akustische Laufzeittomographie wird als ein experimentelles Verfahren zur Sondierung meteorologischer Parameter, wie z.B. der Lufttemperatur und der horizontalen Windgeschwindigkeit, vorgestellt. Dieses bodengebundene Fernerkundungsverfahren nutzt die horizontale Ausbreitung von Schallwellen in der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. Hier wird das Verfahren der Laufzeittomographie angewendet, d.h. bei bekannter Weglänge wird die Ausbreitungszeit von ausgesendeten Schallsignalen zwischen mehreren Schallquellen und Empfängern gemessen. Die resultierenden Schallgeschwindigkeitsinformationen werden genutzt, um daraus die entsprechenden meteorologischen Parameter abzuleiten. Auf dem Gelände des Meteorologischen Observatoriums Lindenberg (DWD) wurde eine Messkampagne durchgeführt, um die akustischen Sondierungen mit konventionellen Systemen zu vergleichen. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass einerseits die Genauigkeit der Akustischen Tomographie vergleichbar mit den konventionellen in-situ Messungen ist und andererseits, dass die Lufttemperatur aufgrund des Strahlungseinflusses bei Messungen mit den üblichen Sensoren zum Teil erheblich überschätzt wird.
Elwood, Teri, Whit Bennett, Teh Lai, and Kelly Simmons-Potter. "In-situ comparison of thermal measurement technologies for interpretation of PV module temperature de-rating effects." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622582.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Peng. "Corrosion behaviour of zirconium alloys in high temperature aqueous environment by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corrosion-behaviour-of-zirconium-alloys-in-high-temperature-aqueous-environment-by-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy(e1bf6a9f-c8ca-45db-8e05-14ee723886d9).html.
Повний текст джерелаRodriguez, Jose Ramon. "Experimental and analytical study to model temperature profiles and stoichiometry in oxygen-enriched in-situ combustion." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/134.
Повний текст джерелаJahnke, Sebastian Ingo. "Pipeline leak detection using in-situ soil temperature and strain measurements." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66579.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Civil Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
Brandt, Josef. "Temperature Dependent Size Exclusion Chromatography for Investigating Thermoreversibly Bonding Polymer Systems." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-207589.
Повний текст джерелаMills, Robert Jeffrey. "Abrasive Blasting with Post-Process and In-Situ Characterization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49680.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Banchewski, Juri. "Transient Liquid Assisted Growth of YBCO Superconducting Films: Growth Kinetics, Physical Properties and Vortex Pinning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671035.
Повний текст джерелаLos superconductores de alta temperatura (HTS) han liderado los programas de investigación y desarrollo durante tres décadas y actualmente se encuentran cerca de ser integrados, en aplicaciones de gran escala, en forma de cintas superconductoras (CCs), una arquitectura de cinta robusta y flexible que permite el crecimiento texturado de este material frágil. Un escollo pendiente para la amplia implementación de las CCs es el alto ratio de coste/prestación, esencialmente controlado por el crecimiento complejo y descelerado de la capa de HTS. En esta tesis, cogimos el reto de mejorar el rendimiento y coste de los métodos de crecimiento convencionales a través del desarrollo de una nueva técnica de crecimiento que combina la deposición de soluciones químicas (CSD), deposición del precursor inherentemente de bajo coste, con la alta velocidad de crecimiento, una aproximación de crecimiento de no equilibro que permite la formación de una fase líquida transitoria (Ba-Cu-O) que conduce a la cristalización del producto final: Crecimiento Asistido por Liquido Transitorio a través de CSD (TLAG-CSD). Hemos utilizado este proceso nuevo para crecer capas delgadas de YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO), un material HTS basado en cupratos de inigualables prestaciones bajo campos magnéticos aplicados y altas temperaturas. Estas propiedades tan impresionantes solo se pueden alcanzar si el compuesto, electrónicamente anisotrópico, exhibe una textura biaxial y contiene suficientes defectos para anclar a los vórtices. Por tanto, no solo pretendemos la comprensión de los fundamentos del proceso TLAG-CSD, sino también promover formas de crecimiento epitaxial a grandes velocidades, evitando las causas de degradación de la corriente, y fomentando el enriquecimiento de un paisaje adecuado para el anclaje de vórtices. Para afrontar estos retos, hemos combinado varios métodos avanzados de caracterización: Realizamos experimentos de crecimiento in-situ en una instalación de luz sincrotrón para evaluar la cinética de crecimiento a distintas presiones parcial y total de oxígeno, temperatura de crecimiento, rampa de calentamiento, grosor de la capa HTS y composición, así como la adición de nanopartículas (NP). La combinación de los distintos experimentos se ha resumido satisfactoriamente en los llamados diagramas de fase cinéticos, una representación visual de los procesos fuera del equilibrio y un roadmap para su utilización. Las capas de YBCO epitaxiales orientadas según el eje c se estudiaron minuciosamente con difracción de rayos-X, microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM), experimentos de transporte eléctrico a bajas temperaturas e inducción magnética para identificar las limitaciones y oportunidades del proceso. Ello incluyó estudiar la microstructura del YBCO y las propiedades eléctricas para evitar la reactividad del líquido con el sustrato, la segregación de fases secundarias, a la vez que asegurar la eliminación de CO2 y el dopaje de oxígeno de la estructura cristalina. Revelamos que con el método TLAG-CSD se pueden alcanzar velocidades de crecimiento epitaxial por encima de 100nm/s, sobrepasando dos órdenes de magnitud las técnicas convencionales utilizadas en la fabricación de CC (TFA-CSD/PLD/MOCVD). Las capas superconductoras alcanzaron un alineamiento epitaxial alto de los granos (Δω<0.6º y Δφ<1º), temperaturas críticas (Tc=88-92K) y densidades de corriente crítica competitivas (Jc(77K)=2-5MA/cm2). Además, clasificamos al proceso TLAG-CSD como altamente versátil para enriquecer el paisaje de anclaje de vórtices, no solo a través de la capacidad de promover una alta densidad de faltas de apilamiento y granos de YBCO orientados-ab muy pequeños (5-10nm) en las capas de YBCO, sino por su compatibilidad para formar nanocompuestos con la adición de nanopartículas preformadas.
High temperature superconductors (HTS) have been driving research and development programs for about three decades now and are on the verge of entering large scale utilization in the form of Coated Conductors (CCs), a robust and flexible tape architecture that enables textured growth of the rather brittle material class. A remaining bottleneck for widespread CC implementation is the high cost/performance ratio, essentially controlled by the complex and decelerating step of HTS layer growth. In this thesis we challenge the throughput and cost constraints of conventional growth methods through development of a novel growth technique that combines Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD), an inherently low-cost precursor deposition approach, with a high growth rate, non-equilibrium growth scheme that allows the formation of a transient (Ba-Cu-O) liquid phase prior to crystallization of the final product phase: Transient Liquid-Assisted Growth via CSD (TLAG-CSD). We employed the new process to grow YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) thin films, a cuprate-based HTS material with unmatched current carrying performance in applied magnetic field conditions and at high temperatures. The unprecedented properties can only be reached if the electrically anisotropic compound exhibits biaxial texture and provides sufficient nanometric defects to pin vortices. Hence, not only is the fundamental understanding of the TLAG-CSD process required but also ways to promote epitaxial growth at high rates, avoidance of any current-degrading sources and strategies to enrich the pinning landscape. To tackle these challenges, we combined several advanced characterization methods: In-situ growth experiments at a synchrotron facility were carried out to follow growth kinetics under variation of total and oxygen partial pressures, growth temperatures, heating ramps, film thickness/composition and nanoparticle (NP) addition. The combined set of experiments was successfully summarized in the form of so-called kinetic phase diagrams, a visual representation of the out-of-equilibrium processes and a roadmap for its utilization. Epitaxial, c-axis oriented YBCO films were thoroughly studied via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), low temperature electrical transport and inductive measurements to identify process related limitations and opportunities. This includes probing of the YBCO microstructuture and intrinsic electrical properties to avoid liquid induced substrate reactivity, segregation of secondary phases, while enabling proper CO2 elimination and oxygen doping of the crystal structure. We disclose that epitaxial layer growth rates above 100nm/s can be accomplished through the TLAG-CSD approach, surpassing conventional techniques used in CC manufacturing schemes (TFA-CSD/PLD/MOCVD) by up to two orders of magnitude. Superconducting films are demonstrated to reach high epitaxial grain alignment (Δω<0.6º and Δφ<1º), optimal critical temperatures (Tc=88-92K) and competitive critical current densities (Jc(77K)=2-5MA/cm2). We further classify the TLAG-CSD process as highly versatile in enriching the vortex pinning landscape, not only through its capability to promote a high density of stacking faults and small ab-oriented YBCO grains (5-10nm) in pristine YBCO films, but also through its compatibility with preformed nanoparticle addition in nanocomposites.
Vedantham, Vikram. "In-situ temperature and thickness characterization for silicon wafers undergoing thermal annealing." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1181.
Повний текст джерелаBrunner, Matthias Herbert. "In-situ measurement of blade heat transfer coefficients and gas recovery temperature." kostenfrei, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/view/eth:29954.
Повний текст джерелаKumar, Richi. "In situ nanotomography investigation of cavity nucleation and growth in light alloys during high temperature deformation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAI065.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHigh temperature deformation proceeds in nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids or creep cavities. Hence investigation of damage in form of cavities during high temperature deformation has been a subject of great interest for researchers over the years. Several theoretical models have been proposed to predict cavity nucleation and growth. However despite significant progresses with theoretical models, the experimental investigation of these models have been handful. The main reason for this has been a lack of suitable characterization tools that allows in situ investigation of nucleation and growth of cavities at high spatial resolution (smaller than 1 µm).In the present work a technique for in situ nanotomography investigation during high temperature deformation has been developed. This involved development of two mechanical devices that could fit in a furnace in order to perform 4D in situ damage analysis at high temperature (below 1073 K). Additionally multi resolution data acquisition routines were developed which allowed imaging at high (100 nm) and low resolution (645 nm) periodically. These developments allowed 4D imaging of damage nucleation and growth in form of creep cavities at 100 nm pixel size and scan time of 7 seconds. Thanks to this nucleation and volumetric growth of individual cavities could be tracked during deformation which could in turn be compared to theoretical models.This technique has been used to study nucleation and growth of damage during high temperature deformation (7.9 MPa, 698 K), in Al -3.6 wt% Cu alloy. This model alloy allows controlled generation of second phase particles to promote cavity nucleation and has hence been chosen for the study. Changes in shape of cavities with straining has been examined. Also, the change of volumetric cavity growth rate vs equivalent radius of individual cavities has been compared to existing models of cavity growth by diffusion and plasticity. It was seen that several pre-existing porosities were present in the alloy, while very few cavity nucleations were observed. The experimental data of growth rate matched well with the studied models and it was concluded that cavities initially grew by diffusion, while the growth mechanism changed to plasticity near failure.Further the use of in situ nanotomography has been extended to studying nucleation and growth during high temperature deformation (3.2 MPa, 673 K) in commercial AZ31 alloy. Evolution of small nearly spherical cavities into complex cavities has been studied, by analysing changes in shape during growth. Volumetric cavity growth rate has also been computed and compared to diffusion and grain boundary sliding models. In a specific case grain boundary sliding was calculated by tracking the displacements of intermetallics which acted as markers. Influence of this on a cavity present on the sliding boundary has been studied.Few cavity nucleations were seen during deformation while most of the damage proceeded in growth of pre-existing cavities. Examination of cavity shape indicated diffusion and grain boundary sliding as the dominant mechanisms driving growth. Diffusion dominating growth in early stages (strain below 0.3) of deformation while later an interplay of the two mechanism caused growth. On comparing volumetric growth data with experimental results it was seen that conventional grain boundary diffusion model over predicted growth rate, while constrained diffusion models were successful in predicting growth rate in the correct order of magnitude as seen experimentally. A direct proportionality was observed between grain boundary displacement and cavity length in a cavity where growth dominated by grain boundary sliding. Additionally apart from growth considerable proportion of cavities showed a decrease in volume during deformation. This was attributed to sintering of cavities under the effect of surface tension
Dlugocz, Stephen, and Klaus-Dieter Becker. "Investigating diffusion processes in solids under in situ conditions using high-temperature optical spectroscopy." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-186728.
Повний текст джерелаDlugocz, Stephen, and Klaus-Dieter Becker. "Investigating diffusion processes in solids under in situ conditions using high-temperature optical spectroscopy." Diffusion fundamentals 12 (2010) 35, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13880.
Повний текст джерелаOsorno, Andres. "Dynamic, In-Situ Pressure Measurements during CMP." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7497.
Повний текст джерелаLancaster, Peter Felton. "The surface signature of mesoscale variability in the North East Atlantic using satellite SST and in-situ data." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261850.
Повний текст джерелаSubramaniam, Srinivas. "In Situ High Temperature Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigations of Sintering Behavior in Barium Titanate." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155575558.
Повний текст джерелаBerlin, Katja. "In-situ transmission electron microscopy on high-temperature phase transitions of Ge-Sb-Te alloys." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19219.
Повний текст джерелаHigh-temperature behavior influence many different processes ranging from material processing to device applications. In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides the means for direct observation of atomic processes during structural phase transitions in real time. In this thesis, in-situ TEM is applied to investigate the reversibility of the melting and solidification processes as well as the anisotropic sublimation behavior of Ge-Sb-Te (GST) thin films. The purposeful sample preparation for the successful observation of the high-temperature phase transitions is emphasized. The required encapsulation for the observation of the liquid phase inside the vacuum conditions and the necessary clean surface for sublimation process are discussed in detail. Additionally electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the TEM is used to determine the local chemical composition before and after the phase transitions. The analysis of the interface structure and dynamic during the solid-to-liquid as well as the liquid-to-solid phase transition shows differences between both processes. The trigonal phase of GST exhibits a partially ordered transition zone at the solid-liquid interface during melting while such an intermediate state does not form during solidification. Additionally the melting process proceeds with linear dependence on time, whereas crystallization can be described as having a square-root time-dependency featuring a superimposed start-stop motion. The influence of the interface is addressed and the surface energies of GST are determined. The anisotropic dynamic of the solid-to-gas phase transition of the cubic GST phase leads to the formation of stable {111} facets. This happens via kink and step nucleation on stable terraces. The nucleation rates and the preferred kink nucleation sites are identified and are in accordance with the predictions of terrace-step-kink model.
Erdogan, Selahattin. "Synthesis Of Liquid Crystalline Copolyesters With Low Melting Temperature For In Situ Composite Applications." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613306/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаs were synthesized and categorized with respect to their fiber formation capacity, melting temperature and mechanical properties. The basic chemical structure of synthesized LCP&rsquo
s were composed of p-acetoxybenzoic acid (p-ABA), m-acetoxybenzoic acid (m-ABA), hydroquinone diacetate (HQDA), terephthalic acid (TPA) and isophthalic acid (IPA) and alkyl-diacids monomers. In addition to mentioned monomers, polymers and oligomers were included in the backbone such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) polymers, and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyhexylene naphthalate (PHN) and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) oligomers that contain different kinds of alkyl-diols. We adjusted the LCP content to have low melting point (180oC-280oC) that is processable with thermoplastics. This was achieved by balancing the amount of linear (para) and angular (meta) groups on the aromatic backbones together with the use of linear hydrocarbon linkages in the random copolymerization (esterification) reaction. LCP species were characterized by the following techniques
Polarized Light Microscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Scattering (WAXS, Fiber diffraction), surface free energy, end group analysis (CEG), intrinsic viscosity (IV) and tensile test. According to these analysis LCPs were classified into five main categories
(I) fully aromatics, (II) aromatics+ PET/PEN, (III) aromatics + oligomers (IV) aromatics + short aliphatic diacids, (V) aromatics + long aliphatic diacids. The foremost results of the analysis can be given as below. DSC analysis shows that some LCPs are materials that have stable LC mesogens under polarized light microscopy. In TGA analysis LCPs that have film formation capacity passed the thermal stability test up to 390oC. NMR results proved that predicted structures of LCPs from feed charged to the reactor are correct. In FTIR due to the inclusion of new moieties, several peaks were labeled in the finger-print range that belongs to reactants. In X-ray analysis, LCP24 (containing PET) was found to be more crystalline than LCP25 (containing PEN) which is due to the symmetrical configuration. Block segments were more pronounced in wholly aromatic LCP2 than LCP24 that has flexible spacers. Another important finding is that, as the amount of the charge to the reactor increases CEG value increases and molecular weight of the product decreases. Selected group V species were employed as reinforcing agent and mixed with the thermoplastics
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon6 (PA6), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and appropriate compatibilizers in micro compounder and twin screw extruder. The blends of them were tested in dog-bone and/or fiber form. In general LCPs do not improve the mechanical properties except in composite application with polypropylene. A significant increase in tensile properties is observed by LCP24 and LCP25 usage. Capillary rheometer studies show that the viscosity of ABS decreases with the inclusion PA6 and LCP2 together. In addition to the composite applications, some LCPs are promising with new usage areas. Such as nano fibers with 200nm diameter were obtained from LCP27 by electrospinning method. The high dielectric constant of LCP29 has shown that it may have application areas in capacitors.
Huang, Xi. "In-situ conductivity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (CT-DO) sensor system for marine measurement." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/336240/.
Повний текст джерелаKoumpouras, Georgios. "Mathematical modelling of a low-temperature hydrogen production process with in situ CO₂ capture." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8211.
Повний текст джерелаDeshpande, Anushree. "Synthesis and Characterization of in-situ Nylon-6/Epoxy Blends." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1480328231030708.
Повний текст джерелаESPINOZA, Nikolai da Silva. "Avaliação da ilha de calor urbana em Manaus com dados observados in situ e sensoriamento remoto." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1429.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T19:37:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NIKOLAI DA SILVA ESPINOZA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2017.pdf: 3187688 bytes, checksum: 3f6f29d810cd5a2c18108d0d7b68009a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22
Capes
A ilha de calor urbana (ICU) é um fenômeno importante devido aos seus impactos diretos e indiretos sobre as populações humanas em ambientes urbanos. Esse fenômeno tem sido estudado amplamente usando tanto medições diretas a partir de sensores de temperatura do ar instalados em estações meteorológicas ou a bordo de veículos, como dados de temperatura da superfície medidos por sensoriamento remoto. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a variabilidade temporal e espacial da ICU na cidade de Manaus utilizando dados de precipitação, temperatura e umidade do ar em cinco estações meteorológicas distribuídas na área urbana e uma na área rural durante o período de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014. Adicionalmente, foram obtidas imagens do sensor OLI/TIRS a bordo do satélite Landsat 8 em quatro dias da estação menos chuvosa para estimar a temperatura da superfície e parâmetros de superfície, tais como o NDVI na área que estão inseridas as estações meteorológicas. Os resultados indicaram que a ICU atmosférica ocorre preferencialmente no período noturno, sendo mais intensa e condicionalmente desconfortável durante a estação seca da região. A partir das imagens de satélite, pode-se observar uma relação inversamente proporcional entre a temperatura da superfície e o NDVI, onde a maior variação de temperatura da superfície está localizada em áreas com pouca ou nenhuma vegetação.
The urban heat island (ICU) is an important phenomenon due to its direct and indirect impacts on human populations in urban environments. This phenomenon has been studied extensively using both direct measurements from air temperature sensors installed in fixed weather stations or mobile surveys using automobiles and remotely measured surface temperature data. This work evaluated the temporal and spatial variability of ICU in the city of Manaus using precipitation, temperature and air humidity data in five meteorological stations distributed in the urban area and one in the rural area during the period from July 2013 to July 2014. In addition, images of the Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS satellite were obtained in four days of the less rainy season to estimate the surface temperature in the area comprising the meteorological stations. The results indicated that atmospheric ICU occurs preferentially at night, being more intense and conditionally uncomfortable during the dry season of the region. From the satellite images, an inversely proportional relationship between the surface temperature and the NDVI can be observed, where the highest surface temperature variation is located in areas with little or no vegetation.
GONCALVES, IRACI M. P. "Determinacao do tempo de resposta de sensores de temperatura do tipo RTD atraves de medidas in situ." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1985. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9849.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Anderegg, David Alexander. "In-Situ Monitoring and Simulations of the Non-Isothermal Crystallization of FFF Printed Materials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99303.
Повний текст джерелаMS
Padovani, Stéphane. "Etude par stm a temperature variable et kerr in situ de nanostructures de co/au(111)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13171.
Повний текст джерелаBaier, Sina, Christian D. Damsgaard, Maria Scholz, Federico Benzi, Amélie Rochet, Robert Hoppe, Torsten Scherer, et al. "In Situ Ptychography of Heterogeneous Catalysts using Hard X-Rays: High Resolution Imaging at Ambient Pressure and Elevated Temperature." Cambridge University Press, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70694.
Повний текст джерелаBoychuk, O. V. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study In-Situ State of Health of the Alkaline Zn-Mno2 Batteriesunder Changing of Thermal Modes." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8396.
Повний текст джерелаWilson, Trevor Stewart. "The research and development of in situ non-intrusive optical and temperature diagnostics in an internal combustion engine." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3588/.
Повний текст джерелаWAN, JINGFANG. "In Situ Optically Trapped Probing System for Molecular Recognition and Localization." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250626752.
Повний текст джерелаMalvestam, Daniel. "Implementation of an In-situ Non-contact Temperature Controller for Active Thermal Fatigue Tests of Power Electronics." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97059.
Повний текст джерелаAppelblad, André. "Development of a Temperature Controlled Cell for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for in situ Detection of Gases." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-89799.
Повний текст джерелаDetta dokument beskriver ett examensarbete för civilingenjörsexamen i teknisk fysik vid Umeå Universitet som utförts under vårterminen 2014. I examensarbetet har en kyl-/värmecell för temperaturkontroll av substratytor för ytförstärkt ramanspektroskopi (SERS) för snabb detektion av farliga flyktiga ämnen konstruerats och testats. Arbetet utfördes vid Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI) i Umeå, Sverige. Utgångspunkten var ett Linkam Scientific Instruments TS1500 mikroskopsteg, vilket utrustades med ett Peltierelement för kylning/värmning och en termistor för temperaturövervakning. Ett styrsystem baserat på ett Arduino Uno mikrostyrenhetskort konstruerades med ett motordrivkort (H-brygga) vilket använder pulsbreddsmodulering (PWM) för att reglera spänningen till Peltierelementet utifrån en PI-regulator. Den färdiga cellen klarade att reglera temperaturen på ett SERS-substrat i ett temperaturspann på ungefär -15 till +110 °C med en temperaturstabilitet på ±0.22 °C av måltemperaturen. Cellen testades sedan på flyktiga ämnen för att visa dess funktion. Difluorometyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-kloroetyleter (isofluran) i gasfas, med instrumentluft som bärargas, flödades genom cellen och SERS-spektra erhölls vid olika koncentrationer och temperaturer. Vid samtliga koncentrationer visades att lägre temperatur ger ökad signalstyrka. När ytan sedan värmdes upp sjönk signalen reversibelt tillbaka till ursprungsvärdet. Nyckelord: temperaturkontroll, ytförstärkt ramanspektroskopi, SERS, flyktiga ämnen, Peltierelement, thermistor, PWM, H-brygga, PI(D)-regulator.
Krishnan, Vinu. "LOW TEMPERATURE NITIFE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS: ACTUATOR ENGINEERING AND INVESTIGATION OF DEFORMATION MECHANISMS USING IN SITU NEUTR." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3373.
Повний текст джерелаPh.D.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science & Engr PhD
Johnson, Michael Christopher. "In-situ and post-growth investigation of low temperature Group III-nitride thin films deposited via MOCVD /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9925.
Повний текст джерелаJaníček, Tomáš. "Vliv hybridizačních směsí na intenzitu fluorescence při in situ hybridizaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401944.
Повний текст джерелаVasilescu, Andreea-Roxana. "Design and execution of energy piles : Validation by in-situ and laboratory experiments." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0015/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy piles, also called thermo-active piles, are an alternative solution to the increase in the global energy demand as well as in mitigating socio-economical stakes concerning the increase of energy costs due to fossil fuels. Energy piles are double purpose structures that allow transferring the loads from the superstructure to the soil and that integrate pipe circuits allowing heat exchange between the pile and the surrounding ground. The objective of this thesis is to identify and quantify the principal parameters involved in the geotechnical design of pile foundations impacted by temperature changes associated with geothermal activation. For this purpose, this research work was organized in 3 experimental campaigns: (i) A full scale load controlled test at Ecole des Ponts Paris-Tech, (ii) Full scale energy piles monitoring under real exploitation conditions at Sept Sorts, (Seine et Marne, France), (iii) Laboratory tests in order to assess the effect of temperature and temperature cycles at the soil-pile interface. The experimental results are used to estimate the effect of geothermal activation of a pile foundation, on its bearing capacity as well as on its long-term exploitation. Finally, preliminary numerical simulations were performed using a thermo-hydro mechanical model, using the finite element method code LAGAMINE able to capture the main phenomena
Jagannathan, Deepak. "Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate in cementitious systems : chemomechanical correlations, extreme temperature behavior, and kinetics and morphology of in-situ formation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92651.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 96-102).
Concrete, the second most used material on the planet, is a multi-scale heterogeneous material. A fundamental component known as Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate which forms from the reaction between cement and water is the binding phase in concrete. Curiously, this is the least understood component of concrete because of its porous amorphous structure. Further, beyond mere scientific curiosity, cementS̆s industry large carbon footprint due to its volume of usage sets up a practical context to seek improvements in concrete performance and equip concrete with additional functionalities. It is our contention that we can better understand the least known and crucial component of concrete, Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate, to inform the design of next generation of high performance concrete. With this broad theme, this thesis presents three different aspects of properties of Calcium Silicate Hydrate: chemomechanical correlations, behavior under extreme temperature and pressures, and kinetics and nanostructure of in-situ formation. Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) formed in-situ in concrete is believed to have a layered structure with silicate chains similar to crystal structures of Tobermorite and Jennite. Its chemical composition, characterized by Ca/Si ratio, must therefore influence its silicate chain structure and thus its mechanical properties. We explore the correlation between CS- H composition and its mechanical properties. By varying chemical composition of cement clinkers and supplementary cementitious materials, water/cement ratios, and hydration temperatures, we prepare cement pastes with different C-S-H of different C/S ratios. We use nanoindentation and X-ray spectroscopy to respectively measure the mechanical properties and composition of C-S-H. We then study the mechanical performance of C-S-H at elevated temperatures. This is relevant in the design of infrastructure that can sustain extreme events such as blasts and high velocity impacts. As a starting point for concrete that would enable such infrastructure, we use ultra high performance concrete (UHPC). We use nanoindentation and X-ray spectroscopy to respectively measure mechanical properties and composition of individual components of UHPC. We compare the composition and properties of C-S-H found in UHPC to that found in ordinary cement pastes (OPC). Our grid nanoindentation experiments also reveal an artifacts created by the incorporation of steel fiber reinforcements in UHPC. We find that steel fiber reinforcements disrupt the perfect packing of constituent materials in UHPC to create capillary porosity at microscale. Further, we study the mechanical properties of C-S-H in concrete specimens subjected to high temperatures of 400°C and 1000°C. As a product of the reaction between cement and water, the properties of C-S-H are ultimately controlled by the reaction. To obtain quantitative kinetics, we use time-lapse optical microscopy to study hydration of micron sized monoclinic C₃S particles with in droplets of water of 50 [mu]m. Using Raman spectroscopy, we characterize the hydration product growing inside these droplets.
by Deepak Jagannathan.
S.M.
Schlegel, Robert William. "Comparing in situ and satellite temperature data on the Agulhas Bank to understand changes in anchovy (Engroulis encrasicolus) distribution." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13052.
Повний текст джерелаSatellite data have high spatial/ temporal resolution, extensive coverage and are easily accessible, making them a common part of many studies on the oceans. One such important study to use satellite data found a relationship between the cross-shelf SST difference on the Agulhas Bank and the relative distribution of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) spawner biomass east of Cape Agulhas. However, other studies have shown that nearshore satellite data may not be as accurate as originally believed. Using the relationship observed in the aforementioned study as a test, I compared time series' from two types of in situ temperature data to satellite SST data. A combined CTD/CalVET (PISCTD) data set was used for in situ data on the coastal and offshore regions of the Agulhas bank whereas a data set with two UTRs was used for inshore in situ data. None of the data sets correlated significantly with each other, save the two UTRs. Both in situ data sets showed a negative relationship between the size of the cross-shelf temperature difference on the Agulhas bank and the increase in anchovy biomass there, whereas the satellite data showed a positive relationship. This was largely due to the pattern of decadal warming observed in the in situ data whereas the satellite data showed decadal cooling. Even though it was found that the difference in sampling methodology between the satellite and in situ data sets prevented them from being accurately compared, the difference in the annual and decadal patterns between these two types of data do support other findings showing discrepancies between remotely-sensed and in situ data for nearshore environments.
Darros, Barbosa Roger. "High pressure and temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties of model food solutions obtained from in situ ultrasonic measurements." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000671.
Повний текст джерелаBeale, Andrew Michael. "Novel low temperature preparation methods for mixed complex oxide catalysts and their characterisation via in situ SR techniques." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1453143/.
Повний текст джерелаAlvarez, Murga Michelle Jenice. "Microdiffraction et microtomographie in situ des transformations hétérogènes du C¦« sous haute pression et haute température." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY091/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe C60 reaction diagram continues to be a subject of discussion and controversy, despite the vast amount of experimental and theoretical work done over the years. This is mainly due the lack of in situ studies, the highly disordered-states showing poorly resolved diffraction peaks and the coexistence of several low-density polytypes. This manuscript presents a systematic in situ study of high-pressure–high-temperature forms C60 in the range of 1-10 GPa and 300-1200 K. In order to discriminate poly(a)morphs with similar densities in heterogeneous samples, we used a combination of microdiffraction and microtromography. The samples were synthesized in a Paris-Edinburgh cell and characterized using in situ angular dispersive X-ray diffraction. Three-dimensional submicron images were obtained on quenched samples using diffraction/scattering microtomography. This method provides 3D analysis of the scattering intensity reconstructed from sets of 2D microdiffraction projections. Such analysis is non-destructive and provides high sensitivity (0.1% volume), high spatial resolution (µm3) and can be multi-modal providing quantitative information on the morphology, density, elemental composition or structure of materials. Additionally, we describe the development of in situ high-pressure–high-temperature microtomography using a new rotating Paris-Edinburgh cell (RoToPEC) combined with synchrotron radiation. The ability to fully rotate the sample chamber under load, overcomes the limited angular aperture of ordinary high-pressure cells for acquiring tomographic projections in both, full-field imaging or microdiffraction modes. This innovative method enables dynamic studies of materials under extreme pressure-temperature-stress conditions, impacting areas such as physics, chemistry, materials science or geology. The potential of this new experimental technique is demonstrated on the in situ investigation of of high-pressure–high-temperature polymerization of C60 . Keywords: C60, phase diagram, diffraction, microtomography, high-pressure–high-temperature
Fang, Qingping [Verfasser]. "Investigation of in-situ electrode formation with respect to potential applications in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells / Qingping Fang." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1019952288/34.
Повний текст джерелаZamora, Torres David, and Felix Abeln. "Design of an In-situ cell, for hard X-ray spectroscopy of surfaces used in high-pressure and high-temperature experiments : Design av en In-situ cell för intensiv röntgenspektroskopi i högtryck- högtemperaturexperiment." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för materialvetenskap och tillämpad matematik (MTM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45607.
Повний текст джерелаDetta projekt analyserar hur en in-situ cell kan utvecklas för att motstå höga mängder tryck och temperatur på minst 100 bar och 500 °C . En teoretisk prototyp kommer att skapas som en produkt för Malmö universitet och andra forskare att använda eller förbättra. För att göra detta möjligt användes femstegsmetoden för att presentera ett symmetriskt och geometriskt koncept för cellen. Det geometriska konceptet kommer att utformas 3-dimensionellt i PTC Creo (Version 6.0.2.0 7.0) och 2-dimensionella ritningar . GRANTA EduPack-programmen (Version 2020 \& Version 2019) tillsammans med Hephaestus användes för att bestämma ett materialval som kommer att kunna tolerera temperatur, tryck och vara minst tio procent transparent för att röntgenstrålningen ska kunna passera genom materialet och in i provet. Finite Element Method (FEM) kommer att användas för att säkerställa att cellen följer de inställda tryckvärdena och inte orsakar katastrofala fel. Resultatet visar sig vara en elliptisk tredelad in-situ cell av borkarbid som ett yttre skal, beryllium som huvudkupol och en rostfri stålplatta som underlag för materialprovet. Finite Element Method visade också att den designade in-situ-cellen uppfyller kraven och därför uppfyller målet och syftet. Detta innebär att vidareutveckling av säkerhetsfunktioner och utrustning kommer att behövas för att minimera risken för berusning från berylliumdammet.
Saraiva, Letícia Oliveira. "Influência da umidade e temperatura intrabucais na resistência de união de sistemas adesivos convencionais de dois passos à dentina : estudo in situ." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Odontologia da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11031.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito das condições de temperatura e umidade relativa intrabucais na resistência de união à dentina de dois sistemas adesivos convencionais de dois passos (Single Bond 2/SB2 e One Step Plus/OSP), e avaliar a umidade e a temperatura presentes nas regiões de incisivos e molares superiores. Sessenta fragmentos dentários foram esterilizados, fixados em moldeiras de acetato individualizadas, e posicionados in situ em um voluntário para serem restaurados com resina composta, sendo aleatoriamente divididos em seis grupos, de acordo com o sistema adesivo e com a condição de temperatura e umidade: G1 – SB2 na condição ambiental de um consultório odontológico; G2 – SB2 na condição da região de incisivos; G3 – SB2 na condição da região de molares; G4 – OSP na condição ambiental de um consultório odontológico; G5 – OSP na condição da região de incisivos e G6 – OSP na condição da região de molares. Em todas as condições, foram obtidas e registradas a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar no momento e no local em que as restaurações foram produzidas, usando um termo-higrômetro digital. Após ensaio de microtração, os dados do teste de resistência de união foram submetidos à análise estatística (ANOVA - 2 fatores/ Teste de Tukey, α=5%) e os valores médios em MPa foram: G1 = 20,2 (7,6); G2 = 23,0 (6,5); G3 = 22,7 (6,0); G4 = 29,0 (5,8); G5 = 29,7 (4,9) e G6 = 27,7 (4,8). Os resultados demonstraram que os grupos que utilizaram o OSP (G4, G5 e G6) apresentaram médias semelhantes entre si (p=0,67) e maiores do que os grupos que utilizaram o SB2 (G1, G2 e G3) (p=0,001), também semelhantes entre si (p=0,67). Foi observado que as condições de temperatura presentes nas regiões intrabucais (incisivos e molares) foram semelhantes entre si, e maiores que a condição ambiental do consultório odontológico. A condição de umidade na região de molares foi superior à condição na região de incisivos, e esta foi maior do que a condição presente no ambiente do consultório odontológico. As condições de temperatura e umidade intrabucais não influenciaram a resistência de união dos sistemas adesivos simplificados à dentina. O sistema adesivo One Step Plus apresentou melhores resultados que o sistema Single Bond 2, independentemente das condições de umidade e temperatura.
Salvador
Li, Hao. "Appproche structurale in situ des milieux fondus sous conditions extrêmes de température et de pression." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2054/document.
Повний текст джерелаReal time thermal remote sensing of active volcanic systems is a crucial technique for understanding the behavior and eruptive activity of hot magmatic bodies. Such technology relies on determining the thermal emissivity of the magma, a parameter to identify the temperature of magma. We used a direct method to obtain a spectrum in the wavenumber range from 400 to 13000 cm-1; the natural (volcano Erebus and Teide) and synthetic samples were heated up from room temperature to 2000K with a CO2 laser and data were collected during all the heating stage with a FTIR spectrometer.Our results thus indicate that thermal emissivity of magmatic rock is affected by changes in composition and thermal history. The emissivity measurements show the important role of the iron and the cooling rate on the spectral response of the phonolite composition. These are important observations since different emissivity will lead to different temperature determinations and hence, an erroneous interpretation on the rheology and thermal efficiency of the magmatic body
Crivoi, Maicon Rogerio. "Estudo in situ da deformação criogênica em aços inoxidáveis aisi 430 e AISI 316l utilizando radiação síncrotron." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2614.
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Dois aços inoxidáveis (AISI430 ferrítico e AISI316L austenítico) foram analisados por testes de tração uniaxial às temperaturas ambiente e criogênica, com taxas de deformação controladas para ambos os metais. Utilizou-se o equipamento Synchrotron Gleeble®, capaz de realizar medições de difração de raios X in situ, controlando a temperatura da amostra, a condição de tensão / tração, bem como a atmosfera da câmara e permitindo também a injeção de nitrogênio líquido diretamente sobre a amostra com excelente versatilidade e reprodutibilidade. Os testes foram realizados em um sistema de simulação termomecânica avançado, XTMS, localizado Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais - CNPEM - Campinas, SP, Brasil. A caracterização foi realizada por meio de imagens MEV e XRD in situ. As fotomicrografias e os resultados dos ensaios de tração mostram que o aço AISI 430 apresenta uma fratura dúctil à temperatura ambiente e fratura frágil a temperatura criogênica com aumento da resistência. Os resultados do aço AISI 316L evidenciam que o material tem uma fratura dúctil em ambas as condições. Para este mesmo metal, o alongamento a ambas as temperaturas foi praticamente o mesmo, mas a resistência à tração no ambiente criogênico foi muito maior. Este comportamento pode estar associado ao efeito TRIP, o que está de acordo com os dados XRD, uma vez que os picos de martensita α' induzida por deformação são evidenciados.
Two stainless steels (AISI430 ferritic and AISI316L austenitic) were analyzed by uniaxial tensile tests at room and cryogenic temperatures, with controlled strain rates for both metals. The Gleeble® Synchrotron system was used; it is capable to perform X-ray diffraction measurements in situ, controlling the sample temperature, controlling the stress / strain condition, as well as the chamber atmosphere, and also allowing the injection of liquid nitrogen directly into the sample with excellent versatility and reproducibility. The tests were performed in an advanced thermo mechanical simulation system, XTMS, located in the National Center for Research in Energy and Materials - CNPEM - Campinas, SP, Brazil. The characterization was performed by means of SEM images and in situ XRD. The photomicrographs and the results of the tensile tests show that AISI 430 steel presents a ductile fracture at room temperature and fragile fracture at cryogenic temperature with resistance increasing. The results of the AISI 316 L steel show that the material has a ductile fracture in both conditions. For this same metal, the elongation at both temperatures was practically the same, but the tensile strength in the cryogenic environment was much higher. This behavior may be associated with the TRIP effect, which agrees with the XRD data, since peaks of α’ strain induced martensite are evidenced.
Herman, David M. "Fatigue Crack Growth and Toughness of Niobium Silicide Composites." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228932584.
Повний текст джерелаPhilippe, Julien. "Développement d'une presse portative pour les études in et ex situ sous conditions extrêmes de pression, température et déformation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066008.
Повний текст джерелаHigh pressures are essential in several scientific field. This will be the case in this thesis with the development of a new device enabling new possibilities tomography and deformation under high pressure and high temperature. It brings the possibility of further scientific studies in the various disciplines that are Earth science, mechanical chemistry, physics of materials and liquids physics