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Статті в журналах з теми "In-situ aging"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Bambach, Margarita D., Łukasz Szczepański, and Andrzej M. Żak. "In Situ and Ex Situ TEM Analysis of the Copper Precipitation in Martensitic Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 53, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 1145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06561-6.

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AbstractThe conventional and in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging of quenched 1.5 pct Cu steel has shown that Cu phases are present even before aging and do not disappear after typical aging times. The 9R precipitates appear after 15 minutes of heating, but they are more noticeable after longer processing times. This suggests that the precipitation mechanisms in carbon steels deserve further analysis, especially because of the inevitable increase in the Cu content in the steel ingots.

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2

Wang, Song, Tingting Zheng, Ming Xie, Yongtai Chen, and Jiming Zhang. "Aging hardening characteristic and electrical conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr-Mo in situ composite." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 23, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0313.

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AbstractCu-0.85Cr-0.5Zr-0.5Mo in situ composite was prepared by continuous casting, cold drawing, and aging treatment. By means of the analysis of microhardness, electrical conductivity, and transmission electron microscopy, the aging characteristics and microstructures of the in situ composite were investigated at different aging temperatures and aging times after cold deformation. The results show that the Cu-0.85Cr-0.5Zr-0.5Mo in situ composite has an excellent combination of the microhardness and electrical conductivity aged at 500°C for 4 h, and the microhardness and electrical conductivity reach 171 HV and 81.3% IACS, respectively. Small dispersed particles could strongly pin dislocations and stabilize the substructure from deformation. The main strengthening mechanisms for the in situ composite alloy are the work hardening and the secondary phase or interface strengthening. It was suggested that cold deformation before aging treatment can accelerate the precipitation of the secondary phase and improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu-Cr-Zr-Mo in situ composite.

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3

Li, Yong, Rui Qing Liu, and Fang Xu. "Effect of Aging Treatment on the Thermal Stability and Properties of Cu-10Fe-3Ag In Situ Composites." Advanced Materials Research 366 (October 2011): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.343.

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The effects of aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-10Fe-3Ag in-situ composite were investigated. And the mechanism of Ag element was analyzed during aging treatment. The results show that: presence of Ag can accelerate γ-Fe precipitation from in the Cu matrix, but also reduces the thermal stability of Fe fibers. As the aging temperature increasing, the hardness and conductivity of Cu-10Fe-3Ag in-situ composite increase at first and then decrease. The conductivity of Cu-10Fe-3Ag in-situ composite can reach 58.4% IACS when aging for 6h at 475 °C. The Fractures of the alloy are all ductile rupture and the dimples are smaller with the aging temperature increasing.

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4

Waaijer, Mariëtte E. C., David A. Gunn, Diana van Heemst, P. Eline Slagboom, John M. Sedivy, Roeland W. Dirks, Hans J. Tanke, Rudi G. J. Westendorp, and Andrea B. Maier. "Do senescence markers correlate in vitro and in situ within individual human donors?" Aging 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.101389.

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5

Erarslan, Yaman. "Fabrication and Aging Behaviour of In-Situ Aluminum Composites." Materials Testing 53, no. 5 (May 2011): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/120.110227.

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6

Jakob, Franz, Regina Ebert, Maximilian Rudert, Ulrich Nöth, Heike Walles, Denitsa Docheva, Matthias Schieker, Lorenz Meinel, and Jürgen Groll. "In situ guided tissue regeneration in musculoskeletal diseases and aging." Cell and Tissue Research 347, no. 3 (October 20, 2011): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-011-1237-z.

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7

Baurès, E., C. Berho, M. F. Pouet, and O. Thomas. "In situ UV monitoring of wastewater: a response to sample aging." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0015.

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The phenomenon of wastewater sample aging is supposed to be treated with a low temperature autosampler. This work presents two examples of treated wastewater, the quality of which varies with the time of conservation. This evolution may pose some problems with respect to regulation compliance or process control. After the explanation of the mechanisms involved in sample aging, some recommendations are proposed in order to improve the UV off-line measurement of TSS and COD of treated wastewater.

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8

FARAJOLLAHI, Ramezanali, Hamed JAMSHIDI AVAL, and Roohollah JAMAATI. "Non-isothermal aging behavior of in-situ AA2024−Al3NiCu composite." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 32, no. 7 (July 2022): 2125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(22)65935-1.

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9

Ben, Haoxi, and Arthur J. Ragauskas. "In Situ NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil during Accelerated Aging." ChemSusChem 5, no. 9 (August 7, 2012): 1687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201200429.

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10

Waldera-Lupa, Daniel M., Faiza Kalfalah, Ana-Maria Florea, Steffen Sass, Fabian Kruse, Vera Rieder, Julia Tigges, et al. "Proteome-wide analysis reveals an age-associated cellular phenotype of in situ aged human fibroblasts." Aging 6, no. 10 (November 2, 2014): 856–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.100698.

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11

Poindexter, Jeanne S., Kanan P. Pujara, and James T. Staley. "In Situ Reproductive Rate of FreshwaterCaulobacter spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 4105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.9.4105-4111.2000.

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ABSTRACT Electron microscope grids were submerged in Lake Washington, Seattle, Wash., in June 1996 as bait to which Caulobactersp. swarmers would attach and on which they would then reproduce in situ. Enumeration of bands in the stalks of attached cells implied that the caulobacters were completing approximately three reproductive cycles per day. A succession of morphological types of caulobacters occurred, as well as an episode of bacteriovore grazing that slowed the accumulation of caulobacters and prevented the aging of the population.

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12

PENG, P., Z. H. JIN, K. LU, and Z. Q. HU. "DECOMPOSITION KINETICS OF Cu-10aT%Co ALLOY STUDIED BY IN-SITU ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2002): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202009561.

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The spinodal decomposition processes in the rapidly solidified Cu-10aT%Co alloy aged at several temperatures have been investigated using an in-situ electrical resistance measurement method combining a slowly scanning x-ray diffraction technique. Based on the Cahn-Hilliard theory, the time-dependences of amplification factor of the concentration modulation R(β) at different aging temperatures were calculated, and the Co atomic concentration of Co-rich region and Co-depleted region in the aged alloy were also deduced. The results showed that the evolution of composition modulation in microstructure in Cu-10aT%Co alloy can be monitored and characterized by an in-situ electrical resistance measurement method if only the degree of phase decomposition at some aging temperature and aging time had been previously deteced.

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13

Wei, Wei, Kun Xia Wei, Igor V. Alexandrov, Qing Bo Du, and Jing Hu. "Effect of Aging Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Cu-5.7%Cr In Situ Composite Produced by Equal Channel Angular Pressing." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.344.

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The effect of aging treatment on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-5.7%Cr in situ composite produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated here. The rotation and spreading of Cr particles was observed in Cu-5.7%Cr alloy during the ECAP, resulting in long thin in situ filaments. The equiaxed grains of the Cu phase with an average size of 200 nm were developed after eight passes of ECAP. When aging at 400~450 °C for 1 h, Cu-5.7%Cr composite after ECAP shows the maximum microhardness, and the electrical conductivity is larger than 70% of IACS. At 400 °C, the peak aging time appears for 0.5~2 h, dependent on the pre-strain for all ECAP samples. With the increase of ECAP passes, the enhancement of tensile strength due to the aging treatment declines, and even shows negative after eight passes of ECAP. The combination of ECAP and aging treatment would be a promising process to balance mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-5.7%Cr composite.

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14

Muntifering, B., A. Dunn, R. Dingreville, J. Qu, and K. Hattar. "In-Situ TEM He+ Implantation and Thermal Aging of Nanocrystalline Fe." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, S3 (August 2015): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615001361.

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15

Xiuqing, Zhang, Liao Lihua, Ma Naiheng, and Wang Haowei. "Effect of aging hardening on in situ synthesis magnesium matrix composites." Materials Chemistry and Physics 96, no. 1 (March 2006): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.06.027.

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16

Wang, Xiaofei, John Keane, Tony Tae-Hyoung Kim, Pulkit Jain, Qianying Tang, and Chris H. Kim. "Silicon Odometers: Compact In Situ Aging Sensors for Robust System Design." IEEE Micro 34, no. 6 (November 2014): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mm.2014.2.

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17

Zahid, G. H., T. Azhar, M. Musaddiq, S. S. Rizvi, M. Ashraf, N. Hussain, and M. Iqbal. "In situ processing and aging behaviour of an aluminium/Al2O3 composite." Materials & Design 32, no. 3 (March 2011): 1630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.10.020.

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18

Schueneman, Gregory T., Christopher G. Hunt, Steven Lacher, Christopher C. White, Donald L. Hunston, Andreas Wolf, and S. W. Dean. "In Situ Measurement of Compression Set in Building Sealants During Outdoor Aging." Journal of ASTM International 9, no. 1 (2012): 104142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai104142.

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19

Nguyen, Kien, Ewen Bellec, Edoardo Zatterin, Gwenael Le Rhun, Patrice Gergaud, and Nicolas Vaxelaire. "Structural Insights of Electrical Aging in PZT Thin Films as Revealed by In Situ Biasing X-ray Diffraction." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 4500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164500.

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Electrical aging in lead zirconate titanate (PbZrxTi1−xO3) thin films has been intensively studied from a macroscopic perspective. However, structural origins and consequences of such degradation are less documented. In this study, we have used synchrotron radiation to evaluate the behavior of ferroelectric domains by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sample was loaded with an AC triangular bias waveform between ±10 V with a number of cycle varying from one up to 108. At each step of the aging procedure, XRD spectra had been collected in situ during the application of an electric field on a capacitor. The fine analysis of the (200) pseudo-cubic peak structure allows to separate the evolution of the volume of a/c tetragonal and rhombohedral domains along the electrical biasing. Throughout the aging, both intrinsic and extrinsic responses of tetra and rhombohedral domains are altered, the behavior depending on the observed phase. This methodology opens up new perspectives in the comprehension of the aging effect in ferroelectric thin film.

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20

Bickford-Wimer, Paula C., Ann-Charlotte Granholm, and Greg A. Gerhardt. "Cerebellar noradrenergic systems in aging: Studies in situ and in in oculo grafts." Neurobiology of Aging 9 (January 1988): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(88)80118-0.

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21

Lee, Kap Ho, Yeung Jo Lee, and Kenji Hiraga. "Precipitation behavior in the early stage of aging in an Al–Li°Cu–Mg–Zr–Ag (Weldalite 049) alloy." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 2 (February 1999): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0056.

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The precipitation behavior of various phases during the aging process of an Ag–Li°Cu–Mg–Zr–Ag (Weldalite 049) alloy was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy and in situ hot-stage microscopy. Two kinds of domains with L12-type ordered structures, which are considered to be δ′ and β′ phases, are observed with different domain sizes in the alloy quenched from 530 °C. In the early stage of aging at 190 °C, the δ′ phase is precipitated as surrounding the β' phase, and the δ′ domains appear with in-phase and antiphase relationships to the β′ lattices. In situ observations at 190 °C clearly show that the T1 phase precipitates predominantly on dislocations at subgrain boundaries and then is homogeneously formed in the matrix with increasing aging time. The nucleation of the S′ phase is associated with clustering of Cu and Mg in the matrix, and the S0 domains are grown with {210} habit planes.

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22

Weber, H., A. Rauch, S. Adamski, K. Chakravarthy, A. Kulkarni, B. Dogdas, C. Bendtsen, et al. "Automated rodent in situ muscle contraction assay and myofiber organization analysis in sarcopenia animal models." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): 2087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00871.2011.

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Age-related sarcopenia results in frailty and decreased mobility, which are associated with increased falls and long-term disability in the elderly. Given the global increase in lifespan, sarcopenia is a growing, unmet medical need. This report aims to systematically characterize muscle aging in preclinical models, which may facilitate the development of sarcopenia therapies. Naïve rats and mice were subjected to noninvasive micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, terminal in situ muscle function characterizations, and ATPase-based myofiber analysis. We developed a Definiens (Parsippany, NJ)-based algorithm to automate micro-CT image analysis, which facilitates longitudinal in vivo muscle mass analysis. We report development and characterization of translational in situ skeletal muscle performance assay systems in rat and mouse. The systems incorporate a custom-designed animal assay stage, resulting in enhanced force measurement precision, and LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX)-based algorithms to support automated data acquisition and data analysis. We used ATPase-staining techniques for myofibers to characterize fiber subtypes and distribution. Major parameters contributing to muscle performance were identified using data mining and integration, enabled by Labmatrix (BioFortis, Columbia, MD). These technologies enabled the systemic and accurate monitoring of muscle aging from a large number of animals. The data indicated that longitudinal muscle cross-sectional area measurement effectively monitors change of muscle mass and function during aging. Furthermore, the data showed that muscle performance during aging is also modulated by myofiber remodeling factors, such as changes in myofiber distribution patterns and changes in fiber shape, which affect myofiber interaction. This in vivo muscle assay platform has been applied to support identification and validation of novel targets for the treatment of sarcopenia.

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23

Ferdowsi, Mahmoud Reza Ghandehari, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Zhi Yang Wang, Peter A. Lynch, and Matthew R. Barnett. "In Situ Synchrotron Analysis of Twinning Stresses in an Aged Mg-4.5Zn Alloy." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1579.

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Aging increases the yield strength of aged Mg-Zn alloys. The effect of aging on the stress required for twinning is examined using in-situ transmission based synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The as extruded material was aged at variety of temperatures for different times. It is found that increasing sample diameter (thickness) results in peak broadening. The data are analysed to establish the evolution of twin volume fraction with stress. Results indicated an increase in twinning stress at 10% twin volume fraction in aged samples in comparison with non-aged condition. The investigation showed a strong relation between the macroscopic yield stress and the twinning stress (at 10% twin volume fraction).

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24

Crine, J. P. "Difficulties in evaluating aging in high voltage underground cables from in situ measurements." NDT & E International 24, no. 6 (December 1991): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90049-9.

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25

Pereira Neto, Leonel Gonçalves, Bruno Cesar Rossini, Celso Luis Marino, Peter E. Toorop, and Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral Silva. "Comparative Seeds Storage Transcriptome Analysis of Astronium fraxinifolium Schott, a Threatened Tree Species from Brazil." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 13852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213852.

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Astronium fraxinifolium Schott (Anacardiaceae), also known as a ‘gonçalo-alves’, is a tree of the American tropics, with distribution in Mexico, part of Central America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. In Brazil it is an endangered species that occurs in the Cerrado, Caatinga and in the Amazon biomes. In support of ex situ conservation, this work aimed to study two accessions with different longevity (p50) of A. fraxinifolium collected from two different geographic regions, and to evaluate the transcriptome during aging of the seeds in order to identify genes related to seed longevity. Artificial ageing was performed at a constant temperature of 45 °C and 60% relative humidity. RNA was extracted from 100 embryonic axes exposed to control and aging conditions for 21 days. The transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes such as Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) genes, genes involved in the photosystem, glycine rich protein (GRP) genes, and several transcription factors associated with embryo development and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Thus, these results contribute to understanding which genes play a role in seed ageing, and may serve as a basis for future functional characterization of the seed aging process in A. fraxinifolium.

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26

Zhang, R. Y., H. L. Qin, Z. N. Bi, J. Li, S. Paul, T. L. Lee, S. Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, and H. B. Dong. "Evolution of Lattice Spacing of Gamma Double Prime Precipitates During Aging of Polycrystalline Ni-Base Superalloys: An In Situ Investigation." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05536-y.

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Abstract Polycrystalline Ni-base superalloy Inconel 718 derives the strengthening mainly from Ni3Nb γ″ phase. To investigate the evolution of lattice spacing of γ″ precipitates, in situ neutron diffraction experiments were performed during aging heat treatment of two Inconel 718 bar samples at 780 °C for 8 hours. One sample was aged with a negligible applied stress (5 MPa) and the other with an applied tensile stress of 300 MPa. The diffraction data demonstrate three stages of lattice spacing evolution due to compositional and morphological changes during aging. (1) Stage I, the γ lattice spacing decreases isotropically in the first hour of aging as the composition changes. (2) Stage II, the γ lattice spacing decreases and the γ″ lattice spacing increases between 1 and 5 hours of aging, at this stage compositional change on the lattice evolution weakens with aging time and the morphological change becomes comparable. (3) Stage III, as aging proceeds, compositional change is negligible, while morphological change is dominant; the γ lattice spacing decreases in the longitudinal direction but increases in the transverse direction; in contrast, the converse occurs in γ″ lattice spacing evolution.

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27

Giurgiutiu, Victor, Andrei Zagrai, and JingJing Bao. "Embedded Active Sensors for In-Situ Structural Health Monitoring of Thin-Wall Structures." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 3 (July 26, 2002): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1484117.

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The use of embedded piezoelectric-wafer active-sensors for in-situ structural health monitoring of thin-wall structures is presented. Experiments performed on aircraft-grade metallic specimens of various complexities exemplified the detection procedures for near-field and far-field damage. For near-field damage detection, the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method was used. Systematic experiments conducted on statistical samples of incrementally damaged specimens were followed by illustrative experiments on realistic aging aircraft panels. For far-field damage detection, guided ultrasonic Lamb waves were utilized in conjunction with the pulse-echo technique. Systematic experiments conducted on aircraft-grade metallic plates were used to develop the method, while experiments performed on realistic aging-aircraft panels exemplified the crack detection procedure.

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28

Adeniyi, Philip A., Katie-Anne Fopiano, Fatima Banine, Mariel Garcia, Xi Gong, C. Dirk Keene, Larry S. Sherman, Zsolt Bagi, and Stephen A. Back. "Multispectral LEDs Eliminate Lipofuscin-Associated Autofluorescence for Immunohistochemistry and CD44 Variant Detection by in Situ Hybridization in Aging Human, non-Human Primate, and Murine Brain." ASN Neuro 14 (January 2022): 175909142211231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914221123138.

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A major limitation of mechanistic studies in aging brains is the lack of routine methods to robustly visualize and discriminate the cellular distribution of tissue antigens using fluorescent immunohistochemical multi-labeling techniques. Although such approaches are routine in non-aging brains, they are not consistently feasible in the aging brain due to the progressive accumulation of autofluorescent pigments, particularly lipofuscin, which strongly excite and emit over a broad spectral range. Consequently, aging research has relied upon colorimetric antibody techniques, where discrimination of tissue antigens is often challenging. We report the application of a simple, reproducible, and affordable protocol using multispectral light-emitting diodes (mLEDs) exposure for the reduction/elimination of lipofuscin autofluorescence (LAF) in aging brain tissue from humans, non-human primates, and mice. The mLEDs lamp has a broad spectral range that spans from the UV to infrared range and includes spectra in the violet/blue and orange/red. After photo quenching, the LAF level was markedly reduced when the tissue background fluorescence before and after mLEDs exposure was compared (p < 0.0001) across the spectral range. LAF elimination was estimated at 95 ± 1%. This approach permitted robust specific fluorescent immunohistochemical co-visualization of commonly studied antigens in aging brains. We also successfully applied this method to specifically visualize CD44 variant expression in aging human cerebral white matter using RNAscope fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Photo quenching provides an attractive means to accelerate progress in aging research by increasing the number of molecules that can be topologically discriminated by fluorescence detection in brain tissue from normative or pathological aging.

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29

de Lima, Milton Sergio Fernandes, Rafael Humberto de Mota Siqueira, Sheila Medeiros de Carvalho, and Antonio Jorge Abdalla. "Hardening Effects of In-Situ Aging for a Laser Welded Maraging Steel." Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jastsp.2019.237.247.

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30

Muntifering, B., P. A. Juan, R. Dingreville, J. Qu, and K. Hattar. "In-Situ TEM Self-Ion Irradiation and Thermal Aging of Optimized Zirlo." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, S3 (July 2016): 1472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616008205.

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31

Melova, Simon, Julie A. Schneider, Pinar E. Coskun, David A. Bennett, and Douglas C. Wallace. "Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in aging human brain and in situ PCR of mtDNA." Neurobiology of Aging 20, no. 5 (September 1999): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(99)00092-5.

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32

Inoue, N., T. Muroga, A. Nishimura, K. Oguri, H. Yabe, S. Uchida, and Y. Nishi. "In situ phase characterization in tempering and aging of Fe–Cr–W steels." Journal of Nuclear Materials 307-311 (December 2002): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(02)01085-1.

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33

Li, Shilei, Yanli Wang, and Xitao Wang. "In Situ Observation of the Deformation and Fracture Behaviors of Long-Term Thermally Aged Cast Duplex Stainless Steels." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020258.

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Cast duplex stainless steel (CDSS) components suffer embrittlement after long-term thermal aging. The deformation and fracture behaviors of un-aged and thermally aged (at 400 °C for 20,000 h) CDSS were investigated using in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength of CDSS had a small increase, and the tensile fracture changed from ductile to brittle after thermal aging. Observations using in situ SEM indicated that the initial cracks appeared in the ferrite perpendicular to the loading direction after the macroscopic stress exceeded a critical value. The premature fracture of ferrite grains caused stress on the phase boundaries, leading the cracks to grow into austenite. The cleavage fracture of ferrite accelerated the shearing of austenite and reduced the plasticity of the thermally aged CDSS.

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34

Chen, Yue Hui, Li Deng, Zhong Biao Man, and Miao Yang. "Effect of In Situ Surface Modificated Nano-Zinc Oxide on the Curing Structure and Property of Natural Rubber Conventional Vulcanization." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1757.

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In-situ surface modificated nano-zinc oxide was prepared in sol-gel method and the microscopic structure of the zinc oxide particles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of the nano-zinc oxide on the physical properties of NR vulcanizates was investigated, and the vulcanizates heat-resistant oxygen aging property was studied by the hot air accelerated aging method. Therefore, not only can the strength and elongation properties of vulcanizates greatly be improved, but aslo the heat oxygen aging property of vulcanizate rubber was extremely promoted.

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Dunnell, Liam, Anna Nicole Barnard, Katie Chu, Ania Barling, Jonathan Birns, and Grace Walker. "In Situ Simulation Training for Frailty." Geriatrics 8, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics8010026.

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Background: People living with frailty account for a significant proportion of hospital inpatients and are at increased risk of adverse events during admission. The understanding of frailty remains variable among hospital staff, and there is a need for effective frailty training across multidisciplinary teams. Simulation is known to be advantageous for improving human factor skills in multidisciplinary teams. In situ simulation can increase accessibility and promote ward team learning, but its effectiveness with respect to frailty has not been explored. Method: A single-centre, multi-fidelity, inter-professional in situ frailty simulation programme was developed. One-hour sessions were delivered weekly using frailty-based clinical scenarios. Mixed-method evaluation was used, with data collected pre- and post-session for comparison. Results: In total, 86 multidisciplinary participants attended 19 sessions. There were significant improvements in self-efficacy rating across 10 of 12 human factor domains and in all frailty domains (p < 0.05). The common learning themes were situational awareness, communication and teamwork. Participants commented on the value of learning within ward teams and having the opportunity to debrief. Conclusion: In situ simulation can improve the self-efficacy of clinical and human factor skills related to frailty. The results are limited by the nature of self-reporting methods, and further studies assessing behavioural change and clinical outcomes are warranted.

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Yambangyang, P., R. Wilson, J. Reboud, J. M. Cooper, and A. Demčenko. "Ultrasonic evaluation of aging kinetics in amorphous polymer." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 7 (August 15, 2022): 072202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102398.

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The physical aging of amorphous polymers induces changes in material properties, which are challenging to detect in situ in industrial settings. Here, we present a nondestructive nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation technique that enables localized measurements of the combined effects of temperature and time in amorphous polymers, without needing to remove materials. The proposed technique is demonstrated using commercial grade poly(vinyl chloride) samples and is supported by analysis of wave–material interactions. The results show that the physical aging of the polymer is described by the Arrhenius equation with an effective activation energy of 103 kJ/mol over the analyzed temperature range.

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Kazemi-Choobi, Kamel, Jafar Khalil-Allafi, Amin Elhami, and Parviz Asadi. "Influence of Aging Treatment on In-Situ Electrical Resistance Variation During Aging of Nickel-Rich NiTi Shape Memory Wires." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44, no. 10 (June 29, 2013): 4429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1806-8.

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38

Smith, Alexander J., Pontus Svens, Maria Varini, Göran Lindbergh, and Rakel Wreland Lindström. "Expanded In Situ Aging Indicators for Lithium-Ion Batteries with a Blended NMC-LMO Electrode Cycled at Sub-Ambient Temperature." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 110530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac2d17.

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An important step toward safer and more reliable lithium-ion battery systems is the improvement of methods for detection and characterization of battery degradation. In this work, we develop and track aging indicators over the life of 18650-format lithium-ion batteries with a blended NMC532-LMO positive electrode and graphite negative electrode. Cells are cycled until reaching 80% of their original capacity under combinations of four cycling conditions: ambient and sub-ambient temperatures (29 °C and 10 °C) and fast and mild rates (2.7 and 1.0C). Loss of lithium inventory dominates aging for all cases, with additional loss of NMC capacity under the combination of sub-ambient temperature and mild rate. A novel, easily acquired polarization factor complements capacity fade analysis; it correlates well with impedance and galvanostatic cycle life and indicates changes in active aging processes. These processes are further revealed by differential voltage analysis (DVA) and incremental capacity analysis (ICA). New indicators and aging scenarios are evaluated for these techniques and supported by post mortem analysis. From in operando cycling data and a single, slow discharge curve, these four methods (capacity fade, polarization factor, DVA, and ICA) comprise a simple, explanatory, and non-invasive toolbox for evaluating aging in lithium-ion battery systems.

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39

Wu, Shuyin, Xiaoyin Sun, Jun Yang, Ruochong Yang, and Jipeng Zhu. "Experimental Study of Environmental Conditions on In-Situ Engineered Cementitious Composites-Steel Deck Interface." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062123.

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In this study, engineered cementitious composite (ECC) was used as a deck paving for long-span bridges. The feasibility of using an epoxy adhesive to achieve wet-bonding between a steel deck and cast-in-place ECC was evaluated. The shear and pull-off tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles and hydrothermal aging on interfacial properties. The test results indicate that the interfacial strength decreases with an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the duration of hydrothermal aging. Based on an inclined shear test, a criterion for interface failure under the combined action of shear and compression is also proposed. Wet-bonding technology might promote the application of ECC in the surfacing system for orthotropic steel deck bridge and further extend the service life of a bridge structure.

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40

de Moor, P. P. E. A., T. P. M. Beelen, and R. A. van Santen. "Influence of Aging and Dilution on the Crystallization of Silicalite-1." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188989700174x.

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The correlation between the formation of colloidal aggregates and the crystallization of silicalite-1 from a clear solution has been investigated with in situ combined small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and in situ ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. Increasing the aging time at room temperature of the synthesis mixture prior to heating to the reaction temperature reduced the induction period and increased the crystal growth rate without affecting the formation of colloidal aggregates. Dilution of the synthesis mixtures did not influence the nucleation and crystal growth rate, and did not affect the formation of colloidal aggregates.

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Zeng, Yida, Yuhjin Chao, Zhen Luo, Yangchuan Cai, and Renfeng Song. "Effect of Multidirectional Forging and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of In Situ ZrB2p/6061Al Composites." High Temperature Materials and Processes 37, no. 7 (July 26, 2018): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0200.

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AbstractAluminum matrix composites that were reinforced by in situ zirconium diboride nanoparticles were fabricated from an aluminum-potassium tetrafluoroborate-potassium hexafluorozirconate system via a direct-melt reaction. The morphologies of the in situ particles and the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy and tensile tests. X-ray diffractometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the existence of zirconium diboride in the composite. Multidirectional forging and heat treatment were used to determine the effect of plastic deformation and heat treatment for the highest tensile strength applied to the composite. Multidirectional forging and heat treatment have a positive influence on the composite microstructure and tensile strength, which increase by 21.81 % and 13.43 %, respectively. The mechanism of multidirectional forging and heat treatment that affects the composite mechanical properties has been discussed. The heat-treatment parameters that affect the tensile strength include the solution-treatment temperature, aging temperature and aging time. The highest tensile strength with moderate extensibility loss was achieved for a specimen that was solution treated for 4 h at 793 K and with aging at 423 K for 4 h.

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42

Beak, Douglas G., Jason K. Kirby, Ganga M. Hettiarachchi, Laura A. Wendling, Michael J. McLaughlin, and Raju Khatiwada. "Cobalt Distribution and Speciation: Effect of Aging, Intermittent Submergence, In Situ Rice Roots." Journal of Environmental Quality 40, no. 3 (May 2011): 679–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0139.

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43

Nagano, Mai, Kotaro Hayashi, and Masato Ueda. "Analysis of Strain Aging of Steel Sheets by In Situ Electrical Resistance Measurement." MRS Advances 5, no. 29-30 (2020): 1613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.206.

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ABSTRACTObservation of the dynamic interaction between dislocations and carbon atoms is important in steel design. Some steel materials are bake-hardened in several manufacturing processes. Solute carbons are known to segregate on dislocations; this hardens the steel even after low-temperature treatments. The purpose of this study was to develop a method of monitoring a series of microstructural changes in strain aging by in-situ measurement of the electrical resistance in low-carbon steel. In tensile deformation, elastic, Lüders, and uniform plastic deformations could be distinguished by monitoring the changes in electrical resistance. Electrical resistance rapidly increased in the plastic deformation region in the strain-aged specimen. Although the deformation stress hardly changed, the amount of lattice defects monotonously increased. These analyses provide useful information in steel design related to thermomechanical treatments of bake-hardenable steel.

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44

Zhou, Yang, Naiqin Zhao, Chunsheng Shi, Enzuo Liu, Xiwen Du, and Chunnian He. "In-situ processing and aging behaviors of MgAl2O4 spinel whisker reinforced 6061Al composite." Materials Science and Engineering: A 598 (March 2014): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.12.086.

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45

Ju, Zehui, Tianyi Zhan, Haiyang Zhang, Qian He, Lu Hong, Man Yuan, Jianxin Cui, Liangsong Cheng, and Xiaoning Lu. "Strong, Durable, and Aging-Resistant Bamboo Composites Fabricated by Silver In Situ Impregnation." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8, no. 44 (October 26, 2020): 16647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06050.

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46

Muntifering, Brittany, Youwu Fang, Asher C. Leff, Aaron Dunn, Jianmin Qu, Mitra L. Taheri, Remi Dingreville, and Khalid Hattar. "In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy He+ implantation and thermal aging of nanocrystalline iron." Journal of Nuclear Materials 482 (December 2016): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.10.001.

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47

Gao, Haiyan, Jun Wang, Da Shu, and Baode Sun. "Effect of Ag on the aging characteristics of Cu–Fe in situ composites." Scripta Materialia 54, no. 11 (June 2006): 1931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.02.006.

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48

Palanivel, S., R. S. Mishra, R. E. Brennan, and K. C. Cho. "Accelerated age hardening response by in-situ ultrasonic aging of a WE43 alloy." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 33, no. 1 (November 29, 2016): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.1221094.

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49

Xu, Bo, Mark Redmond, Ahmed Hammami, and Pierre Mertiny. "In Situ Testing of Polymers Immersed in Aging Fluids at Elevated Temperature and Pressure." Materials 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072690.

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A novel elevated-temperature and high-pressure in situ punch-shear-test cell was developed to qualify materials for reliable service in harsh environments representative of those typically encountered in oil and gas operations. The proposed modular and compact test device is an extension of the ASTM D 732 punch-shear method. Conventionally, materials are first exposed to harsh environments, then removed from the aging environment for mechanical testing. This practice can lead to the generation of unrealistic (often optimistic) mechanical properties. This is especially true in the case of materials for which fluid ingress is reversible. The present contribution elaborates on the developed in situ punch-shear device that has been successfully used to realistically assess the tensile yield strength and modulus properties of in-service polymer materials based on experimentally established correlations between shear and tensile tests.

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50

Henderson, S., R. Allsopp, D. Spector, S. S. Wang, and C. Harley. "In situ analysis of changes in telomere size during replicative aging and cell transformation." Journal of Cell Biology 134, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.134.1.1.

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Telomeres have been shown to gradually shorten during replicative aging in human somatic cells by Southern analysis. This study examines telomere shortening at the single cell level by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH and confocal microscopy of interphase human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) demonstrate that telomeres are distributed throughout the nucleus with an interchromosomal heterogeneity in size. Analysis of HDFs at increasing population doubling levels shows a gradual increase in spot size, intensity, and detectability of telomeric signal. FISH of metaphase chromosomes prepared from young and old HDFs shows a heterogeneity in detection frequency for telomeres on chromosomes 1, 9, 15, and Y. The interchromosomal distribution of detection frequencies was similar for cells at early and late passage. The telomeric detection frequency for metaphase chromosomes also decreased with age. These observations suggest that telomeres shorten at similar rates in normal human somatic cels. T-antigen transformed HDFs near crisis contained telomere signals that were low compared to nontransformed HDFs. A large intracellular heterogeneity in telomere lengths was detected in two telomerase-negative cell lines compared to normal somatic cells and the telomerase-positive 293 cell line. Many telomerase-negative immortal cells had telomeric signals stronger than those in young HDFs, suggesting a different mechanism for telomere length regulation in telomerase-negative immortal cells. These studies provide an in situ demonstration of interchromosomal heterogeneity in telomere lengths. Furthermore, FISH is a reliable and sensitive method for detecting changes in telomere size at the single cell level.

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