Статті в журналах з теми "Improvement of mixing quality"
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1
Moore, J. M. "Quality improvement in rubber mixing." Total Quality Management 2, no. 3 (January 1991): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544129100000027.
2
Tam, Vivian W. Y., X. F. Gao, and C. M. Tam. "Quality Improvement of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.308.
Анотація:
The developments of recycled aggregate concrete pressing hard in construction activities; however, the limitations on their applications had never being ended. The focus of this paper is: i) investigating the waste management strategy in construction; ii) proposing the two-stage mixing approach (TSMA) to improve the quality of RAC; and iii) experimenting the TSMA and assessing the benefits possibly gained. It proposes a new approach in mixing concrete, namely, the two-stage mixing method, to improve compressive strength of RAC and lower its strength variability. The replacement ratio from zero to thirty is under experiment on their compressive strength. Based upon the experimental results, improvements of 31 % in strength at 28 days with 30 % RA substitute was achieved. The effect can be attributably to the porous nature of the RA and the pre-mix process which can make some pores filled up resulting in a denser concrete and thus leading to higher strength when compared with the traditional mixing approach. Therefore, two-stage mixing approach can open up a wider application of recycled aggregate concrete.
3
A.-K. Mohamme, Abdul-Halim, Dhia El-Din M. Kassim, and Huda M. Hassan. "Quality Improvement of Spent Lubricating Oil." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2007.3.6.
Анотація:
The acidity of spent lubricant was treated using sodium hydroxide solution. The effect of three variables on the treatment have been studied . These are mixing time rangingfrom 5-35 minutes, NaOH to lubricant weight ratio ranging from 0.25-1.25 and weight percentage of NaOH ranging from 2-6 % .
The experimental design of Box-Wilson method is adopted to find a useful relationship between the three controllable variables and the lowering in the acidity of the spent lubricant. Then the effective variables and interactions are identified using the statistical analysis(F-test) of three variable fractional design. The mathematical model is well represented by a second order polynomial.
By the analysis of the experimental results, the best treatment conditions which achieved an acceptable acidity of the spent lubricant are 20 minutes mixing time , 1 weight ratio of NaOH to spent lubricant and 4.5 weight percentage of N aOH. At these condition the acidity of the lubricant decreases from 0.62 to 0.0602 mg KOH/g oil.
4
Muhandri, Tjahja, Andika Putra Pratama, and Dase Hunaefi. "Aplikasi Seven Tools pada Perbaikan Mutu Roundness Bakso Unyil di PT X." MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah 14, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/mikm.14.1.54-61.
Анотація:
The roundness quality of small meatballs, called Bakso Unyil, produced by PT X has been considered non-uniform and in-competitive. Hence, roundness quality improvement has been becoming one of the priorities for increasing consumer acceptance. This research aims to identify the causes of the poor quality of Unyil Meatballs roundness and find a solution. The improvement methods were: identification of the causes of low quality of roundness (Plan), improvement trials based on alternative solution (Do), and implementation of corrective actions (Action). A total of 60 meatballs samples were taken from three batches (for each batch of 20 samples). Ishikawa Diagram, and histogram were conducted and analysed. Implementation of alternative solutions to improve roundness quality that have been carried out as follows: 1). adjusting the amount of dough in mixing step, 2). the installation of temperature measuring equipment in the preheater, 3). Usage standardization of ice, 4). improvement of phosphate and salt mixing techniques, 5). removal of baking powder, and 6). turn of blades in mixing cake. Result showed that those improvements were not only improve the roundness quality of Unyil meatballs but also improve the smoothness and reducing wrinkle conditions on the surface of Unyil meatballs
5
Knaub, Ludmila. "Improvement of mixing processes in diesel engines." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 1(59) (June 30, 2021): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.232050.
Анотація:
The object of research is gas-dynamic vortex processes in heterogeneous polydisperse flows. One of the most problematic issues in engine building is the completeness of combustion and the rate of fuel burnout in the given coordinates on the allotted hourly interval in the combustion chamber. These indicators, in turn, determine stringent requirements for used fuels in terms of thermophysical parameters that affect sawing, evaporation and mixing with an oxidizer. In the course of the study, methods of mathematical modeling were used based on the theory of similarity. Methods have been developed for preparing a combustible mixture for detonation-free combustion of a cheap alternative fuel. A method for assessing the quality of spraying low cetane fuel is proposed. A mathematical model is obtained for calculating the change in the parameters of the quality of atomization and the differential characteristics of fuel injection. This is necessary for theoretical studies of gas-dynamic processes in additional power systems for diesel engines in an unsteady three-dimensional flow with variable parameters of a polydisperse flow of a combustible mixture. It has been proven that with a decrease in the camshaft rotational speed, the injection speed will be insufficient to achieve the required spray quality due to a decrease in the speed. This made it possible to redesign the additional system using a separate dual fuel supply. Research samples of an additional power supply system for the ЯМЗ–24 ОН diesel engine (Yaroslavl Motor Plant, Russia) have been developed. Comparative tests of the engine operation on stable gas condensate with the main fuel equipment and an additional system have been carried out. Oscillograms of the tests were obtained and analyzed. The research results provided the basis for the use of low cetane cheap gas condensate in diesel engines. This will improve the economic, power and environmental performance of the engines. Compared to standard cetane fuels, the price of fuel will decrease by 40 %, engine power will increase by 20 %, and the environmental performance of exhaust gases will decrease by 10–30 %.
6
Hu, Zhan-Xiang, Chang-Chiun Huang, Amit Kumar Gope, and Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo. "Improvement in Injection Molding Quality Performance with Innovative Cyclone Mixers Used in Polypropylene with Spherical Silicon Dioxide Composites." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 4932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224932.
Анотація:
This research proposes an innovative design of a new cyclone mixer for the quality of polymer materials, and it presents a systematic optimization model of process parameters for plastic injection molding. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the appropriate thermal properties of processing in order to select appropriate control factors and level values for a Taguchi orthogonal array. The injection molding machine was used to make sample test pieces for tensile strength, hardness and impact strength. Significant factors were found by the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio with an analysis of variation (ANOVA), and the single-quality optimal parameter combination was obtained. The reproducibility of the experiment was evaluated, and various quality weights were evaluated by principal components analysis (PCA). The multi-quality optimal parameter combination was found, and the comprehensive scores were compared. Finally, the process capability indices were combined with a multi-process capability analysis chart (MPCAC) to compare the process yields of cyclone mixing and screw mixing. The mechanical properties of products were evaluated to verify the performance of cyclone mixing and to provide perfect information for the injection molding quality performance of cyclone mixing and screw mixing. It was concluded that the overall quality of the cyclone mixing products is 42.72, and the total quality of the screw mixing products is 41.85. The total number of defects for the cyclone mixing is 9659 ppm, and that of the screw mixing is 10688 ppm. It can be seen that, for the overall product quality performance, cyclone mixing can be applied in the plastic injection molding process instead of screw mixing.
7
Zhou, Zizhen, Tinglin Huang, Weijin Gong, Yang Li, Yue Liu, Shilei Zhou, and Meiying Cao. "Water Quality Responses during the Continuous Mixing Process and Informed Management of a Stratified Drinking Water Reservoir." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247106.
Анотація:
Aeration and mixing have been proven as effective in situ water quality improvement methods, particularly for deep drinking water reservoirs. While there is some research on the mechanism of water quality improvement during artificial mixing, the changes to water quality and the microbial community during the subsequent continuous mixing process is little understood. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of water quality improvement during the continuous mixing process in a drinking water reservoir. During this period, we found a reduction in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and total organic carbon (TOC) of 12.5%–30.8%. We also measured reductions of 8.6% and 6.2% in TN and organic carbon (OC), respectively, in surface sediment. Microbial metabolic activity, abundance, and carbon source utilization were also improved. Redundancy analysis indicated that temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were key factors affecting changes in the microbial community. With intervention, the water temperature during continuous mixing was 15 °C, and the mixing temperature in the reservoir increased by 5 °C compared with natural mixing. Our research shows that integrating and optimizing the artificial and continuous mixing processes influences energy savings. This research provides a theoretical basis for further advancing treatment optimizations for a drinking water supply.
8
Yao, Lishuang, Xianzhu Tang, Zenghui Peng, and Li Xuan. "Improvement of alignment quality for FLC with mixing liquid crystal polymer." Journal of the Society for Information Display 23, no. 4 (April 2015): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsid.373.
9
Danardono, Dominicus, and Ki Seong Kim. "Mixing Quality Improvement of a Coaxial Syngas Mixer by Adding Optimized Mechanical Tabs Using Three-Dimensional CFD Modeling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.429.
Анотація:
A coaxial gas mixer is designed for mixing air and synthesis gas or syngas as fuel. Three-dimensional computational models are harnessed to analyze and predict the influence of the mechanical tabs aspect ratio and number on the mixing characteristics and performance of the gas mixer. Attention is concentrated on the influence of mechanical tabs on the air-fuel ratio, pressure loss and mixing quality. The optimum design of the mechanical tab was realized with aspect ratio of 0.32 and 4 tabs with 45o tab angle. The coaxial gas mixer using the optimized mechanical tabs was realized with λ of 1.13 corresponding to pressure loss of 37.2 Pa at 100 m3/h air-flow rates and the coefficient of variation (CoV) of mixing was 0.29. The gas mixer with the mechanical tabs had much better mixing performance than the gas mixer without mechanical tabs with only relatively small increase in pressure loss.
10
Vincent, Guillaume A., Thomas A. de Bruijn, Sebastiaan Wijskamp, Mohammed Iqbal Abdul Rasheed, Martin van Drongelen, and Remko Akkerman. "Characterisation and improvement of the quality of mixing of recycled thermoplastic composites." Composites Part C: Open Access 4 (March 2021): 100108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2021.100108.
11
Mastronardi, Cherie, Peter Schubert, Elena Levin, Varsha Bhakta, Qi-Long Yi, Adele Hansen, Tamiko Stewart, et al. "Process Improvement by Eliminating Mixing of Whole Blood Units after an Overnight Hold Prior to Component Production Using the Buffy Coat Method." Journal of Blood Transfusion 2013 (June 5, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/154838.
Анотація:
The elimination of a thorough manual mixing of whole blood (WB) which takes place following the overnight hold, but before the first centrifugation step, during buffy coat component production at Canadian Blood Services (CBS) was investigated. WB was pooled after donation and split. Pairs of platelet, red blood cell (RBC), and plasma components were produced, with half using the standard method and half using a method in which the mixing step was eliminated. Quality assessments included yield, pH, CD62P expression and morphology for platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, hemolysis, and supernatant K+ for RBCs, and volume and factor VIII activity levels for plasma. All components, produced using either method, met CBS quality control criteria. There were no significant differences in platelet yield between components produced with and without mixing. A significant difference was seen for RBC hemolysis at expiry (P=0.03), but for both groups, levels met quality control requirements. Noninferiority of components produced without mixing was confirmed for all parameters. Manual mixing is laborious and has a risk of repetitive strain for production staff and its significance is unclear. Elimination of this step will improve process efficiencies without compromising quality.
12
Abdulla, Zuher Hasan, and Thamer Khalaf Salim. "Measurement and Improvement the Quality of the Compressive Strength of Product Concrete." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.24.2.08.
Анотація:
The research dealt with studying path technology to manufacture of concrete cubesaccording to specification design of Iraq to the degree of concrete C20 No. 52 of 1984, and inwhich sample was cubic shape and the dimensions (150 × 150 × 150) mm for each dimensionsand the proportion of mixing of the concrete is (1:2:4) using in the casting floor. For concreteresistance required that achieve the degree of confidence of 100%, were examinedcompressive strength 40 samples of concrete cubes of age 28 days in the Labs section of CivilDepartment – Technical Institute of Babylon, all made from the same mixing concrete. Where,these samples classified within the acceptable tests were adopted in the implementation ofinvestment projects in the construction sector. The research aims first, to measure thecompressive strength of concrete cubes because the decrease or increase the compressivestrength from specification design contributes to the failure of investment projects in theconstruction sector therefore, test was classified units that produced within damaged units.Second, to study an improvement the quality of compressive strength of concrete cubes.Results show that the proportion of damaged cubes are 0.00685, compressive strength wasachieve confidence level 99.5% and producing of concrete cubes within the acceptable level ofquality (3 Sigma). The quality of compressive strength was improved to good level useadvanced sigma levels.
13
Park, Sunyong, Seok Jun Kim, Kwang Cheol Oh, Lahoon Cho, Min Jun Kim, In Seon Jeong, Chung Geon Lee, and DaeHyun Kim. "Investigation of agro-byproduct pellet properties and improvement in pellet quality through mixing." Energy 190 (January 2020): 116380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116380.
14
Jalili, Habib, Mohammad Raad, and Davoud Abbasinezhad Fallah. "Numerical study on the mixing quality of an electroosmotic micromixer under periodic potential." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 11 (February 5, 2020): 2113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220904089.
Анотація:
Improvement of the mixing quality of low Reynolds number flows in micro-dimensional devices is essential. This paper investigates the optimization of the effective parameters and their effects on the mixing quality in a two-dimensional active micromixer. The micromixer mixes fluids with different concentrations entering into a microchannel from different inlets by means of four microelectrodes placed on the walls of a mixing chamber. A time-dependent electric field is applied, and the resulting electroosmotic force perturbs the parallel streamlines in the otherwise highly ordered laminar flow. The governing equations are numerically solved using the finite element-based COMSOL Multiphysics (Version 5.2a) software. The electroosmotic actuated active micromixer was numerically studied for various values of inlet velocity, phase lag, frequency, and voltage amplitude. Once the optimum values of the effective parameters are obtained for the original micromixer, they are applied to the micromixers having different obstacle shape inside the mixing chamber. The results showed that the mixing quality strongly depends on the inlet velocity of the fluids, the electrodes phase lag, the frequency, and the voltage amplitude. In addition, the mixing quality does not depend on obstacle shape when the optimum values of these parameters were used.
15
Salamat, Jaber, and Bülent Genç. "Mixing Performance Analysis of Cohesive Granular Particles in a Planetary Concrete Mixer Containing Two Different Mixing Units via DEM." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v3i1.291.
Анотація:
In this paper, the mixing behavior of two different types of planetary concrete mixers is analyzed and evaluated in terms of homogeneity and granular particle velocity flow regimes. For this, the Hertz-Mindlin contact law, constant directional torque, and Simplified Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (SJKR) models are utilized via the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The Lacey mixing index was employed to calculate the mixing degree of granular particles to assess the mixing performance of planetary concrete mixers. Comparing the mixing degree, we have achieved a 45,5% improvement in the mixing period of high-quality homogeneous mixture in the model B mixer.
16
KIM, DONG-MIN, SANG-JOON MA, and EUN-GU KANG. "DEVELOPMENT OF READY-MIXED SHOTCRETE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION QUALITY IN KOREA." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003212.
Анотація:
Ready-mixed shotcrete is dry-mixed at the plant before delivering to the site for pouring, making it possible the accurate aggregate quality control and improved construction quality thanks to standardized material. In this study, maximum size of the coarse aggregate for ready-mixed shotcrete was determined and the problem of material segregation at the production process at the plant could be solved through pilot plant test. Furthermore, comparison in quality with existing field mixing method was carried out through field application evaluation.
17
Vedishchev, Sergey, Nikolay Holshev, Alexey Prokhorov, Andrey Glazkov, and Maxim Vyguzov. "SAMPLING WHEN ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF MIXING." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2023-3-48-56.
Анотація:
The improvement of the technological process of preparing dry loose feed mixtures is associated with an increase in the structure of feed rations for farm animals in the conditions of farms. It is noted that an increase in the digestibility and palatability of feed, a decrease in the specific energy consumption for the production of feed mixtures depends on the quality of their mixing. The methodological basis of the work was the results of studies of recent years by leading domestic scientists in the field of improving the technological processes for preparing feed mixtures, design and operating parameters of mixers. The analysis of sampling methods is given: periodic for batch mixers; cumulative, allowing to obtain a generalized sample, more representative of the mixing process, also applicable to the study of batch mixers; using special devices - samplers to obtain the most accurate samples. The importance of selecting a control component oriented to the functional features of the mixers, regardless of the sampling method used, is highlighted when monitoring the homogeneity of the mixture. The analysis of existing studies showed a wide range of control components, methods of sampling and separation of components in the study of the mixing process by machines of various designs and principles of operation. The analysis of the works showed that in order to reduce the time spent on isolating the control component and ensure the reliability of the studies, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the mixed cultures. When choosing seeds of sweet clover, clover, millet as control components, a sample mass of 5 grams is sufficient; seeds of beets, buckwheat, wheat and barley, a sample mass of 100 grams is sufficient; seeds of peas, corn, a sample mass of 300 grams is sufficient. A sieve classifier with optimal selection of the mixture with the possibility of separating in sieve or sieve analysis is noted as the most applicable for the isolation of the control component. It is recommended to focus on the method of periodic sampling when examining batch mixers. The cumulative sampling method using samplers is recommended for investigating the performance of continuous mixers and evaluating the overall quality of mixing in batch mixers.
18
Morales-Romero, Guillermo, Adrián Quispe-Andía, Nicéforo Trinidad-Loli, Beatriz Caycho-Salas, Teresa Guía-Altamirano, Carlos Palacios-Huaraca, and Omar Chamorro-Atalaya. "Automating the mixing and spraying stage of the instant mashed potato process." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp771-779.
Анотація:
<p>The article describes a control logic used to automate the mixing stage of the instant mashed potato process, in order to improve the quality of the final product. Thus, initially the characteristics of the automated process are detailed, specifying the programming logic on the programmable logic controller, to later demonstrate through a data collection process the percentage of improvement in the quality of the final product from the perspective of the users. Indicators: percentage of humidity in the mixing stage, water absorption index (IAA), water solubility index (ISA) and hydrogen potential (pH). The development of the research concludes that the automation of the process, achieved that the IAA index and the ISA index, obtained in the spraying stage, improve by 8.13% and 23.05%, respectively, finding analyzed values within the optimal ranges. This in turn reflected a 39.61% improvement with respect to the humidity percentage, measured in the mixing stage, thus improving the quality of the final product, which brings with it a significant increase of 84.44% in production levels.</p>
19
Liu, Nieyangzi, Yuanqing Wang, and Haitao Yang. "Carbon Emission Model and Emission Reduction Technology in the Asphalt Mixture Mixing Process." Atmosphere 14, no. 10 (September 30, 2023): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101518.
Анотація:
This paper attempts to develop a calculation model to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the mixing process of asphalt mixtures and explore energy-saving and emission reduction technologies. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the mixer’s working mechanism, mixing quality requirement, and theoretical deductions, a CO2 emission model for the mixing process of asphalt mixtures is established. The model highlights the significant impact of mixing time on both mixing quality and carbon emissions. The model demonstrates that the mixing quality improves with an increase in mixing time, but the degree of improvement diminishes after an initial significant enhancement, eventually stabilizing. Importantly, excessive mixing time does not significantly improve the mixing quality; conversely, an extended mixing time has a notable impact on carbon emissions. Results show that when the deviation of the asphalt content is changed from 0.3% to 0.2% for a 5% asphalt content mixture, the mixing time and resulting CO2 emissions increase by 14%; similarly, when the deviation is 0.1%, the mixing time and resulting CO2 emissions increase by nearly 40%. Additionally, the agitator’s capacity also significantly influences the CO2 emissions. For a project of a given scale, increasing the agitator capacity leads to a reduction in total carbon emissions during the mixing process. Compared to a type 1500 agitator, employing agitators of types 3000, 4000, and 5000 can achieve reductions in total CO2 emissions by 26.3%, 32.9%, and 36.8%, respectively. Therefore, for large-scale engineering projects aiming to minimize CO2 emissions during the mixing process, it is essential to determine the optimal mixing time to avoid excessive mixing and select a larger capacity agitator, preferably type 4000 or higher. These findings could support the development of effective emission reduction measures in the field of road construction, thereby contributing to the achievement of emission reduction targets and promoting the advancement of sustainable road development.
20
Saini, Aman, and Pratibha. "A Review on Various Techniques of Image Fusion for Quality Improvement of Images." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i1.533.
Анотація:
Image fusion is a significant topic in perspective processing. Image fusion is a process of mixing the appropriate data from some images into a single image where the resulting merged picture will be more useful and complete than any of the input images. Multi focus Image fusion is procedure of combining information of several imagery of a view and consequently has \everywhere in focus "image. Lifting technique allows faster implementation of wavelet transform. It requires half number of computations as compared to traditional convolution approach.
21
Uchida, Akihiko, Kiyoshi Yamashita, and Nobuyuki Odajima. "Performance of Piled Raft Foundation with Grid-Form Ground Improvement During the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0726.
Анотація:
Grid-form ground improvement by the deep cement mixing method is one of the countermeasures against soil liquefaction. Improvements by this method were confirmed during the southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake in 1995. The number of building foundations adopting this method has increased in the last years. During the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, severe liquefaction damage was observed in reclaimed land in the Tokyo Bay area. Since then, liquefaction countermeasures have been recognized to be important to reclaimed land. A building foundation improved by grid-form ground improvement method is introduced in this paper. Field investigation results of ground around the building after the 2011 earthquake are presented. The effect of liquefaction prevention on gridform ground improvement is discussed based on dynamic nonlinear analysis of soil layers with actual acceleration records. Comparing field investigation results to simulation analysis, we concluded that gridform ground improvement prevented liquefaction of original soil surrounded by grid-form walls during the 2011 earthquake.
22
Królczyk, Jolanta B. "Analysis of kinetics of multicomponent, heterogeneous granular mixtures - Laminar and turbulent flow approach." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0015.
Анотація:
Abstract Mixing of granular materials is unquestionably important. Mixing solids is common in industrial applications and frequently represents a critical stage of the processes. The effect of mixing determines the quality of the products. Achieving a gas or liquid mixture ideally homogeneous in terms of composition in the case of dissolving components is not that difficult, while in case of granular materials that usually differ in sizes and densities, obtaining a homogenous mixture is practically impossible. The aim of the paper is to present the kinetics of mixing of a multicomponent, nonhomogeneous granular mixture. For the first time in mixing of granular materials, a reference has been made to the terminology used in kinematics of fluid mixtures to determine the state of the mixture: turbulent or laminar. By means of statistical analysis the mixing process was divided into two stages. The initial phase of the process was called the stage of turbulent changes, due to large differences in the quality of the observed mixtures; the final step of the process was called the stage of laminar, stable changes, where further mixing did not result in a significant improvement in quality. The research was conducted in industrial conditions in a two-tonne mixer.
23
Olivia, Vina Agustin, and Nina Aini Mahbubah. "EVALUASI DEFECT PRODUK SARUNG ATBM BERBASIS PENDEKATAN GREY FMEA DAN RCA." SIGMA TEKNIKA 6, no. 2 (November 29, 2023): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33373/sigmateknika.v6i2.5728.
Анотація:
Product quality is a crucial factor in maintaining business continuity by implementing essential processes. The traditional production process of a sarong involves non-machined looms (ATBM), which can lead to defects that reduce the quality of the sarongs. This research aims to evaluate the occurrence of defects throughout the ATBM sarong production process using the Grey-FMEA and RCA approaches. The results of the Grey FMEA method showed that defects occurred in woven sarongs due to the sheath-cutting error and color mixing score during the thread dyeing process. The factor causing the defect is the error in cutting long and short woven sarongs differently due to a mismatch in the pattern of the woven sarong. Therefore, the proposed improvement is that artisans should concentrate on making woven sarongs. Analysis of the causes of sheath defects in the color mixing process during the yarn dyeing process found that poor quality paint and yarn affected the process of dye absorption into the yarn. The proposed improvement includes quality dye and thread raw materials that should be provided so that quality products will be produced.
24
Li, S. "A Programming Model for River Quality Management under Transverse Mixing." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1992): 1823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0626.
Анотація:
The objective of river quality management is to achieve a given water quality standard at certain control stations by cutting down the pollutant load in the basin at the lowest cost. Conventional programming models, however, cannot guarantee the satisfaction of the quality standard at each drinking water intake when transverse mixing occurs in the river, because they focus on the average concentration of the cross sections, while the raw water is usually drawn from the sides of the river. In this paper, a programming model is proposed to deal with waste load allocation problems. The effect of transverse dispersion on the quality at drinking water intakes is taken into account by introducing an index which represents the degree of mixing in a river. This has made it possible to link the sewage system planning with the improvement of drinking water quality. The results of model application show that the priority of sewage treatment in a river basin is quite different from those advanced by the conventional models, it is suggested that a change of the traditional strategy of waste load allocation is necessary for better quality of drinking water supply.
25
Appel, K. Wyat, Sergey L. Napelenok, Kristen M. Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Christian Hogrefe, Deborah J. Luecken, Jesse O. Bash, et al. "Description and evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.1." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 1703–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1703-2017.
Анотація:
Abstract. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is a comprehensive multipollutant air quality modeling system developed and maintained by the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Research and Development (ORD). Recently, version 5.1 of the CMAQ model (v5.1) was released to the public, incorporating a large number of science updates and extended capabilities over the previous release version of the model (v5.0.2). These updates include the following: improvements in the meteorological calculations in both CMAQ and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model used to provide meteorological fields to CMAQ, updates to the gas and aerosol chemistry, revisions to the calculations of clouds and photolysis, and improvements to the dry and wet deposition in the model. Sensitivity simulations isolating several of the major updates to the modeling system show that changes to the meteorological calculations result in enhanced afternoon and early evening mixing in the model, periods when the model historically underestimates mixing. This enhanced mixing results in higher ozone (O3) mixing ratios on average due to reduced NO titration, and lower fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) concentrations due to greater dilution of primary pollutants (e.g., elemental and organic carbon). Updates to the clouds and photolysis calculations greatly improve consistency between the WRF and CMAQ models and result in generally higher O3 mixing ratios, primarily due to reduced cloudiness and attenuation of photolysis in the model. Updates to the aerosol chemistry result in higher secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in the summer, thereby reducing summertime PM2. 5 bias (PM2. 5 is typically underestimated by CMAQ in the summer), while updates to the gas chemistry result in slightly higher O3 and PM2. 5 on average in January and July. Overall, the seasonal variation in simulated PM2. 5 generally improves in CMAQv5.1 (when considering all model updates), as simulated PM2. 5 concentrations decrease in the winter (when PM2. 5 is generally overestimated by CMAQ) and increase in the summer (when PM2. 5 is generally underestimated by CMAQ). Ozone mixing ratios are higher on average with v5.1 vs. v5.0.2, resulting in higher O3 mean bias, as O3 tends to be overestimated by CMAQ throughout most of the year (especially at locations where the observed O3 is low); however, O3 correlation is largely improved with v5.1. Sensitivity simulations for several hypothetical emission reduction scenarios show that v5.1 tends to be slightly more responsive to reductions in NOx (NO + NO2), VOC and SOx (SO2 + SO4) emissions than v5.0.2, representing an improvement as previous studies have shown CMAQ to underestimate the observed reduction in O3 due to large, widespread reductions in observed emissions.
26
Inazumi, Shinya, Sudip Shakya, Takahiro Komaki, and Yasuharu Nakanishi. "Numerical Analysis on Performance of the Middle-Pressure Jet Grouting Method for Ground Improvement." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080313.
Анотація:
This study focused on the middle-pressure jet grouting method, which has a complicated development mechanism for the columnar soil-improved body, with the aim of establishing a computer-aided engineering (CAE) system that can simulate the performance on a computer. Furthermore, in order to confirm the effect of middle-pressure jet grouting with mechanical agitation and mixing, a comparative analysis was performed with different jet pressures, the development situation was visualized, and the performance of this method was evaluated. The results of MPS-CAE as one of the CAE systems showed that the cement slurry jet ratio in the planned improvement range, including the periphery of the mixing blade, by the middle-pressure jet grouting together with the mechanical agitation and mixing was increased and a high quality columnar soil-improved body was obtained. It is expected that the introduction of CAE will contribute to the visualization of the ground, and that CAE will be an effective tool for the visual management of construction for ground improvement and the maintenance of improved grounds during the life cycle of the ground-improvement method.
27
Sazonova, Anastasia, Elena Tereshina, and Yuriy Bagaiskov. "Increase of accuracy and balance of abrasive disks with different hardness." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2021, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2021-3-32-35.
Анотація:
It is shown that the most efficient methods of abrasive disk quality improvement in the matter of abrasive disk accuracy and balance increase are vibro-mixing, formation in rotating press mold, burning between refractory plates and machining application with diamond tools.
28
Sakhno, T., А. Semenov, and N. Barashkov. "ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF HOMOGENEITY OF PET FOOD USING FERROMAGNETIC MICROTRACERS." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 20, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v20i2.1763.
Анотація:
Obtaining highly homogeneous mixtures is an urgent task in many areas of feed production, as it is associated with the need for even distribution of particularly important and valuable components. Manufacturers of animal feed are using several different methods for performing homogeneity studies to check their mixer performance. This paper is devoted to the use of nontraditional markers such as ferromagnetic Microtracers to evaluate the homogeneity of the final feed. Microtracers have successfully been used in a mixer testing program in the USA since 1985 and in Europe since 2006. They represent a major improvement over traditional analytical procedures for evaluation of mixer performance involving the use of cobalt or manganese salts. The authors described the quantitative results of determination and identification of Microtracers in two sets of 20 samples of pet food manufactured by Kormotech LLC with using a proprietary Rotary Detector procedure developed by Micro-Tracers Inc (San Francisco, California). It was shown that analysis of 150 g samples at level of Microtracer addition of 20 g per metric ton of pet food allowed a magnetic retrieval of the number of ferromagnetic particles from 61 to 101 which was sufficient for application of Poisson and Chi-squared statistics. The obtained results from two tests performed with different time of mixing were interpreted in accordance with the requirements of the GMP + BA2 standard. It was determined that mixing within 3 min leads to the marginal mixing with the calculated probability value of 1.12%. The prolonged mixing within 4 min leads to complete mixing with the calculated probability value of 5.93%. The use of ferromagnetic Microtracers in a mixer testing program is justified for such tasks as comparison of mixers with each other, as well as identifying the changes in the technical characteristics of the mixers and their performance occurring during their exploitation. In addition, using microtracers can quickly determine the quality of the mixing equipment when it is purchased.
29
Kim, Min-Sung, Sang-Seok Lee, and Seung-Ho Byun. "Research on EMP Shielding Concrete Product Development and Improvement." Ceramist 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2023.26.4.04.
Анотація:
In this study, the research was conducted for the purpose of developing Electro Magnetic Pulse (EMP) shield concrete using electric furnace oxidizing slag and carbon material and improving the quality of EMP shield concrete mixed with fly ash(FA) and blast furnace slag(BS). As a result of the study, it was confirmed that compressive strength and Shielding Effectiveness (SE) increased when electric furnace oxidized slag(EOS) was used as aggregate, and that SE increased when Carbon Fiber(CF) was used rather than Milled Carbon Fiber (MCF) in the form of carbon materials. In the case of CF, when the mixing ratio increased, the SE increased, but the fluidity significantly decreased, so the Electric Furnace Oxidized Slag CF 0.2 was suitable as an EMP shielding concrete. Fluidity and SE were increased when FA and BS were incorporated, and EMP BS20 was confirmed to be effective in improving quality.
30
Kaitukov, Batraz Amurkhanovich. "Mechanization and automation of the process of making concrete mixes." E3S Web of Conferences 457 (2023): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345701008.
Анотація:
The article addresses the problem of the quality improvement in respect of the concrete mix preparation in the context of intensive mechanization and automation. The co-authors suggest new processes to improve the performance reliability of the operating element of a mixer through the improvement of the wear resistance of its blades. The build-up of the wear-proof layer has boosted the durability of the components of the operating element of a mixer. The logical relationship between the mechanized and automated operations enabled the co-authors to adjust the optimal composition of the concrete mix. The use of composition adjusting devices, operating in the automatic mode, has substantially optimized the process of batching the mix components and the water content in the concrete mix. The co-authors provide a diagram describing the dependence between the mean square value of the outgoing signal of vibration acceleration and the mixing time until the mix is ready. The co-authors have identified that the higher the moisture content, the smaller the mixing time, and, hence, the higher the capacity of a mixer. A hybrid approach to the mix quality improvement has also reduced the operating expenses.
31
Sadagopan, Madumita, Katarina Malaga, and Agnes Nagy. "Improving Recycled Aggregate Quality by Mechanical Pre-Processing." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194342.
Анотація:
Concrete with crushed concrete aggregates (CCA) shows lesser compressive strength than reference concrete with natural aggregates. The goal of this study is to improve the strength of structural concrete with 53% and 100% CCA replacements without increasing the cement content. Thus, improvements in CCA quality are induced by combining mechanical and pre-soaking pre-processing techniques. Mechanical pre-processing by rotating drum is separately pursued on fine and coarse CCA for 10 and 15 min respectively. Results show, adhered mortar content and CCA water absorption reduces as pre-processing duration increases. Pre-processing influences CCA particle grading, flakiness index, shape index, void-content, unit-weight and density, jointly seen as packing density, which increases with pre-processing duration. Water amount to pre-soak CCA before concrete mixing is stable despite grading modifications, due to reduced water absorption resulting from mechanical pre-processing. Compressive strength and workability for pre-processed CCA50 and CCA100 concrete are comparable to reference concrete and show similar trends of improvement with packing density. Packing density markedly shows the quality improvements induced by pre-processing on CCA, maybe considered as one of the quality assessment indexes for CCA. Packing density should be investigated for other recipes to see the stability of the trend with workability and compressive strength.
32
Li, Guangdong, Xiaoping Zou, Jin Cheng, Dan Chen, Yujun Yao, Chuangchuang Chang, Xing Yu, Zixiao Zhou, Junqi Wang, and Baoyu Liu. "Impact of Perovskite Composition on Film Formation Quality and Photophysical Properties for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells." Molecules 25, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030732.
Анотація:
In recent years, flexible perovskite solar cells have drawn tremendous attention in the field of wearable devices, and optimization of perovskite composition plays an important role in improving film quality and photophysical properties. At present, some researchers have only studied A-site organic cations mixing or X-site halide anions mixing in the ABX3 structure of perovskite, but there are few reports on co-mixing of A-site and X-site ions in flexible perovskite solar cells. In this paper, we mainly try to study the effects of different concentrations of mixed formamidine methylamine halide (FAxMA1-xBrxClyI1-x-y) precursor solutions on the quality and photophysical properties of perovskite films under low temperature process. We conclude that the film quality and photophysical properties reached the best results when the optimized precursor solution concentration was 60:6:6. The investigation on composition optimization in this experiment laid the foundation for the improvement of the performance of flexible perovskite solar cells. We also use the results of this experiment to prepare flexible perovskite solar cells based on carbon electrodes, which are expected to be applied in other flexible optoelectronic or electro-optical devices.
33
Noskov, M. F. "Seam welds quality control improvement using method of pseudo-color coding images." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/2/022058.
Анотація:
Abstract The method of seam welds quality control using X-ray is considered. The X-ray methods of control are based on the capability of gamma radiation to penetrate through a metal including welded areas. Regions having defects - pores, faulty welds, cracks, scale inclusions - look darker on images. Appearance, linear dimensions and depths of the defects usually are determined by a visual examination comparing the X-ray image with standard defects images. It is known that a human eye can distinguish not more than 12-15 shades on a black and white image but more than a hundred on a colored image. The paper considers possibilities of the developed method by the author and based on the optical mixing of two or three complementary colors - red, blue and green. The method can use only one pair of the colors at a time, i.e. it is possible to have three various pairs for a pseudo-color image. The obtained pseudo-color image has the same informational capacity as the original black and white image. But the greater fraction of the saved information becomes available for visual examination of the X-ray image. In the end the efficiency of the seam weld quality control increases.
34
Bahri, Syamsul, Fachriah Nur Rahmadani, and Armin Darmawan. "Analysis on Product Quality of Semi Refined Carrageenan using Six Sigma and Cost of Poor Quality." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 9, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2020.009.03.4.
Анотація:
The study aimed to minimize defective products to improve the production process quality of PT BI by identifying the most types of defects, calculating Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value, suggesting the quality improvement of the Semi Refined Carrageenan (SRC) production process, and calculating Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) value. The methods used in this research were Six Sigma and the COPQ. The priority improvement based on the Pareto chart was moisture defects with the percentage of damage of 36.9%. The Sigma level of the production process of PT BI was 3.42 with a defect rate of 27,429 DPMO. The analysis on the cause and effect diagram showed that factors affected the occurrence of defective products were error in reading on moisture content, diverse raw material, the wrong method of mixing raw materials prior to production process, and the lack of inspectors of production process. The most influential-dominant factor was the obsolete machine which causes error in reading on moisture content. The company can take preventive and corrective actions to suppress defective products and improve product quality. Based on the calculation of the COPQ, the costs that must be incurred by the company due to defective products was IDR 1,007,690,694.
35
Gabriel, Oliver, Katerina Ruzicka, and Norbert Kreuzinger. "Upgrading Vienna's wastewater treatment plant – linking point source emissions to Environmental Quality Standards." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): 1290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.010.
Анотація:
The new water quality protection approach of the EU combines the control of emissions with instream Environmental Quality Standards (=EQS). Since 1 April 2006 and actually relevant in the version of 2010 in Austria, priority substances from list A of the EUROPEAN DIERECTIVE 76/464 and further EQS of relevant chemical substances (list B), identified by a national risk assessment, have to be reached to achieve a good ecological state in the surface water (Edict for Water Quality Standards, 2006; changes to the Edict for Water Quality Standards 2010). The practical assessment of these substances after point source emissions is prescribed in the Edict, but rarely carried out. In this paper, two substances, namely: (1) ammonium (list B); and (2) nonylphenol, an endocrine disrupting compound (list A) are presented to discuss: (i) the improvement of treatment efficiency due to the upgrade of a large Waste Water Treatment Plant (=WWTP); (ii) the relevance of mixing processes and modelling as a method to control EQS after point source emissions; and (iii) the improvement of water quality in the ambient surface waters. It is shown that the improved treatment in the case of nonylphenol leads to emission values which fall below the EQS, making an assessment unnecessary. In the case of ammonium emission, values are significantly reduced and violation of EQS is avoided, while mixing modelling is shown to be a suitable instrument to address the resulting instream concentrations at different border conditions.
36
Kiranti, Irma, Lukman Hudi, and Rifky Pradiko. "Chicken Sausage Production Process At PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Food Division, Ngoro Unit." Procedia of Engineering and Life Science 7 (February 20, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pels.v7i0.1494.
Анотація:
This study investigated the chicken sausage production process and explored problem-solving strategies using fishbone diagrams. The analysis identified key stages, including raw material preparation, grinding, mixing, molding, cooking, cooling, cutting, and packaging. Fishbone diagrams were employed to systematically dissect process issues, revealing root causes related to personnel, methods, machines, materials, and environment. The findings highlight the effectiveness of fishbone diagrams for identifying and addressing production bottlenecks, paving the way for optimized efficiency and quality control in sausage manufacturing.
Highlight :
Process breakdown: The study identified key stages in chicken sausage production (preparation, grinding, mixing, etc.) using fishbone diagrams.
Root cause analysis: Fishbone diagrams helped pinpoint root causes of process issues across various factors (personnel, methods, machines, etc.).
Quality improvement: The findings suggest fishbone diagrams as an effective tool for identifying and addressing bottlenecks, leading to optimized efficiency and quality control.
Keywords: chicken sausage, production process, fishbone diagrams, problem-solving, quality control
37
Терюшков, Vyacheslav Teryushkov, Димитриев, Nikolay Dimitriev, Коновалов, Vladimir Konovalov, Чупшев, and Aleksey Chupshev. "ANALYTICAL ASPECTS OF GRAVITY MIXING DRUM DEVICES." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, no. 2 (May 5, 2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18680.
Анотація:
The research objective is improving the mixing quality of the material and determination of structurally-kinematic parameters drum paddle mixer by means of numerical methods. The basis of modern society is the use of variety mixtures and composite materials on their basis. The preparation of the initial mixtures is carried out as directly by mixers, and in some cases by various devices, including extruders and screw presses. Among such devices drum mixers, dryers, mixers, etc are widely distributed. Their feature is the low intensity of mixing, as well as the ability for a relatively short period of time possible to achieve the uniformity of the mixture. Then the quality of the mixture practically does not change. Attempted use of commercially available cement- mixers of periodic action in order to prepare such a mixture as a feed, showed that their existing structures are subject to further improvement because of the impossibility of achieving zootechnical requirements for the preparation of feed on the basis of the purchase and BPD of their own forage. This requires additional theoretical research. The process of the blade drum interaction with the material operating with periodic mixing is shown. The obtained analytical expressions allow to determine the conditions of mixing of the material by major constructive and kinematic parameters of the lobed mixer drum on the basis of numerical methods.
38
Purnomo, Heru, Dedi Priadi, and H. Riana Lumingkewas. "Strength Improvement of Early Age Unfired Soil Lime Bricks." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.299.
Анотація:
Despite their low performance quality and aesthetics, non-standard bricks are commonly used in the construction of low-rise buildings and rural houses in Indonesia. These bricks are produced traditionnally in home run plants with little adherance to appropriate mix designs. These unfired soil lime bricks enter the market within 2 weeks of production, which inflicts potential loss to the buyers due to their low performance quality. The paper discusses strength improvements of these early age bricks through 2 methods. The first method is by adding the optimal amount of mixing water to the soil and lime mix. The second method is by adding untreated coconut fibers with a 2.5 cm fiber length as additional reinforcements. The effect of 3%, 5% and 7% fiber addition to the mechanical properties of bricks were investigated. Laboratory tests showed that higher compressive strengths, compared to that of traditional unfired soil lime bricks, could be achieved through the 2 proposed methods. The bricks reinforced with higher percentage of untreated coconut fibers have better modulus of ruptures.
39
Patil, Suhas Vijay, Balakrishna Rao K., and Gopinatha Nayak. "Quality Improvement of Recycled Aggregate Concrete using Six Sigma DMAIC Methodology." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 1409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.6.104.
Анотація:
Recycled aggregates (RA) are obtained from construction and demolished waste, laboratory crushed concrete and concrete waste at RMC plants. The concrete made from recycled aggregate is known as recycled aggregate concrete. The use of recycled aggregate is very beneficial to the environment in civil works. Its usage also helps in financial saving as the cost of transportation and production energy cost of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) is reduced. In India, the recycled aggregate application in lower grade concrete work is observed. However, the effect of recycled aggregate on the strength and durability of concrete restricts its use in higher-grade work. This paper presents a series of tests carried out on recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC) and test results are compared with the NCA and parent concrete made from NCA. Tests were carried out as per IS code and concrete was prepared using a two-stage mixing approach in the concrete mix design. M30 concrete mix of four RCAC samples was tested at 28 days of curing and in comparison with parent concrete, it is found that on an average compressive strength is decreased by 12.89% at 28 days curing. Adhered mortar increases the porosity of the recycled aggregate and forms a weak zone between aggregate surface and mortar. In addition, test results showed the defects in recycled aggregate and helped to identify the area where concentration is necessary to improve the quality of recycled aggregate using six sigma DMAIC methodology. Total of 12 defects were found in the process and raw material. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the performance of all the mix made with RCA.
40
Nakamura, Hideya, Tetsufumi Kondo, and Satoru Watano. "Improvement of particle mixing and fluidization quality in rotating fluidized bed by inclined injection of fluidizing air." Chemical Engineering Science 91 (March 2013): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.01.022.
41
Ibrahem Abdulkhader, Serwan, and Mohammed Jawdat Barzanjy. "Upgrading The Environmental Properties Of Kirkuk Kerosene Using Glacial Acetic Acid." 3C Empresa. Investigación y pensamiento crítico 12, no. 01 (March 31, 2023): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/3cemp.2023.120151.382-390.
Анотація:
Glacial acetic acid was used to improve Kirkuk kerosene samples and decrease their aromatics contents. Two sets of experimental processes were performed: the first set included more process steps (mixing by orbital shaker, heating, centrifugation, and stabilization over many days). This set of experiments showed its maximum improvement when 1 mL of glacial acetic acid was added to 10 mL of Kirkuk kerosene sample to get a 42% improvement in the aniline point and a 12.5% improvement in the smoke point. The smoke point test values gave confusing results when the stabilization was increased to 4 days; the reason may be the chemical cracking of single-ring aromatic components into polyromantic components like naphthalene, which reduced the quality of the kerosene samples. The second set of experiments included only mixing and leaving the processed kerosene sample with 2 mL mixtures of glacial acetic acid and distilled water to set for 5 minutes. The greatest improvement was obtained when 1.8 mL of water containing 0.2 mL of glacial acetic acid was mixed with 10 mL of kerosene samples, resulting in a 19% improvement in aniline point and a 45% improvement in smoke point. The total sulfur percent and flashpoint tests revealed that the second set also had an acceptable chemical effect on kerosene samples by reducing 4.8% for the total sulfur test and increasing 11.7% for the flashpoint test. As a number, the first set of experiments showed better improvements in comparison with the second set, but to scale up these experiments and apply them industrially will be very difficult and expensive, and some steps are difficult to apply like centrifugation because of its high cost and because the stabilization step consumes a lot of time. Therefore, the second set of results will be more acceptable from an engineering point of view.
42
Kaliganov, Alexey, Vladimir Konovalov, Alexey Chupshev, and Vyacheslav Teryushkov. "Modelling the effect of continuous mixer operating parameters on mixture quality." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 08009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016408009.
Анотація:
The aim of the research was to obtain a regression model of the influence of some structural and kinematic parameters of a continuous mixer working element on the quality of the prepared mixture. The research methodology included the analysis of the design of the mixing unit and the identification of factors that could significantly affect the quality of the mixture. Later, on the basis of the experimental studies, the quality of the mixture at given values of factors was determined and a regression model was established. The developed functional diagram of a continuous mixing unit made it possible to establish factors that most intensively affected the quality of the prepared mixture. The obtained adequate regression model of the coefficient of variation of the content of the control component in the samples of the mixture indicated an improvement in the quality of the mixture with an increase in the frequency of rotation of the mixers and the number of the arms levels. In terms of quality indicators, a rotation frequency of about 1500 rpm was most preferable with a number of mixer levels of at least 5.
43
Nazif, Sara, Naser Mehrdadi, Sajad Zare, and Sarvenaz Mosavari. "Improvement and prediction of OSA system performance in sludge reduction through integration with thermal and mechanical treatment." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 9 (August 11, 2016): 2087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.385.
Анотація:
The oxic–settling–anoxic (OSA) process is one of the sludge production reduction methods in the activated sludge process. In this method, sludge is stored in an anaerobic tank within the sludge return line before entrance into an aeration tank. Due to this method's flexibility in application to operating treatment plants and not being energy-consuming, its application is developing. In this research, the improvement of the OSA process is investigated via thermal and mechanical treatment in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). A pilot-scale reactor and domestic wastewater are used. Sludge was subjected to high temperature in an anaerobic tank using a heat transformer and it was subjected to mechanical shear through mechanical mixing in the anaerobic tank. Different temperatures and voltages were tested. The OSA process reduced sludge production by 24% while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate decreased from 90% to 86%. Thermal treatment combined with the OSA process caused a maximum of 46% sludge production reduction. However temperatures above 90 °C are not recommended due to a high level of decrease in COD removal. Mechanical mixing in combination with the OSA process led to 34% sludge production reduction. The effluent quality is not affected by the OSA process itself but is slightly reduced by thermal treatment and mechanical mixing. Therefore, for reaching the maximum sludge reduction in OSA plus thermal and mechanical treatment it would be necessary to evaluate the effect of different sets of parameters on effluent quality beside the sludge reduction. For this purpose multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network models are developed to predict the effluent total suspended solids and COD removal efficiency as well as sludge production rate. The models perform well and would be useful tools in determining the optimal set of system operation parameters.
44
Zhong, Min, Eri Saikawa, Yang Liu, Vaishali Naik, Larry W. Horowitz, Masayuki Takigawa, Yu Zhao, Neng-Huei Lin, and Elizabeth A. Stone. "Air quality modeling with WRF-Chem v3.5 in East Asia: sensitivity to emissions and evaluation of simulated air quality." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 1201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1201-2016.
Анотація:
Abstract. We conducted simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.5 to study air quality in East Asia at a spatial resolution of 20 km × 20 km. We find large discrepancies between two existing emissions inventories: the Regional Emission Inventory in ASia version 2 (REAS) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2 (EDGAR) at the provincial level in China, with maximum differences of up to 500 % for CO emissions, 190 % for NO, and 160 % for primary PM10. Such discrepancies in the magnitude and the spatial distribution of emissions for various species lead to a 40–70 % difference in surface PM10 concentrations, 16–20 % in surface O3 mixing ratios, and over 100 % in SO2 and NO2 mixing ratios in the polluted areas of China. WRF-Chem is sensitive to emissions, with the REAS-based simulation reproducing observed concentrations and mixing ratios better than the EDGAR-based simulation for July 2007. We conduct additional model simulations using REAS emissions for January, April, July, and October of 2007 and evaluate simulations with available ground-level observations. The model results illustrate clear regional variations in the seasonal cycle of surface PM10 and O3 over East Asia. The model meets the air quality model performance criteria for both PM10 (mean fractional bias, MFB ⩽ ±60 %) and O3 (MFB ⩽ ±15 %) at most of the observation sites, although the model underestimates PM10 over northeastern China in January. The model predicts the observed SO2 well at sites in Japan, while it tends to overestimate SO2 in China in July and October. The model underestimates observed NO2 in all 4 months. Our study highlights the importance of constraining emissions at the provincial level for regional air quality modeling over East Asia. Our results suggest that future work should focus on the improvement of provincial-level emissions especially estimating primary PM, SO2, and NOx.
45
Wang, Hui, Ling Cao, Hejun Shao, and Chen Xue. "The performance improvement of basketball shell prepared with nanomaterials modified rubber supported by wet mixing method." Materials Express 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2024.2653.
Анотація:
This study investigates the performance of rubber composite combined with carbon nanotubes to improve its physicochemical properties during the vulcanization process, thereby improving the quality of basketballs. Natural rubber and butyl rubber were mixed in a 7:3 ratio to prepare a rubber composite. Subsequently, the rubber composite was mixed with carbon nanotubes. The results demonstrate that the rubber nanocomposite prepared using wet mixing exhibits thermal aging resistance. Furthermore, the rubber nanocomposite demonstrates excellent vulcanization characteristics, which can achieve a reduction in the cure time of the rubber nanocomposite exceeding 10%. Additionally, the rubber nanocomposite shows good compatibility and mechanical properties, such as elongation at break, hardness, swelling coefficient, and cross-linking density. Notably, under high sulfur and low sulfur conditions, the decrease in tensile strength of the rubber nanocomposite is significantly smaller compared to that under the normal conditions, indicating a substantial enhancement in flexural resistance for this rubber nanocomposite. In conclusion, the prepared rubber nanocomposite shows an improvement in mechanical properties, which holds valuable implications for enhancing the quality of rubber basketballs and promoting applications of rubber products.
46
Shatub, Samer N. "The Utilization of Magnetized Water for the Improvement of Crude Oil Quality." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, no. 3 (September 11, 2022): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.545.
Анотація:
The crude oil binds from the oil fields to the refinery with water. This water contains dissolved salts, mostly chloride salts (CaCl2, NaCl, MgCl2), which are one of the components of the water emulsion in crude oil leading to the contamination of the crude oil. This pollution has a serious negative impact on the refinery units if left untreated, causing many Problems such as (corrosion, sedimentation, blockage of exchanger tubes and furnaces, and other problems). As a result, it is necessary to treat the crude oil salts and remove the effect of the salts by desalinating the oil at different stages during production at the wells and then in the refinery unit. Desalination is the main equipment used in the process of washing crude oil from salts using ordinary freshwater This work aims to use magnetized water as a substitute for normal water in the stage of washing crude oil salts by installing a water magnetization device with strength of (4500) gauss, at the site of the washing water injection line before the mixing valve at the desalination remover. The results showed that the magnetized water increased the efficiency and energy of the water used, reduced the deposition of salts and corrosion in the tubes of the distillation unit, as well as helped to crack the salt ions and transform its molecules into smaller particles and reduce their concentration in the crude oil.
47
Wen, Hua, Song Gu, You Wen Su, and Bao Long Zhu. "Field Test Research on Treatment of Over-Wet Soil." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1003.
Анотація:
Take over-wet soil as research object, this paper presents the results of field test to verify the effect and feasibility of ash mixing method, one improvement technique for over-wet soil, on improving the performance of over-wet fill in construction site. This paper also studies the construction technology of utilization of over-wet fill in moist and rainy areas; determines construction parameters; summarizes construction techniques, methods and standards of quality control preliminary. The results show: ash mixing method can effectively improve the performance of over-wet fill; note that additives and over-wet fill should be fully stirred; this approach also works well for managing viscous silty sand.
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Wen, Chengcheng, Kai Li, Tinglin Huang, Sai Wang, Yun Tang, Gang Wen, Haihan Zhang, Xiaohua Li, and Xiaochun Cai. "Extending improvements of eutrophication and water quality via induced natural mixing after artificial mixing in a stratified reservoir." Journal of Environmental Management 322 (November 2022): 116048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116048.
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Radulescu, Gabriel, and Diana Cursaru. "An Optimal Method for Lubricating Oil Compounds Properties Estimation - the Computer - Based Approach." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 3942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7677.
Анотація:
Obtaining the commercial lubricating oils through an industrial method is a process which has an extensive complexity, requiring a very special attention paid to the final products quality. In this field, any new mixing compound, any new additive and any process improvement is more than welcome. Using the so called optimal mixing recipes � in order to get commercial lubricating oils by the base oils and corresponding additives � is a common way to lower the production cost and increase its quality. This paper proposes an original software tool, developed by the authors, which offers these recipes based on the final mixture properties (explicitly given). The application is built-up around the nonlinear programming and runs under MATLAB� environment. It is a remarkably robust application, with good functionality and accuracy. Its performance is proved both in theory and practice, after laboratory experimental tests.
50
Radulescu, Gabriel, and Diana Cursaru. "An Optimal Method for Lubricating Oil Compounds Properties Estimation - the Computer - Based Approach." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 3942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.70.19.11.7677.
Анотація:
Obtaining the commercial lubricating oils through an industrial method is a process which has an extensive complexity, requiring a very special attention paid to the final products quality. In this field, any new mixing compound, any new additive and any process improvement is more than welcome. Using the so called optimal mixing recipes - in order to get commercial lubricating oils by the base oils and corresponding additives - is a common way to lower the production cost and increase its quality. This paper proposes an original software tool, developed by the authors, which offers these recipes based on the final mixture properties (explicitly given). The application is built-up around the nonlinear programming and runs under MATLAB� environment. It is a remarkably robust application, with good functionality and accuracy. Its performance is proved both in theory and practice, after laboratory experimental tests.