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Статті в журналах з теми "Imprisonment"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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1

Cogan, Susan M. "Involuntary Separations: Catholic Wives, Imprisoned Husbands, and State Authority." Genealogy 6, no. 4 (September 26, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6040079.

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In the 1580s and 1590s, the English state required that all subjects of the crown attend the Protestant state church. Those who refused (called recusants) faced imprisonment as part of the government’s attempt to bring them into religious conformity. Those imprisonments forced involuntary marital separation onto Catholic couples, the result of which was to disrupt traditional gender roles within Catholic households. Separated wives increasingly fulfilled the work their husbands performed in addition to their own responsibilities as the matriarch of a landed estate. Gentlewomen were practiced at estate business since they worked in partnership with their husbands, but a spouse’s imprisonment often meant that wives wrote more petitions and settled more legal and financial matters than they did when their husbands were at liberty. The state also imprisoned Catholic wives who undermined the religious conformity of their families and communities. Spousal imprisonment deprived couples of conjugal rights and spousal support and emphasized the state’s power to interfere in marital relationships in early modern England.

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2

Qing, Dai. "My imprisonment." Index on Censorship 21, no. 8 (September 1992): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229208535411.

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3

Van Zyl Smit, Dirk. "INTERNATIONAL IMPRISONMENT." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, no. 2 (April 2005): 357–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei004.

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Every State in the modern world has a prison system, established and purportedly administered in terms of formal legal rules. Most such systems house both sentenced and unsentenced prisoners and have minimum standards and rules that are common to all prisoners. Although there is now a considerable body of international law that aims to provide a human rights framework for the recognition of the rights of all prisoners, the universality of the prison and the ubiquity of international human rights law have not meant that there is international consensus about what imprisonment should be used for and how prisons should be administered. The prison as a penal institution has remained firmly rooted in the nation State and in national legal systems. In this respect penal institutions are different from other detention facilities, most particularly those for prisoners of war, which have long been governed by the rules of international humanitarian law.

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4

Tchaikovsky, Chris. "Rethinking Imprisonment." Criminal Justice Matters 30, no. 1 (December 1997): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259708552788.

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5

Coupland, Emma. "Mandatory Imprisonment." Alternative Law Journal 25, no. 5 (October 2000): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0002500512.

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6

GENDERS, ELAINE, and ELAINE PLAYER. "WOMEN'S IMPRISONMENT." British Journal of Criminology 26, no. 4 (October 1986): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047627.

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7

Kruttschnitt, Candace, and Rosemary Gartner. "Women's Imprisonment." Crime and Justice 30 (January 2003): 1–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652228.

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8

Grbić, Bogdanka. "Juvenile imprisonment." Pravo - teorija i praksa 40, no. 4 (2023): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2304155g.

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Juvenile delinquency is a negative social phenomenon and a socio-legal problem that has always existed in all societies of the world. In our country, the social response to juvenile crime has evolved over time. Initially, juveniles were treated as adults, and the primary purpose of punishment was repression. However, with the adoption of the Law on Juvenile Offenders and Criminal Protection of Juveniles in 2005, significant changes occurred. The new system of punishment primarily focuses on the protection, correction, and rehabilitation of juveniles. For this purpose, corrective orders are issued first. However, when the dimensions of juvenile crime surpass the possibilities offered by the application of corrective orders, criminal sanctions are imposed. Juvenile imprisonment is the only punishment recognized by our juvenile criminal legislation. It is applied as an "ultima ratio" for older juveniles, only when the legal requirements are met. The subject of the paper is precisely the analysis of the content of the sentence of juvenile imprisonment, the legal conditions for imposing it and the manner of its execution. The aim is to review the fundamental positive legal decisions in the Republic of Serbia related to the sentence of juvenile imprisonment and the criminal legal status of juveniles.

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9

Yevdokimova, Olena. "IMPRISONMENT FOR LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES LAW." Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law 10 (2019): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2019.10.24.

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10

Gordon, Avery F. "Methodologies of Imprisonment." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 3 (May 2008): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.3.651.

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For a little while now, i've been trying to understand the nature of captivity and confinement in four overlapping but distinct models prominent today. These four are the United States' model of mass imprisonment of surplus racial and ethnic populations as a form of socioeconomic abandonment; military imprisonment, especially in the course of permanent security wars; the European model of the detention of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees (“Fortress Europe”); and the Israeli model of occupation by encirclement and immobilization. In all these forms, or zones, of captivity, the status of the worker, the enemy, the criminal, the migrant, the resident—and thus the prisoner himself or herself—is being modified and mutated in profound ways. In each, older recognizable dynamics of race and class power persist and extend in new directions. In each, the very physicality of the prison takes at the same time more extreme and more abstract concretization as isolation unit, as camp, as safe haven, as city. I've wanted to develop a conceptual and evocative vocabulary for linking the socioeconomic dynamics of accumulation, dispossession, and political power to the dialectic of social death and social life as these meet in the ontological and epistemological status of the prisoner.

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11

Mungan, Murat C. "Rewards versus Imprisonment." American Law and Economics Review 23, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 432–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahab011.

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Abstract This article considers the possibility of simultaneously reducing crime, prison sentences, and the tax burden of financing the criminal justice system by introducing rewards, which operate by increasing quality of life outside of prison. Specifically, it proposes a procedure wherein a part of the imprisonment budget is redirected towards financing rewards. The feasibility of this procedure depends on how effectively the marginal imprisonment sentence reduces crime, the crime rate, the effectiveness of rewards, and how accurately the government can direct rewards towards individuals who are most responsive to such policies. A related welfare analysis reveals an advantage of rewards: they operate by transferring or creating wealth, whereas imprisonment destroys wealth. Thus, the conditions under which rewards are optimal are broader than those under which they can be used to jointly reduce crime, sentences, and taxes. With an exogenous [resp. endogenous] budget for law enforcement, it is optimal to use rewards when the imprisonment elasticity of crime is small [resp. the marginal cost of public funds is not high]. These conditions hold, implying that using rewards is optimal, in numerical examples generated by using estimates for key values from the empirical literature.

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12

Rodríguez, Dylan. "Praxis and Imprisonment." Radical Philosophy Review 8, no. 1 (2005): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/radphilrev2005816.

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13

Durlauf, Steven N., and Daniel S. Nagin. "Imprisonment and crime." Criminology & Public Policy 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 13–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00680.x.

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14

Austin, James. "Making imprisonment unprofitable." Criminology & Public Policy 10, no. 3 (July 19, 2011): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2011.00753.x.

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15

Silver, Ian A., and Joseph L. Nedelec. "Ensnarement During Imprisonment." Criminology & Public Policy 17, no. 4 (November 2018): 1005–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12397.

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16

Artt, Sarah, and Anne Schwan. "Screening Women’s Imprisonment." Television & New Media 17, no. 6 (August 2016): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476416647499.

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17

McBride, Keally. "Incarceration and Imprisonment." Law, Culture and the Humanities 6, no. 3 (August 27, 2010): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872110374260.

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18

DÜNKEL, FRIEDER. "IMPRISONMENT IN TRANSITION." British Journal of Criminology 35, no. 1 (1995): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048491.

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19

Martin, Susan E. "Analysing Women's Imprisonment." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 6 (November 2005): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610503400647.

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20

Nagin, Daniel S., Francis T. Cullen, and Cheryl Lero Jonson. "Imprisonment and Reoffending." Crime and Justice 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 115–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599202.

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21

VAN ZYL SMIT, DIRK. "Abolishing Life Imprisonment?" Punishment & Society 3, no. 2 (April 2001): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14624740122228348.

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22

Einspruch, Burton C. "Ironies of Imprisonment." Psychiatric Services 57, no. 1 (January 2006): 148—a—149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.57.1.148-a.

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23

Ramsbotham, David. "What Price Imprisonment?" Medico-Legal Journal 72, no. 3 (January 2004): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmlj.72.3.88.

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24

Ramsbotham, D. "What Price Imprisonment?" Medico-Legal Journal 72, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/spmlj.72.3.88.

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25

Hopkins, Brooke. "Winnicott and Imprisonment." American Imago 62, no. 3 (2005): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aim.2005.0031.

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26

Laing, Karen. "Analysing Women's Imprisonment." Crime Prevention and Community Safety 7, no. 1 (January 2005): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8140212.

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27

Dhami, Mandeep K., Peter Ayton, and George Loewenstein. "Adaptation To Imprisonment." Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, no. 8 (June 18, 2007): 1085–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854807302002.

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28

Cid, José. "Is Imprisonment Criminogenic?" European Journal of Criminology 6, no. 6 (October 7, 2009): 459–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370809341128.

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29

Mussell, Linda. "Disrupting Intergenerational Imprisonment." Journal of Prisoners on Prisons 31, no. 2 (November 21, 2022): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/jpp.v31i2.6552.

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30

Burdin, Volodymyr. "IMPRISONMENT FOR A DETERMINATE TERM AND LIFE IMPRISONMENT: ACTUAL APPLICATION ISSUES." Social Legal Studios 8, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2020-2-80-88.

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31

Carlton, Bree, and Marie Segrave. "Women's survival post-imprisonment: Connecting imprisonment with pains past and present." Punishment & Society 13, no. 5 (December 2011): 551–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474511422174.

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32

David, Ferenc. "THE LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN THE HUNGARIAN CRIMINAL LAW." Strani pravni život 67, no. 1 (April 21, 2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/spz_23103kj.

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Анотація:

Among penalties, the imprisonment is imposed for a fixed duration or for a life term in Hungary. In many cases the duration of an imprisonment may be longer due to the fact that relative dangerous criminal offenses or special circumstances shall be punished differently. As a part of the imprisonment system, but above and on the top of the penalties the life imprisonment is taking place. This penalty is usually facultative and the judge may decide whether the perpetrator would be sentenced for a fixed-term imprisonment between ten and twenty years or to the life imprisonment. The key issues of an “effective” life imprisonment are the right to hope. In line with Hungarian criminal law the court may deny the possibility of parole in connection with sentencing a person for life imprisonment. In the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, Hungarian life imprisonment received special attention and also serves as an example for the sustainability of the current regulation. In this article the author shall guide through Hungarian regulation history and highlight the current system of penalties including the right to hope and the possibility of parole.

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33

شریفی زیرکسار, حسین. "Sociological Analysis of Alternative Sanctions to Imprisonment in Afghanistan Criminal Justice System." ghalib quarterly journal 13, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58342/ghalibqj.v.13.i.2.7.

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Анотація:

Imprisonment is one of the criminal reactions, which is applied to establishment of social order and ensure justice. Alternative punishments of imprisonment were proposed as a result of the emergence of critical criminology theories in the 19th century and de-imprisonment theories. According to the theories of the abolitionist schools, the movements of de-imprisonment and international documents, the Afghan legislator has determined the alternative punishments of imprisonment as the main punishment in 2016. The novelty of the alternative punishment of imprisonment as the main punishment in the penal code and how it matches with the prevailing culture needs a research in this regard. The purpose of the research is to study the alternative punishments of imprisonment, its function in reforming the criminal and how it is accepted as a social phenomenon in the Afghan society. The question is, what is the function of alternative prison sentences from a sociological point of view? What is the feedback of alternative prison sentences in correction and rehabilitation of criminals? This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, using a library tool to collect data, in the criminal law of Afghanistan. The findings of the research are; The legislator has determined the alternative punishments of imprisonment for the first time in its modern form as the main punishment. As far as the alternative punishments of imprisonment have been implemented in the society, according to the punishment of imprisonment, it has played more effective roles in the part of reformingthe criminal. Chnging imprisonment to an alternative punishment during punishment shows the flexibility of the legislator regarding the criminals in order to provide the basis for their reformation. However, lack of strict monitoring of its implementation, lack of necessary tools and equipment for electronic monitoring, and lack of culturalizaion among judges to determine alternative punishments to imprisonment are among the problems in its implementation.

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34

Tikhonova, S. S., and A. I. Kokunov. "MODELS OF ARTICLE SANCTIONS OF THE SPECIAL PART OF CODIFIED CRIMINAL LAW FOR MINOR OFFENCE CRIMES: MODERN LAW-TECNICAL THEORY AND LEGISLATIVE PRACTICE." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-6-241-247.

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Possible models of article sanctions of the special part of codified criminal law for minor offence crimes w are presented. Sanctions prescribing one main punishment are single. Sanctions prescribing several main punishments are alternative. Single sanctions can theoretically have 3 types: single sanction with imprisonment; single sanction without imprisonment with more lenient punishment; single sanction without imprisonment with more strict punishment. Alternative sanctions can be subdivided on alternative sanction with imprisonment and lowering alternative; alternative sanction with imprisonment and raising alternative. According to principle of criminal law justice crimes of various category should have various sanction models with different qualitative characteristics. On the basis of this adoption, analysis of modern legislative practice and provisions of criminal and legal doctrine recommendations about crime sanctions for minor offence are formulated. According to these recommendations minor offence crimes can be single and have more lenient punishments than imprisonment or alternative without imprisonment with the lowering alternative or with imprisonment and the lowering alternative. At the same time it is necessary to say that single sanction can include only universal type of punishment. Thus, penalty can be used for single sanctions designing of minor offence crimes.

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35

О. M., Dzhuzha, and Melnychenko І. P. "CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN DECISIONS REGARDING NON-COMPLIANCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE 3 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2020, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2020.01.033.

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The article provides a legal analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in such cases like “Vinter and Others v. The United Kingdom”, “Hutchinson v. The United Kingdom”. The European Court of Human Rights has established key standards for those sentenced to life imprisonment, compliance with which will ensure that this type of punishment meets the requirements of the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Such standards are: 1) sentencing of life imprisonment is not prohibited and does not conflict with the Article 3 or any other article of the Convention. The imposition of “non-reducible” life imprisonment may raise questions of compliance with the requirements of the Article 3 of the Convention; 2) in decision making whether life imprisonment can be considered as “non-reducible”, it is necessary to establish whether the person convicted to life imprisonment had any prospect of release. If national law provides for the possibility of reviewing life imprisonment regarding its mitigating, reducing, terminating or releasing, this is sufficient to satisfy the requirements of th Article 3 of the Convention; 3) for the purposes of the Article 3 of the Convention it is sufficient that life imprisonment is reducible de jure and de facto; 4) European penitentiary policy is currently focusing on the correctional purpose of imprisonment, in particular until the end of long prison sentences; 5) at the very beginning of the sentence a person convicted to life imprisonment has the right to know what he must do to consider the possibility of his release and under what conditions the sentence will be reviewed or also in what order a request to this may be made; 6) if domestic law does not provide for any mechanism or possibility to review life imprisonment, then the non-compliance with the requirements of the Article 3 of the Convention occurs at the time of imposition of life imprisonment and not at a later stage. The importance of such standards separating of the European Court of Human Rights for the national theory and practice of life imprisonment is that these provisions are effective guidelines for determining the prospects of releasing from sentencing in the form life imprisonment. Key words: European Court of Human Rights, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, case law, convict, life imprisonment.

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36

Makhmudov, Olmos Тolif Ugli. "Application Of Imprisonment In Criminal Law: Foreign Experience." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 3, no. 05 (May 19, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue05-06.

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Анотація:

This article examines the use of punishment in the form of imprisonment in the legislation of foreign countries. This article analyzes the role of imprisonment in the criminal justice system of some foreign countries, as well as its application to the crime committed, the terms and conditions of imprisonment. The issues of development and implementation of the most effective, but at the same time promising methods and techniques of influencing convicts serving sentences in foreign countries are analyzed.

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37

Tuliglovich, M. A. "Sentencing to Life Imprisonment." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/2686-9241.2020.4.44-61.

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Introduction. After declaring a moratorium on the death penalty in Russia life imprisonment has turned to be the most severe of the applied criminal punishments. In order to respect the rights and interests of all parties of the criminal process, the court when passing a sentence shall con¬sider all the characteristic features of this kind of imprisonment. Taking into account the processes of self-organization, the lack of common approaches to the imprisonment for life in law, the use of evaluation categories that are not explained in the prac¬tice of the highest court, as well as the presence of gaps in certain provisions of the criminal law, leads to the fact that the courts in different regions in text justify and substantiate the sentence of life imprisonment form their own experience. The problem of sentencing in the form of life imprisonment has become the subject of the article. The author’s approach is based on the analysis of the first instance courts sentences and the examination of their features. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The work is carried out with the use of such general scientific research methods as comparative legal, dialectical, formal legal, and hermeneutical methods are applied. The above methods are used in conjunction in order to obtain a synergistic effect of the research. Results. When passing a life sentence, it is important to describe thoroughly the exceptional dan¬ger of the defendant. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in the cancellation of the sentence. The author also analyzes the circumstances that are to preclude the possibility of life imprisonment, deals with the features of life verdict in the case of a combination of crimes or sen¬tences in the particular situation, takes up the questions of determining the type of correctional facility for a person sentenced to this type of punishment. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the author’s research, the article offers legal options for describing the exceptional danger of the person committed the crime, reflecting in the sentence the punishment imposed for a combination of crimes and sentences, one of which is life impris¬onment.

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38

Dagger. "Playing Fair with Imprisonment." Good Society 23, no. 1 (2014): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/goodsociety.23.1.0030.

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39

Brudner, Alan. "Imprisonment and Strict Liability." University of Toronto Law Journal 40, no. 4 (1990): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/825683.

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40

Falzon, Chris. "Sartre: Freedom as Imprisonment." Philosophy Today 47, no. 2 (2003): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday200347242.

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41

STEFFENSMEIER, DARRELL, JOHN KRAMER, and CATHY STREIFEL. "GENDER AND IMPRISONMENT DECISIONS." Criminology 31, no. 3 (August 1993): 411–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01136.x.

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42

Cook, Philip J. "Explaining the imprisonment epidemic." Criminology & Public Policy 8, no. 1 (February 2009): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00545.x.

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43

Mahan, Sue, Russel P. Dobash, R. Emerson Dobash, and Sue Gutteridge. "The Imprisonment of Women." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 79, no. 2 (1988): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143482.

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44

Fiscina, Sal. "Administrative Error: False Imprisonment." Military Medicine 151, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/151.4.230.

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45

O’Donnell, Ian. "The art of imprisonment." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 3 (December 6, 2018): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659018815941.

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46

Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira. "Life imprisonment in Uganda." Common Law World Review 45, no. 2-3 (June 2016): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473779516666006.

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47

Filipčič, Katja. "Life imprisonment in Slovenia." Crimen 10, no. 3 (2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen1903225f.

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Groves, Matthew. "Immigration Detention vs Imprisonment." Alternative Law Journal 29, no. 5 (October 2004): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0402900505.

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Rutter, Philip A. "The Pains of Imprisonment." Death Studies 34, no. 2 (January 20, 2010): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180903495086.

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Allen, Danielle. "Imprisonment in Classical Athens." Classical Quarterly 47, no. 1 (May 1997): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/47.1.121.

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Анотація:

Nineteenth–century scholars assumed that the Athenians as a community punished citizens with death, exile, atimia, and fines and used imprisonment only to hold those awaiting trial, those awaiting execution, and those unable to pay fines.1 As they saw it, brief imprisonment in the stocks occasionally supplemented these penalties, but always as additional penalty–never as a penalty on its own. Barkan saw in the use of imprisonment as an additional penalty the likelihood of general penal imprisonment and used evidence from the oratorical corpus to make an argument therefore.2 His argument seems to have been largely ignored–the nineteenth–century interpretation continuing dominant; and the issue, largely unexplored but for a few glancing references in recent scholarship.3 The issue remains, thus, sufficiently vexed to make worthwhile a restatement of the argument for the use of punitive imprisonment. Also, the evidence provides clues worth setting forth as to why and when punitive imprisonment developed. Indeed, these are sufficient to make an argument about the relevance of the development to Athenian political history. For the introduction of penal imprisonment in Athens proves an extremely important historical moment, marking as it does both the completion of a general will institutionalized (in a punishment of consumption of the wrong–doer within, rather than of expulsion from, the community) and a significant point in the establishment of isonomia.

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