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1
Yasmin, Fauzia, and SM Khorshed Alam. "Livestock research generated technologies and their impact on Bangladesh national economy." Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research 20, no. 1-2 (May 10, 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlr.v20i1-2.47021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted by using annual research investment data of BLRI to estimate the impact of livestock research generated technologies on national economy of Bangladesh. The results showed that the livestock research investment was increased and consequently contribution in GDP of livestock sector was also increased. The result of Chow Test F1,35= 4.35 indicated that there is a great positive impact of livestock technologies on livestock Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The results revealed that the contribution of generated livestock technologies through annual investment Tk.1.65 million in livestock research, which was increased livestock GDP by Tk. 3,044.56 million annually which saved Tk. 2913.93 million of import expenditures of livestock products from outside countries. Therefore, to save significant amounts of foreign exchange through reducing imports and earn more foreign exchange through export; more investment on livestock research is needed. Hence, further national economic development, Bangladesh government must emphasize research investment for generating livestock technologies.
Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 77-87, Jan-Dec 2013
2
Tikhomirov, A. I. "THE CURRENT STATE IMPORT DEPENDENCE AND COMPETITIVENESS IMPORT OF LIVESTOCK BREEDING." Экономика сельского хозяйства России, no. 8 (2016): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32651/2070-0288-2016-8-47-53.
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Stańko, Stanisław, and Aneta Mikuła. "Zmiany na rynku mięsa wieprzowego w Polsce w latach 2001 2017." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.2.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changes in pork supply in Poland in the years 2001-2017 were presented. The pig population was characterized by a downward trend in all groups of animals. In the years 2001-2007, livestock imports grew annually by 71 thousand pcs, and in the years 2008-2017 by 603.5 thousand pcs. The increasing scale of livestock import slowed the decline in meat production. Livestock export was characterized by high variability and was small. Meat imports were characterized by a growing scale and pace (almost 32% per annum in 2001-2008 and 3.1% in 2009-2017). Meat exports grew, and the growth rate since 2009 exceeded the scale of import growth, which improved the negative balance of meat trade. Exports of pork products were characterized by a rapid upward trend, and small imports. Pork prices in Poland "followed" average prices in EU countries. In the medium term, the growth rate of prices in the EU and in Poland will be small (0.8% per year). In the medium term Poland will remain a significant livestock importer.
4
Kolosov, Y. A., N. G. Chamurliev, V. H. Fedorov, N. F. Illarionova, A. F. Kaidalov, E. S. Vorontsova, and V. V. Fedorova. "Regional problems of livestock production and import substitution." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 624 (January 8, 2021): 012143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012143.
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Jeong, Ji Hyun, Hong Sung Mun, Jae Bong Chang, and Min Kyoung Kim. "Asymmetric Price Transmission of Import Livestock in Korea." Korean Journal of Agricultural Management and Policy 45, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 376–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30805/kjamp.2018.45.3.376.
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Kolosov, Y. A., N. G. Chamurliev, V. H. Fedorov, N. F. Illarionova, A. F. Kaidalov, E. S. Vorontsova, and V. V. Fedorova. "Regional problems of livestock production and import substitution." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 624 (January 8, 2021): 012143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012143.
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Dhall, Niharika. "The WTO Compatibility of the Indian AI Import Ban." Global Trade and Customs Journal 10, Issue 9 (September 1, 2015): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2015038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body has confirmed that India’s Avian Influenza measure prohibiting the import of livestock and livestock products from countries reporting Avian Influenza is incompatible with the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures as the application of the import ban was not based on a risk assessment or relevant international standards, appropriate to the circumstances.
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Ding, Chenchen, Yong Xia, Yang Su, Feng Li, Changjiang Xiong, and Jingwen Xu. "Study on the Impact of Climate Change on China’s Import Trade of Major Agricultural Products and Adaptation Strategies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 14374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With global warming, China’s agricultural products are facing severe production conditions and a complex international trade situation. In order to clarify the relationship between climate change and China’s agricultural trade, this paper uses the GTAP model to explore the impact of climate change on China’s agricultural trade from the perspectives of agricultural production and supply, energy substitution and trade policy. The results show that: (1) From the overall effect, the production supply risk and energy substitution risk caused by climate change have a positive impact on China’s import trade, among which the energy substitution risk has brought about an import trade growth of 38.050%, the production supply risk has brought about an import trade growth of 12.635%, and the trade policy risk has a negative impact, bringing about an import trade decline of 12.589%. (2) Under the impact of production and supply risks caused by climate change, the import volume of different industrial sectors has increased by varying degrees, including livestock products (16.521%) > food crops (14.162%) > cash crops (7.220%). The increase in import trade mainly comes from the United States (10.731%), Canada (10.650%) and Australia (9.455%). (3) Under the impact of energy substitution risk caused by climate change, the increase in import trade was concentrated in food crops (48.144%) and livestock products (42.834%), mainly from the United States (57.098%), the European Union (55.014%) and Canada (53.508%). (4) Under the impact of trade policy risks caused by climate change, the import trade of different industrial sectors showed a downward trend, with cash crops (13.039%) > livestock products (12.588%) > cash crops (12.140%). The countries and regions with significant decline in import trade were ASEAN (−46.131%) and the United States (−28.028%). The trade deficit shifted to surplus, and the terms of trade were improved. Therefore, this paper suggests that we should deal with the impact of climate change on agricultural trade by developing “climate smart” agriculture, actively responding to low-carbon trade measures, and establishing an agricultural trade promotion mechanism to address the risk of climate change.
9
OISHI, Akiko. "Stricter Quarantine Measures against Illegal Import of Livestock Products." Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology 23, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2743/jve.23.102.
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10
Hall, Stephen J. G. "Conservation and Utilization of Livestock Breed Biodiversity." Outlook on Agriculture 25, no. 2 (June 1996): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The future of livestock breeding depends on the availability of a large gene pool from which useful traits can be selected. Genetic conservation is therefore vital, and should be aimed at all existing breeds, regardless of their usefulness under present conditions. Developed countries can afford to maintain stocks of rare breeds, but firm measures are still needed in the developing world, especially where indigenous breeds are threatened by the import of exotic strains. More attention should be given to the use of indigenous breeds in livestock development programmes, and genetic impact analysis should be routine where exotics are used.
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STADNIK, Anatoly T., Svetlana G. CHERNOVA, Konstantin E. VAHNEVICH, Sergei SCHELKOVNIKOV, Anastasia A. SAMOKHVALOVA, and Yana V. LEONOVA. "Improving the Grain Distribution System in the Context of the State Regulation of the Market." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.3(41).30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The grain farming is the basic sector of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Russian Federation, which has always been the basis for the sustainable development of the entire agricultural sector of the country. The feed grain is of particular importance for obtaining cheap livestock products and import substitution in this field. The share of the imported meat and dairy products will sharply decrease if the system of ensuring self-sufficiency for the country's regions with grain is properly built. At the same time, the resources spent on imports will fund the development of the entire AIC. Due to some natural and economic factors, not all regions in the Russian Federation are able to provide themselves with their own grain. It is favorable for such regions to import cheap grain from other regions and to supply their cheap livestock products to these regions. Most of the grain should be fed to livestock and poultry in order to eliminate the discrepancy between the export and import of food. The attempts are made in the Russian Federation to transfer agriculture to an industrial basis, but, unfortunately, this is done only in the farms that receive high subsidies and preferential loans, while most of the farms try to develop at their own expense, which they lack. This results in the technological backwardness of the industry and the general crisis state.
12
Kinnucan, Henry W. "Effects of Japanese Import Demand on U.S. Livestock Prices: Comment." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 1 (April 2004): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800021994.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A recent study by Miljkovic, Marsh, and Brester estimates that reductions in the Japanese tariff-rate quota between 1993 and 2001 increased U.S. beef prices by $1.03 per cwt and yen depreciation between 1995 and 1998 reduced U.S. hog prices by $0.99 per cwt. Relaxing the assumption that U.S. beef and hog supplies are fixed cuts the total elasticities underlying these estimates by 50% or more. The upshot is that shocks in the Japanese market have little effect on U.S. beef and pork prices. Hence, producers may be better off focusing on domestic issues such as dietary concerns over red meat consumption.
13
Miljkovic, Dragan, John M. Marsh, and Gary W. Brester. "Effects of Japanese Import Demand on U.S. Livestock Prices: Reply." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 1 (April 2004): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In responding to a comment article, we concur that quantifying U.S. livestock price response to changing Japanese meat import demand requires nonzero supply elasticities beyond one quarter. However, rigidities in market trade and empirical tests justify the inclusion of exchange rates in the short-run analysis. Producer welfare asymptotically approaches zero for increasing supply elasticities in the long run, but short-run transitions in producer surplus are meaningful to producers.
14
Kireyenka, Natallia, Aliaksandr Gorbatovski, Aksana Harbatouskaya та Liudmila Dounar. "Внешние условия и факторы функционирования отраслей животноводства Республики Беларусь". Belarusian Economic Journal 2/2020, № 2 (91) - 2020 (26 червня 2020): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.46782/1818-4510-2020-2-96-108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The assessment of conditions and factors of external economic environment of functioning of the main livestock breeding sectors in the new conditions of management was made. From the point of view of import intensity and competitiveness of animal production the condition of the branch on separate kinds of its production resources, such as forages, veterinary preparations and breeding cattle is analyzed. The level of production of animal products in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union has been determined and the competitive advantages of the animal husbandry sectors of Belarus under the conditions of the EEU functioning have been assessed by the price of commodity producers, the level of productivity of agricultural animals, profitability of production. Significant external factors determining the modern vector of livestock breeding development in the context of implementing a set of measures to ensure food security, import substitution and export development in conditions of growing competition in the market of EEU member states have been identified.
15
Wahl, Thomas I., Dermot J. Hayes, and Gary W. Williams. "Dynamic Adjustment in the Japanese Livestock Industry Under Beef Import Liberalization." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73, no. 1 (February 1991): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242888.
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Vasyl, BUDZYAK, and BUDZYAK Olha. "IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET OF UKRAINE." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2021(38)04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Today, Ukraine’s agriculture is one of the most export-oriented sectors of the economy. The export of crop products, most notably, grain crops, is especially successful. Population growth in most countries of the world, as well as climate change, accelerate the growth of demand for agricultural products. However, amid the constant growth in exports of crop products, there is a gradual increase in imports of livestock products. Also, there is an increasing demand in Ukraine for certain types of crop products that are not grown in the country. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that mostly researchers study certain issues of imports of agricultural products, which are lacking in the domestic agricultural market. The aim of the article is toanalyze the level of import dependence of the main types of livestock and crop products and justify ways to reduce it in modern conditions. Materials and methods.The article uses general scientific research methods: system and complex analysis, synthesis and abstraction, as well as the index method. Results. The general rates of product import indicate a rather high import dependence of Ukraine in livestock production, which constitutes 12 % only for meat. The most critical situation with import dependence is regarding fish and fish products with a 70–76 % import rate. As for crop production, the most critical import dependence is in fruits, berries, and grapes, where it ranges from 35 % to 42 %. To accelerate the process of import substitution in Ukrainian agriculture, it is proposed to increase the volume of cultivation of the relevant types of domestic products, to form a flexible system of tariff and non-tariff regulation of imports and exports of agricultural products, to grow and promote substitutes and domestic analogs, to minimize Ukraine’s dependence on agricultural products of critical imports. Conclusion. The expediency of import substitution in agriculture is based on ensuring food, and hence economic security of our state, as well as on preserving existing and creating new jobs not only in agriculture but also in other related sectors of the economy. Import substitution allows to leave the corresponding financial resources in the country and to create added value, primarily, in agriculture. As a result, the competitiveness of domestic farmers and the efficiency of their activities increase, and the domestic agricultural market becomes more stable and predictable.
17
Kagirova, Maria, and Alia Malina. "Analysis of the conditions of self-sufficiency of the region with meat products (on the example of the Samara Region)." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2006-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current conditions of international cooperation on export-import policy and the development of the country’s domestic economy require special attention to ensuring food security, especially in relation to animal breeding products, which occupy a significant share in the volume of imports in the Russian Federation. The high degree of differentiation of regions in terms of the development of agricultural production due to differences in climatic conditions and historically determined sectoral characteristics of production are the basis of the relevance of a close study of the conditions and development potential of beef cattle breeding at the regional level. This paper contains a statistical analysis of the conditions for ensuring food security in the Samara Region as a territory that has a high resource potential for livestock breeding, but does not fully realize it, turning into an import-dependent market. Based on the application of the grouping method, analysis of time series, and correlation analysis, the region features, livestock production trend are identified, the main factors affecting the food independence of the region are established.
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Kagirova, Maria, and Alia Malina. "Analysis of the conditions of self-sufficiency of the region with meat products (on the example of the Samara Region)." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2007-04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current conditions of international cooperation on export-import policy and the development of the country’s domestic economy require special attention to ensuring food security, especially in relation to animal breeding products, which occupy a significant share in the volume of imports in the Russian Federation. The high degree of differentiation of regions in terms of the development of agricultural production due to differences in climatic conditions and historically determined sectoral characteristics of production are the basis of the relevance of a close study of the conditions and development potential of beef cattle breeding at the regional level. This paper contains a statistical analysis of the conditions for ensuring food security in the Samara Region as a territory that has a high resource potential for livestock breeding, but does not fully realize it, turning into an import-dependent market. Based on the application of the grouping method, analysis of time series, and correlation analysis, the region features, livestock production trend are identified, the main factors affecting the food independence of the region are established.
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Denissova, Oxana, Marina Kozlova, and Madina Rakhimberdinova. "Potential for import substitution of livestock products in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Economy: strategy and practice 15, no. 1 (2020): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/jesp/issue_1_t4.
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Denissova, O., and M. U. Rakhimberdinova. "Development of import substitution as a factor in ensuring food security in Kazakhstan." Economics: the strategy and practice 16, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2021-2-107-115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of assessing the dependence of the Republic of Kazakhstan on food imports, as well as developing priority areas for the development of the livestock industry in the context of import substitution.Research methods-the paper used methods of systematization of information from the analyzed literature sources, including: analysis, synthesis, structuring. The methods of expert assessments, questionnaires, Express surveys, and interviews were also used.The main method for forming the information base of the study was used by the official data of state institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results of the study-the current state of food supply in the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed. It is revealed that the export of food products in the country is significantly inferior to imports. In the nomenclature of the country’s imports, a significant share is occupied by livestock products, which reduces the competitiveness of domestic products. In order to ensure the country’s food security, aspects of animal husbandry development are proposed to form the potential for import substitution of the economy of Kazakhstan.Conclusions: the productivity of domestic agriculture in general, and the development of the food and processing industry in particular – are important tasks of the state. The recommendations developed by the authors allow us to modify the economic mechanisms of state regulation of the agri-food market.
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Minh, Doan Nguyen, Le Thi Viet Nga, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Pham Minh Dat. "Vietnam’s Meat Import Market Under Impacts Of The European -Vietnam Free Trade Agreement And Quality Management Demand." Management 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The impact of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on commercial business of the member could be assessed by the potential and tangible effects. This paper is adopted by Partial equilibrium theory and SMART tool to measure the impact of EVFTA on the Vietnamese meat import (HS code 02). The result of this model is claimed that EVFTA has a huge impact on boosting the meat import from EU to Vietnam. However, the value of import in this category from European nations in each country and good fluctuated significantly. This study also proposes some measures for domestic businesses and the government to ensure the benefits on Vietnam’s livestock industry. Last but not least, meat quality management is one of vital issues under EFVTA and global competitiveness to meet higher expectation of consumers. Good food (meat) manufacturing practices need to be applied. That is the social contribution value of this paper.
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Sadu, Zhanna, Gul'nara Kushebina, and V. Kuhar'. "The main problems of processing livestock products in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Agrarian Bulletin of the, no. 13 (January 29, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-13-86-91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Objective. Identification, assessment and solution of the main problems of livestock processing enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods. In the course of the study, analytical and economic-statistical methods, general scientific methods of systemic, comparative and structural-logical analysis were applied. Results. The article presents the results of the assessment of the current situation processing of livestock products in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the dynamics of dairy production for 2015–2019, which have a significant effect on the production direction of the industry, the regional location of the dairy enterprises, security at the expense of domestic production, exports and imports of milk and dairy products. The main problems of the milk processing industry are identified. Measures of state support for the processing of agricultural products are disclosed in order to ensure maximum utilization of processing enterprises, increase the share of processing of agricultural raw materials and increase the competitiveness of domestic products in the domestic and foreign markets. The current situation of meat processing enterprises in terms of their number and workload in the context of regions and in the republic as a whole is studied. The article presents the dynamics of the production of sausage products, canned meat and meat-growing products, security due to domestic production, as well as the export and import of meat products. The main problems and a number of measures of state support for the meat industry implemented by the state are indicated. Trends in the development of agricultural processing enterprises within the framework of the main state programs for the development of the meat industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the problems of processing livestock products in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the definition of the main directions of state support for processing enterprises in the livestock industry.
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Ortega, Arth David Sol, Malam Abulbashar Mujitaba, Somsy Xayalath, Winson Gutierrez, Ana Celina Soriano, and Csaba Szabó. "Perspectives of the livestock sector in the Philippines: A review." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/9101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Philippine livestock industry is a vital component in the country's agricultural sector. It contributes around 18.23 percent of the gross output value in agriculture and provides livelihood to many people living in rural areas, signifying its importance with regard to the country’s economy. The constantly increasing demand for animal protein associated with the increase of the world’s population led to the intensification of livestock production, realized through the various initiatives implemented by the government, such as the import of high producing purebreds of various species. This strategy greatly influenced the country's animal genetic resource's diversity and increased food animals' population; however, it impacted the native breeds of food animals. Understanding the characteristics, performance and value of native and exotic breeds is essential to prioritize their livestock industry existence. Thus, this paper aims to characterize various native and exotic breeds of livestock in the Philippines and assess the current conservation of native animals.
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Manarisip, Cicilia M., Y. L. R. Tulung, W. B. Kaunang, and R. A. V. Tuturoong. "PERBANDINGAN NILAI BIOLOGIS PAKAN LOKAL DAN IMPOR PADA ANAK KUDA PACU INDONESIA." ZOOTEC 37, no. 1 (October 26, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.37.1.2017.13839.
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ABSTRACT COMPARISON OF BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF LOCAL AND IMPORT FEED IN INDONESIAN CHILD RACE HORSE. This research aims to determine the livestock child race horse's ability to digest feed, both local and imported feed. Digestibility of nutrients is a factor that determines the quality of feed ingredients or feed consumed by the livestock horses. This research used Statistics t-test method.Techniques of data retrieval are interviews and direct observations at sites of breeding racehorses. Data collected ie the type of local feed (corn, rice bran, fish meal, soybean, mung beans, coconut cake) and the types of imported feed (sustaina). The amount of feed (forage and concentrates) were given to livestock of child racehorse obtain the amount of feces (g / head / day) is then taken as many as 12 samples each of 8 racehorses using local feed and 4 racehorses use imported feed. The variables measured are digestibility of energy and protein digestibility. The results of the research are digestible energy (local feed ± 85.92 and imported feed ± 87.58) and protein digestibility (local feed ± 75.86 and imported feed 86.89 ±). T test, showed that the energy digestibility of feed imports give effect not significantly different (P> 0.05) compared to local feed while the digestibility of protein feed imports significantly different (P <0.01) in comparison with the local feed. Based on these results it can be concluded that the digestibility of protein for imported feed better than the local feed. Keywords: livestock horses, local feed, imported feed, digestibility
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Naz, Ghulam Hyder, та Shabeer Ahmed Shahwani. "براہوئی خلقی شاعری ٹی سہدارتاشیئراک۔". Al-Burz 3, № 1 (10 грудня 2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v3i1.171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research article has two main objectives, firstly it shows the economically importance of livestock, in Balochistan. It was the only medium of regional economy in past of nomadic life of our forefather. This was used as export and import from one place to another. The word "Bahgea" reflects the richest family or personality in the earliest society. Livestock was the unique way to promote market. Secondly the core objective of this article is to recall that portion of Brahui folk lore, where the animal, mammal was main subject of Brahui khalki poetry. This research article would be source of fundamental information about livestock especially about Goats. The "Shohan" or poets make classification between their Goats through preserving their colures in Brahui folk lore. This article has adopted descriptive and comparative approach.
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Palasevski, B., Z. Naletoski, and N. Mateva. "Current situation and perspective of cattle breeding in Republic of Macedonia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906581p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lack of food, especially lack of protein in this millennium will be main problem in many countries, especially developing ones. Satisfying of the needs of the human population in nutrition products will be global problem. On the other hand, world trends are directed towards providing not only sufficient quantities of food but also that food is adequate and satisfactory in regard to the quality. Genetic progress offers solutions for satisfaction of needs by use of genetically modified organisms (GMO), but on the other hand, consumers and consumer organizations are against their use. Macedonia, in spite of its potential for development of agriculture in general, including livestock production, is considered as country which can not satisfy its own needs and has to import food in order to cover the needs of the population.. Livestock production in developed livestock breeding countries participates in general agriculture with high share. In Austria, livestock production participates in total agriculture with 67%. In Switzerland cattle breeding participates in total production with 53% (33% in milk production and 20% in meat production). In the Netherlands cattle breeding participates in livestock production with 68%, in Germany with 64%, whereas in total agriculture with 44%. In Finland cattle production participates in livestock production with 63%. In Republic of Macedonia, cattle breeding in livestock production participates with 24,5%, and livestock production in total agriculture with 35,3%. Characteristics of Macedonian livestock production are small farms with 2 to 3 cows per farm (75% of total number of farms) and small land property (80% of farms with 1 to 3 ha).
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Miljkovic, Dragan, John M. Marsh, and Gary W. Brester. "Japanese Import Demand for U.S. Beef and Pork: Effects on U.S. Red Meat Exports and Livestock Prices." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 34, no. 3 (December 2002): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800009275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Japanese import demand for U.S. beef and pork products and the effects on domestic livestock prices are econometrically estimated. Japan is the most important export market for U.S. beef and pork products. Results indicate foreign income, exchange rates, and protectionist measures are statistically significant. The comparative statics quantify the effects of recent economic volatility. For example, the 1995-1998 depreciation in the Japanese yen (39%) reduced U.S. slaughter steer and hog prices by $1.29 per cwt and $0.99 per cwt, respectively, while the 1994-1998 reduction in tariffs (14%) increased slaughter steer and hog prices by $0.49 per cwt and $0.33 per cwt, respectively. Livestock producers will continue to have a vested interest in Asian trade liberalization policies.
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Rae, Allan N., and Faisal Kasryno. "A PAM Analysis of Livestock Policies in Indonesia." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 22, no. 1 (April 1993): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid increase in consumption of some livestock products in Indonesia, expansion of domestic production of these commodities may enhance smallholders' incomes, increase rural employment and add to the country's trade balance. Policy analysis matrices (PAMs) were constructed to estimate divergences between private and social costs and returns in poultry and pig production in selected regions of Indonesia. In each case, producers' use of capital was subsidised but feed input private costs exceeded social values, and output prices received by producers fell short of values based on world prices. Production of all products as import substitutes was socially profitable, but in many instances private returns to farmers were negative. Product price and feed cost divergences were the major policy-induced distortions. Reform of these policies was estimated in a static partial equilibrium framework to lead to supply expansions of each livestock product, a contraction in livestock product consumption, and therefore additional net foreign exchange earnings from the poultry and pig sectors of around $320 million.
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Aamir Shahzad, Muhammad. "The need for national livestock surveillance in Pakistan." Journal of Dairy Research 89, no. 1 (February 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029922000012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRanked amongst the top five milk-producing countries globally, the Pakistan dairy industry can help to overcome food shortage and hunger, alleviate poverty and positively impact economic growth. This influencing role could potentially be more significant while the COVID-19 pandemic severely affects humanity, challenges the economy and increases the risk of global food shortage. However, its large national population of dairy livestock contrasts with Pakistan's top-five ranking, indeed, four to five Pakistani cows produce milk equivalent to one dairy cow of countries with a well-developed dairy industry. Low milk yield per cow negatively impacts the national production and compromises the development of an efficient processing sector, such that consumers are very often forced to use adulterated milk sold by local ‘milkmen.’ As a consequence, while committed to alleviating global hunger, Pakistan imports in excess of half a million tons of milk and milk-based products annually. Many studies have identified unproductive, inefficient and imprecise management issues combined with poor genetics and imbalanced nutrition as the leading barriers to improvement in the Pakistani dairy livestock sector. At an individual level, lack of awareness, affordability issues, illiteracy and low ambition of a large percentile of dairy farmers creates additional significant barriers. To address low productivity and poor genetics, Pakistani corporate farms and wealthier individual farmers import genetically improved breeds to attain high milk yields. However, they are then faced with the challenge of managing such breeds to attain sustainable and persistent milk yields under Pakistani climatic conditions, often risking excessive culling even to the point of business liquidation. In developed dairy industries, automated sensor-based livestock management systems are now available to help monitor, compute, and optimize procedures in real-time and are proven to increase productivity and profitability. The term precision livestock farming (PLF) is used to describe systems that monitor individual animals or groups of animals to overcome management deficiencies and optimize productivity. My stance in this Opinion Paper is that adopting and utilizing such precision technologies may support Pakistan in raising its livestock resources toward greater productivity, thereby helping to overcome the global food shortage.
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Parmadi, Parmadi, Emilia Emilia, and Zulgani Zulgani. "Daya saing produk unggulan sektor pertanian Indonesia dalam hubungannya dengan pertumbuhan Ekonomi." Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomika 13, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/paradigma.v13i2.6677.
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This study aims to identify and analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian products in the agricultural sector, especially rice, oil palm, vegetables, fruits and livestock products, also the relation between economic growth and some commonly used competitiveness indicators. The approach used is RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), RSCA (Revealed Symetrics Comparative Advantage), Self Sufficiency Ratio (SSR), Import Dependency Ratio (IDR). The results of the study are as follows: The export performance of Indonesian agricultural products in general relatively weak. Almost all agricultural commodities have low competitiveness, except for plantation sub-sector products, especially rubber and palm oil which have high competitiveness, the remaining products such as horticulture, food crops, livestock products, and competitiveness of horticulture relatively low in the international commodity market. In this study, also found in general, the relation between the rate of economic growth and some magnitudes of international trade performance does not show a significant relationship for food crops, horticulture, plantations, and livestock products. Indonesia is approaching the stage of self-sufficiency, especially for food crops, but for other agricultural sector commodities, it is still very dependent on imports to meet domestic consumption needs.
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Sertoglu, Kamil, and Irfan Esendagli. "The Livestock Sector in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus: An Examination of Red Meat Sector." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.13930.
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This study generally analyses the livestock sector in the TRNC and the red meat sector in particular. The historical overview and economic structure of the TRNC show the importance of the agricultural sector for the TRNC. In order to understand the red meat sector in general, first the international red meat sector is examined shortly and then the red meat sector in the TRNC is analysed. The research data rely on a descriptive analysis based on the interpretation of primary and secondary data from the official websites of the Ministry of Agriculture of Northern Cyprus and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). TRNC does not have a liberal economy and import of red meat is strictly forbidden to the country. However, recently, discussions regarding liberalising the import of red meat led to further discussion of the problems experienced in red meat production and the factors affecting costs of production. The decision to import red meat supports the depth of existing problems in this field today. This study aims to reveal the necessity of policies that will bring possible solutions to overcome the structural problems in the red meat sector.
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Astuti, Herlena Bidi, Wawan Eka Putra, Emlan Fauzi, and Yesmawati Yesmawati. "PENDUGAAN MODEL PERAMALAN VOLUME IMPOR PAKAN TERNAK." AGRITEPA: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37676/agritepa.v7i2.1161.
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Feed is an important element in developing livestock business. At present, imports are still needed to meet domestic needs. This study aims to examine the best forecasting model for the volume of animal feed imports. The data used are monthly import volume data from 2015: 1-2019: 9 used for this study and three models namely Moving Average, exponential smoothing and simple linear regression. the selection of the best model is based on the value of MAPE, MAD and MSD or MSE. The results showed that the best forecasting model was the Simple Linear Regression method.
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Neupane, N., H. Neupane, and B. Dhital. "A Socioeconomic View of Status And Prospects of Goat Farming in Rural Areas of Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 35, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As Nepal is agriculture based country, 65% of people are engaged in agriculture Nepal. Moreover, the contribution of livestock to national GDP is significant. In this regard, an attempt has been made to review the prevailing situation of goat farming and various socio economic dynamics related to goat farming in Nepal. Various reports revealed the importance of livestock and furthermore small ruminants have situational advantages in context of rural areas of Nepal where many farmers are poor to afford bigger animals. Moreover, internal and international migration is worsening the availability of male youths which is further explaining the suitability of small ruminants in our context. Goat is the most popular small ruminant which can be handled by women and children in absence of young male members. It not only provides employment to the rural poor, it also acts as a security against the crop failure and has religious importance. Since supply is far behind the demand which is fulfilled through import, sufficient effort is necessary to increase the goat production in order to reduce the import and improve trade deficit of the country.
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Sadu, Zhanna, and G. Dyuzel'baeva. "Financial support of the state for the development of animal husbandry in Kazakhstan." Agrarian Bulletin of the 203, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-203-12-94-100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Annotation. Objective. The research is aimed at studying the current state of the animal husbandry industry, identifying the main problems in the animal husbandry industry and substantiating the priority areas used by the state to support agricultural producers. Methods. In the course of the research, analytical and economic-statistical methods; general scientific methods of system, comparative and structural-logical analysis were used. Results. The article presents the results of assessing the current situation in livestock farming in Kazakhstan, the dynamics of the number of livestock and poultry for 2015–2019, which affects the growth of gross livestock production, as well as the number of farm animals by region as of January – December 2019. The dynamics of the production of livestock products is analyzed as one of the priority areas for ensuring the country's food security, as well as the export, import and consumption of livestock products in the domestic market for 2015–2019. The main problems in the livestock industry are identified. The measures applied by the state to support agricultural producers through direct subsidies from local budgets are disclosed. The dynamics of subsidizing the development of livestock breeding and livestock products are presented, and the problems of the subsidy system are indicated. Identified the need to improve state support of the agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, the importance of state regulation of the agrarian sector of Kazakhstan to ensure the country's food security and sets out some measures of state regulation of development of agroindustrial complex. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it convincingly reveals the main problems of animal husbandry at the present stage, the directions of state financial support for agricultural producers are determined, the need to improve the issues of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is substantiated.
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Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, María E. Sanjuán, Gabriel del Barrio, Emilio Guirado, Alberto Ruiz, and Fernando T. Maestre. "Mediterranean Landscape Re-Greening at the Expense of South American Agricultural Expansion." Land 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The stabling of livestock farming implies changes in both local ecosystems (regeneration of forest stands via reduced grazing) and those located thousands of kilometers away (deforestation to produce grain for feeding livestock). Despite their importance, these externalities are poorly known. Here we evaluated how the intensification and confinement of livestock in Spain has affected forest surface changes there and in South America, the largest provider of soybeans for animal feed to the European Union. For this purpose, we have used Spanish soybean import data from Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and a land condition map of Spain. The area of secondary forest in Spain that has regenerated as a result of livestock stabling has been ~7000 kha for the decade 2000–2010. In the same period, 1220 kha of high value South American ecosystems (e.g., Chaco dry Forest, Amazonian rainforest or Cerrado) have been deforested. While these figures may offer a favorable interpretation of the current industrial livestock production, it is not possible to speak of compensation when comparing the destruction of well-structured ecosystems, such as primary South American forests, with the creation of secondary forest landscapes in Spain, which are also prone to wildfires. Our results highlight how evaluating land use change policies at a national or regional level is an incomplete exercise in our highly telecoupled and globalized world.
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Khan, Muhammad U., Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Sultan, Ihsanullah Sohoo, Prakash C. Ghimire, Azlan Zahid, Abid Sarwar, et al. "Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pakistan is facing a severe energy crisis due to its heavy dependency on the import of costly fossil fuels, which ultimately leads to expansive electricity generation, a low power supply, and interruptive load shedding. In this regard, the utilization of available renewable energy resources within the country for production of electricity can lessen this energy crisis. Livestock waste/manure is considered the most renewable and abundant material for biogas generation. Pakistan is primarily an agricultural country, and livestock is widely kept by the farming community, in order to meet their needs. According to the 2016–2018 data on the livestock population, poultry held the largest share at 45.8%, followed by buffaloes (20.6%), cattle (12.7%), goats (10.8%), sheep (8.4%), asses (1.3%), camels (0.25%), horses (0.1%), and mules (0.05%). Different animals produce different amounts of manure, based upon their size, weight, age, feed, and type. The most manure is produced by cattle (10–20 kg/day), while poultry produce the least (0.08–0.1 kg/day). Large quantities of livestock manure are produced from each province of Pakistan; Punjab province was the highest contributor (51%) of livestock manure in 2018. The potential livestock manure production in Pakistan was 417.3 million tons (Mt) in 2018, from which 26,871.35 million m3 of biogas could be generated—with a production potential of 492.6 petajoules (PJ) of heat energy and 5521.5 MW of electricity. Due to its favorable conditions for biodigester technologies, and through the appropriate development of anaerobic digestion, the currently prevailing energy crises in Pakistan could be eliminated.
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Firmansyah, Shanty Oktavilia, Evi Yulia Purwanti, and Reikha HabibahYusfi. "The Impact of Poultry Imports Liberation on Income Inequality in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187310008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Livestock is one of the sectors that has great contribution to the national economy and absorbs labor force significantly; by about 4.24 million households are looking for livelihoods in this sector. By the possibility of liberation of poultry imports, such as Brazil's success on dispute of Indonesian poultry imports in the WTO, it isestimated that the income level of the worker in the poultry sector will be disrupted. By employing the Input-Output and Social Accounting Matrices analysis, this study simulates and analyses the impact of poultry import liberation on households' income in Indonesia. The results show that the domestic consumptionsare affected by the imports due to tariff reductions and will further affect the national and sectoral domestic output. The low levels income households who work in agriculture and live in rural areas receive a greater impact of income decrease than urban households, while non-agriculture households who live in urban have a positive impact on income levels. The study also finds that the discrepancy of the income level of several class of households are widen after the liberation of poultry imports.
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Abed Alhussen, Mohammad, A. A. Nesterov, V. V. Kirpichenko, S. P. Yatsentyuk, A. V. Sprygin, O. P. Byadovskaya, and A. V. Kononov. "Bovine mycoplasmosis occurrence on livestock farms in the Russian Federation for 2015–2018." Veterinary Science Today, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2020-2-33-102-108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mycoplasmosis control remains urgent in view of wide spread of bovine mycoplasmoses in the countries with intensive animal farming and trade relations between the Russian Federation and foreign partners including import of pedigree livestock and stud bull semen. Results of testing 1,186 biomaterial samples (blood, sera, nasal swabs, milk, preputial swabs, vaginal swabs, aborted and stillborn fetuses) collected from animals that demonstrated clinical signs of respiratory and reproductive disorders in 34 different regions of the Russian Federation for 2015–2018 are presented in the paper. The samples were tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) for genomes of the following mycoplasmosis agents: Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma dispar. As a result, M. bovis genome was detected in 10.1% of the samples, M. bovigenitalium genome was detected in 8.6% of the samples and М. dispar genome was detected in 37.15% of the samples. Also, 927 semen samples submitted from Russian and foreign breeding farms were tested with PCR. Test results showed presence of M. bovis and M. bovigenitalium genomes in semen samples collected from native bull population. Presented data support Russian scientists’ conclusions on wide mycoplasmoses occurrence in cattle in the Russian Federation territory and risk of the disease agent introduction through semen import. All of these highlight the need for control of semen products as a source for mycoplasmosis spread as well as insufficiency of single testing of semen for granting the disease-free status to the breeding farm for genetic material marketing.
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Brindha, K. "National water saving through import of agriculture and livestock products: A case study from India." Sustainable Production and Consumption 18 (April 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2018.12.005.
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Khalex, Abang-Harizt, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Shahrul Razid Sarbini, Mohammad Nasir Hassan, William Rovina Nating, Robine Asut, Lirong Yu Abit, and Juriah Kamaludeen. "Buffalo in Borneo, Sarawak: A Review of the Current Status of the Indigenous Buffalo Industry." Journal of Buffalo Science 10 (June 17, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2021.10.05.
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The Malaysian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, has traditionally been an important livestock for the local people of Sarawak. Buffalo, other ruminants, and non-ruminants are essential for the livestock industry as they supply the largest source of protein for the entire nation. Cattle provide the largest production in the livestock industry at 0.2%, followed by other ruminants, including goats (0.1%), sheep (0.04%), and buffalo (0.03%). Water buffalo, or 'kerbau sawah' as it is locally known, is an overlooked animal compared to other livestock. Amidst the growing demand for beef within the domestic consumer market, the buffalo population in Sarawak has risen over the past five years from 5,396 to 6,205 heads in 2019. However, the self-sufficiency level (SSL) of cattle and buffalo beef has dropped from 26% in 2013 to 21.6% in 2019 despite the rising demand for local produce. Malaysia continues to import frozen buffalo beef from India and live bovine from other countries to meet domestic demands and support the growth of the local buffalo industry. Due to this, the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) Sarawak introduced a buffalo yard program ('Natad Kerbau') to assist the state smallholder farmers in managing their buffaloes better. This paper focuses on describing the current status of buffalo production in Sarawak, its important functions (including provision for food security), and future prospects of B. bubalis in the livestock industry of Malaysia and Sarawak in particular.
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MAMEDOVA, ROZA A. "DAIRY FARMING IN RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DIGITALIZATION." AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, no. 6 (2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2020-6-10-16.
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The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation has developed the national “Digital Agriculture” platform for digital state management of agriculture within the framework of the government-sponsored “Digital Agriculture” project. To digitalize livestock enterprises, it is necessary to provide conditions at the federal and regional levels, and develop regulatory and technical support for enterprises. A corresponding structural and functional model has been developed to take into account various levels of decision-making, regulatory documents, system products, as well as relevant hardware and software. The project fl owchart and the structure of automated workstations for the chief specialists of the digital dairy farm have been developed. Livestock digitalization through the introduction of the developed technologies in FSAC VIM is expected to reduce the level of import dependence of the industry by 35…40%, improve the quality and quantity of products by 25…30%, maintain the health and productivity of animals by 15…20%, increase productivity in key subsectors of livestock breeding in 1.5…2 times, and reduce production costs by 35…40%.
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SHREE, SHILPA, and SRIDHAR S. "CHANGING GROWTH TREND AND COMPETITIVENESS IN THE TRADE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS IN INDIA." Journal of Global Economy 12, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i4.393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global trade in livestock products is expanding rapidly and significantly due to increase in consumer demands linked to growing educational and awareness of consumer, internationalisation of tastes and habits, developments in science and technology and improvements in communication and transportation. In this study, growth trend in the trade of livestock products in India during the last two decades was measured by fitting an exponential time trend of the form and measurement of Export Competitiveness of Indian Livestock Sector by using Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC). From the results, the export of certain livestock products has grown in double digits, which indicates that focus on these products can help in earning more foreign exchange and strengthen the position of India in global livestock trade market. The import of dairy products, eggs, swine meat, poultry meat, natural honey, sheep and goat meat, hides/skin and processed meat has increased its rate from sub-period I to II due to rise in income and changes in dietary preferences have stimulated consumption of livestock products. The NPC value for dairy products was hovered around 1.5 to 2.5. The NPC of swine meat was 0.30 in 1993, which rose to 0.88 in 2011. The NPCs for poultry meat indicate that India has protected poultry sub-sector heavily or the international prices have been depressed due to price distortion in the world market. The NPC values for bovine meat indicate a high export potential, but these have witnessed an increasing trend, indicating erosion of its competitiveness. However, it still hovers around 0.50 and India has much leverage to expand its bovine meat export.
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Petre, Ionut Laurentiu. "Study on the Evolution of the Meat Price Following the Russian Embargo." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 7, no. 2 (April 2018): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2018040102.
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This article assesses how and the extent to which EU meat prices are influenced by Russia's embargo. The first part assesses the meat market in the European Union, so it will analyse data on livestock, production and average prices. In the second part, the analysis is reflected on the Russian Federation in order to determine the relationship between consumption and production, then between demand and supply. Using trade data between the two regions, the level of Russian meat import reduction is set. At the end of the article, the link between the average price of meat and the value of Russian imports taken from the European Union is analysed.
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Aleksic, S., V. Pantelic, and C. Radovic. "Livestock production: Present situation and future development directions in Republic of Serbia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906267a.
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Livestock production is important branch of agriculture in Republic of Serbia. Over 700.000 households are engaged in this production, which is over 55% of total number of households. Livestock production provides necessary products (milk, meat, eggs) for nutrition of domestic population. Also, livestock production provides raw materials for food industry (dairy plants, slaughterhouses, meat industry, conditory industry and leather industry). Livestock production is expected to provide high quality products for export, primarily beef and lamb meat. Chance/opportunity for export exists also for cheeses of high quality (especially sheep and goat cheeses) of defined origin and quality. Based on available data, current situation in livestock production is assessed as inviolable. Number of heads of all species of domestic animals and poultry has been constantly decreasing over the period of last 12 years. The greatest decrease of number of heads of livestock was recorded in years 2000, 2001 and 2002, in all species of domestic animals. During this period, number of cattle decreased by 18,6%, of pigs by 11,8%, sheep by 12,3%, number of goats by 54,1%, horses by 66,0% and poultry by 28,0%. So, by the end of 2007, number of cattle was 1.087.000, pigs 3.832.000, sheep 1.606.000, goats 149.000, horses 18.000 and poultry 16.422.000. Republic of Serbia will in its near future become member of European Union (EU) and World Trade Organization (WTO), which means that livestock production should prepare for competition on unique developed market, without any state trade barriers. Serbia has been preparing for this since 2006 when it signed bilateral agreement on free trade with neighbouring countries - Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and in this way became part of the market and accepted the competition rules on the free market. Accession to EU and WTO includes liberalization of trade in livestock products, low possibility for import protection, implementation of quality standards (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), reduction of the level of domestic support, discontinuing of export subsidies, increase of profitability and ability to be competitive on the international market.
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Sampedro, Carolina, Francesco Pizzitutti, Diego Quiroga, Stephen J. Walsh, and Carlos F. Mena. "Food supply system dynamics in the Galapagos Islands: agriculture, livestock and imports." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 3 (October 26, 2018): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000534.
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AbstractLike many other oceanic islands around the globe, environmental conditions, social circumstances and forces of globalization combine to challenge the sustainability of the Galapagos Archipelago of Ecuador. This paper describes a food-supply system in Galapagos that is mainly controlled by population growth, weak local agriculture, imports from mainland Ecuador and the influence of a growing tourism industry. We use system dynamics (SD) as a modeling technique in this paper to identify the main driving forces operating on the Galapagos food system to create a series of future scenarios and to examine the subsequent implications across the supply system structures. We model the supply side of the food system using secondary data collected from governmental and non-governmental sources. We find that the consumption profile of the local inhabitants of the Galapagos is on average higher than consumption in the Ecuadorian mainland. This fact, plus rapid growth of the local population fueled by the tourism industry, has created a decrease in per capita local food production and an increase on food import dependence that now, challenges the sustainability of the archipelago. Imports are the largest source of food in the archipelago. Approximately 75% of the agricultural food supply was transported from the mainland in 2017. Our model projects that this fraction will increase to 95% by 2037 with no changes in food policy. Moreover, any plan to increase tourism arrivals must be accompanied by a plan to address the subsistence needs of the new population that the tourism industry attracts. Policies to promote local agricultural growth should be central to the development strategy implemented in the Galapagos.
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Ahmed, Vaqar, and Cathal O’Donoghue. "External Shocks in a Small Open Economy: A CGE - Microsimulation Analysis." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 45–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2010.v15.i1.a3.
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This paper studies the impact of changes in the external balance of Pakistan. We explain why the economic growth achieved during the past decade was highly dependent on improvements in the external balance. Between 2001 and 2007, Pakistan benefited from an increase in remittances, foreign assistance from bilateral and multilateral sources, and a relatively stable exchange rate. After 2007, this performance came under pressure from external price shocks. The rise in the import prices of petroleum, raw materials and other manufactured goods has the potential to reduce the country’s growth performance, impacting the competitiveness of the economy and threatening the gains achieved during past years. We integrate a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with a microsimulation model to study the effects of changes in foreign savings and import prices faced by Pakistan. An increase in foreign savings leads to an increase in imports and a decrease in exports. The main sectors facing a decline in exports are textiles, leather, cement, and livestock. In this simulation food and oil prices decline and the factors of production that gain are agricultural wage labor and nonagricultural unskilled wage labor. The increase in import prices of petroleum or industrial raw material leads to a reduction in exports. In this simulation the crop sector is negatively impacted and returns to land and profits to farm owners increase, showing a change in favor of agricultural asset owners, while poverty and inequality increase.
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Wakabayashi, José Luis, and Armando Borda. "Cuidados veterinarios: ¿Atender aves, vacunos o mascotas?" Cuadernos de difusión 11, no. 20 (June 30, 2006): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2006.v11n20.09.
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Company dedicated to the import and marketing of veterinary products, owes most of its growth to the exclusive representation of the Tasmil brand, a world leader in animal health products. While the products might be geared at the poultry, cattle, pig, and pet sectors, currently 80% of the company’s sales are concentrated in the poultry market, which is the most organized livestock market in Peru, with the highest growth potential. The company wishes to continue growing, but it has already reached the limit in its traditional product line. Moreover, it faces liquidity restrictions due to the decreased turnover of some product lines aimed at the livestock sector. Finally, there is always the risk of loosing the Tasmil representation, or even worse, that Tasmil is attracted by the poultry market and decides to operate directly in the country.
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Tikhomirov, A. I. "PROBLEMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF LIVESTOCK IN RUSSIA: THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION." Bulletin of Agrarian Science 6, no. 93 (2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2587-666x.2021.6.139.
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MUDRAK, Ruslan, and Volodymyr LAGODIENKO. "AGROINFLATION AND CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR FOODSTUFFS: UKRAINE-EU COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.01.028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the fundamental conditions for food security is a sufficient level of economic access to food; so, finding the reasons for rising consumer food prices is an urgent research problem. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to determine the extent and causes of the impact of agricultural price index on consumer price index for foodstuffs on the basis of comparison of the phenomena studied in Ukraine and the EU. The following conclusions are drawn: (i) some Ukrainian households are in a state of food hazards due to excessive expenses for buying food; one of the main reasons for this is the constant rise in food prices; (ii) over the past 20 years in Ukraine, prices for foodstuffs rose 11.8 times, agricultural products – 23.5 times; in the EU they increased by 45% and 32%, respectively; (iii) the main source of inflationary impulses in Ukraine’s food market is agroinflation in the livestock sector of agriculture; (iv) sectoral structure of agricultural production is noticeably distorted in Ukraine: the share of livestock industries accounts for only 31.5%, which is by 12.3 pp less than that in the EU. This is the main reason for the shortage of food products of livestock production; (v) per capita production of all types of meat is by 40% higher in the EU than in Ukraine; that of milk – by 21.5% higher; (vi) in the EU (unlike Ukraine), production and consumption of foodstuffs, in particular of animal origin, are of a relatively high level of stability; (vii) export-import operations in Ukraine with food of animal origin are aimed at providing the narrow corporate interests irrespective of national ones; (viii) in Ukraine, unlike the EU, more than 99% of livestock business entities are small organizational forms that hold less than 5 heads of livestock. Such farms have relatively higher production costs; (ix) the reason for agroinflation and growth of consumer price index for foodstuffs in Ukraine is the lack of compensators of production costs in the form of budget subsidies.
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Meehom, Sureeporn, Wipanan Iaprasert, and Thanatchai Kulworawanichpong. "Biogas Energy Potential from Livestock Manures for Electricity Generation in Nakhonratchasima, Thailand." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electricity is a pre-requisite for technological progress and economy growth. Thailand has been facing an electric energy crisis in inadequate electricity generation capacity compared with the demand. It is essential to replace the conventional energy (e.g. fossil fuels) and electricity import with renewable energy resources, particularly biogas that can be play a major role to meet the electricity demand. This paper explores the current state of biogas energy potential from livestock manures in Nakhonratchasima, Thailand. The results show a potential of electricity produced from animal manures of cattle, buffalo, swine and poultry. The total annual recoverable rates of livestock manures and biogas yield in Nakhonratchasima Province are 431.334 Mtonne of dry matter and 119,631 Mm3, respectively. In energy terms, the annual amount of the recoverable biogas resources is equivalent to 2,691.691 PJ or 748 TWh. This total amount of available biogas energy potential can meet anticipated electricity demand. Therefore, the assessment of biogas energy resources will make a significant utilization of energy management in the future.