Дисертації з теми "Impérialisme – Aspect politique – 20e siècle"
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Albin, Jean-François. "Crise et impérialisme : histoire et actualité des approches marxistes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA100020.
Starting from Marx's analyzes relatives to the contradictions of the process of extraction, realization and accumulation of value, of the tendencies inherent in the crisis as the cyclical materialization of the unequal development of the capitalist mode of production, in the triple form of under-consumption, disproportion and the downward trend in the rate of profit, we will seek to critically trace the emergence and affirmation of the first Marxist theories of imperialism during the period of the Second International. This presentation will lead us to examine the whole historical and theoretical mediations which link the conceptualization of imperialism to the notions of capitalist accumulation, crisis, relations between states, monopoly, financial capital and war. We will seek to consider to what extent these theories go beyond the particular historical conjuncture to which they are attached and would be able to support a materialist theory of international relations
Achcar, Gilbert. "L'empire et l'argent : essai sur les fondements de la stratégie impériale des Etats-Unis d'Amérique." Paris 8, 1993. http://octaviana.fr/accs-restreint.
This thesis examines the foundations of the foreign policy of the united states within the context of the current debate on the decline of the american empire. In the first section, a general framework is defined: that of the historic margin for manoeuvre at the disposal of the united states which rules out any deterministic "economist" (money) prognosis regarding the future of the empire. The current configuration of the world political system - since 1990 perceived as a "unipolar moment" for the united states (ch. 1) - leads to an examination, from a methodological point of view, of "declinist" theories as well as theories of long cycles in history, politics and in economics (ch. 2). Concepts linked to the very idea of imperial strategy are defined (ch. 3): empire, imperial, imperialism; power, domination, hegemony; and issues of hegemonic strategy. The second section section examines the driving forces of american foreign policy. A theoretical introduction deals with the analysis of the state and the question of its autonomy with respect to the dominant class (ch. 4). It leads to an analysis of the real historic process of the formation of the american imperial state (ch. 5), which brings to light the key role of the second world war. From this flows an
Tristani, Philippe. "L’Iraq Petroleum Company de 1948 à 1975 : Stratégie et déclin d’un consortium pétrolier occidental pour le contrôle des ressources pétrolières en Irak et au Moyen-Orient." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040236.
The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) is a British company that, in July 1928, succeeded the Turkish Petroleum Company, which held a concession in Iraq. Since its creation, the IPC had been both an emanation of the major Western oil groups and the concrete expression of the oil policy pursued in the Middle East by the major Western powers, the United States, Great Britain and France. It was a petroleum production consortium whose activities were mainly in Iraq. From his creation in 1929 to his nationalization in 1975, IPC associated all of the Western Majors. In 1932 and in 1938, the Mosul Petroleum Company (MPC) and the Basrah Petroleum Company (BPC) rounded out this system in the southern part of Iraq. So, on the eve of World War II, the area of the concessions covered all Iraq.Until the 1970s, the concession system governed relationships between operating companies and producing countries. In those agreements, the producing countries did not control the amounts produced, the level of exports, or prices. But, as of the 1950s, the complex oil system implemented by the Majors was threatened by the de-colonization movement. The Soviet threat and the Israeli-Arab conflicts strengthened this increasing instability. So the battle for freeing the Arab nation incorporated the fight against IPC to return Arab oil to the Arabs. The revolution of 14 July 1958, which overthrew Nouri Saïd’s pro-Western government and brought General Abd el-Karim Kassem to power, intensified a constant political desire for re-appropriation of the Iraqi oil economy in the name of Iraq’s development and national sovereignty
Menelet, Brian. "L'influence des groupes de pression dans la politique coloniale française (1860-1920)." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOD005.
The most recent studies about pressure groups action in the public decision process show that their current practice knows a great evolution. The comeback of pressure groups in political science literature as subject of academic studies must not make us forgetting that this fact is ancient. Some studies put in evidence the fact that this behavior may be already observed in the middle of the 19th Century. However, few of them explain the importance of the historical emergence of these groups. The study of the influence of pressure groups onto the French colonial policy confirms the oldness of the phenomena of specific interest representation enterprises. This study, about a public policy in a great area and a very long term, leads us to say that the relations between Civil Society and French State about French colonial policy may be dated on the middle of the 19th Century, this moment or a real change in the modalities of collective action. It is also the occasion to confront historical evidence with current political science theories and to put in evidence their lacks and limits
Quanquin, Hélène. "Le débat sur l'avortement aux Etats-Unis et au Canada depuis la fin des années 1960 : évocation d'un conflit politique." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030045.
Schulz, Kristina. "Le souffle de la provocation. Emergence et évolution des mouvements des femmes en France et en République Fédérale d'Allemagne (1968-1976)." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070066.
How did women's movements mobilize for women's rights and how did they influence agenda setting in European countries ? The rise of the women's movements in the late sixties and the seventies was one of the main features common to western democracies. The protest of women not only concerned the decriminalization of abortion, nor was it limited to political participation demands. By linking relations between men and women on the one hand and power relations on the other hand, the women's movements asked for gender equality in "all" areas of society. This spread of grievances was due to a broad definition of politics, accentuating the political character of the privat. In this, the women's movements followed the anti-authoritarian revolt of 1968 declaring "the privat" as "political". The study which falls within the scope of historical as well as social scientist research is to focus the women's movements in France and in West-Germany. The movements of these countries are chosen because of, at first, their connection to the left movements of the late sixties. .
Boyd, Marie-Pierre. "Crises politiques, images des femmes et représentations du pouvoir." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0116.
Because the women, as critical group, act preferently on the public scene during the troubles and disorder’s periods, it can be interesting to ask if the political crisis that France has known during the XXth century (1936, 1940-1945, 1968) have been decisive for their access to citizenship and the political capacity. Is the political crisis favourable to the women? Have these crisis transformed the social sex relationships? Have they broken the historical linearity? Women’s images, imaginary production, can help to determinate it. We can consider indeed that images contain “the substance of politics”: they explain and justify a power’s representation that traditionally excludes women from the public, institutional and real power. In other words, images show not only how the women are thought in the political and social organization but too how this organization is thought itself, that is to say, which are its main values and principles. If we examine more particularly women’s images during the crisis time – considered as a crisis of the traditional’s power representation – we can show a coincidence between women’s political power exclusion and a process for restablishing order. We have to question this coincidence. A reflexion about the recent French law for political parity complete this sociological research
Guevara, Gonzalez César. "La mise en forme et la transformation d'un champ de l'action publique : sociohistoire de la culture populaire au Mexique." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21023.
This thesis explains the transformations that the "popular culture" experienced as a field of public intervention in Mexico. Unlike perspectives focusing on the " cultural variety " as a set of practices that must be stimulated, the text analyzes how the political and intellectual actors constantly tried to redefine the popular culture according to concrete political situations. The studied period goes from 1920 (in the beginning of the post revolutionary State) until the year 2000. Three important reference systems appear during this period, which will influence the perception of the popular culture: the nationalist reference system, that of critical anthropology and the cultural management's one. To understand the increase in importance of this last reference system, linked with the cultural studies, it is necessary to connect it with the economical and political reforms in the country in the end of the 1980's. So, the main objective of the thesis is to analyze the close relation between policies and culture, in a socio-historical perspective that allows to understand the sociogenesis of the public intervention's categories
Gouesbier, Yvan. "La maison de sable : histoire et politique en Italie de 1943 à nos jours." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100135.
This work attempts to examine a specific historiographic tradition -that of an Italy which has had to assess the role of fascism since 1943. Our aim is to use specific documents to revisit the problems involved in writing about historical events when it is a question of reconstructing the recent past. We will seek to understand how the scientific approach (which claims to capture a rather precise and "true" account of events in the broader sense of the term) must free itself from contemporary stakes or from the collective memory, which are both a catalyst and an impediment. This leads to putting in sharp relief the existence in Italy of an intellectual model whose strength and age remind one of a frail national figure with a missionary calling (Italy as a beacon for Mankind). In the first part of this paper, we will define the general conditions of contemporary historical writing in Italy, in other words, the role of historians as intellectuals. Thus, we will examine Benedetto Croce's influence, certain aspects of the cultural policy of the Italian Communist Party, and the ranks of the more or less militant liberal-democrat intelligentsia, unique to Italy. The second part is an analysis of a few historiographic debates, giving priority to those involving fascism, antifascism, and indirectly communism that emerged during the mid-seventies around the work of Renzo De Felice, when the historian cut into the sound convictions of the established and new Radical Lefts, and at last in the 1990's implicated the concept of a nation state. This seems to have heralded the disintegration of an ideological configuration, at its height in the period immediately after the war, which kept together antifascism, communism and idea of nation and supplied the Italian Republic with a wobbly base
Maclennan-Slaby, Alexandra. "L'état et la culture en Irlande : 1922-2002." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1390.
Rimbot, Emmanuelle. "L'articulation entre discours sur l'identité et idéologie politique dans la nouvelle chanson chilienne de l'Unité populaire à la transition démocratique." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030138.
Nueva Canción Chilena (Chilean New Song) and subsequent Canto Nuevo (songs critical of the Pinochet regime produced within Chile during the military dictatorship) constitute two successive processes of artistic and militant commitment in the fields of popular culture and political action. This dissertation examines a broad corpus of songs written and performed over a period of 25 years: from the “Revolution in Liberty” undertaken by Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei (1964-1970) to the democratic transition ushered by the Concertation of Parties for Democracy through the 1989 referendum. The time period covered by this study thus includes the one thousand days of Salvador Allende’s popular government (1970-1973), during which the “Chilean Way to Socialism” was initiated, as well as the seventeen-year-long military regime headed by General Augusto Pinochet (1973-1989). Through an analysis of the songs written and performed during this period of upheavals, this study attempts to elucidate the meaning of texts as it is produced by the interaction of the artist’s creative project with the forms of reception of that project. This analysis is based on interviews with the artists and on press archives from the period. I propose a reflection that focuses, on one hand, on the specificities of Nueva Canción Chilena and Canto Nuevo and, on the other hand, on the social function of popular song, construed both as a discourse on national identity and as the process of formation of a collective political front of action through culture. The palimpsest of a still vital memory, these songs contributed to the crystallization of an opposition to the military regime. Chilean popular song partook in the conscious and intuitive construction of memory, against a political apparatus that strove to neutralize it
Liotard-Schneider, Frédérique. "Les experts de l'intime et les femmes, médecins et démographes en France de 1945 à 1975." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.bium.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/asclepiades/pdf/liotard_prov.pdf.
Contributing to the History of Gender and Women, published advices of experts, physicians and demographers, are studied. Women are depicted under heavily conventional, ideologically oriented conceptions. Such writings constitute a major part, still poorly investigate, of written sources concerning three public debates in France, (1) childbirth without pain after 1952, (2) contraceptive pill and birth-control after 1956, (3) legal abortion and hormonal treatment of menopause after 1970. Experts are regularly invoked for evaluating new applications of medical science that concern the health of women and their sexual freedom. They are especially requested starting from the 1960s, at a time when advances in medical research, as well as public informations about contraception or abortion, are still forbidden by the Law of 1920. Most experts are reluctant about changing the law, entrenched in pro-birth and pro-family ideology. They obey the dogmas of the Catholic Church (prohibition of pill reassessed by the Humanæ vitæ Encyclical Letter, 1968). Debates oppose Right to Left, following the traditional French dichotomy. A notable resides in the Communist Party (PCF) remaining opposed to the pill until 1964 : together with the far Right and the conservative Catholics, they attack the US-originated pill. For complex reasons, the PCF makes a U-turn in 1965. Struggles are lead from 1965 by the French movement for Family Planning and by feminist activists from 19687-1970, with the background of Mai 68 events. The pro-pill law "loi Neuwirth" is passed in 1967. The pro-abortion "loi Veil" is adopted in 1975, a second major defeat of the experts in the name of Science
Saroh, Karine. "Le théâtre musical au XXe siècle, une expérience politique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20077.
At the core of the modernist impetus that animates the 20th century, the phrase “musical theatre” becomes the emblem of the aesthetic search of new ways of mixing theatre and music on the stage. Whether the aim is to modernize the opera, reform the dramatic art, or create a new genre halfway between both arts, composers, dramatists and producers collaborate to produce modern works and dispense with the old prevailing aesthetic model. Approaching musical theatre is quite a challenge, as it is so polymorphic; and the social context and the artists’ closeness to the activists’ world invite us, when examining their works, to consider their militant and political standpoints. At a time when European societies are weakened by World Wars and totalitarian regimes that give rise to an important social instability, the multidisciplinary aesthetic space of the musical theatre turns out to favour philosophical thought and the experimentation of methods for the protection and the emancipation of politics. The artistic utopia, which encourages us to reconsider the formal pattern of musical theatre where the arts are used on equal terms and the voices are independent, also promotes a political utopia. Then, after exploring the aesthetic ambitions of musical theatre and how they are technically expressed in the works, we are sure to study their intricate two-way relationship with contemporary political thought. Because its artistic space (process and productions) uses political utopia to take up the aesthetic challenge of multidisciplinarity, musical theatre turns out to be the ideal place for a philosophical appraisal of the militant practice, of the degree of political exercise as well as of the democratic ideal it has passed on to us
Tristani, Philippe. "L’Iraq Petroleum Company de 1948 à 1975 : Stratégie et déclin d’un consortium pétrolier occidental pour le contrôle des ressources pétrolières en Irak et au Moyen-Orient." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040236/document.
The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) is a British company that, in July 1928, succeeded the Turkish Petroleum Company, which held a concession in Iraq. Since its creation, the IPC had been both an emanation of the major Western oil groups and the concrete expression of the oil policy pursued in the Middle East by the major Western powers, the United States, Great Britain and France. It was a petroleum production consortium whose activities were mainly in Iraq. From his creation in 1929 to his nationalization in 1975, IPC associated all of the Western Majors. In 1932 and in 1938, the Mosul Petroleum Company (MPC) and the Basrah Petroleum Company (BPC) rounded out this system in the southern part of Iraq. So, on the eve of World War II, the area of the concessions covered all Iraq.Until the 1970s, the concession system governed relationships between operating companies and producing countries. In those agreements, the producing countries did not control the amounts produced, the level of exports, or prices. But, as of the 1950s, the complex oil system implemented by the Majors was threatened by the de-colonization movement. The Soviet threat and the Israeli-Arab conflicts strengthened this increasing instability. So the battle for freeing the Arab nation incorporated the fight against IPC to return Arab oil to the Arabs. The revolution of 14 July 1958, which overthrew Nouri Saïd’s pro-Western government and brought General Abd el-Karim Kassem to power, intensified a constant political desire for re-appropriation of the Iraqi oil economy in the name of Iraq’s development and national sovereignty
Pauthier, Céline. "L'indépendance ambiguë : construction nationale, anticolonialisme et pluralisme culturel en Guinée (1945-2010)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070125.
Guinea's access to independence, in 1958, was a founding act, around which the nationalist narrative was forged. But the political and social mobilizations of the 1940s and 1950s are more complex than the nationalist mythology suggests. In a context of imperial reforms, political parties offered different ranges of anticolonialism. They also confronted about political legitimacy, that had to be refounded. At different scales, local politics, west-african formations, metropolitan strategy interacted in the cold war context and led to the daim to sovereignty. At the turn of independence (1956-1962), the Parti Démocratique de Guinée leadership came to imagine the nation as a community united by the one-party state led by its leader. All dissent, be it real or potential, was suppressed. As the regime radicalized, from 1961 to 1976, nationalism was reduced to anti-imperialism. Nevertheless, the process of nation-building was an ambivalent one. Through permanent mobilization and cultural nationalism, Guineans took part in performing the nation, between consent and constraint. This shared history, in spite of its turmoils, contributed to make the guinean nation an affective community. This is conspicuous in the memorial controversies that emerged from 1984 on. Often centered round the figure of the « hero of independence », they rekindle some parts of the nationalist narrative which are either meeting consensus or triggering dispute
Jeusette, Julien. "Le mouvement-liberté. Généalogie philosophique et littéraire d'un imaginaire politique (1897-2017)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC262.
This dissertation is at the crossroads of three fields of research (literature, philosophy, history of ideas); it aims to understand the way in which, at a given moment of our History, uprooting, nomadism and wandering have been positively evaluated, while immobility and settled modes of life have been denigrated. These particular evaluations form a political imaginary, insofar as they underlie a specific conception of power (conceived as capacity to block, to freeze) and a specific (spatial) conception of freedom. This political imaginary, which we called "movement-as-freedom" (any axiological discourse valuing absolute movement and devaluing immobility, rootedness), emerges in André Gide's Nourritures Terrestres and in Nietsche’s Zarathustra at the end of the nineteenth century. We then show that this discourse is amplified during the years 1920-1930, especially in the texts that we called "novels of flight"; the third part of the thesis deals with the years 1960-1970 and highlights the discursive redundancy of "movement-as-freedom" within the French theory. While these first three parts retrace the constitution and the evolution of this minoritarian political imaginary, the fourth and last part seeks to think the recuperation of this discourse by the neoliberal logic. Indeed, this once politically critical discourse is now recuperated by neoliberalism, which praises mobility and despises stability. We focus on this ironic reversal in our last chapter. The genealogy we propose allows us to grasp important changes in the history of subjectivity and politics
Jacq, François. "Pratiques scientifiques, formes d'organisation et representations politiques de la science dans la france de l'apres-guerre la "politique de la science" comme enonce collectif (1944-1962)." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0697.
The thesis examines post world war-ii scientific and technological development and provides a demonstration on the bais of a series of monographs - as to how a reconstruction of the science scene was forthcoming, to keep abreast of a new world-wide scientific context. Four case-studies are reviewed: the physics-chemistry laboratory of the compagnie de telegraphic sans fil (csf), the research center for macromolecules based at strasbourg, the setting up of the commissariat a l'energie atomique, and, finally, the scientific services of the armed forces. Each study throws light on a different modus operandi of the scientists involved, combining various forms of scientific practice, organisation and public science policy concepts: industrial leaders with advanced technology projects, scientific entrepreneurs, major programmes, the armed forces' scientific services. As of the late forties. Such options per se compete yet constitute the various facets of a need expressed via the science policy the thesis shows how this idea was developed, step by step, and enhanced with respect to the four logics, each proposing a solution to the problem of organisation and implementation of the said science policy. The descriptive sections move on to a dual reading: a typology of the french context enabling a more detailed understanding of the decisions taken and a novel chronology of the scientifc reconstruction process, this throwing light on relevant evolutionary parameters. In order to characterise the science policy role, a collective definition is introduced. The latter, one one hand, suggests how scientists, industrialists, military executives or political leaders were mobilised, leading to the major structural reforms embodied in the fifth french republic andon the other hand underscores the collective impetus in the domain of innovation, whereby france adapted its structures to post-war scientific realities, this running counter to opinions commonly-held among historiographers
Zabala, Juan Pablo. "Production et utilisation des connaissances scientifiques autour de la maladie de Chagas." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010725.
Naviner, Brigitte. "Routes et paysages de la lavande : essai d'économie politique du paysage." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA105.
This research tries to understand the invention of the lavender landscape and its transformation into a symbol of Provence. Thus the study presents the history of the lavender production in Provence, and the history of aesthetic appreciation of Provence by the tourists. At the same time this study discusses on landscape, using theoretic models which can explain different moments of the lavender landscapes invention but not the understanding of the all process. The discussion of theses theoretic models shows their complementarity but also a distance between them and the point of view of local actors. In fact the contemporary history of lavender landscape situated in the process of local development reveals its change in an economic product, a public property holder of a local identity. Its close relation with tourism and its economic nature call a new analysis model which won’t consider the landscape as independent but inside a relation between aesthetic, economic and social practices
Forstenzer, Nicole. "Politiques de genre et féminisme dans le Chili de la post-dictature, 1990-2010." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010506.
Guarraoui, Mohamed el Amine. "La sunna : droit, société et politique dans la doctrine réformiste (19ème - 20ème siècle)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020036.
From the moment we accept that many decades passed between the death of the Prophet Muhammad and the collecting of the many different texts interpreting the Sunna, we must also accept that the gap between the two entities (the words and the acts of the Prophet and their reflection in the Scriptures) is not merely of a formai nature. However, the classical theological institutions have managed not only to minimize the consequences of this division and make this established corpus into the second source of jurisdiction in Islam, but also to build an impenetrable wall between the reader and everything that aliows him to raise legitimate and rational questions concerning the nature of the Sunna and its meaning, including its appearance and its collection. Our work suggests a historical reconsideration of the works of reformist scholars in terms of the Sunna compared with the other sources of Islamic orthodoxy, that is the Koran, the Ijma' and the Ijtihad. Firstly, a reconsideration of the gap that we mentioned, in order to try to evaluate its importance and implications. In this way we have shown that the reformist scholars had, for the first lime in history, overcome the tensions, contradictions, stagnation, clashes and protagonisms with a new critical approach to ail the foundations (usul) of Islamic thought, including the Koran and the Sunna. Acritique open to scientific thought towards new ways of intelligibility and appropriation of the real, in order to surmount all the taboos sanctified without legal ground. Secondly, this work enabled us to perceive the swift and brutal interruption in the work of the reformist scholars, who were a peaceful force of the one real « criticism of the Islamic mind » to leave some space to two forms of destructive « terrorism » -that of the state and that of the marginalized individual. Since then, can we still talk about the renaissance of another combat between the dogmatic theological mind and the supposed faithless and lawless « scientific » mind?
Kroubo, Dagnini Jérémie. "Histoire emblématique des musiques populaires jamaïcaines au XXe siècle : folklore, politique, spiritualité." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30016.
This Ph. D. Dissertation presents the long socio-historico-political (slave trade; colonialism; Christianity’s influence; migration phenomena; creolization of Jamaican society; rural depopulation; urbanization of rural populations; Americanization of Jamaican society; postcolonial politics etc. ) and cultural (Rasta religion; influence of African, Afro-Caribbean, Afro-American and European musical styles; sound systems; evolution of technology etc. ) process which has contributed to the birth and development of Jamaican popular musical genres in the 20th century. Thus, this study traces the history of mento, ska, rocksteady, reggae, dub, dub poetry, toasting and dancehall, the main popular musical genres which appeared in Jamaica in the 20th century, systematically and deeply analyzing the socio-historico-politico-cultural background which has acted on the creative processes. Furthermore, this research work examines the way these musical styles have impacted on worldwide societies, especially those of Europe, the USA and Africa
Polère, Cédric. "Construction locale de l'identité et universalisme en art : une sociologie des arts modernes et contemporains en Grèce." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21009.
In the field of sociology of art, we have studied Greek art since the 1930's, with an important working of prospecting (since the creation of the Greek state), and taking into account the whole spectrum of Greek art and eventually an extent to social worlds which aren't correlated with Athenians elites (field studies in Thessaloniki - Lamia). Before, in a first theoretical part, we have studied the constellation of believes which determines our way of thinking art, associates the +great art; to very specific places in terms of representations (i. E. The international capitals of art), and implies that we can only think modem Greek art as a derivative one. From an in-depth investigation in Greece, we have studied how micro-local societies are defining art (we are interested in notions used in the characterization of works of art), and, by way of return, how they define themselves thanks to art, that is to say through the reception of the several currents in modern and contemporary Greek art. However, and that is our problematics, the building of local identity process is faced with phenomena, practices, representations questioning the necessary link between local art and local society (+xenokratia; of some elites, emigration of many artists, etc. ) This implied to take into account symbolic conflicts linked to the reception of artistic trends, and more generally connected to the definition of Greek identity through art, with an interaction between societal and political levels. We had to consider how a mechanism of the socialization of art had formed (art galleries, art press, etc. ) Incidentally our work, through empiric studies, suggests the irrelevancy of globalization theories as far as art is concerned
Castillo, Fadic Gabriel. "Identité et altérité dans la musique américaine du XXe siècle au sud du Rio Bravo." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010511.
The complex status of American art results from the fact that it represents both a projection of the occident and the scene of all its othernesses. The duality of the social, historical, political and economical plans that it implies shows itself in modalities of unstable compositions because of its submission to a double particularity. On the one hand, they express a tendency to adhere to european writing styles reproduced in local versions which are dissociated from the original contexts and their historic contigency. On the other hand, they prove to be incapable of dealing with the permanent contact with musical systems that stand outside the legitimacy parameters of the learned speech. This double conflict underscores the incomplete character of the aesthetic specification process within the society
Couton, Valérie. "L'art contemporain amérindien au Canada : essai d'analyse d'un mouvement artistique." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/couton_v.
Zinkhofer, Sabina Maria. "Économie et nation : les deux visions de la pensée économique allemande, de F. List à nos jours." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0010.
The economic thought takes form, during the chosen period (from F. List, who elucidates the links between nation and economics, to present days) inside the specific political, economic and philosophical context of a nation not yet formed. The present thesis argues that in spite of roots in common, this thought can be divided into a dualist vision of economics and nation determinated by historical constraints, and a reconcilatory vision which progresses towards the loosening of these constraints and elaborating the desired order - one which seeks to equilibrate idea and reality, the spiritual and the material. Eventually, the different visions of man in history are responsable for the different concepts of economics and nation, the ways proposed to realise the desired society and the constitutional choices for its integration. This proposition will be backed up by the analysis of representative systems of economic thought : - first, the main philosophical aspects, to discern the ethical "stakes" of this thought : Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Nietzsche, the "neo - kantian and critical historical" philosophy, the School of Frankfurt, Habermas; - next, economic thought, from List to the period of national socialisme : Bismarck and conservative thought, list, Schmoller, Sombart, Weber (the historical school of "Nationalokonomie"), Marx and Bernstein, representing the two branches of socialist thought ; - finally, the theories of Eucken (the "ordo - liberalisme") and Glotz, representing contemporary social democratic thought. We shall examine the potential viability of the elaborated order models, especially by analysing the compatibility of the proposed concepts and the relation between the economic and political order. Their ethical foundations will be made clear to establish the link between the vision of man and that of economics and nation. The conclusion will regroup the analysis of the differents systems of economic thought into either a dualist or a reconciling vision
Longeaux, Nicolas de. "La philosophie politique contemporaine face aux questions écologiques." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010588.
Briatte-Peters, Anne-Laure. "Citoyennes sous tutelle : le mouvement féministe « radical » dans l’Allemagne wilhelmienne : présupposés, enjeux, stratégies." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1066.
This doctoral thesis aims to grasp the stakes in the « radical » women’s movement in Wilhelmine Germany. To this end, it works out the theoretical presuppositions and the strategies of action of this social movement. The goal of this research is to make visible the multiple forms of political intervention of women who were involved in their century. In spite of a context little favourable to the expression of a woman’s political opinion, the « radical » feminists longed to take part in progress and to contribute to answering the questions raised by the rise of modern times. How were the genuine feminist struggles of the « radical » women’s movement in Germany linked with its political project regarding the whole German society? This question sets the framework of our investigation. The central press organ of the title Frauenbewegung. Revue für die Interessen der Frauen, published by Minna Cauer during a quarter of a century, constitutes the main item in the corpus of sources. The analysis of the forming « radical » women’s movement places this social movement in its discursive context and draws first items of a strategy derived from social, ethical and anthropological stakes. Representations of state, citizenship and autonomy of the individual are hinted at in its first struggles and take shape at the climax of the « radical » women’s movement, where its main activists were striving to assert their right to be involved in deciding in Germany’s policies. The last part of this investigation analyses and explains the decline of the « radical » women’s movement before and during the First World War and points out the ideal legacy of this movement after its disbanding in 1919
Ramos, Gil Irene Angela. "Alliance et violence : rapports d'autorité sur trois générations au Guerrero et en Oaxaca (Mexique)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0023.
This thesis analyzes the relationship between alliance among families and political violence in Mexico, most specifically the different ways in which family alliance and political violence are connected to each other as well as mutually influenced. This thesis is the product of fieldwork that took place in two separate regions of Southern Mexico: the Costa Chica, in the State of Guerrero, and the Sierra Norte of the State of Oaxaca. Over the course of four years, an ethnographic observation of three generations was conducted inside households of both regions. The primary aim of this research was the study of matrimonial alliances. Here, marriage is not approached as an institution, structure or strategy, but as a way of life, as it is practised and judged by the concerned persons. Rather than a text on “critical sociology”, this work should be considered within the context of the sociology of evaluation and critique. Thus, our work describes and confronts the points of view and the practices of all actors involved at different times, whose comprehension is produced in hindsight and analyzed together with the horizon of expectations that legitimated these marriages at each of these times. This analysis distinguishes the concepts of authority, power and violence, and explores these distinctions and their repercussions through the narratives of people who had to live with violence. The analysis unfolds in three stages around 1) local authority in the first half of the twentieth century, 2) marriage through three generations and 3) the contemporary ethnography of a wedding; leading to the scrutiny of the disruption of old hierarchies and of boundary changes between alliance and violence
Esta tesis trata sobre la alianza de familias y la violencia política en México, en particular, sobre las formas concretas en que ambas se relacionan e influencian recíprocamente. Es el resultado de una investigación de campo en las regiones de Costa Chica de Guerrero y de la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, en el sur de México. La observación etnográfica realizada en el interior de familias se hizo a lo largo de cuatro años y comprende tres generaciones. El objeto de investigación trata, en primer lugar, de las alianzas matrimoniales. Este análisis aborda el matrimonio no como una institución, estructura o estrategia, sino como forma de vida practicada y juzgada por las y los interesados. Una sociología de la evaluación se lleva a cabo para describir y cruzar los puntos de vista y las prácticas de diferentes actores, en temporalidades diversas, combinando el análisis de las compresiones retrospectivas y de las expectativas que las alianzas establecen dentro de su propio contexto. Las relaciones de autoridad, la pérdida de legitimidad en beneficio de relaciones de poder y de violencia adquieren una claridad particular a través de los relatos y los análisis de las personas que han tenido que vivir con “la violencia” en lugar de ejercerla. Tres momentos del análisis: la autoridad local en la época de las y los abuelos, las relaciones entre tres generaciones y la etnografía contemporánea de una boda, escudriñan la redefinición de los lazos entre generaciones y sus jerarquías, dando lugar a relaciones más igualitarias y a la modificación de las fronteras entre la alianza y la violencia
Sat, Guy. "Jean Guéhenno : une vision de l'histoire, 1919-1939." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10091.
Boivin, Geneviève. "La cohabitation du littéraire, de l'artistique et du politique dans la revue québécoise «Situations» (1959-1962)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26412.
Le vaste corpus des revues québécoises a déjà fait l’objet de nombreuses études, mais la revue Situations, publiée de 1959 à 1962 aux Éditions d’Orphée, n’a encore jamais trouvé chercheur. Pourtant, nombre d’auteurs notoires ont pris parole en ses pages (Jacques Ferron, Gaston Miron, Claude Gauvreau, Michèle Lalonde, Yves Préfontaine, Patrick Straram ou encore Pierre Vadeboncœur, qui y publia la première version de l’essai « La ligne du risque »). L’objectif de notre mémoire est de démontrer que la revue Situations s’inscrit dans la filiation du Refus global et cherche ainsi à créer en ses pages un espace dialogique où cohabitent les discours littéraire, artistique et politique. Cette tridiscursivité fait sa particularité et lui permet de s’inscrire dans le réseau des revues en tant que carrefour transitoire entre Liberté et Parti pris.
Hillcoat, Guillermo. "La crise des modeles de developpement en amerique latine. De la substitution d'importations a l'economie tournee vers l'exterieur : une discussion theorique illustree par l'experience argentine." Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080088.
The purpose of our thesis is to discuss a specific set of problems : the problems that arise from applying a pattern of intensive accumulation to an industrially-based developping economy. This specific discussion is set within the framework of more wide-ranging considerations bearing on the models of development and accumulation applied in latin america. We use the model concept here in its modal sense : conjunction of an accumulation system and institutional forms of regulation. These concepts are defined and discussed in the first part of our thesis. Long range transformations of accumulation systems and regulation procedures are studied in the context of argentinian growth (19301980). We look at the major features of the accumulation pattern : the different elements of intensive growth patterns as affected by external constraints (leading sectors, accumulation of capital and employment, fluctuations and cycle. . . ) dovetailing with the world economy, the macro-economic equilibrium within this regime of industrial accumulation. In the third part we present a discussion of the main characteristics of wages regulation and the consumption norm. This exercise in applied economics will have served, we hope, to buttress certain theories while confuting certain over-simple views held on the specificity of reproduction of capital and of work-force in a semi-industrialized economy
Baziou, Jean-Yves. "Autorité dans l'Eglise et autorité de l'Eglise dans une société démocratique : le mandat de l'Action catholique : un exemple de l'évolution des rapports d'autorité jusqu'en 1975." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040110.
O'Brien, Castro Monia. "Les centres-villes défavorisés en Grande-Bretagne de 1960 à 1997 : déclin et rénovation." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100003.
Since the 60s Great Britain has witnessed an increase in social ills and in poverty at all levels, especially in inner cities. The government and notably the conservatives, who ruled for 18 years, and the needy are responsible for this worrying situation, the former being, however, assuredly those who should be blamed. Therefore and nevertheless, numerous renovation programmes were launched between 1960 and 1997. The main subject of this thesis consists, after setting out the inns and outs of the question, the needs and the initiatives, in establishing whether these projects nonetheless were useful, and whether theirs results presented differences, depending on the zones in which they were set up. Moreover, in the event of some success, one will attempt to see if the situation of the people targeted improved. In point of fact, my intention is to demonstrate that in the end Britain did not resolve to carry out its duty
Samaniego, M. Augusto. "Les stratégies syndicales de la "Central Unica de Trabadores de Chile" et l'action socio-politique des salariés (1953-1973)." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081405.
The histoty of the cut (single chilean labor union federation) runs parallel to the exhaustion of a model of dependant capitalist accumu- lation (1953-1973). Methodologically,the analysis includes : a) the interaction between the party system and the unionized world;b) the interaction between cut's strategies and forms of organization. The cut promoted anti-capitalist changes. However,modernization implied new callenges linked to transition from pre-taylorism to taylorism within dominant oligopolic companies. The atomization of small and mid- size companies as well as unions increased. Though,so dis the cut, representing up to a 40% of the country labor force. Therefore,this dissertation discussed the history of the anticapitalist radicalization of chilean unionism during the gobal projects implemented by the political center (christian democratic party, since 1964) and the left (unidad popular, from 1970 until 1973). The collapse of the cut's l'union unity" strategies, within a national crisis context is analized in relation to the clash between the "gradualist" and"rupturist" strategies within the unidad popular coalition. As to unionism, the central object of analysis is the process of workers' participation in the management of social property area of the economy (aps : 1970-1973)
Recondo, David. "État et coutumes électorales dans l'Oaxaca (Mexique) : réflexions sur les enjeux politiques du multiculturalisme." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40007.
Courouble-Share, Stéphanie. "Le négationnisme et son émergence dans l'espace public : analyse comparative : France, Angleterre, Allemagne et Etats-Unis (1946-1981)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070078.
The denial of the Holocaust is an anti-Semitic and anti-Zionist ideology originating in the second half of the 20th century which dismisses the Jewish genocide by the Nazis. Its adherents posit that the survivors, the "Jewish Conspiracy" and the Allies synchronized their version of events in creating the "lie" of the genocide in order to obtain financial restitutions from Germany and further the creation of Israel. After the end of World War II, deniers' declarations appeared principally in Europe and in North America, undergoing radicalization in the Sixties. In 1979, Holocaust deniers formed an international organization, with the next decades being distinguished by the publicity of this phenomenon and related legal proceedings. Holocaust denial evolves in relation with society. During the above span of fifty years, it appears interesting to observe ail of the reactions of politicians, associations, intellectuals, and media of numerous countries involved, France, Germany, England and the United States. Analysis of the matter necessitates reflection on the genocide's history in the collective conscience of these democracies. When faced with deniers' rhetoric; they are simultaneously confronted with the Nazi crime while some are responsible for it. On several occasions, the phenomenon becomes a political issue, with each controversy pitting the sides against each other in an effort to distinguish themselves from their adversaries. Finally, the issue has been intensified by the fact that where the denial of the Holocaust is concerned, so too is the Jewish genocide, Israel and ultimately Judaism itself, entities linked historically, symbolically and religiously
Leclercq, Sophie. "Les surréalistes face à la question coloniale : 1919-1962." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS024S.
In th 1920s and 1930s, as the colonial idea finally becomes consensual, the young surrealists are among the rare poets and writers to criticize imperialism, along with the French Communist Party who is elaborating its anticolonial programme. Fascinated by primitive arts, to which they try to identify, some of them elaborate a poetic of the "Savage" that echoes their criticism of colonialism and disrupts stereotypes. This cultural dimension given to their anticolonialism is quite unusual compared to the anticolonial positions of the time. In the 1940s, some of them discovered the Indian, Negro and revolutionary America, and get to meet the authors of the negritude and the indigenism movements who where denouncing the cultural alienation the surrealists condemned in the 1920s. With the independence movement and especially with the Algerian war, anticolonialism becam a shared position among left-wing intellectuals represented by Jean-Paul Sartre. But he "immediate evacuation of the colonies" these intellectuals were calling for had been requested by the surrealists in the 1920s already. Because of their radical and singular position condemning colonialism's principe and because of their avant-gardism lying at a crossroads between the political and the cultural realms, surrealists belong to the anticolonialist intellectuals' history
Sallot, Jean. "Le contrôle des prix et la sidérurgie française : 1937-1974." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010681.
From 1937 to 1974 the prices of the products of the french iron and steel industry were controlled by the authorities, which is what the industrialists have considered as the major cause of the crisis the industry went through in the seventies and of its particular feature, that is, massive debts and, because of the worsening economic crisis, a growing insolvency of the firms. However, the detailed analysis of the different periods when price control was enforced leads to more qualified conclusions. The effects of the price control, limited during the front populaire period and even world war ii, are more traceable from 1944 to 1953 but cannot be held fully responsible for the increasing debts the firms got into. Similarly, however anachronistic the price control may seem after the opening of the common market, it won't appear fully inadequate until the 1960's when its inadequacies and contradictions added up. As for its being reinforced from 1969 to 1974 it is nothing more than an epiphenomenon. These changing trends thus strongly question the idea that the iron and steel industry lost money because of price control
Magnagna, Nguema Viviane. "Croissance de l'agriculture paysanne et équilibre général de l'économie gabonaise : évaluation des politiques à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010028.
Melki, Mickaël. "Les interactions directes et indirectes entre idéologie et croissance économique : Cinq essais appliqués au cas français,1870-2011." Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767439.
Chansou, Michel. "Recherches en sociolexicologie : vocabulaires techniques et aménagement lexical en français contemporain." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030078.
The aim of this research is to study the different social, economic, political - and linguistic - aspects of lexical development in contemporary french. It more particulary concerns technical vocabularies, wich today account for the greater part of the enrichment of french vocabulary. The research was carried out from two angles, corresponding to the two parts of the work. In the first part a history of lexical planning in french from 1950 to 1994 is presented (private initiatives, language policy actions, the reactions of public opinion). In the second part five case studies are examined, each being a very limited field of observation designed to bring out in concrete terms the interplay of the forces brought to bear on lexical development
Raso, Geneviève-Lea. "La quête identitaire de l'Etat turc : Etats, Nations, nationalismes de 1839 à nos jours." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0005/document.
In Turkey, the Identity question is the crux of the issue. After the period of Mustafa Kemal who gave a definition of the State, secular and Turkish this one didn’t resist to the death of the founder of the Nation State. The year which followed, saw the emergence of the multiparty system to the power and the birth, of an another definition of the Turkish Identity, creating a consensus within the Turkish Nation: The Turco-Islamic Synthesis. The clashes and the tensions showed the limits of the State definition of the Turkish Identity during the “Lead Years” (1960-1970), a period dominated by two nationalist strengths, the Deep-State and the ultranationalism of the Grey- Wolves, the extreme-right movement. The Susurluk Affair allowed to see the birth of a new tendency, the nationalism of Ulusalcilik of secular inspiration, but also a neo-ottomanism, with the coming of the AKP and the emergence of a new wider identity: Tiirkyeli, that means “to be from Turkey”. But the conflicts in the Middle East and the sliding of the AKP towards Islamism, blurs once more the national Identity
Jesné, Fabrice. "Les nationalités balkaniques dans le débat politique italien, de l'Unité au lendemain des Guerres Balkaniques (1861-1913) : entre invention scientifique, solidarité méditerranéenne et impérialisme adriatique." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010612.
Salas, Casasola Ina. "L' impact de la libéralisation commerciale agricole sur la pauvreté : étude de cas mexicain." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS017S.
Many developing countries applied structural adjustment economic programs during the 80´s and 90´s, where one of the main elements was trade liberalization. In order to analyze the agricultural trade liberalization impact on Mexico’s poverty, a statistical analysis of the trade, and the national and regional production indicators was done, in order to review the displacement and the complementariness between growth and trade. Trade liberalization in Mexico relegated small, and self sufficient (autoconsumo) producers from the new market order due to the reduction of its degree of market integration, is a main conclusion. The real value loss of its products had a negative income effect, and set them in a negative poverty circle, since it reduced their possibilities to acquire new capabilities and possibilities to be inserted in profitable economic systems. It started a poverty process inside the agricultural sector, which in spite of its increased commercial dynamism, it didn’t have growth spill over effects, and as a consequence, it started an agricultural price factors worsening. Even if the trade liberalisation impacts were not uniform, the regional analysis demonstrated that the compensation between “winners and losers” is not automatic. On the contrary, the liberalization served to intensify the dynamic economic differences, and it drove a development difference between the north, the centre and the south of the country
Nicolas, Claire. "Sport, citoyenneté et genre en Afrique de l’Ouest : histoire sociale et politique comparée de la jeunesse au Ghana et en Côte d’Ivoire au XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0046.
This thesis explores an unprecedented aspect of postcolonial citizen training in West Africa during the twentieth century. It compares the making and unfolding of three sporting and physical activity infrastructures in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire and reveals how sports, youth movements and physical training have helped to build the social and political history of Ghanaian and Ivorian youths. The study shows how, in both countries, physical and sporting activities were used by colonial and postcolonial states to promote the formation of a young idealized citizen: athletic, urban, educated and loyal to the state. On the one hand, this research highlights the ambivalence at play within sporting practice, between subordination and emancipation. On the other hand, it illuminates how sporting and physical activities were instruments that contributed to the redefining and reinventing of gendered social identities. This thesis is based on archives collected in Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, France, Great-Britain, Switzerland and the USA and biographical interviews with forty former sportsmen and sportswomen in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire
Arango, López Diego. "Villes capitales en projet : histoire comparative de l'urbanisme moderne : Bogota Buenos Aires. 1920-1955." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0058.
This research analyzes the simultaneous establishment of three urbanism projects in Bogota and three projects in Buenos Aires between 1920 and 1955. It explores the general characteristics of urbanism projects themselves and seeks primarily to understand the political and social transformations of both cities throughout the history of the projects within this time period. The comparative perspective used here required research in différent archives and libraries of Bogota, Buenos Aires and Paris. A diverse documentary corpus has been constituted with technical, administrative, political, personal, journalistic and other documents. This research allows us to understand how the establishment of similar projects triggers divergent social developments in two different societies. It also analyzes the power struggles between different social and political associations, with focus on the mechanisms used to reinforce their social standing and their action strategies. The research contributes to the reflection on the process of co-production of modem urbanism and proposes a new mode of analysis to understand the urban history of Latin America
Nyama, Abraham. "Les villages des régions de Ndendé (Gabon) et Divenié (Congo) : essai d'étude comparée de 1934 à 1995." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010568.
Gee, Gabriel. "La création et ses formes dans le contexte socio-politique de la Grande-Bretagne : les scènes artistiques dans le Nord de l'Angleterre des années 1980 au début du 21e siècle." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100132.
This research focuses on the art scenes in the cities of the North of England from the late seventies and the election of Margaret Thatcher at the head of the British government to the beginning of the 215` century. The production, exhibition, and reception of contemporary arts in Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle-upon-Tyne are studied in relation to the socio-political context of the time. These Northem cities have witnessed the progressive demise of their traditional economies based on manufacture and various industriel activities. The politics of Thatcherism during the 1980s increased the tensions in between north and south, the capital London and the provinces. During the 1990s, economic regeneration strategies involving arts and particularly contemporary visual arts have prevailed in the reconstructions of the urban, the economic, and identities in the North of England. This study looks at the development of the arts during the period in relation to this context of major social and economic transformations, considering the consequences in tenus of infrastructures, institutional policies of art exhibition, as well as oppositions, resistance, and more generally the interaction that connects the artists, artists practices, to the cultural policies, the evolution of the environment, of regional, national, and global economies, and the evolutions of British society locally and nationaley
Kourchid, Olivier. "Production et travail dans une industrie stratégique : sociologie, histoire, archéologie du monde de la mine." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070102.
1st part : constrained labor (1938-1944). The mobilization of workers and managers in dominant coal company, the division of statuts, and forced labor imply different forms of resistance and integration. 2d part : political labor (1944-1952). With nationalization, the public coal industry rebuilts other regional and local hegemonies, under ministers' government and the pressure of geopolitics. Modernization and miners' statute are the stakes of the conflicts. 3rd part : prescribed labor (1850-1990). The professional and social biographies are presented through several generations; workers, employers, engineers, managers, higher industrial civil servants and union leaders show evidences of the relationship between mobility and stability and between underground and surface work. 4th part : fossil labor (1989-1992). The analysis of labor and production in underground and surface environment in the coal mine site of Oignies allows to move from industrial exploitation, to archeology of labor and to industrial conservation and heritage. These steps pose the central relationship of sociology to history and to archeology. 5th part : endangered labor. Technical, social and institutional safeties and securities are necessary to understand strategy and culture of industrial societies