Статті в журналах: "Imperfect Fault Coverage"

1

Dugan, J. B. "Fault trees and imperfect coverage." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 38, no. 2 (June 1989): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.31102.

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2

Li, Qiuying, and Hoang Pham. "Software Reliability Modeling Incorporating Fault Detection and Fault Correction Processes with Testing Coverage and Fault Amount Dependency." Mathematics 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10010060.

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This paper presents a general testing coverage software reliability modeling framework that covers imperfect debugging and considers not only fault detection processes (FDP) but also fault correction processes (FCP). Numerous software reliability growth models have evaluated the reliability of software over the last few decades, but most of them attached importance to modeling the fault detection process rather than modeling the fault correction process. Previous studies analyzed the time dependency between the fault detection and correction processes and modeled the fault correction process as a delayed detection process with a random or deterministic time delay. We study the quantitative dependency between dual processes from the viewpoint of fault amount dependency instead of time dependency, then propose a generalized modeling framework along with imperfect debugging and testing coverage. New models are derived by adopting different testing coverage functions. We compared the performance of these proposed models with existing models under the context of two kinds of failure data, one of which only includes observations of faults detected, and the other includes not only fault detection but also fault correction data. Different parameter estimation methods and performance comparison criteria are presented according to the characteristics of different kinds of datasets. No matter what kind of data, the comparison results reveal that the proposed models generally give improved descriptive and predictive performance than existing models.

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3

XIANG, Jianwen, Fumio MACHIDA, Kumiko TADANO, Yoshiharu MAENO, and Kazuo YANOO. "Coverage of Irrelevant Components in Systems with Imperfect Fault Coverage." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E96.A, no. 7 (2013): 1649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e96.a.1649.

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4

Xiang, Jianwen, Fumio Machida, Kumiko Tadano, and Yoshiharu Maeno. "An Imperfect Fault Coverage Model With Coverage of Irrelevant Components." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 64, no. 1 (March 2015): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2014.2363155.

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5

Amari, S. V., J. B. Dugan, and R. B. Misra. "Optimal reliability of systems subject to imperfect fault-coverage." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 48, no. 3 (1999): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.799899.

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6

Tannous, Ola, Liudong Xing, Rui Peng, and Min Xie. "Reliability of warm-standby systems subject to imperfect fault coverage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 228, no. 6 (July 14, 2014): 606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x14541255.

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7

Jain, Madhu, and Rakesh Kumar Meena. "Fault tolerant system with imperfect coverage, reboot and server vacation." Journal of Industrial Engineering International 13, no. 2 (December 26, 2016): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40092-016-0180-8.

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8

Peng, Rui, Qing Qing Zhai, Lei Shi, and Jun Yang. "Multi-Valued Decision Diagram Based Reliability Analysis of Demand-Based Warm Standby Systems with Imperfect Fault Coverage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 4161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4161.

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In many real-world applications, warm standby redundancy is a commonly applied technique that can compromise recovery time and energy consumption in the fault-tolerant system design. It is considered as a generalization of cold standby and hot standby techniques and has attracted lots of research attentions. In this paper, a demand-based warm standby system subject to imperfect fault coverage is studied. The demand-based system consists of components with different capacities and fails if the cumulative capacity of working components is lower than the desired system demand. To adapt to different fault covering mechanisms, this paper considers two different kinds of fault coverage models, i.e. element level coverage and fault level coverage. A multi-valued decision diagram based approach is proposed to analyze the system reliability. The suggested method is combinatorial and has no limitation on the type of time-to-failure distributions for system components. An example is presented to illustrate the application and advantage of the proposed method.

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9

Akhtar, S. "Reliability of k-out-of-n:G systems with imperfect fault-coverage." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 43, no. 1 (March 1994): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.285121.

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10

Amari, S. V., J. B. Dugan, and R. B. Misra. "A separable method for incorporating imperfect fault-coverage into combinatorial models." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 48, no. 3 (1999): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.799898.

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11

Myers, Albert F. "$k$-out-of-$n$:G System Reliability With Imperfect Fault Coverage." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 56, no. 3 (September 2007): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2007.903229.

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12

Ram, Mangey, and Monika Manglik. "Performance Evaluation of a Multi-state System Covering Imperfect Fault Coverage." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 45, no. 9 (November 4, 2014): 3259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2014.932802.

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13

Mandava, Lavanya, and Liudong Xing. "Optimizing Imperfect Coverage Cloud-RAID Systems Considering Reliability and Cost." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 27, no. 02 (September 23, 2019): 2040001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021853932040001x.

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This paper considers a cloud provider selection problem to optimize the cloud-redundant array of independent disks (RAID) storage system subject to imperfect coverage (IPC), where an uncovered disk fault causes extensive damages to the entire system despite the presence of adequate redundancy. Given available cloud storage disk providers with disks having different costs, failure parameters and coverage factors, the objective of the optimal design is to select the combination of cloud providers minimizing system unreliability or cost. Both unconstrained and constrained optimization problems are considered. The solution methodology encompasses an analytical, combinatorial method for reliability analysis of the considered cloud-RAID storage system with the IPC behavior. Based on practical design parameters, the brute force approach is utilized to obtain the optimal design configuration. Several case studies are provided to illustrate the proposed optimization problems and solution method.

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14

Newton, J. "Comment on: Reliability of k-out-of-n:G systems with imperfect fault-coverage." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 44, no. 1 (March 1995): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.376536.

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15

Jain, Madhu. "Availability prediction of imperfect fault coverage system with reboot and common cause failure." International Journal of Operational Research 17, no. 3 (2013): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijor.2013.054441.

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16

Jain, Madhu, and Rakesh Kumar Meena. "Availability Analysis and Cost Optimization of M/G/1 Fault-Tolerant Machining System with Imperfect Fault Coverage." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 45, no. 3 (January 6, 2020): 2281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04303-w.

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17

Verma, Vibha, Sameer Anand, and Anu Gupta Aggarwal. "Software warranty cost optimization under imperfect debugging." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 37, no. 9/10 (October 31, 2019): 1233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-03-2019-0088.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and quantify the key components of the overall cost of software development when warranty coverage is given by a developer. Also, the authors have studied the impact of imperfect debugging on the optimal release time, warranty policy and development cost which signifies that it is important for the developers to control the parameters that cause a sharp increase in cost. Design/methodology/approach An optimization problem is formulated to minimize software development cost by considering imperfect fault removal process, faults generation at a constant rate and an environmental factor to differentiate the operational phase from the testing phase. Another optimization problem under perfect debugging conditions, i.e. without error generation is constructed for comparison. These optimization models are solved in MATLAB, and their solutions provide insights to the degree of impact of imperfect debugging on the optimal policies with respect to software release time and warranty time. Findings A real-life fault data set of Radar System is used to study the impact of various cost factors via sensitivity analysis on release and warranty policy. If firms tend to provide warranty for a longer period of time, then they may have to bear losses due to increased debugging cost with more number of failures occurring during the warrantied time but if the warranty is not provided for sufficient time it may not act as sufficient hedge during field failures. Originality/value Every firm is fighting to remain in the competition and expand market share by offering the latest technology-based products, using innovative marketing strategies. Warranty is one such strategic tool to promote the product among masses and develop a sense of quality in the user’s mind. In this paper, the failures encountered during development and after software release are considered to model the failure process.

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18

Xing, Liudong. "Reliability Evaluation of Phased-Mission Systems With Imperfect Fault Coverage and Common-Cause Failures." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 56, no. 1 (March 2007): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2006.890900.

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19

Ke, Jau-Chuan, Zheng-Long Su, Kuo-Hsiung Wang, and Ying-Lin Hsu. "Simulation inferences for an availability system with general repair distribution and imperfect fault coverage." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 18, no. 3 (March 2010): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2009.12.001.

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20

Jain, Madhu, and Ritu Gupta. "Optimal replacement policy for a repairable system with multiple vacations and imperfect fault coverage." Computers & Industrial Engineering 66, no. 4 (December 2013): 710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2013.09.011.

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21

Myers, A., and A. Rauzy. "Efficient Reliability Assessment of Redundant Systems Subject to Imperfect Fault Coverage Using Binary Decision Diagrams." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 57, no. 2 (June 2008): 336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2008.916884.

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22

Xing, Liudong, Suprasad V. Amari, and Chaonan Wang. "Reliability of k-out-of-n systems with phased-mission requirements and imperfect fault coverage." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 103 (July 2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2012.03.018.

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23

Yung-Ruei Chang, S. V. Amari, and Sy-Yen Kuo. "OBDD-Based Evaluation of Reliability and Importance Measures for Multistate Systems Subject to Imperfect Fault Coverage." IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2, no. 4 (October 2005): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdsc.2005.51.

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24

Li, Zheng, and Jinlei Qin. "An Efficient Universal Generating Function-Based Analyzing Approach for Multistate System with Imperfect Coverage Failure." Complexity 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5560555.

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A system with more than two states is called a multistate system (MSS), and such systems have already become a general trend in the arena of complex industrial products and/or systems. Fault-tolerant technology often plays a very important role in improving the reliability of an MSS. However, the existence of imperfect coverage failure (ICF) in a work-sharing group (WSG) decreases the reliability of MSS. A method is proposed to assess the reliability and sensitivity of an MSS with ICF. The components in a WSG can cooperate so as to improve overall efficiency by increasing performance levels. Using the technique of the universal generating function (UGF), a component’s UGF expression with ICF can be incorporated in two steps. During the computation of the system’s UGF, an algorithm based on matrix (ABM) is developed to reduce the computational complexity. Consequently, indices of reliability can be easily calculated based on the UGF expression of an MSS. Sensitivity analysis can help engineers judge which WSG should be eliminated first under various resource limitations. Examples illustrate and validate this method.

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25

Myers, A. "Achievable Limits on the Reliability of $k$-out-of-$n$:G Systems Subject to Imperfect Fault Coverage." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 57, no. 2 (June 2008): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2008.923475.

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26

Chatterjee, Subhashis, and Ankur Shukla. "A unified approach of testing coverage‐based software reliability growth modelling with fault detection probability, imperfect debugging, and change point." Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 31, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): e2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smr.2150.

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27

XING, LIUDONG. "RELIABILITY MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 12, no. 06 (December 2005): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539305001963.

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In this paper we consider the problem of reliability modeling and analysis of hierarchical computer-based systems (HS) with modular imperfect coverage (MIPC) and common-cause failures (CCF). The MIPC and CCF can cause vertical dependence that runs through different levels of the system as well as horizontal dependence that runs across components or modules on the same system level. The consideration of these dependencies poses unique challenges to existing HS reliability analysis methods. We propose an efficient decomposition and aggregation approach named EDA-HS to the reliability evaluation of complex hierarchical systems with both MIPC and CCF as one way to meet the above challenges in an efficient and elegant manner. Our approach is to decouple the effects of both MIPC and CCF from the combinatorics of the solution. The approach is represented in a dynamic fault tree by a proposed probabilistic functional dependency gate and a proposed CCF gate modeled after the existing FDEP gate. We present the basics and advantages of the EDA-HS approach by working through an analysis of an example HS subject to MIPC and CCF.

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28

Shekhar, Chandra, Amit Kumar, Shreekant Varshney, and Sherif I. Ammar. "Fault-tolerant redundant repairable system with different failures and delays." Engineering Computations 37, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 1043–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose The internet of things and just-in-time are the embryonic model of innovation for the state-of-the-art design of the service system. This paper aims to develop a fault-tolerant machining system with active and standby redundancy. The availability of the fault-tolerant redundant repairable system is a key concern in the successful deployment of the service system. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors cogitate a fault-tolerant redundant repairable system of finite working units along with warm standby unit provisioning. Working unit and standby unit are susceptible to random failures, which interrupt the quality-of-service. The system is also prone to common cause failure, which tends its catastrophe. The instantaneous repair of failed unit guarantees the increase in the availability of the unit/system. The time-to-repair by the single service facility for the failed unit follows the arbitrary distribution. For increasing the practicability of the studied model, the authors have also incorporated real-time machining practices such as imperfect coverage of the failure of units, switching failure of standby unit, common cause failure, reboot delay, switch over delay, etc. Findings For deriving the explicit expression for steady-state probabilities of the system, the authors use a supplementary variable technique for which the only required input is the Laplace–Stieltjes transform (LST) of the repair time distribution. Research limitations/implications For complex and multi-parameters distribution of repair time, derivation of performance measures is not possible. The authors prefer numerical simulation because of its importance in the application for real-time uses. Practical implications The stepwise recursive procedure, illustrative examples, and numerical results have been presented for the diverse category of repair time distribution: exponential (M), n-stage Erlang (Ern), deterministic (D), uniform (U(a,b)), n-stage generalized Erlang (GE[n]) and hyperexponential (HE[n]). Social implications Concluding remarks and future scopes have also been included. The studied fault-tolerant redundant repairable system is suitable for reliability analysis of a computer system, communication system, manufacturing system, software reliability, service system, etc. Originality/value As per the survey in literature, no previous published paper is presented with so wide range of repair time distribution in the machine repair problem. This paper is valuable for system design for reliability analysis of the fault-tolerant redundant repairable.

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29

Jiang, Lei, Yiliu Liu, Xiaomin Wang, and Mary Ann Lundteigen. "Operation-oriented reliability and availability evaluation for onboard high-speed train control system with dynamic Bayesian network." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18800630.

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The reliability and availability of the onboard high-speed train control system are important to guarantee operational efficiency and railway safety. Failures occurring in the onboard system may result in serious accidents. In the analysis of the effects of failure, it is significant to consider the operation of an onboard system. This article presents a systemic approach to evaluate the reliability and availability for the onboard system based on dynamic Bayesian network, with taking into account dynamic failure behaviors, imperfect coverage factors, and temporal effects in the operational phase. The case studies are presented and compared for onboard systems with different redundant strategies, that is, the triple modular redundancy, hot spare double dual, and cold spare double dual. Dynamic fault trees of the three kinds of onboard system are constructed and mapped into dynamic Bayesian networks. The forward and backward inferences are conducted not only to evaluate the reliability and availability but also to recognize the vulnerabilities of the onboard systems. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for evaluating the effects of failure rates subject to uncertainties. To improve the reliability and availability, the recovery mechanism should be paid more attention. Finally, the proposed approach is validated with the field data from one railway bureau in China and some industrial impacts are provided.

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30

Amari, S. V., H. Pham, and G. Dill. "Optimal Design of<tex>$k$</tex>-out-of-<tex>$n$</tex>:G Subsystems Subjected to Imperfect Fault-Coverage." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 53, no. 4 (December 2004): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2004.837703.

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31

Shekhar, Chandra, Amit Gupta, Madhu Jain, and Neeraj Kumar. "Transient analysis of computing system with reboot and recovery delay." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 37, no. 6/7 (April 12, 2020): 983–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-09-2019-0306.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a sensitivity analysis of fault-tolerant redundant repairable computing systems with imperfect coverage, reboot and recovery process.Design/methodology/approachIn this investigation, the authors consider the computing system having a finite number of identical working units functioning simultaneously with the provision of standby units. Working and standby units are prone to random failure in nature and are administered by unreliable software, which is also likely to unpredictable failure. The redundant repairable computing system is modeled as a Markovian machine interference problem with exponentially distributed failure rates and service rates. To excerpt the failed unit from the computing system, the system either opts randomized reboot process or leads to recovery delay.FindingsTransient-state probabilities have been determined with which the authors develop various reliability measures, namely reliability/availability, mean time to failure, failure frequency, and so on, and queueing characteristics, namely expected number of failed units, the throughput of the system and so on, for the predictive purpose. To spectacle the practicability of the developed model, a numerical simulation, sensitivity analysis and so on for different parameters have also been done, and the results are summarized in the tables and graphs. The transient results are helpful to analyze the developing model of the system before having the stability of the system. The derived measures give direct insights into parametric decision-making.Social implicationsThe conclusion has been drawn, and future scope is remarked. The present research study would help system analyst and system designer to make a better choice/decision in order to have the economical design and strategy based on the desired mean time to failure, reliability/availability of the systems and other queueing characteristics.Originality/valueDifferent from previous investigations, this studied model provides a more accurate assessment of the computing system compared to uncertain environments based on sensitivity analysis.

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32

Luo, Can, ShiWen Liu, and YiXin Wang. "Legal System for Medical Liability Insurance Relevant to AI Doctor in China." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 27 (June 30, 2022): 149–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/bml.2022.27.149.

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Since artificial intelligence was proposed in the last century, the technological advancement has been promoting the development of AI doctor, which has already entered the medical life in China. As AI doctors are based on elements such as big data and evolutionary algorithms, they have new knowledge learning capabilities and massive information processing capabilities that far exceed those of human doctors, and can provide patients with more efficient and high-quality medical services. Its accuracy in diagnosing and treating diseases is also much higher than that of human doctors. Thus, AI doctors have bright future in the entire life cycle of medical activities such as medical consultation, intelligent diagnosis, intelligent treatment, and health management. At the same time, the continuous medical damages of AI doctors used in the market indicate that it has a huge potential risk, for the existence of technical black boxes may cause irreversible damage to the personal health of patients. As a financial way to protect victims and diversify social risks, medical liability insurance plays a vital role in promoting the development of new technologies and solving related medical damage. However, our nation's medical liability insurance system is facing difficulties and is currently unable to perform its due function. On the one hand, insufficient compulsory medical liability insurance has led to insufficient coverage, the coverage of insurance is too narrow, and the existing problems of imperfect supporting systems have not yet been resolved, and medical liability insurance has its own development difficulties; More importantly, the participation of AI doctors has a huge impact on the doctor's fault identification and traditional fault liability, and the relationship between the relevant insurance systems is also quite chaotic. Artificial intelligence poses a challenge to the current medical liability insurance legal system, and it is urgent to improve and reform medical liability insurance. In this regard, in the future medical liability insurance, these existing and new problems should be fully considered. The key points are the identification of fault, the introduction of no-fault compensation, and the linking to related insurance systems. This is the main direction for the improvement of the legal system in the future. Specifically, in the future, the improvement of our country's medical liability insurance legal system should conform to the technological development of AI doctors, improve the traditional fault identification, introduce no-fault compensation to reform the traditional principle of single fault, and clarify the relationship between various insurances to relieve the parties. 自上世纪人工智能被提出以来，每一次的技术进步都推动着一波人工智能医生的发展，人工智能医生早已进入中国的医疗生活中,正在广泛应用于医疗活动。基于人工智能医生以大数据和演进算法等要素为基础，其具有远超人类医生的新知识学习能力和海量的信息处理能力，可以更高效更优质地为患者提供医疗服务。其诊断治疗疾病的准确率远高于人类医生，人工智能医生在医疗咨询，智能诊断，智能治疗，健康管理等医疗活动全生命周期都具有光明的发展前景。与此同时，市场上应用的人工智能医生产品不断爆出的医疗损害表明，它具有巨大的潜在风险，由于技术黑箱的存在可能会对患者人身健康造成难以逆转的。作为保护受害人、分散社会风险的金融途径，医疗责任保险在促进新技术发展、解决相关医疗事故中具有至关重要的地位。然而，中国医疗责任保险制度面临困境，目前难以发挥应有的功能。一方面，医疗责任保险强制性不足自身覆盖率不足，保险范围过于狭隘，相关配套制度也不完善的既有问题尚未得到解决，医疗�

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33

Židek, Kamil, Vladislav Maxim, and Radoslav Sadecký. "Diagnostics of Errors at Component Surface by Vision Recognition in Production Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.227.

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The article deals with the diagnostics of components surface after painting by camera system in real-time. This solution is especially suitable for implementation to automatized production line above the conveyor belt. The faults on the part surface can be detected as scratches, imperfect surface coverage and dirt stuck to the surface. The scratch detection is based on edge detectors, imperfect coverage are checked by histogram comparison and all other errors are detected by counter detectors. The developed software uses open source library OpenCV and is written in C++ language. The software solution is platform independent. Final algorithm is implemented to embedded device based on SoC.

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34

Kumari, Sudesh, and Rajeev Kumar. "Comparative Analysis of Two-Unit Hot Standby Hardware-Software Systems with Impact of Imperfect Fault Coverages." International Journal of Statistics and Systems 12, no. 04 (December 30, 2017): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.37622/ijss/12.4.2017.705-719.

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35

Narahara, Gene M., John J. Spokes, David D. Brennan, Gregor Maxwell, and Michael S. Bast. "Incorporating Uncertainties in Well-Count Optimization With Experimental Design for the Deepwater Agbami Field." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 8, no. 06 (December 1, 2005): 548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/91012-pa.

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Summary This paper describes a methodology for incorporating uncertainties in the optimization of well count for the deepwater Agbami field development. The lack of substantial reservoir-description data is common in many deepwater discoveries. Therefore, the development plan must be optimized and proven to berobust for a wide range of uncertainties. In the Agbami project, the design of experiments, or experimental design (ED) technique, was incorporated to optimize the well count across a wide range of subsurface uncertainties. The lack of substantial reservoir-description data is common for many deepwater discoveries. In the Agbami project, the uncertainty in oil in place was significant (greater than a factor of 2). This uncertainty was captured in a range of earth (geologic) models. Additional uncertainty variables, including permeability, fault seals, and injection conformance, were studied concurrently. Multiple well-count development plans (high, mid, and low) were developed and used as a variable in ED. The ED technique allowed multiple well counts to be tested quickly against multiple geologic models. With the net present value (NPV) calculated for each case, not only was the well count for the overall highest NPV determined, but discrete testing of each geologic model determined the optimum well count for each model. The process allowed for testing the robustness of any well count vs. any uncertainty (or set of uncertainties). A method was demonstrated quantifying the difference between perfect and imperfect knowledge of the reservoir description (geologic model) as it pertains to well locations. Introduction The Agbami structure is a northwest/southeast-trending four-way closure anticline and is located on the Niger delta front approximately 65 miles offshore Nigeria in the Gulf of Guinea (see the map in Fig. 1). The structure spans an area of 45,000 acres at spill point and is located in 4,800 ft of water. The Agbami No. 1 discovery well was drilled in late 1998. The appraisal program was completed in 2001 and included five wells and one sidetrack drilled on the structure, with each encountering oil pay. These five wells and a sidetrack penetrated an average of approximately 350 ft of oil. In this phase (Phase 3) of the development process, the key objectives are to construct a field-development plan and to obtain sanctioning. With drilling depths of up to 10,000 ft below mudline in 4,800 ft of water, well costs at Agbami will be at the high end of typical deepwater costs. Therefore, an important optimization parameter in the field development is the total well count. Agbami is typical of many deepwater developments in that the seismic is less than perfect and the appraisal well data are sparse relative to the area coverage. Therefore, subsurface uncertainty is high. In fact, the 5% probable oil in place is more than two times the oil in place at the 95% probability. As a result, the development process is challenged with determining the optimum well count for the field development across the wide range of subsurface uncertainty. Several key development decisions were determined in the previous phase(Phase 2) of the development process. These decisions were taken as givens in this study and are listed as follows:• The recommended pressure-maintenance scheme and gas-disposition strategy for the 17 million-year (MY) units is a combination of crestal gas injection with peripheral water injection.• The recommended pressure-maintenance scheme and gas-disposition strategy for the 14MY/16MY units is crestal gas injection only.• The facility design capacity recommendations are:- 250,000 stock-tank bbl per day (STB/D) oil.- 450,000 thousand cubic ft per day (Mcf/D) gas production.- 250,000 STB/D water production.- 450,000 STB/D liquid production.- 450,000 STB/D water injection.

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"Fault trees and imperfect coverage." Microelectronics Reliability 30, no. 4 (January 1990): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(90)90207-4.

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Mandava, Lavanya, and Liudong Xing. "Reliability analysis of cloud-RAID 6 with imperfect fault coverage." International Journal of Performability Engineering, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.17.03.p5.289297.

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Liu, Tzu-Hsin, Jau-Chuan Ke, Ching-Chang Kuo, and Fu-Min Chang. "On the retrial queue with imperfect coverage and delay reboot." RAIRO - Operations Research, September 21, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2020103.

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This paper presents a design for a fault-tolerant call center consisting of a multi-server retrial queue, and including detection, location and coverage variables. Basically, incoming calls are immediately detected and located. However, it is not always possible to detect and locate because of some fault issues. If incoming calls are not detected and located, the system is cleared by a reboot. Once incoming calls are detected and located, they are attended to when a consultant is available; otherwise, they join a retrial orbit and generate repeated attempts till a free consultant is found. We analyze the presented model as a quasi-birth-and-death process and develop various performance indices. The optimal number of consultants and optimal service rate are searched by constructing an average cost function. A heuristic search technique is employed to obtain the optimization approximate solution at a minimum cost. Numerical illustrations are given to demonstrate the optimization procedure and the effects of varying parameters on performance indices.

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CHEN, Ying, Song YANG, and Rui KANG. "Reliability evaluation of avionics system with imperfect fault coverage and propagated failure mechanisms." Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.07.003.

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"A Coverage-Based Software Reliability Growth Model for Imperfect Fault Detection and Repeated Construct Execution." KIPS Transactions:PartD 11D, no. 6 (October 1, 2004): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2004.11d.6.1287.

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Goyal, Nupur, and Mangey Ram. "Exploiting performance analysis of redundant system (kM+1S) incorporating fault coverage and reboot delay." RAIRO - Operations Research, January 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2022011.

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The present investigation seeks the steady state availability, reliability and mean time to failure of the 1-out-of (k+1): G redundant system. A system having k active units (kM) and one unit (1S) as a warm standby redundancy have considered. The effects of various parameters on reliability measures have been analyzed by deriving two models. Model I is designed as a reliability model and Model II for steady state availability. The assumptions have been made that the detected faults in the redundant system is covered imperfectly. The Markov process, supplementary variable technique, Laplace transformation are adopted to determine the transient behavior of the system. Presented results based on numerical data to demonstrate the practical utilization of the developed models. This study is very helpful for the engineers to design a highly reliable redundant system with high profit in the industry.

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