Статті в журналах з теми "Impact tsunami"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Impact tsunami.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Impact tsunami".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Dermadi, Yedi, and Yoanes Bandung. "Tsunami Impact Prediction System Based on TsunAWI Inundation Data." Journal of ICT Research and Applications 15, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2021.15.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is very important for tsunami early warning systems to provide inundation predictions within a short period of time. Inundation is one of the factors that directly cause destruction and damage from tsunamis. This research proposes a tsunami impact prediction system based on inundation data analysis. The inundation data used in this analysis were obtained from the tsunami modeling called TsunAWI. The inundation data analysis refers to the coastal forecast zones for each city/regency that are currently used in the Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS). The data analysis process comprises data collection, data transformation, data analysis (through GIS analysis, predictive analysis, and simple statistical analysis), and data integration, ultimately producing a pre-calculated inundation database for inundation prediction and tsunami impact prediction. As the outcome, the tsunami impact prediction system provides estimations of the flow depth and inundation distance for each city/regency incorporated into generated tsunami warning bulletins and impact predictions based on the Integrated Tsunami Intensity Scale (ITIS-2012). In addition, the system provides automatic sea level anomaly detection from tide gauge sensors by applying a tsunami detection algorithm. Finally, the contribution of this research is expected to bring enhancements to the tsunami warning products of InaTEWS.
2
Grilli, Stephan T., Jeffrey C. Harris, Fengyan Shi, James T. Kirby, Tayebeh S. Tajalli Bakhsh, Elise Estibals, and Babak Tehranirad. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF COASTAL TSUNAMI IMPACT DISSIPATION AND IMPACT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent observations of the coastal impact of large tsunamis (e.g., Indian Ocean 2004; Tohoku 2011) and related numerical and theoretical works have made it increasingly clear that tsunami waves arrive nearshore as a series of long waves (so-called N-waves) with, often, the superposition of undular bores around each crest. Such wave trains are much more complex and very much in contrast with the solitary wave paradigm which for a long time was the accepted idealization of tsunami waves in both experimental and numerical work. The dissipation associated with these breaking bores can be very large, particularly over a wide and shallow continental shelf such as along the east coast of North America, particularly for the shorter waves associated with tsunamis generated by Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs). In this paper, we perform numerical simulations of tsunami coastal impact in the context of both idealized laboratory experiments and several tsunami case studies. We attempt to clarify the key physical processes at play in such cases, and discuss the parameterization of long wave dissipation and implications for models of coastal tsunami hazard assessment.
3
Lahcene, Elisa, Ioanna Ioannou, Anawat Suppasri, Kwanchai Pakoksung, Ryan Paulik, Syamsidik Syamsidik, Frederic Bouchette, and Fumihiko Imamura. "Characteristics of building fragility curves for seismic and non-seismic tsunamis: case studies of the 2018 Sunda Strait, 2018 Sulawesi–Palu, and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 2313–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2313-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Indonesia has experienced several tsunamis triggered by seismic and non-seismic (i.e., landslides) sources. These events damaged or destroyed coastal buildings and infrastructure and caused considerable loss of life. Based on the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) guidelines, this study assesses the empirical tsunami fragility to the buildings inventory of the 2018 Sunda Strait, 2018 Sulawesi–Palu, and 2004 Indian Ocean (Khao Lak–Phuket, Thailand) tsunamis. Fragility curves represent the impact of tsunami characteristics on structural components and express the likelihood of a structure reaching or exceeding a damage state in response to a tsunami intensity measure. The Sunda Strait and Sulawesi–Palu tsunamis are uncommon events still poorly understood compared to the Indian Ocean tsunami (IOT), and their post-tsunami databases include only flow depth values. Using the TUNAMI two-layer model, we thus reproduce the flow depth, the flow velocity, and the hydrodynamic force of these two tsunamis for the first time. The flow depth is found to be the best descriptor of tsunami damage for both events. Accordingly, the building fragility curves for complete damage reveal that (i) in Khao Lak–Phuket, the buildings affected by the IOT sustained more damage than the Sunda Strait tsunami, characterized by shorter wave periods, and (ii) the buildings performed better in Khao Lak–Phuket than in Banda Aceh (Indonesia). Although the IOT affected both locations, ground motions were recorded in the city of Banda Aceh, and buildings could have been seismically damaged prior to the tsunami's arrival, and (iii) the buildings of Palu City exposed to the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami were more susceptible to complete damage than the ones affected by the IOT, in Banda Aceh, between 0 and 2 m flow depth. Similar to the Banda Aceh case, the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami load may not be the only cause of structural destruction. The buildings' susceptibility to tsunami damage in the waterfront of Palu City could have been enhanced by liquefaction events triggered by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake.
4
Tauhid, Fahmyddin A'raaf. "URBAN DESIGN FOR TSUNAMI IMPACT MITIGATION; APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL ELEMENT." Nature: National Academic Journal of Architecture 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/nature.v5i2a8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract_ The increasing of tsunami event has called the integration of urban design for disaster impact mitigation. The Geodynamics position of many global cities puts latter areas are highly vulnerable to earthquake followed by tsunamis. In supporting its function as the main hub in social and economic and protecting environment, the employment of urban design for tsunami impact mitigation is hypothesized as sustainable mean. Therefore, this paper seeks the possibility of employment of urban design’s physical element for tsunami impact mitigation within disaster studies field using literature and case studies for Indonesian cities context. This study recommends that Infrastructure planning and design, Coastal forest, Early warning system, Emergency road network planning, Pre-tsunami evacuation planning and Building design and construction are suitable physical element for impact mitigation. Keywords: Urban Design; Tsunami; Mitigation; Physical Element.
5
Huan, Vo Nguyen Phu, and Indra Sati Hamonangan Harahap. "Simulation of Tsunami Wave Generated by Submarine Slide: Generation, Propagation, Run-Up and Impact." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Submarine slides can trigger tsunamis with high affecting offshore structures, subsea facilities and human lives along the shoreline. Unfortunately, slide-generated tsunami is a difficult problem due to the source of sliding of mass failure by itself or by the other earthquakes. There are no effective numerical model that could simulate simultaneously all stages of generation, propagation, run-up and impact of tsunami phenomena. Physical understanding of slide tsunami hazards is very poor. We must understand substance of tsunami clearly and how to find methods to reduce damage from tsunami wave. This paper will present a parallel computing based on ParallelSPHysics, it can simulate a comprehensive model of tsunami wave by using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics method.
6
Luthfi, Mumtaz, Anawat Suppasri, and Louise K. Comfort. "The 22 December 2018 Mount Anak Krakatau volcanogenic tsunami on Sunda Strait coasts, Indonesia: tsunami and damage characteristics." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-549-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. On 22 December 2018, a tsunami was generated from the Mount Anak Krakatau area that was caused by volcanic flank failures. The tsunami had severe impacts on the western coast of Banten and the southern coasts of Lampung in Indonesia. A series of surveys to measure the impacts of the tsunami was started 3 d after the tsunami and lasted for 10 d. Immediate investigations allowed the collection of relatively authentic images of the tsunami impacts before the clearing process started. This article investigates the impacts of the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami on the affected areas and presents an analysis of the impacts of pure hydrodynamic tsunami forces on buildings. Impacts of the tsunami were expected to exhibit different characteristics than those found following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Aceh. Data were collected from 117 flow depths along the Banten and Lampung coasts. Furthermore, 98 buildings or houses were assessed for damage. Results of this study revealed that the flow depths were higher in Banten than in Lampung. Directions of the tsunami arrays created by the complex bathymetry around the strait caused these differences. Tsunami-induced damage to buildings was mostly the result of impact forces and drag forces. Damping forces could not be associated with the damage. The tsunami warning system in Indonesia should be extended to anticipate non-seismic tsunamis, such as landslides and volcanic processes driven by tsunamis. The lack of a tsunami warning during the first few minutes after the generation of the first wave led to a significant number of human casualties in both of the affected areas.
7
Wünnemann, K., and R. Weiss. "The meteorite impact-induced tsunami hazard." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2053 (October 28, 2015): 20140381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When a cosmic object strikes the Earth, it most probably falls into an ocean. Depending on the impact energy and the depth of the ocean, a large amount of water is displaced, forming a temporary crater in the water column. Large tsunami-like waves originate from the collapse of the cavity in the water and the ejecta splash. Because of the far-reaching destructive consequences of such waves, an oceanic impact has been suggested to be more severe than a similar-sized impact on land; in other words, oceanic impacts may punch over their weight. This review paper summarizes the process of impact-induced wave generation and subsequent propagation, whether the wave characteristic differs from tsunamis generated by other classical mechanisms, and what methods have been applied to quantify the consequences of an oceanic impact. Finally, the impact-induced tsunami hazard will be evaluated by means of the Eltanin impact event.
8
Govindasamy, N., N. H. Mardi, and M. A. Malek. "Modelling of Tsunami Forces on Coastal Structures: a Review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews methods applicable to assess the impact of tsunami forces on coastal structures. Countries affected by tsunamis have proven that this environmental disaster has costed billions of losses, such as the event occurred during year 2004 Andaman tsunami. Therefore, there is a need to assess the structural behaviour upon the impact of tsunami forces in order to minimize the damages and to ensure that coastal structures are able to sustain loading from high current-velocity waves. Currently in practice, there are two approaches of accessing the impacts of tsunami on structures namely physical modelling and experiment or numerical modelling and simulation. Numerical modelling methods are expected to produce acceptable analysis on the stability and condition of structures subjected to tsunami loadings since it incorporates several important parameters which are not implemented in physical modelling. The result from this study is expected to prompt engineers and relevant authorities to revise the current design guidelines on coastal structures which could sustain possible tsunami event in the future.
9
Bernard, Eddie, and Vasily Titov. "Evolution of tsunami warning systems and products." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2053 (October 28, 2015): 20140371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Each year, about 60 000 people and $4 billion (US$) in assets are exposed to the global tsunami hazard. Accurate and reliable tsunami warning systems have been shown to provide a significant defence for this flooding hazard. However, the evolution of warning systems has been influenced by two processes: deadly tsunamis and available technology. In this paper, we explore the evolution of science and technology used in tsunami warning systems, the evolution of their products using warning technologies, and offer suggestions for a new generation of warning products, aimed at the flooding nature of the hazard, to reduce future tsunami impacts on society. We conclude that coastal communities would be well served by receiving three standardized, accurate , real-time tsunami warning products, namely (i) tsunami energy estimate, (ii) flooding maps and (iii) tsunami-induced harbour current maps to minimize the impact of tsunamis. Such information would arm communities with vital flooding guidance for evacuations and port operations. The advantage of global standardized flooding products delivered in a common format is efficiency and accuracy, which leads to effectiveness in promoting tsunami resilience at the community level.
10
Koshimura, Shunichi, Luis Moya, Erick Mas, and Yanbing Bai. "Tsunami Damage Detection with Remote Sensing: A Review." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tsunamis are rare events compared with the other natural disasters, but once it happens, it can be extremely devastating to the coastal communities. Extensive inland penetration of tsunamis may cause the difficulties of understanding its impact in the aftermath of its generation. Therefore the social needs to technologies of detecting the wide impact of great tsunamis have been increased. Recent advances of remote sensing and technologies of image analysis meet the above needs and lead to more rapid and efficient understanding of tsunami affected areas. This paper provides a review of how remote sensing methods have developed to contribute to post-tsunami disaster response. The evaluations in the performances of the remote sensing methods are discussed according to the needs of tsunami disaster response with future perspective.
11
Tanaka, Hitoshi, and Nguyen Xuan Tinh. "THE 2010 CHILEAN AND THE 2011 TOHOKU TSUNAMI WAVES IMPACT TO RIVERS IN THE TOHOKU REGION, JAPAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a result when tsunami invades into river, it may not only a threat of damages to the banks but also cause the environmental problem such as inundation. Therefore, study of tsunami impacts to rivers becomes more important. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the tsunami wave propagation at different river morphologies based on real time measurements during the 2010 Chilean Tsunami and 2011 Tohoku Tsunami events. The aim is to learn empirically from the last extreme events tsunamis in order to suggest a better solution in terms of river and coastal management in the future. The analyzed results have been shown that the tsunami wave can be affected up to several tens kilometer upstream of a large river and the measured tsunami travel time inside the river is almost similar to the tsunami travel time calculated by using the long wave theory.
12
Mavroulis, Spyridon, Marilia Gogou, and Efthymios Lekkas. "Earthquake-Induced Tsunamis in Western Greece (Ionian Sea and Western and Southern Peloponnese): Use of Tsunami Quantities, Impact and ITIS-2012 Intensities for Highlighting Susceptible Areas." Geosciences 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taking into account recent studies on the tsunamigenic potential of strike-slip faults, it is concluded that there is a need to reassess their near-source tsunami hazard and risk. One of the areas which needs reassessment is Western Greece, especially the Ionian Islands and the western coastal Peloponnese, where major seismogenic strike-slip structures occur. In this context, an extensive review of the available literature is conducted, including not only earthquake and tsunami catalogues but also tsunamis’ imprints on the stratigraphic record. It is concluded that the Ionian Islands and the western Peloponnese have a rich history of tsunamis since 6000 BC, revealing that they are subjected to high tsunami hazard. In addition to the teletsunami effects of distant earthquakes, there are also local tsunamis with smaller physical quantities and slighter coastal impact that are attributed mainly to local offshore faults and earthquake-triggered landslides. The fact that no destructive local tsunamis have been detected so far does not exclude the possibility of future triggering. In order to identify areas susceptible to future tsunami impact, we extract tsunami quantities and coastal impact data from available sources and we apply the Integrated Tsunami Intensity Scale 2012 (ITIS-2012) for all the events with available and adequate information. The highly susceptible areas comprise straits, funnel-shaped bays and extensive coastal areas exposed to major strike-slip seismogenic sources in the Ionian Sea and the western Hellenic Trench. Based on the aforementioned information, the inclusion of the Ionian Sea in the tsunamigenic zones of Greece is strongly recommended.
13
Yeh, Harry. "Design Tsunami Forces for Onshore Structures." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tsunamis often cause structural damage by direct water forces as well as impact forces by water-born missiles. The available design guidelines for tsunami forces are reviewed and evaluated. Synthesizing technical information, rational methodologies are developed for the determination of design tsunami forces on buildings located in onshore areas where tsunami inundation maps are available. Although there are substantial uncertainties with respect to tsunami phenomena themselves, the simple methodologies developed may be used for preliminary evaluation of tsunami forces.
14
Tappin, D. R., P. Watts, and S. T. Grilli. "The Papua New Guinea tsunami of 17 July 1998: anatomy of a catastrophic event." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 2 (March 26, 2008): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-243-2008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami of July 1998 was a seminal event because it demonstrated that relatively small and relatively deepwater Submarine Mass Failures (SMFs) can cause devastating local tsunamis that strike without warning. There is a comprehensive data set that proves this event was caused by a submarine slump. Yet, the source of the tsunami has remained controversial. This controversy is attributed to several causes. Before the PNG event, it was questionable as to whether SMFs could cause devastating tsunamis. As a result, only limited modelling of SMFs as tsunami sources had been undertaken, and these excluded slumps. The results of these models were that SMFs in general were not considered to be a potential source of catastrophic tsunamis. To effectively model a SMF requires fairly detailed geological data, and these too had been lacking. In addition, qualitative data, such as evidence from survivors, tended to be disregarded in assessing alternative tsunami sources. The use of marine geological data to identify areas of recent submarine failure was not widely applied. The disastrous loss of life caused by the PNG tsunami resulted in a major investigation into the area offshore of the devastated coastline, with five marine expeditions taking place. This was the first time that a focussed, large-scale, international programme of marine surveying had taken place so soon after a major tsunami. It was also the first time that such a comprehensive data set became the basis for tsunami simulations. The use of marine mapping subsequently led to a larger involvement of marine geologists in the study of tsunamis, expanding the knowledge base of those studying the threat from SMF hazards. This paper provides an overview of the PNG tsunami and its impact on tsunami science. It presents revised interpretations of the slump architecture based on new seabed relief images and, using these, the most comprehensive tsunami simulation of the PNG event to date. Simulation results explain the measured runups to a high degree. The PNG tsunami has made a major impact on tsunami science. It is one of the most studied SMF tsunamis, yet it remains the only one known of its type: a slump.
15
Bernard, Eddie, and Vasily Titov. "Improving Tsunami Forecast Skill Using Deep Ocean Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533206787353223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tsunamis are an ever-present threat to lives and property along the coasts of most of the world's oceans. The Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, which killed over 230,000 people, compels us to be more proactive in developing ways to reduce tsunami impact on our global society. Since 1997, the United States has used a joint state/federal partnership to reduce tsunami hazards along US coastlines—the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. By integrating hazard assessment, warning guidance and mitigation activities, the program has created a roadmap and a set of tools to make communities more resilient to local and distant tsunamis. Among the tools are forecasting, educational programs, and design guidance for communities to become tsunami resilient. This article focuses on the technology required to produce accurate, reliable tsunami forecasts.
16
Harahap, Indra Sati Hamonangan, and Vo Nguyen Phu Huan. "Generation, Propagation, Run-Up and Impact of Landslide Triggered Tsunami: A Literature Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Submarine landslide is the most serious threat on both local and regional scales. Tsunami phenomenon induced by submarine slide has put us on the challenge in understanding from generation mechanism to propagation and coastal inundation and mitigating the risk from it. Submarine slides can trigger tsunamis with high run-up affecting offshore structures, subsea facilities and human lives along the shoreline. Unfortunately, there are no effective numerical models that could simulate simultaneously all stages of generation, propagation and run-up of tsunamis phenomena. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the landslide tsunami phenomenon.
17
Otero, L. J., J. C. Restrepo, and M. Gonzalez. "Tsunami hazard assessment in the southern Colombian Pacific Basin and a proposal to regenerate a previous barrier island as protection." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 2 (April 11, 2013): 1173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1173-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In this study, the tsunami hazard posed to 120 000 inhabitants of Tumaco (Colombia) is assessed, and an evaluation and analysis of regenerating the previous El Guano Island for tsunami protection is conducted. El Guano Island was a sandy barrier island in front of the city of Tumaco until its disappearance during the tsunami of 1979; the island is believed to have played a protective role, substantially reducing the scale of the disaster. The analysis is conducted by identifying seismotectonic parameters and focal mechanisms of tsunami generation in the area, determining seven potential generation sources, applying a numerical model for tsunami generation and propagation, and evaluating the effect of tsunamis on Tumaco. The results show that in the current situation, this area is vulnerable to impact and flooding by tsunamis originating nearby. El Guano Island was found to markedly reduce flood levels and the energy flux of tsunami waves in Tumaco during the 1979 tsunami. To reduce the risk of flooding due to tsunamis, the regeneration and morphological modification of El Guano Island would help to protect Tumaco.
18
Otero, L. J., J. C. Restrepo, and M. Gonzalez. "Tsunami hazard assessment in the southern Colombian Pacific basin and a proposal to regenerate a previous barrier island as protection." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 5 (May 19, 2014): 1155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1155-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In this study, the tsunami hazard posed to 120 000 inhabitants of Tumaco (Colombia) is assessed, and an evaluation and analysis of regenerating the previous El Guano Island for tsunami protection is conducted. El Guano Island was a sandy barrier island in front of the city of Tumaco until its disappearance during the tsunami of 1979; the island is believed to have played a protective role, substantially reducing the scale of the disaster. The analysis is conducted by identifying seismotectonic parameters and focal mechanisms of tsunami generation in the area, determining seven potential generation sources, applying a numerical model for tsunami generation and propagation, and evaluating the effect of tsunamis on Tumaco. The results show that in the current situation, this area is vulnerable to impact and flooding by tsunamis originating nearby. El Guano Island was found to markedly reduce flood levels and the energy flux of tsunami waves in Tumaco during the 1979 tsunami. By reducing the risk of flooding due to tsunamis, the regeneration and morphological modification of El Guano Island would help to protect Tumaco.
19
Ward, Steven N., and Erik Asphaug. "Impact tsunami–Eltanin." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 49, no. 6 (January 2002): 1073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00147-3.
Повний текст джерела
20
Zhao, Enjin, Ke Qu, Lin Mu, Simon Kraatz, and Bing Shi. "Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Pipelines under the Impact of Real-World Tsunami-Like Waves." Water 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Submarine pipelines have been extensively used for marine oil and gas extraction due to their high efficiency, safety, and low price. However, submarine pipelines are vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). Previous research has often used solitary waves as a basis for studying the impacts of tsunami waves on submarine pipelines, although the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave properties drastically differ from those of real-world tsunami waves. This paper numerically investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of tsunami waves interacting with submarine pipelines, but instead uses an improved wave model to generate a tsunami-like wave that more closely resembles those encountered in the real-world. The tsunami-like wave generated based on a real-world tsunami wave profile recorded during a 2011 tsunami in Japan has been applied. Given the same wave height, simulation results show that peak hydrodynamic forces of the tsunami-like wave are greater than those of the solitary wave. Meanwhile, the duration of the acting force under the tsunami-like wave is much longer than that of the solitary wave. These findings underline the basic reasons for the destructive power of tsunamis. It is also noted that the hydrodynamic forces of the pipeline under the tsunami-like wave increase with wave height, but will decrease as water depth increases. In addition to the single pipeline, the complicated hydrodynamic characteristics of pipelines in tandem arrangement have been also numerically studied. It is believed that the findings drawn from this paper can enhance our understanding of the induced forces on submarine pipelines under extreme tsunami waves.
21
Shtienberg, Gilad, Assaf Yasur-Landau, Richard D. Norris, Michael Lazar, Tammy M. Rittenour, Anthony Tamberino, Omri Gadol, et al. "A Neolithic mega-tsunami event in the eastern Mediterranean: Prehistoric settlement vulnerability along the Carmel coast, Israel." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0243619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tsunami events in antiquity had a profound influence on coastal societies. Six thousand years of historical records and geological data show that tsunamis are a common phenomenon affecting the eastern Mediterranean coastline. However, the possible impact of older tsunamis on prehistoric societies has not been investigated. Here we report, based on optically stimulated luminescence chronology, the earliest documented Holocene tsunami event, between 9.91 to 9.29 ka (kilo-annum), from the eastern Mediterranean at Dor, Israel. Tsunami debris from the early Neolithic is composed of marine sand embedded within fresh-brackish wetland deposits. Global and local sea-level curves for the period, 9.91–9.29 ka, as well as surface elevation reconstructions, show that the tsunami had a run-up of at least ~16 m and traveled between 3.5 to 1.5 km inland from the palaeo-coastline. Submerged slump scars on the continental slope, 16 km west of Dor, point to the nearby “Dor-complex” as a likely cause. The near absence of Pre-Pottery Neolithic A-B archaeological sites (11.70–9.80 cal. ka) suggest these sites were removed by the tsunami, whereas younger, late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B-C (9.25–8.35 cal. ka) and later Pottery-Neolithic sites (8.25–7.80 cal. ka) indicate resettlement following the event. The large run-up of this event highlights the disruptive impact of tsunamis on past societies along the Levantine coast.
22
Gianfreda, F., G. Mastronuzzi, and P. Sansò. "Impact of historical tsunamis on a sandy coastal barrier: an example from the northern Gargano coast, southern Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2001): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-1-213-2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Lesina coastal barrier is characterized by the presence of three wide washover fans. They were formed by three distinct tsunamis which struck the northern coast of the Gargano Promontory (Apulia, Italy) during historical times. A model for their formation is presented. It takes into account the geomorphological data collected and some reports about the effect of recent tsunamis on coastal barriers and beaches. Washover fans were produced by tsunami waves which ran through coseismic cracks developed on dune ridges shaping a narrow, straight and relatively deep trench which constitutes the fan throat. Moreover, each tsunami event most likely caused severe erosion of the coastal barrier, shaping erosive grooves across the dune ridges, causing beach cliffs and causing the nourishment of submarine offshore bars. After the tsunami, a phase of coastal barrier recovery began, forming new dune ridges and closing washover fan throats. Morphological, archeological and radiometric data indicate a pre-Roman age for the oldest event, which was dated at 2430 years BP. The second tsunami struck the Lesina coastal barrier with similar magnitude 1550 years BP; it was caused by the strong earthquake that occurred at Gargano Promontory in the year 493 AD as reported by a medieval sacred legend. The smallest and more recent fan formed following the tsunami that hit the northern coast of Gargano on 30 July 1627.
23
Omira, R., M. A. Baptista, F. Leone, L. Matias, S. Mellas, B. Zourarah, J. M. Miranda, F. Carrilho, and J. P. Cherel. "Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at El Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: lessons learned from the Japanese 11 March 2011 tsunami." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2013): 1779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1779-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This paper seeks to investigate the effectiveness of sea-defense structures in preventing/reducing the tsunami overtopping as well as evaluating the resulting tsunami impact at El Jadida, Morocco. Different tsunami wave conditions are generated by considering various earthquake scenarios of magnitudes ranging from Mw = 8.0 to Mw = 8.6. These scenarios represent the main active earthquake faults in the SW Iberia margin and are consistent with two past events that generated tsunamis along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The behaviour of incident tsunami waves when interacting with coastal infrastructures is analysed on the basis of numerical simulations of near-shore tsunami waves' propagation. Tsunami impact at the affected site is assessed through computing inundation and current velocity using a high-resolution digital terrain model that incorporates bathymetric, topographic and coastal structures data. Results, in terms of near-shore tsunami propagation snapshots, waves' interaction with coastal barriers, and spatial distributions of flow depths and speeds, are presented and discussed in light of what was observed during the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. Predicted results show different levels of impact that different tsunami wave conditions could generate in the region. Existing coastal barriers around the El Jadida harbour succeeded in reflecting relatively small waves generated by some scenarios, but failed in preventing the overtopping caused by waves from others. Considering the scenario highly impacting the El Jadida coast, significant inundations are computed at the sandy beach and unprotected areas. The modelled dramatic tsunami impact in the region shows the need for additional tsunami standards not only for sea-defense structures but also for the coastal dwellings and houses to provide potential in-place evacuation.
24
Aniel-Quiroga, Ãñigo, César Vidal, Mauricio González, and Javier L. Lara. "STABILITY ANALYSIS OF RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS UNDER TSUNAMI FIRST IMPACT AND OVERFLOW." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tsunamis are relatively infrequent but very destructive phenomena that can cause devastating consequences on coastal areas. In view of recent tragic episodes, the scientific community is strengthening their efforts to develop strategies to mitigate the risk of tsunami consequences, specially focused on the potentially affected areas. One of the strategies in this direction is the design and construction of more efficient coastal structures. In this way, in the frame of the EU FP7 project ASTARTE physical experiments on rubble-mound breakwaters (RMB) under tsunami wave attack have been carried out in the IH Cantabria facilities in Santander, Spain. These experiments focused on gaining a better understanding of tsunami impacts on this kind of structures. Improving the knowledge about their stability and hydrodynamics will contribute to a better design of coastal protection marine structures.
25
Tinti, S., G. Pagnoni, F. Zaniboni, and E. Bortolucci. "Tsunami generation in Stromboli island and impact on the south-east Tyrrhenian coasts." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 5 (October 31, 2003): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-299-2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Stromboli is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aeolian island arc in south Tyrrhenian sea, Italy. In the last 100 years the most relevant volcanic eruptions have beenaccompanied by local tsunamis, that have caused damage and casualties. In some cases the direct mechanism of local tsunami generation is clear, i.e. pyroclastic flows entering the sea. In some others it is uncertain and some speculation concerning the collapse of the eruptive column on the sea surface or the failure of some underwater mass can be made. But the ordinary activity is unlikely to generate large regional tsunamis. These can be produced by the lateral collapse of the volcanic cone that geomorphological and volcanological investigations have proven to have occurred repeatedly in the recent history of the volcano, with return period in the order of some thousands of years. The last episode is dated to less than 5 ka BP, and left the Sciara del Fuoco scar on the north-west flank of Stromboli. Based on previous studies, the possible collapse of the nortwestern sector of Stromboli and the consequent generation and propagation of a tsunami are explored. The impact on Stromboli and on the other islands of the Aeolian archipelago is estimated, as well as the impact on the coast of Sicily and the Tyrrhenian coasts of Calabria. The simulation is carried out by means of a double model: a Lagrangian block model to compute the motion of the collapsing mass, and a finite-element hydrodynamic model to compute the evolution of the tsunami. Two distinct tsunami simulations are carried out, one on a very fine grid around the source region to evaluate the tsunami near Stromboli, and one utilising a coarser grid covering the whole south-east Tyrrhenian sea to compute the tsunami propagation toward Sicily and Calabria. It is found that a huge-volume collapse of the north-western flank of the Stromboli cone is capable of producing a regional tsunami which is catastrophic at the source and devastating on long stretches of Tyrrhenian coasts, but particularly in the neighbouring islands of Panarea and Salina, and along the Calabria coasts around Capo Vaticano.
26
Ekaprasetia, Feri, and Guruh Wirasakti. "Tabletop Tsunami Simulator In Tsunami Disaster Preparation To Make Schools Of Disaster Preparedness." Jurnal Kesehatan dr. Soebandi 9, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36858/jkds.v9i1.267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Tsunami in Indonesia become a threat to society, especially for vulnerable groups. Primary school students are one of the vulnerable groups that should have adequate preparedness both in their knowledge and attitudes in facing the tsunami. To support the preparedness, a tabletop tsunami simulator has been developed. Objective: To describe the tsunami preparedness of school-age children and to assess the impact of the tabletop tsunami simulator on the knowledge and attitudes of school children towards tsunamis. Methods: The study design was a one group pre-test – post-test design with a total participant of 157 students. The research instrument used was a tabletop tsunami simulator and a questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitude towards tsunamis. The statistical test used was the Mann Whitney test. The inclusion criteria included primary school 5th and 6th grade students, had a smartphone, and were willing to be participants. The data was collected using Google form and had obtained ethical approval number 62/SDS/KEPK/TL/VI/2020. Result: The Mann Whitney test showed a significant effect between the tabletop tsunami simulator and the participants’ knowledge of tsunamis with a p-value of 0.000 (p-value <0.05). In the attitude variable, an increase in the attitude score between the pre-test and post-test was also observed. The average attitude score increased from 32.99 to 34.97, with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: There is a significant effect between the tabletop tsunami simulator with the participants’ knowledge and attitudes in facing the threat of a tsunami.
27
Griswold, Frances R., Breanyn T. MacInnes, and Bretwood Higman. "Tsunami-based evidence for large eastern Aleutian slip during the 1957 earthquake." Quaternary Research 91, no. 03 (June 21, 2018): 1045–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe Aleutian subduction zone is capable of generating magnitude ~9 earthquakes that have local impact and broadcast their destructive power across the Pacific through tsunamis. Field surveys of the tsunami from the 1957 Great Aleutian earthquake (reported M w 8.6) indicate a tsunami amongst the largest of the twentieth century. In the eastern half of the rupture zone, stranded logs record up to 18 m run-up in the Islands of Four Mountains (IFM) and 32±2 m on Unalaska Island. In conjunction with archaeological studies in the region, these observations show the potential impact of tsunamis on the ancient peoples in the IFM. Simulation of the near-field tsunami produced from the published slip distribution of 1957 is almost an order of magnitude smaller than all field observations. Increasing the earthquake magnitude and amount of eastern slip used in forward models of the tsunami demonstrate that run-up observations can be achieved throughout the eastern Aleutians if the earthquake was more than twice as large—at least M w 8.8 earthquake with 10–20 m of eastern slip. Additionally, up to five possible IFM paleotsunami deposits agree with the regional picture of regular large events, illustrating the circum-Pacific tsunami hazard from the east-central Aleutians.
28
Roger, J., A. Frère, and H. Hébert. "Impact of a tsunami generated at the Lesser Antilles subduction zone on the Northern Atlantic Ocean coastlines." Advances in Geosciences 38 (July 25, 2014): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-43-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. On 11 March 2011, a Mw ~ 9.0 megathrust earthquake occurred off the coast of Tohoku, triggering a catastrophic tsunami reaching heights of 10 m and more in some places and resulting in lots of casualties and destructions. It is one of a handful of catastrophic tsunamis having occurred during the last decade, following the 2004 Indonesian tsunami, and leading to the preparation of tsunami warning systems and evacuation plans all around the world. In the Atlantic Ocean, which has been struck by two certified transoceanic tsunamis over the past centuries (the 1755 "Lisbon" and 1929 Grand Banks events), a warning system is also under discussion, especially for what concerns potential tsunamigenic sources off Iberian Peninsula. In addition, the Lesser Antilles subduction zone is also potentially able to generate powerful megathrust ruptures as the 8 February 1843 Mw ~ 8.0/8.5 earthquake, that could trigger devastating tsunamis propagating across the Northern Atlantic Ocean. The question is in which conditions these tsunamis could be able to reach the Oceanic Islands as well as the eastern shores of the Atlantic Ocean, and what could be the estimated times to react and wave heights to expect? This paper attempts to answer those questions through the use of numerical modelings and recent research results about the Lesser Antilles ability to produce megathrust earthquakes.
29
Sischka, Laura, Cyprien Bosserelle, Shaun Williams, Josephina Chan Ting, Ryan Paulik, Malcolm Whitworth, Lameko Talia, and Paul Viskovic. "Reconstructing the 26 June 1917 Samoa Tsunami Disaster." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 3389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 1917 Samoa tsunamigenic earthquake is the largest historical event to impact this region. Over a century later, little is known about the tsunami magnitude and its implications for modern society. This study reconstructs the 1917 tsunami to understand its hazard characteristics in the Samoan region and assesses the risk implications of tsunamis sourced from different locations along the subduction zone bend of the Northern Tonga Trench (NTT). We model the event from its origin to produce outputs of tsunami inundation extent and depth at spatially flexible grid resolution, which are validated using available runup observations and Apia harbour tide gauge records. We then combine the inundation model with digital distributions of buildings to produce exposure metrics for evaluating the likely impacts on present-day coastal assets and populations if a similar tsunami were to occur. Results exhibit recorded and modelled wave arrival time discrepancies in Apia harbour of between 30–40 min, with runup underestimated in southeast Upolu Island compared with the rest of the country. These differences could reflect complexities in the tsunami source mechanism that are not represented in our modelling and require further investigation. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that if a characteristic 1917-type event were to occur again, approximately 71% of exposed people would reside in Savai’i. Overall, this study provides the first detailed inundation model of the 1917 tsunami that supports an appreciation of the regional risk to local tsunamis sourced at the subduction zone bend of the NTT in Samoa.
30
Kafle, Jeevan, and Bhadra Man Tuladhar. "Landslide-water Interaction for Partially Submerged Landslide." Journal of Nepal Mathematical Society 1, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnms.v1i1.42170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tsunamis are long water waves triggered by impulsive geologic events. Tsunamis generated by landslides may be classified based on the initial position of the landslide as subaerial, partially submerged or submarine landslide generated tsunamis depending on the initial position of the landslide relative to the water depth. Here we present and discuss a simulation related to a partially submerged landslide in a quiescent reservoir by using the general two-phase mass flow model (Pudasaini, 2012) to observe the explicit evolution and propagation of surface tsunami waves, and solid waves as submarine mass movement. Tsunami waves are reflected as they impact the right coast and the lateral walls of the reservoir. The study of wave propagation, reflection and interaction as well as the submarine mass movement enhance our understanding on the tsunami-related phenomena and the turbidity current in water bodies and coastal areas.
31
Weninger, Bernhard, Rick Schulting, Marcel Bradtmöller, Lee Clare, Mark Collard, Kevan Edinborough, Johanna Hilpert, et al. "The catastrophic final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami." Documenta Praehistorica 35 (December 31, 2008): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.35.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Around 8200 calBP, large parts of the now submerged North Sea continental shelf (‘Doggerland’) were catastrophically flooded by the Storegga Slide tsunami, one of the largest tsunamis known for the Holocene, which was generated on the Norwegian coastal margin by a submarine landslide. In the present paper, we derive a precise calendric date for the Storegga Slide tsunami, use this date for reconstruction of contemporary coastlines in the North Sea in relation to rapidly rising sea-levels, and discuss the potential effects of the tsunami on the contemporaneous Mesolithic population. One main result of this study is an unexpectedly high tsunami impact assigned to the western regions of Jutland.
32
Riyaz, Mahmood, and Anawat Suppasri. "Geological and Geomorphological Tsunami Hazard Analysis for the Maldives Using an Integrated WE Method and a LR Model." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2016): 1650003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431116500032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study presents a tsunami hazard analysis for the Maldives using integrated statistical approaches, such as the WE (weight of evidence) method and a LR (logistic regression) model, using historical flooding records from the Maldives following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The data with respect to the geological and geomorphological parameters of the islands and reefs, which were collected from 202 inhabited islands and seven resorts in the Maldives, were weighted by the presence/absence of evidence from the impacted islands. The tsunami hazard and risk were evaluated using spatial weights calculated for each variable. The predicted tsunami risk was compared with the impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The results show that for the three cases, the success rate of the estimated hazard and risk prediction ranged between 74% and 90% for the low and high impact islands, respectively. However, the predictability for medium impact islands in the three cases was within the range of 52–58%. The results of this study can be applied to hazard and risk assessments, are useful for tsunami behavior model development for coral islands and can be used to identify islands that are naturally protected, sheltered or resilient against natural disasters, such as tsunamis.
33
Tongkul, Felix, Rodeano Roslee, and Ahmad Khairut Termizi Mohd Daud. "Assessment Of Tsunami Hazard In Sabah – Level Of Threat, Constraints And Future Work." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 70, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm70202001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coastal areas of Sabah are exposed to far-field earthquake-induced tsunamis that could be generated along the trenches of Manila, Negros, Sulu, Cotabato, Sangihe and North Sulawesi. Tsunami simulation models from these trenches indicated that tsunami waves can reach the coast of Sabah between 40 and 120 minutes with tsunami wave heights reaching up to 3 m near the coast. The level of tsunami threat is high in southeast Sabah due to its narrow continental shelf and proximity to tsunami source in the North Sulawesi Trench. The level of tsunami threat is moderate in north and east Sabah due to their proximity to tsunami source in the Sulu Trench. The level of tsunami threat is low in west Sabah due to its distant location to tsunami source from the Manila Trench. While tsunamis cannot be prevented, its impact on human life and property can be reduced through proper assessment of its threat using tsunami simulation models. Unfortunately, constraints remain in producing a reliable tsunami inundation models due to the lack of high-resolution topography and bathymetry data in Sabah and surrounding seas. It would be helpful if such data can be acquired by the relevant government agencies, at least first, in high threat-level areas, such as Tawau and Semporna districts. In order to properly plan mitigation measures tsunami risk mapping should be intensified in high threat-level areas. The locations of settlements (including water villages), population concentrations, types of buildings and houses, road system, drainage system, harbours, jetties and vegetations (including mangroves) need to be mapped in great detail. Based on the detailed tsunami risk map, targeted vulnerable communities could be given continuous and intensive education and awareness on basic tsunami science and tsunami hazard preparedness.
34
Koshimura, Shunichi, and Nobuo Shuto. "Response to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami disaster." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2053 (October 28, 2015): 20140373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We revisited the lessons of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami disaster specifically on the response and impact, and discussed the paradigm shift of Japan's tsunami disaster management policies and the perspectives for reconstruction. Revisiting the modern histories of Tohoku tsunami disasters and pre-2011 tsunami countermeasures, we clarified how Japan's coastal communities have prepared for tsunamis. The discussion mainly focuses on structural measures such as seawalls and breakwaters and non-structural measures of hazard map and evacuation. The responses to the 2011 event are discussed specifically on the tsunami warning system and efforts to identify the tsunami impacts. The nation-wide post-tsunami survey results shed light on the mechanisms of structural destruction, tsunami loads and structural vulnerability to inform structural rehabilitation measures and land-use planning. Remarkable paradigm shifts in designing coastal protection and disaster mitigation measures were introduced, leading with a new concept of potential tsunami levels: Prevention (Level 1) and Mitigation (Level 2) levels according to the level of ‘protection’. The seawall is designed with reference to Level 1 tsunami scenario, while comprehensive disaster management measures should refer to Level 2 tsunami for protection of human lives and reducing potential losses and damage. Throughout the case study in Sendai city, the proposed reconstruction plan was evaluated from the tsunami engineering point of view to discuss how the post 2011 paradigm was implemented in coastal communities for future disaster mitigation. The analysis revealed that Sendai city's multiple protection measures for Level 2 tsunami will contribute to a substantial reduction of the tsunami inundation zone and potential losses, combined with an effective tsunami evacuation plan.
35
Triatmadja, Radianta, and Warniyati Warniyati. "A Note on The Design of Seawall for Tsunami Disaster Mitigation." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i1.33861.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many coastal structures or structures in coastal areas were destroyed by a tsunami attack. Such destructions were due primarily to the fact that such structures were not designed to withstand a tsunami. Those which were designed to withstand tsunami force may also have been destroyed due to some damaging factors which were not included in the design. The damage of the coastal structures is one of the important factors that have caused casualties. Especially, when the destroyed structures were originally aimed to mitigate the area against tsunami, they may cause higher fatalities. Examples of such structures are sea walls in many parts of Japan which were destroyed by the 2011 tsunami. This paper discusses the important factors relevant to the damage of seawall as tsunami mitigation structure such as impact force due to tsunami front, hydrostatic force, and hydrodynamic force, debris force and scour due tsunami. The study was carried out based on literature about the damages of seawall as tsunami protection structures and laboratory experiment reports. The destructions to the structures were divided into three classifications namely instantaneous direct destruction due to impact and drag forces, slowly direct destruction due to drag force, and slowly indirect destruction due to scour. Finally, important aspects to be considered in the design of seawall as tsunamis protection were proposed.
36
Altinok, Y., B. Alpar, N. Özer, and H. Aykurt. "Revision of the tsunami catalogue affecting Turkish coasts and surrounding regions." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2011): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-273-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The coasts of Turkey have been hit by tsunamis in the past. The first national earthquake-tsunami catalogues were compiled in the early 1980s while the most up-to-date tsunami catalogues are mainly the products of recent European projects. The EU projects GITEC and GITEC-TWO (Genesis and Impact of Tsunamis on the European Coasts) and TRANSFER (Tsunami Risk ANd Strategies For the European Region) have added important contributions in establishing and developing unified criteria for tsunami parameterisation, standards for the quality of the data, the data format and the database general architecture. On the basis of these new aspects and based on recent marine geophysical data, tsunamigenic earthquakes, tsunami intensities and their reliability have been revised. The current version of the database contains 134 events, most of which have affected the Turkish coasts seriously during the last 3500 years. The reliability index of 76 events was "probable" and "definite", so that they could be used for assessment of the risk along the Turkish coastal region and for implementation of prevention policies.
37
Sutton, Jeannette, Sarah C. Vos, Michele M. Wood, and Monique Turner. "Designing Effective Tsunami Messages: Examining the Role of Short Messages and Fear in Warning Response." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0032.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Although tsunamis have the potential to be extremely destructive, relatively little research on tsunami messaging has taken place. Discovering whether tsunami warning messages can be written in a way that leads to increased protective response is crucial, particularly given the increased use of mobile message services and the role they play in notifying the public of imminent threats such as tsunami and other hazards. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of designing warning messages for tsunamis that improve upon message style and content used by public alerting agencies to date and to gain insight that can be applied to other hazards. This study tested the impact of tsunami messages that varied in length and content on six message outcomes—understanding, believing, personalizing, deciding, milling, and fear. Relative to the short message, revised messages resulted in significantly more understanding and deciding, known precursors to taking protective action under threat. The revised message also resulted in significantly more fear, which is believed to influence behavioral intentions. Findings suggest that shorter messages may not deliver enough content to inform message receivers about the threat they face and the protective actions they should perform. Longer messages delivered with more specific information about the location of impact, threat-associated risks, and recommended protective actions were associated with better message outcomes, including quicker intended response. Recommendations for future tsunami warnings are provided.
38
Benazir, Benazir, Syamsidik Syamsidik, and Yunita Idris. "ASESMEN POTENSI TSUNAMI DAN KESIAPSIAGAAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR: STUDI KASUS TELUK ULEE LHEUE, ACEH BESAR." JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jth.v13i1.678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, which devastated the coasts of Aceh and Nias, revealed that the event was a mega-hazard category. Following the disaster, a new era in the development of tsunami mitigation throughout the archipelago began. Nonetheless, given the impact of the two tsunamis that occurred at the end of 2018, achieving mitigation within 17 years poses a unique challenge and high priority. The relationship between tsunami-prone areas and community preparedness has become a crucial factor in achieving regional disaster resilience. The objective of this research is to provide a regional assessment of tsunamis risk as well as community preparedness for future tsunami. The coast of Teluk Ulee Lheue, Aceh Besar, was chosen as the location for the assessment as a role model. The research method consists of tsunami mathematical modeling considering the impact caused by the magnitude of earthquakes 8.2, 9.15, and 9.2. The Nonlinear Shallow Water Equation (NSWE) model was used in the simulation, which was discretized using the explicit leap-frog Finite Difference Method. Field activities were included not only to collect topography and land use data but also to gather information and community response. The data was provided directly from the local community through the completion of a questionnaire, with a total of 150 respondents being evaluated. The findings of this study reveal that the consequences of the tsunami inundation remain quite considerable, even for a smaller-scale earthquake than the previous 2004 event. In general, the degree of community preparedness seems to be quite high, especially in terms of tsunami awareness. An improvement in disaster emergencies is required, specifically in the household sector. However, with a high degree of community preparedness, it would be essential to carry out individual evacuations rapidly. Keywords: tsunami hydrodynamics, numerical simulation, run-up, community preparedness, environmental social
39
Evelpidou, Niki, Anna Karkani, Miltiadis Polidorou, Giannis Saitis, Christos Zerefos, Costas Synolakis, Christos Repapis, Maria Tzouxanioti, and Marilia Gogou. "Palaeo-Tsunami Events on the Coasts of Cyprus." Geosciences 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyprus has a long history of tsunami activity, as described in archaeological and geological records. Although the study area has experienced tsunamis in the past and constitutes an area threatened by this hazard both from the Cyprean arc and from the neighboring Hellenic arc, field research on tsunami evidence on the coastal zone of Cyprus still remains scarce. It is clear from the literature that large boulder accumulations are an important feature along the coasts of Cyprus, testifying to extreme events. A detailed field survey revealed that at various locations cited in the literature as hosting geomorphological evidence of past tsunamis, no such evidence was identified. It is likely that the high touristic activity that has been occurring on the coasts of Cyprus during the last 20 years may have affected tsunami indicators such as boulder accumulations. Tsunamis are unpredictable and infrequent but potentially large-impact natural disasters. The latest strong tsunami that caused damage to the Cypriot coast was centuries ago, when the population and economic growth and development at the Cypriot shoreline did not exist. Today, the coastal zone hosts a higher population as well as increasing touristic activity, highlighting the need for better preparedness, awareness raising and for tsunami-related risk reduction.
40
Muhammad, Ario, Katsuichiro Goda, Nicholas A. Alexander, Widjo Kongko, and Abdul Muhari. "Tsunami evacuation plans for future megathrust earthquakes in Padang, Indonesia, considering stochastic earthquake scenarios." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (December 12, 2017): 2245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2245-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This study develops tsunami evacuation plans in Padang, Indonesia, using a stochastic tsunami simulation method. The stochastic results are based on multiple earthquake scenarios for different magnitudes (Mw 8.5, 8.75, and 9.0) that reflect asperity characteristics of the 1797 historical event in the same region. The generation of the earthquake scenarios involves probabilistic models of earthquake source parameters and stochastic synthesis of earthquake slip distributions. In total, 300 source models are generated to produce comprehensive tsunami evacuation plans in Padang. The tsunami hazard assessment results show that Padang may face significant tsunamis causing the maximum tsunami inundation height and depth of 15 and 10 m, respectively. A comprehensive tsunami evacuation plan – including horizontal evacuation area maps, assessment of temporary shelters considering the impact due to ground shaking and tsunami, and integrated horizontal–vertical evacuation time maps – has been developed based on the stochastic tsunami simulation results. The developed evacuation plans highlight that comprehensive mitigation policies can be produced from the stochastic tsunami simulation for future tsunamigenic events.
41
Pertiwi, Imanuela I., Muhammad H. Fattah, and Abdul Rauf. "Estimation of Tsunami Inundation and Disaster Mitigation in Bulukumba, Indonesia." Jurnal Geofisika 16, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36435/jgf.v16i1.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aims to determine the potential of earthquake that could lead to tsunamis in the Flores Sea. Furthermore, based on the potential of earthquake magnitude, can be known high run-up of tsunami in the southern coastal region of Bulukumba regency. The height run-up of tsunami can show the vulnerability of tsunami impact and eects spatially based on the eect of land function in the southern coastal area of Bulukumba Regency. To plan an eective mitigation scenario in the southern coastal area of Bulukumba Regency can be based on the vulnerability of tsunami impacts and eects. This study uses secondary data consisting of three data. The condition of land function and the density of community infrastructure is obtained basedon RTRW data of Bulukumba District and Satellite Bing Maps image data; historical data of earthquake events inthe Flores Sea from 1927 to 2016 from the USGS site, and BMKG; as well as topographic data. Field check activityon land function condition is done as a form of conformity of secondary data. The results showed that the potential of seismicity in the Flores Sea is high, with magnitude (M 7 SR) potentially causing tsunamis around it, not least Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The area of tsunami inundation in Bulukumba Regency is 13.617 km2. The coastal area of Ujungbulu sub-district is a dense residential area that has the highest risk to the tsunami with an estimated 3,331 km2 inundation. Land cover in Bontotiro sub-district dominated by vegetation with kerapatandengan interval distance of more than 3 m is seen able to reduce the tsunami with a height of 17 m and 25 m. Tsunami disaster mitigation scenario in Bulukumba regency is to make coastal area as conservation area of coastal forest (mangrove plant) that function as green belt of tsunamiwave holder.
42
Nguyen Hong, Phuong, Que Bui Cong, Phong Vu Van, and Truyen Pham The. "Scenario-based tsunami hazard assessment for the coast of Vietnam from the \(109^{o}\) Meridian fault zone." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 21, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/17023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Located on the continental shelf and stretching approximately 1,000 km along the Central and Southern Central coasts of Vietnam, the 109o Meridian Fault system has long been recognized as seismically active. Empirical evidence of the seismic, volcanic, and submarine landslide activities also suggests that this fault might be capable of originating near-field tsunamis, which can harm the Vietnamese coastal zone. This paper investigates the possibility of the near-field tsunamis from the 109o Meridian Fault and their impact on the Vietnamese coasts. Location and segmentation of the 109o Meridian fault were determined using seismological, geophysical data, and geomorphologic evidence. The fault’s seismotectonic and geodynamic characteristics were used to model the tsunami source. The COMCOT model was used for simulating three worst-case tsunami scenarios excited by earthquakes with Mw = 8.0 originated in two different segments of the 109o Meridian Fault source. The relationship between tsunami wave height and the source-to-coast travel time is investigated in detail at the virtual sea-level stations distributed along the Vietnamese coastline. The simulation results are presented in the deep-ocean tsunami amplitude maps for the entire East Vietnam Sea region and the coastal tsunami amplitude maps for the Vietnamese coasts. The simulation results show the highest tsunami hazards concentrated along the Central and Southern Central Vietnam coastal zones (from Quang Nam province to Ba Ria-Vung Tau province), with the highest tsunami waves not exceeding 4 m observed off-shore the Quang Ngai, Phu Yen and Ninh Thuan provinces. The shortest tsunami travel time from the source to the Southern Central coast is 35 minutes. Due to its strike-slip mechanism, there is a low possibility of the 109o Meridian fault generating earthquake-triggered tsunamis. Moreover, even if they occurred, the near-field tsunamis generated from the 109o Meridian fault source can hardly cause severe damage and losses for the coastal zones of Vietnam, as shown by the simulation results. Nevertheless, the worst-case scenarios simulation results provide the highest risk that the near-field tsunamis from the 109o Meridian fault source might affect the Vietnamese coasts, which is helpful for the national tsunami warning and response purpose.
43
Babeyko, Andrey, Stefano Lorito, Francisco Hernandez, Jörn Lauterjung, Finn Løvholt, Alexander Rudloff, Mathilde Sørensen, et al. "Towards the new Thematic Core Service Tsunami within the EPOS Research Infrastructure." Annals of Geophysics 65, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): DM215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tsunamis constitute a significant hazard for European coastal populations, and the impact of tsunami events worldwide can extend well beyond the coastal regions directly affected. Understanding the complex mechanisms of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, as well as managing the tsunami risk, requires multidisciplinary research and infrastructures that cross national boundaries. Recent decades have seen both great advances in tsunami science and consolidation of the European tsunami research community. A recurring theme has been the need for a sustainable platform for coordinated tsunami community activities and a hub for tsunami services. Following about three years of preparation, in July 2021, the European tsunami community attained the status of Candidate Thematic Core Service (cTCS) within the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure. Within a transition period of three years, the Tsunami candidate TCS is anticipated to develop into a fully operational EPOS TCS. We here outline the path taken to reach this point, and the envisaged form of the future EPOS TCS Tsunami. Our cTCS is planned to be organised within four thematic pillars: (1) Support to Tsunami Service Providers, (2) Tsunami Data, (3) Numerical Models, and (4) Hazard and Risk Products. We outline how identified needs in tsunami science and tsunami risk mitigation will be addressed within this structure and how participation within EPOS will become an integration point for community development.
44
González, Alejandro, Marta Fernández, Miguel Llorente, Jorge Macías, Carlos Sánchez-Linares, Julián García-Mayordomo, and Carlos Paredes. "Pseudo-Probabilistic Design for High-Resolution Tsunami Simulations in the Southwestern Spanish Coast." GeoHazards 3, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 294–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards3020016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The application of simulation software has proven to be a crucial tool for tsunami hazard assessment studies. Understanding the potentially devastating effects of tsunamis leads to the development of safety and resilience measures, such as the design of evacuation plans or the planning of the economic investment necessary to quickly mitigate their consequences. This article introduces a pseudo-probabilistic seismic-triggered tsunami simulation approach to investigate the potential impact of tsunamis in the southwestern coast of Spain, in the provinces of Huelva and Cádiz. Selected faults, probabilistic distributions and sampling methods are presented as well as some results for the nearly 900 Atlantic-origin tsunamis computed along the 250 km-long coast.
45
Quentel, E., A. Loevenbruck, H. Hébert, and S. Allgeyer. "Tsunami hazard in La Réunion island from numerical modeling of historical events." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (May 8, 2013): 1823–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1823-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Whereas major tsunamis have recently affected the southwest Indian Ocean, tsunami hazard in this basin has never been thoroughly examined. Our study contributes to fill in this lack and focuses on La Réunion island for which tsunami hazard related to great earthquakes is evaluated by modeling the scenarios of major historical events. Then, our numerical modeling allow us to compare the tsunami impact at regional scale according to the seismic sources; we thus identify earthquakes locations which most affect the island and describe the impact distribution along its coastline. Thirdly, detailed models are performed for selected sites based on high resolution bathymetric and topographic data; they provide estimations of the water currents, wave heights and potential inundations. When available, field measurements and tide records allow testing our models. Arrival time, amplitude of the first wave and impact on the tide gauge time series are well reproduced. Models are consistent with the observations. The west coast of La Réunion is the most affected (to 2.7 m in the harbour of Le Port Est for 2004 event) by transoceanic tsunamis. Numerical modeling has been performed at Saint-Paul for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman event and 1833 Sumatra event; the low topography of this town could make it vulnerable to tsunami waves. Harbours, particularly prone to undergo significant damages, are also examined. Outside the harbours as well as at Saint-Paul, inundations are predicted along the coastline due to important local wave heights (> 2.5 m).
46
Purnawan, Vera Surtia Bachtiart, and Titi Kurniati. "Prediction of tsunami inundation impact in Padang city." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015604004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sumatera Barat has predicted by experts will be hit by earthquake due to subduction of Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates, this earthquake would result tsunami that will hit Padang city. The tsunami will cause inundation in the several areas of city near the coast. The area of tsunami inundation in Padang city has predicted by expert, this prediction result is displayed on a tsunami inundation map. This paper discusses the impact of tsunami inundation on housing and public facilities in those areas, this result could be used to prepare evacuation planning. The method of study, is by identification of impact tsunami inundation on housing and public facilities. This is carried out with superimpose of tsunami inundation map to Padang city map, submerged housing and public facilities are identified manually. The data then were verified in the field. From result of identification, the depth of inundation in subdistrict are classified, then the public facilities that affected by tsunami inundation are classified in each of subdistrict. Total 27.228 unit house and public facilities that affected by tsunami inundation, 86.3% is housing and 13.4% public facilities. The most affected subdistrict by tsunami inundation is Bungo Pasang, it is 2.899 house and public facilities submerged.
47
Karkani, Anna, Niki Evelpidou, Maria Tzouxanioti, Alexandros Petropoulos, Marilia Gogou, and Eleni Mloukie. "Tsunamis in the Greek Region: An Overview of Geological and Geomorphological Evidence." Geosciences 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Greek region is known as one of the most seismically and tectonically active areas and it has been struck by some devastating tsunamis, with the most prominent one being the 365 AD event. During the past decade significant research efforts have been made in search of geological and geomorphological evidence of palaeotsunamis along the Greek coasts, primarily through the examination of sediment corings (72% of studies) and secondarily through boulders (i.e., 18%). The published data show that some deposits have been correlated with well-known events such as 365 AD, 1303 AD, the Minoan Santorini Eruption and the 1956 Amorgos earthquake and tsunami, while coastal studies from western Greece have also reported up to five tsunami events, dating as far back as the 6th millennium BC. Although the Ionian Islands, Peloponnese and Crete has been significantly studied, in the Aegean region research efforts are still scarce. Recent events such as the 1956 earthquake and tsunami and the 2020 Samos earthquake and tsunami highlight the need for further studies in this region, to better assess the impact of past events and for improving our knowledge of tsunami history. As Greece is amongst the most seismically active regions globally and has suffered from devastating tsunamis in the past, the identification of tsunami prone areas is essential not only for the scientific community but also for public authorities to design appropriate mitigation measures and prevent tsunami losses in the future.
48
Laksono, Fx Anjar Tri, Asmoro Widagdo, Maulana Rizki Aditama, Muhammad Rifky Fauzan, and János Kovács. "Tsunami Hazard Zone and Multiple Scenarios of Tsunami Evacuation Route at Jetis Beach, Cilacap Regency, Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052726.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2006 tsunami, throughout the Pangandaran to Cilacap Coast, resulted in 802 deaths and 1623 houses being destroyed. At Jetis beach, Cilacap Regency, 12 people died, and hundreds of houses were damaged. This area is a tourism destination, visited by hundreds of people per week. Therefore, this study aims to determine a tsunami hazard zone and the most effective evacuation route based on multiple factors and scenarios. The method of this study includes scoring, weighting, and overlaying the distance of the Jetis beach from the shoreline and the river, including the elevation and topography. The study results depict five levels of tsunami hazard zone at the Jetis beach: an area of high potential impact, moderately high, moderate, moderately low, and low. The southern Jetis beach is the most vulnerable area with regard to tsunamis, characterized by low elevation, proximity to the beach and rivers, and gentle slopes. The simulation results show the four fastest evacuation routes with the distance from the high-risk zone to the safe zone of around 683–1683 m. This study infers that the southern part of the Jetis beach, in the moderate to high impact zone, needs greater attention as it would suffer worst impact from a tsunami.
49
Maramai, Alessandra, Beatriz Brizuela, and Laura Graziani. "A Database for Tsunamis and Meteotsunamis in the Adriatic Sea." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 5577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the frame of the Interreg Italy-Croatia program, the EU has funded the PMO-GATE project, focusing on the prevention and mitigation of the socioeconomic impact of natural hazards in the Adriatic region. The Database of Adriatic Tsunamis and Meteotsunamis (DAMT) is one of the deliverables of this project. DAMT is a collection of data documenting both meteotsunami and tsunami effects along the Eastern and Western Adriatic coasts, and it was realized by starting from the available database and catalogues, with the inclusion of new data gained from recent studies, newspapers and websites. For each tsunami and meteotsunami, the database provides an overview of the event and a detailed description of the effects observed at each affected location and gives a picture of the geographical distribution of the effects. The database can be accessed through a GIS WebApp, which allows the user to visualize the georeferenced information on a map. The DAMT WebApp includes three layers: (1) Adriatic Tsunami Sources, (2) Adriatic Tsunami Observation Points and (3) Adriatic Meteotsunamis Observation Points. The database contains 57 observations of tsunami effects related to 27 tsunamis along the Italian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Albanian coasts and 102 observations of meteotsunami effects related to 33 meteotsunamis.
50
Mahfuz, Mahfuz, Mochammad Afifuddin, and Renni Anggraini. "TINJAUAN GAYA TSUNAMI PADA JEMBATAN KRUENG RABA." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 3, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v3i2.16568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aceh Province is located in one of the earth's fault lines in Indonesia, which is an area prone to earthquakes and the potential for a tsunami disaster. Therefore, any planning of structures located on the coast must consider the potential for a tsunami to obtain a strong structure to withstand the forces affected by the tsunami. During the 2004 tsunami, many bridges were carried away by the tsunami. Both bridges made of concrete, as well as steel frame bridges, such as the Krueng Raba steel frame bridge, Lhoknga, the Krueng No bridge, the Meunasah Kulam bridge, and several other bridges. This study aims to analyze and calculate the force and load effects of the tsunami on the structure of one of these bridges, namely the Krueng Raba steel frame bridge, Lhoknga. The force and load of the tsunami effect (Ts) will be analyzed by adopting the Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis, 2012, namely: (1) hydrostatic force; (2) buoyant forces; (3) hydrodynamic forces; (4) impulsive forces; (5) debris impact forces; (6) debris damming forces; (7) lift force; and (8) additional gravity load from water retained on the bridge floor. From the results of this study, it is shown that each of the tsunami forces acting on the crew-raba Lhoknga bridge at the minimum tsunami height variable, 11 meters, which is the initial height of the tsunami touching the bridge's superstructure are: 94.866 KN hydrodynamic force; 142,299 KN thrust; 133,810 KN debris impact force; 14,244 KN debris dam force, and 34,018 KN lift force. Meanwhile, the maximum tsunami height variable, 25 meters, is 24634.934 KN hydrodynamic force; 36952,400 KN thrust; 720,591 KN collision force; 3698,939 KN debris blocking force; and 986,519 KN lift styles. The results of the analysis using computational methods, by inputting the magnitude of the tsunami forces to the bridge model, it can be seen that the ability of the Krueng Raba, Lhoknga steel frame bridge to withstand the forces and loads caused by the tsunami only up to a height of 14 meters.